Efficient sorting device and method based on the difference in specific gravity between potassium feldspar and quartz

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of sorting equipment technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency sorting device and method based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz. The device includes a frame, a sorting box, a drive mechanism, and a composite sorting mechanism. The sorting box is fixedly connected to the frame. The composite sorting mechanism is located inside the upper side of the sorting box and is connected to the inner wall of the sorting box via the eccentric shaft of the drive mechanism. The composite sorting mechanism includes a composite sorting frame and a composite sorting screen plate inclined within the frame. The composite sorting screen plate has several inclined guide grooves. Several discharge channels are arranged parallel to each other along the transverse direction at the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate. Several discharge bins are located at the bottom of the sorting box, each corresponding to a discharge channel below it. This invention achieves efficient, precise, and continuous sorting of potassium feldspar and quartz, overcoming the problems of low sorting accuracy, low efficiency, narrow particle size adaptability, high energy consumption, and complex operation in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sorting equipment technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency sorting device and method based on the difference in specific gravity between potassium feldspar and quartz. Background Technology

[0002] Potassium feldspar is a key industrial raw material in the ceramics, glass, enamel, chemical, and building materials industries. However, in some regions, potassium feldspar deposits are commonly found in association with quartz, with the two minerals closely intergrown, resulting in low-grade ore that is difficult to meet the requirements of high-end ceramics, electronic glass, and other fields.

[0003] Potassium feldspar has a specific gravity of about 2.55-2.60, and quartz has a specific gravity of about 2.65-2.66. The density difference between the two is only 0.08-0.11, which makes them minerals with very small density differences. The existing gravity separation equipment mainly includes shaking tables, spiral chute, jig, etc., which have obvious defects when processing such minerals: (1) Low separation accuracy: Traditional equipment relies on only gravity or pulsating water flow, which cannot effectively distinguish small density differences. The K2O content of potassium feldspar concentrate is less than 12%, and the SiO2 purity of quartz concentrate is less than 95%, and the product quality cannot meet the standards; (2) Low processing efficiency and high energy consumption: The processing capacity of shaking tables is only 0.5-1.5t / h, spiral chute is 2-3t / h, and jig is 4-5t / h. Multi-stage series separation is generally required, which is long, has a large area, and uses a lot of water, which does not meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction; (3) Poor particle size adaptability: Traditional equipment can only process narrow particle size materials. Multi-stage screening and grading are required before feeding, which is complicated; (4) Operation depends on manual labor: The parameter adjustment is complicated, which requires high experience of workers and the separation effect is unstable.

[0004] To solve the above problems, there is an urgent need to develop a gravity separation device that is suitable for minerals with extremely small density differences, adaptable to a wide range of particle sizes, highly efficient, low in energy consumption, and easy to operate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency sorting device and method based on the difference in specific gravity between potassium feldspar and quartz, so as to achieve efficient, accurate and continuous sorting of potassium feldspar and quartz, and overcome the problems of low sorting accuracy, low efficiency, narrow particle size adaptability, high energy consumption and complex operation in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz, including a frame, a sorting box, a drive mechanism, and a composite sorting mechanism. The sorting box is fixedly connected to the frame, and the composite sorting mechanism is disposed inside the upper side of the sorting box. The composite sorting mechanism is connected to the inner wall of the sorting box through the drive mechanism. The composite sorting mechanism includes a composite sorting frame and a composite sorting screen plate inclinedly disposed within the composite sorting frame. The composite sorting screen plate is provided with several inclined guide grooves. Several discharge channels are arranged in parallel along the transverse direction at the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate. Several discharge bins are provided at the bottom of the sorting box, and each discharge bin is correspondingly disposed below a discharge channel.

[0007] Preferably, the composite sorting screen plate is tilted both forward and backward and left and right within the composite sorting frame. The forward and backward tilt is such that the height of the feed end of the composite sorting screen plate is higher than the height of the discharge end, and the left and right tilt is such that the height of the side of the composite sorting screen plate near the beginning of the guide channel is lower than the height of the side near the end of the guide channel.

