Stepped gutter with energy dissipation structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure, relating to the fields of water conservancy and construction engineering technology. It includes a drainage ditch body with a drainage plate at the top; drainage holes spaced apart on the drainage plate; a support plate symmetrically installed on opposite side plates inside the drainage ditch body; stepped units sequentially connected to two support plates, each stepped unit including a horizontal platform and a vertical or inclined drop section; and an energy dissipation component fixedly installed on the water-facing surface of the platform, protruding towards the direction of water flow. This invention combines the initial energy dissipation of the stepped structure with the energy dissipation component. The water flow first falls step by step on the continuous steps, being initially broken up and its velocity reduced. Subsequently, the energy dissipation component forcibly blocks and divides the water flow, further consuming the concentrated kinetic energy of the water flow. The energy dissipation efficiency is far higher than that of traditional single-structure drainage ditches, thus improving energy dissipation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and construction engineering technology, specifically to a stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of water conservancy and construction engineering, especially in projects such as dikes, river and lake slopes, soil erosion control, landscaping, and municipal works, drainage ditches are essential infrastructure. Their main function is to collect and guide surface runoff in a timely manner, preventing the disorderly flow of water from causing erosion and damage to slopes, roadbeds, or structures, and even triggering geological disasters such as landslides, thereby ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the main structure of the project.

[0003] Currently, the most common type of drainage ditch in engineering projects adopts a straight or smooth curved bottom design. This design can effectively guide drainage flow in situations with gentle slopes and small water flows. However, when applied to steep slopes with significant elevation differences, this smooth, continuous ditch bottom causes the water flow to continuously accelerate under gravity, eventually forming a high-speed water flow with extremely high velocity and enormous kinetic energy. This high-speed water flow causes severe scouring damage to the drainage ditch itself, its outlet energy dissipation facilities, and the downstream receiving water body, resulting in poor energy dissipation and scouring effects. Furthermore, the enormous kinetic energy directly threatens the safety and stability of the downstream environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure to solve the problem that in the prior art, straight or smooth arc-shaped drainage ditches in steep slope terrain suffer severe scouring and damage and have poor energy dissipation effect due to the continuous acceleration of water flow to form a high-speed water flow.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure, comprising a drainage ditch body, wherein a drainage plate is provided on the top of the drainage ditch body;

[