[0008] Preferably, the guide channel includes a multi-stage guide channel, which is equidistantly arranged along the length of the screen plate, and each guide channel forms an angle of 30°-60° with the discharge direction of the composite sorting screen plate.

[0009] Preferably, the composite sorting mechanism includes several composite sorting screens, which are arranged parallel to each other on the upper side inside the sorting box.

[0010] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission assembly, an eccentric shaft, a bearing housing one, and a bearing housing two. The drive motor is located on the outside of the sorting box. The drive motor is connected to the eccentric shaft through the transmission assembly. The eccentric shaft is located on the upper side of the composite sorting frame. The secondary shaft of the eccentric shaft is connected to the composite sorting frame through bearing housing one, and the support shaft of the eccentric shaft is connected to the inner wall of the sorting box through bearing housing two.

[0011] Preferably, the composite sorting frame is symmetrically provided with connecting seat 1 on both sides, and connecting seat 2 is symmetrically provided on the inner wall of the sorting box. Bearing seat 1 is fixedly connected to connecting seat 1, and bearing seat 2 is fixedly connected to connecting seat 2.

[0012] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a drive sprocket, a transmission sprocket, and a transmission chain. The drive sprocket is connected to the output end of the drive motor, the transmission sprocket is fixedly connected to the main shaft of the eccentric shaft, and the drive sprocket is connected to the transmission sprocket via the transmission chain.

[0013] Preferably, the top side of the sorting box is provided with a feed inlet, the feed end of the composite sorting frame is provided with a feed bin, the feed bin is located below the feed inlet, a material leveling baffle is provided on one side of the feed bin, and a gap is provided between the material leveling baffle and the composite sorting screen plate to form a material leveling port.

[0014] Preferably, the discharge channels include fine concentrate discharge channels, potassium feldspar concentrate discharge channels, middlings discharge channels, and quartz concentrate discharge channels arranged in parallel and transverse directions along the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate, and the discharge bins include fine concentrate discharge bins, potassium feldspar concentrate discharge bins, middlings discharge bins, and quartz concentrate discharge bins arranged corresponding to the discharge channels.

[0015] This invention also provides a highly efficient sorting method based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz. The sorting is performed using the aforementioned highly efficient sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz, and includes the following steps: S1. The 0.25-6.73mm wide-sized potassium feldspar and quartz mixed ore is fed into the feed bin through the feed inlet at the top of the sorting box. The ore is evenly spread onto the surface of the composite sorting screen plate through the feed inlet between the feed equalization baffle and the composite sorting screen plate. S2. Turn on the water spray assembly to continuously supply water as the sorting medium along the length of the composite sorting screen plate, forming a sorting flow field. The mixed mineral material is fully dispersed into a slurry under the action of the water flow from the water spray assembly. The slurry moves towards the discharge end under the action of the gravity component of the inclined composite sorting screen plate. S3. The drive motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate through the transmission sprocket and transmission chain. The eccentric shaft drives the composite sorting frame and the composite sorting screen plate to perform composite motion, forming a composite sorting force field on the surface of the composite sorting screen plate. S4. Under the combined action of the composite separation force field and the separation flow field, the slurry moves forward in a leaping manner and passes through multiple levels of guide channels on the screen plate in sequence. It is layered step by step in the separation channel formed by the guide channels to form fine-grained concentrate zone, quartz concentrate zone, mixed ore middlings zone, and potassium feldspar concentrate zone. S5. Fine-grained concentrate belt enters the fine-grained concentrate discharge bin through the fine-grained concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged. Quartz concentrate belt enters the quartz concentrate discharge bin through the quartz concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged. Mixed ore middlings belt enters the middlings discharge bin through the middlings discharge channel and is then discharged. Potassium feldspar concentrate belt enters the potassium feldspar concentrate discharge bin through the potassium feldspar concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged.

[0016] The present invention employs the above-mentioned high-efficiency separation device and method based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz, and has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention targets the extremely small density difference of only 0.08-0.11 between potassium feldspar (specific gravity 2.55-2.60) and quartz (specific gravity 2.65-2.66). By driving the composite sorting screen plate with an eccentric shaft to perform a superimposed elliptical composite trajectory motion of vertical vibration, horizontal swing and inclined feeding, a triple composite sorting force field of vertical vibration force, horizontal centrifugal force and inclined gravity is formed on the surface of the composite sorting screen plate. At the same time, with the step-by-step interception, guidance and lateral offset amplification mechanism of multi-stage inclined guide channels, the lateral displacement difference of mineral particles with different specific gravity is accumulated step by step. Finally, a fine-grained concentrate belt, a quartz concentrate belt, a mixed middlings belt and a potassium feldspar concentrate belt are formed from the inside to the outside at the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate, and are collected at one time and simultaneously through four independent discharge bins. Actual production verification has shown that the K2O content of potassium feldspar concentrate can be increased from 5% in the raw ore to over 12%, and the SiO2 purity of quartz concentrate can reach over 97%, far exceeding the separation index of traditional gravity separation equipment.

[0017] (2) The present invention makes the motion trajectory of the composite sorting frame stable and controllable by the constraint of the driving mechanism, avoiding the swaying and shaking during the operation of the equipment. The four independent discharge bins realize the simultaneous collection of fine concentrate, quartz concentrate, medium ore and potassium feldspar concentrate at one time without manual intervention.

[0018] (3) Traditional gravity separation equipment has strict requirements on feed particle size and requires multi-stage screening and grading in advance, which is complex and requires large equipment investment. This invention can directly process mixed minerals with a wide particle size range of 0.25-6.73mm without pre-grading, which greatly simplifies the process and reduces equipment investment and operating costs. At the same time, by setting the inclination angle of the composite separation screen plate, the opening of the feed hopper, the eccentricity of the eccentric shaft and the speed of the drive motor according to the separation requirements of different minerals and particle sizes, it has a wide range of applications.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a side view of the high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sorting box of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a partial front cross-section of the high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the composite sorting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side sectional view of the composite sorting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a front view schematic diagram of the connection between the composite sorting mechanism of the present invention and the eccentric shaft; Figure 7 This is a top view schematic diagram of the connection between the composite sorting mechanism and the drive mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure label: 1. Rack; 2. Sorting box; 21. Fine concentrate discharge bin; 22. Potassium feldspar concentrate discharge bin; 23. Mid-grade ore discharge bin; 24. Quartz concentrate discharge bin; 25. Feed inlet; 3. Drive mechanism; 31. Drive motor; 32. Transmission assembly; 321. Drive sprocket; 322. Transmission sprocket; 323. Transmission chain; 33. Eccentric shaft; 331. Main shaft; 332. Secondary shaft; 333. Support shaft; 34. Bearing housing one; 35. Bearing housing two; 36. Connecting seat one; 37. Connecting seat two; 38. Bevel gear assembly; 39. Transmission rod; 4. Composite sorting mechanism; 41. Composite sorting frame; 411. Feed bin; 412. Material leveling baffle; 42. Composite sorting screen plate; 43. Guide channel. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should be understood in their ordinary sense by those skilled in the art. The features mentioned above or in the specific examples mentioned in this invention can be combined arbitrarily, and these specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0023] Example like Figures 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides a high-efficiency sorting device based on the difference in specific gravity between potassium feldspar and quartz, including a frame 1, a sorting box 2, a drive mechanism 3, and a composite sorting mechanism 4. The sorting box 2 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, and the composite sorting mechanism 4 is disposed on the upper side inside the sorting box 2. The composite sorting mechanism 4 is connected to the inner wall of the sorting box 2 through the eccentric shaft 33 of the drive mechanism 3, suspending the sorting mechanism on the upper side inside the sorting box 2, so that the composite sorting mechanism 4 can perform planar circular motion under the drive of the eccentric shaft 33.

[0024] The composite sorting mechanism 4 includes a composite sorting frame 41 and a composite sorting screen plate 42 inclined within the composite sorting frame 41. The composite sorting screen plate 42 is inclined both longitudinally and laterally within the composite sorting frame 41. The longitudinal inclination is such that the height of the feed end of the composite sorting screen plate 42 is higher than the height of the discharge end, and the lateral inclination is such that the height of the side of the composite sorting screen plate 42 near the starting end of the guide trough 43 is lower than the height of the side near the ending end of the guide trough 43. This forms a double-inclined sorting surface. The longitudinal inclination is used to guide the material to feed along the length of the screen plate, and the lateral inclination is used to cooperate with the guide trough 43 to achieve lateral stratification of light and heavy minerals.

[0025] The composite sorting screen plate 42 is equipped with several inclined guide channels 43. Under the action of the composite sorting force field, the mineral particles move longitudinally. After contacting the guide channels 43, they cannot pass through in a straight line. Their movement direction is forcibly twisted, and they move obliquely along the inclined surface of the guide channels 43. The longitudinal feed velocity of the mineral particles is decomposed into a longitudinal feed component and a lateral offset component. Mineral particles of different densities and sizes have different inertia, and the lateral offset varies significantly. The multi-stage guide channels 43 amplify the difference in lateral offset step by step, so that fine minerals, quartz, medium minerals, and potassium feldspar are gradually separated in the lateral direction of the screen plate, and finally a stable lateral separation zone is formed at the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate 42, arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside.

[0026] The composite sorting screen plate 42 has several discharge channels arranged horizontally and parallel to each other at its discharge end. The bottom of the sorting box 2 has several discharge bins, each corresponding to a discharge channel below it. The discharge channels include a fine-grained concentrate discharge channel, a potassium feldspar concentrate discharge channel, a middlings discharge channel, and a quartz concentrate discharge channel, all arranged horizontally and parallel to each other along the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate 42. The discharge bins include a fine-grained concentrate discharge bin 21, a potassium feldspar concentrate discharge bin 22, a middlings discharge bin 23, and a quartz concentrate discharge bin 24, each corresponding to a discharge channel. The four discharge bins are independent and do not interfere with each other, enabling simultaneous collection of the four products at once.

[0027] The top side of the sorting box 2 is provided with a feed inlet 25. The feed end of the composite sorting frame 41 is provided with a feed bin 411. The feed bin 411 is located below the feed inlet 25. A material leveling baffle 412 is provided on one side of the feed bin 411. A gap is provided between the material leveling baffle 412 and the composite sorting screen plate 42 to form a material leveling port, so that the feed can be evenly spread to the full width of the screen plate, avoiding material deviation and accumulation. The width of the material leveling port can be set according to the requirements.

[0028] The drive mechanism 3 includes a drive motor 31, a transmission assembly 32, an eccentric shaft 33, a first bearing housing 34, and a second bearing housing 35. The drive motor 31 is located on the outside of the sorting box 2. The drive motor 31 is connected to the eccentric shaft 33 through the transmission assembly 32. The eccentric shaft 33 is located on the upper side of the composite sorting frame 41. The secondary shaft 332 of the eccentric shaft 33 is connected to the composite sorting frame 41 through the first bearing housing 34. The support shaft 333 of the eccentric shaft 33 is connected to the inner wall of the sorting box 2 through the second bearing housing 35, thereby realizing the suspended support and power input of the composite sorting frame 41.

[0029] The two side walls of the composite sorting frame 41 are symmetrically provided with connecting seats 36, and the inner wall of the sorting box 2 is symmetrically provided with connecting seats 37. The bearing seat 34 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 36, and the bearing seat 35 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 37, so as to ensure that the eccentric shaft 33 is stably supported and the screen plate moves without swaying or swaying.

[0030] The transmission assembly 32 includes a drive sprocket 321, a transmission sprocket 322, and a transmission chain 323. The drive sprocket 321 is connected to the output end of the drive motor 31, and the transmission sprocket 322 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 331 of the eccentric shaft 33. The drive sprocket 321 is connected to the transmission sprocket 322 through the transmission chain 323.

[0031] In this embodiment, the composite sorting mechanism 4 includes two parallel composite sorting frames 41, each of which is correspondingly set in a sorting box 2. Each composite sorting frame 41 contains two parallel composite sorting screens 42. The two composite sorting screens 42 within the same frame move synchronously. The two sets of composite sorting frames 41 operate independently without interfering with each other, significantly increasing the overall sorting capacity. Each composite sorting frame 41 is provided with two parallel eccentric shafts 33. Both eccentric shafts 33 are connected to the composite sorting frame 41 via bearing seat 1 34 and to the inner wall of the sorting box 2 via bearing seat 2 35.

[0032] One end of the front eccentric shaft 33 passes through bearing housing 1 34 and bearing housing 2 35 and is connected to the transmission sprocket 322 by existing technology. The other end of the front eccentric shaft 33 passes through bearing housing 1 34 and bearing housing 2 35 and is connected to one end of the transmission rod 39 by the bevel gear assembly 38. The other end of the transmission rod 39 is connected to the rear eccentric shaft 33 by the bevel gear assembly 38, so as to realize the synchronous and co-rotation of the two eccentric shafts 33, ensuring that the composite sorting frame 41 moves smoothly and is subjected to uniform force.

[0033] The driving process of the transmission mechanism: The drive motor 31 drives the front eccentric shaft 33 to rotate through the drive sprocket 321, the transmission chain 323, and the transmission sprocket 322. When the front eccentric shaft 33 rotates, its end transmits power to the transmission rod 39 through the bevel gear assembly 38. The transmission rod 39 then drives the rear eccentric shaft 33 to rotate synchronously and in the same direction through the bevel gear assembly 38 at the other end, so that the front and rear eccentric shafts 33 keep in the same phase and at the same speed.

[0034] The front and rear eccentric shafts 33 rotate synchronously, jointly driving the composite sorting frame 41 and the composite sorting screen plate 42 to perform a stable planar circular composite motion. This creates a triple composite sorting force field on the surface of the composite sorting screen plate 42, where vertical centrifugal force, horizontal centrifugal force, and inclined gravity work together, causing the slurry to move forward in a jumping motion. Under the limiting action of the front and rear eccentric shafts 33 and the bearing housing 35, the composite sorting screen plate 42 will not rotate as a whole or shift radially; it will only perform a quasi-elliptical composite trajectory motion resulting from the superposition of up-and-down vibration, back-and-forth oscillation, and inclined feed.

[0035] Its trajectory and force decomposition are as follows: When the eccentric shaft 33 rotates in a circular motion, the eccentric section (the secondary shaft 332 of the eccentric shaft 33) rotates to the uppermost side (high position), lifting the composite sorting frame 41 upwards through the bearing seat 34, causing the composite sorting screen plate 42 to move upwards. When the eccentric section rotates to the lowermost side (low position), the composite sorting frame 41 moves downwards under its own weight and the action of the eccentric shaft 33. Each rotation of the eccentric shaft 33 completes one up-and-down reciprocating vibration of the composite sorting screen plate 42, forming a vertical jumping vibration force, which fully loosens the slurry and allows fine minerals to settle quickly onto the screen surface. At the same time, when the eccentric shaft 33 rotates in a circular motion, it drives the composite sorting frame 41 to periodically oscillate back and forth in the horizontal direction, causing the composite sorting screen plate 42 to generate periodic horizontal displacement, forming horizontal inertia and centrifugal force, causing lateral displacement differences in minerals with different specific gravities, providing power for stratification.

[0036] Because the composite sorting screen plate 42 adopts a bidirectional inclined arrangement with front-to-back and left-to-right inclination, the vertical vibration and horizontal oscillation are superimposed on the inclined screen surface, so that the slurry jumps and automatically feeds slowly towards the discharge end along the inclined direction of the screen plate, forming a stable inclined feeding trajectory.

[0037] The simultaneous superposition of vertical vibration, horizontal oscillation, and inclined feeding causes the composite sorting screen plate 42 to form a continuous and stable elliptical composite trajectory motion, creating a stable and uniform composite sorting force field above the screen surface of the composite sorting screen plate 42, providing a stable dynamic environment for the efficient stratification of potassium feldspar and quartz.

[0038] After the mineral particles enter the composite sorting screen plate 42, under the action of the composite sorting force field, vertical vibration causes the mineral particles to loosen and jump off the screen surface, breaking up agglomerates. Fine mineral particles have small quantity and volume, and under the action of vibration, they quickly settle to the surface of the composite sorting screen plate 42 and move close to the screen surface. Quartz (specific gravity 2.65-2.66) has high inertia, moves faster in the longitudinal feeding direction, and has a stronger forward force. Potassium feldspar (specific gravity 2.55-2.60) has low inertia, a relatively slow longitudinal feeding speed, and a weaker forward force. The inclined gravity provides a uniform downward feeding force for all mineral particles, ensuring that the mineral particles continue to move towards the discharge end.

[0039] Activate the water spray assembly (this is existing technology and will not be described in detail), and a uniform, low-speed, thin-layer separation flow field is formed along the length of the composite sorting screen plate 42: the water film lifts and buffers the fine mineral particles, allowing them to settle smoothly and not be carried away by turbulence; it reduces the friction between the mineral particles and the composite sorting screen plate 42, ensuring that the mineral particles move strictly according to the force trajectory; it avoids interference from eddies and turbulence, ensuring that the established longitudinal motion differences are not disrupted; it keeps the slurry at a suitable concentration, further enhancing the ability of particles to autonomously stratify according to specific gravity.

[0040] The guide channel 43 is inclined at 30°-60° to the discharge direction. When mineral particles are fed longitudinally, they are blocked by the guide channel 43 and can only move along the inclined surface of the guide channel 43. This forces the pure longitudinal feed to be converted into oblique motion, which is decomposed into a longitudinal feed component and a lateral offset component. Mineral particles with different specific gravities and particle sizes have significant differences in inertia and lateral offset: fine minerals have settled and adhered tightly to the screen surface, sliding along the root of the guide channel 43 with minimal lateral offset, remaining at the innermost side; quartz (heavy and fast) has high longitudinal velocity and large inertia, and after impacting the guide channel 43, it is blocked and bounces back, making it difficult to offset to the outside, remaining at the inner-to-outer position; potassium feldspar (light and slow) has slow longitudinal velocity and small inertia, sliding along the inclined surface of the guide channel 43 to the outside with the largest lateral offset, eventually reaching the outermost side; medium minerals (mixed particles) have a specific gravity and inertia between quartz and potassium feldspar, with a moderate lateral offset, remaining in the middle region.

[0041] Multi-stage guide channels 43 are equidistantly arranged along the length of the composite sorting screen 42. Each time a particle passes through a guide channel 43, the lateral displacement difference is superimposed and amplified, resulting in initial separation in the first guide channel 43; further zoning in the middle guide channel 43; and final shaping in the last guide channel 43. When the mineral particles reach the discharge end, they have formed four clear, fixed, and non-intersecting lateral bands. These bands ultimately form, from the inside out, a fine-grained concentrate band, a quartz concentrate band, a middlings band, and a potassium feldspar concentrate band at the discharge end of the composite sorting screen 42. These bands then enter their corresponding longitudinal parallel discharge channels and discharge bins, achieving efficient and precise separation of potassium feldspar and quartz. The inner side guides the upward-sloping starting end of the guide channel 43, while the outer side guides the downward-sloping ending end.

[0042] Example 2 The efficient sorting method based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz, as described in Example 1, uses the efficient sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz for sorting, and includes the following steps: S1. The 0.25-6.73mm wide-sized potassium feldspar and quartz mixed ore is fed into the feed bin 411 through the feed inlet 25 at the top of the sorting box 2. The ore is evenly spread onto the surface of the composite sorting screen 42 through the feed inlet between the uniform baffle 412 and the composite sorting screen 42.

[0043] S2. Turn on the water spray component to continuously supply water as the sorting medium along the length of the composite sorting screen plate 42, forming a sorting flow field. The mixed mineral material is fully dispersed into a slurry under the action of the water flow of the water spray component. The slurry moves towards the discharge end under the action of the inclined gravity component of the composite sorting screen plate 42.

[0044] S3, the drive motor 31 drives the eccentric shaft 33 to rotate through the transmission sprocket 322 and the transmission chain 323. The eccentric shaft 33 drives the composite sorting frame 41 and the composite sorting screen plate 42 to perform composite motion, forming a composite sorting force field on the surface of the composite sorting screen plate 42.

[0045] S4. Under the combined action of the composite separation force field and the separation flow field, the slurry moves forward in a leaping manner and passes through the multi-stage guide channels 43 on the screen plate in sequence. It is layered step by step in the separation channel formed by the guide channels 43 to form a fine-grained concentrate zone, a quartz concentrate zone, a mixed ore middlings zone, and a potassium feldspar concentrate zone.

[0046] S5. The fine-grained concentrate belt enters the fine-grained concentrate discharge bin 21 through the fine-grained concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged. The quartz concentrate belt enters the quartz concentrate discharge bin 24 through the quartz concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged. The middlings belt of the mixed ore enters the middlings discharge bin 23 through the middlings discharge channel and is then discharged. The potassium feldspar concentrate belt enters the potassium feldspar concentrate discharge bin 22 through the potassium feldspar concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged.

[0047] The layering mechanism in this embodiment: The slurry leaps forward under the combined action of the triple composite separation force field and the separation flow field, passing through multiple stages of guide channels 43 in sequence. The guide channels 43 forcibly transform the longitudinal feeding motion of the slurry into oblique motion, and the longitudinal feeding velocity is decomposed into a longitudinal feeding component and a lateral offset component.

[0048] Different minerals, due to differences in grain size, specific gravity, and inertia, form clear stratifications: Fine-grained minerals have small particle size and small mass. Under the combined motion, they pass through the gaps between coarse particles and quickly settle to the surface of the screen plate. They slide along the root of the guide channel 43 with minimal lateral offset and are enriched on one side of the starting end of the guide channel 43, forming a fine-grained concentrate zone. Quartz minerals have a high specific gravity, high inertia, and fast longitudinal movement speed. After impacting the guide channel 43, they are blocked and bounced back, making it difficult for them to shift outward. They are enriched in the outer area of ​​the fine-grained concentrate zone, forming the quartz concentrate zone. Potassium feldspar minerals have a lower specific gravity and less inertia, so they slide outward along the inclined surface of the guide channel 43, with the largest lateral displacement, and are enriched on one side of the end of the guide channel 43, forming a potassium feldspar concentrate zone. The incompletely separated mixed minerals, with a lateral offset between quartz and potassium feldspar, remain in the middle region, forming the mid-mineral zone.

[0049] The multi-stage guide channel 43 amplifies the lateral displacement difference step by step, eventually forming four stable dividing zones arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside at the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate 42.

[0050] In this embodiment, the inner side is the starting end side of the guide channel 43 that is inclined upwards, and the outer side is the ending end side of the guide channel 43 that is inclined downwards.

[0051] Four material belts enter their respective discharge channels and fall into their independent discharge bins for continuous discharge, achieving efficient and precise one-time separation of potassium feldspar and quartz.

[0052] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned high-efficiency sorting device and method based on the difference in specific gravity between potassium feldspar and quartz, which can achieve efficient and accurate sorting of minerals with extremely small density differences. It has outstanding advantages such as large processing capacity, low energy consumption, strong adaptability, simple operation, and green environmental protection, and is suitable for industrial promotion and application.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency separation device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz, characterized in that: The system includes a frame, a sorting box, a drive mechanism, and a composite sorting mechanism. The sorting box is fixedly connected to the frame. The composite sorting mechanism is located inside the upper side of the sorting box and is connected to the inner wall of the sorting box through the eccentric shaft of the drive mechanism. The composite sorting mechanism includes a composite sorting frame and a composite sorting screen plate inclined within the composite sorting frame. The composite sorting screen plate is provided with several inclined guide grooves. Several discharge channels are arranged in parallel along the transverse direction at the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate. Several discharge bins are provided at the bottom of the sorting box, and each discharge bin is correspondingly located below a discharge channel.

2. The high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite sorting screen plate is tilted forward and backward and left and right within the composite sorting frame. The forward and backward tilt is such that the height of the feed end of the composite sorting screen plate is higher than the height of the discharge end, and the left and right tilt is such that the height of the side of the composite sorting screen plate near the beginning of the guide channel is lower than the height of the side near the end of the guide channel.

3. The high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide channel includes multiple guide channels, which are arranged at equal intervals along the length of the screen plate. Each guide channel forms an angle of 30°-60° with the discharge direction of the composite sorting screen plate.

4. The high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite sorting mechanism includes several composite sorting screens, which are arranged parallel to each other on the upper side inside the sorting box.

5. The high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission assembly, an eccentric shaft, a bearing housing 1, and a bearing housing 2. The drive motor is located on the outside of the sorting box. The drive motor is connected to the eccentric shaft through the transmission assembly. The eccentric shaft is located on the upper side of the composite sorting frame. The secondary shaft of the eccentric shaft is connected to the composite sorting frame through bearing housing 1. The support shaft of the eccentric shaft is connected to the inner wall of the sorting box through bearing housing 2.

6. The high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to claim 5, characterized in that: The composite sorting frame is symmetrically provided with connecting seat 1 on both sides, and connecting seat 2 is symmetrically provided on the inner wall of the sorting box. Bearing seat 1 is fixedly connected to connecting seat 1, and bearing seat 2 is fixedly connected to connecting seat 2.

7. The high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a drive sprocket, a transmission sprocket, and a transmission chain. The drive sprocket is connected to the output end of the drive motor, the transmission sprocket is fixedly connected to the main shaft of the eccentric shaft, and the drive sprocket is connected to the transmission sprocket via the transmission chain.

8. The high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top side of the sorting box is provided with a feed inlet, and the feed end of the composite sorting frame is provided with a feed bin. The feed bin is located below the feed inlet, and a material leveling baffle is provided on one side of the feed bin. A gap is provided between the material leveling baffle and the composite sorting screen plate to form a material leveling port.

9. The high-efficiency sorting device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge channels include fine concentrate discharge channels, potassium feldspar concentrate discharge channels, middlings discharge channels, and quartz concentrate discharge channels arranged in parallel and transverse directions along the discharge end of the composite sorting screen plate. The discharge bins include fine concentrate discharge bins, potassium feldspar concentrate discharge bins, middlings discharge bins, and quartz concentrate discharge bins arranged corresponding to the discharge channels.

10. A highly efficient sorting method based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz, characterized in that: The separation process using the high-efficiency separation device based on the specific gravity difference between potassium feldspar and quartz as described in any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. The 0.25-6.73mm wide-sized potassium feldspar and quartz mixed ore is fed into the feed bin through the feed inlet at the top of the sorting box. The ore is evenly spread onto the surface of the composite sorting screen plate through the feed inlet between the feed equalization baffle and the composite sorting screen plate. S2. Turn on the water spray assembly to continuously supply water as the sorting medium along the length of the composite sorting screen plate, forming a sorting flow field. The mixed mineral material is fully dispersed into a slurry under the action of the water flow from the water spray assembly. The slurry moves towards the discharge end under the action of the gravity component of the inclined composite sorting screen plate. S3. The drive motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate through the transmission sprocket and transmission chain. The eccentric shaft drives the composite sorting frame and the composite sorting screen plate to perform composite motion, forming a composite sorting force field on the surface of the composite sorting screen plate. S4. Under the combined action of the composite separation force field and the separation flow field, the slurry moves forward in a leaping manner and passes through multiple levels of guide channels on the screen plate in sequence. It is layered step by step in the separation channel formed by the guide channels to form fine-grained concentrate zone, quartz concentrate zone, mixed ore middlings zone, and potassium feldspar concentrate zone. S5. Fine-grained concentrate belt enters the fine-grained concentrate discharge bin through the fine-grained concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged. Quartz concentrate belt enters the quartz concentrate discharge bin through the quartz concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged. Mixed ore middlings belt enters the middlings discharge bin through the middlings discharge channel and is then discharged. Potassium feldspar concentrate belt enters the potassium feldspar concentrate discharge bin through the potassium feldspar concentrate discharge channel and is then discharged.

Images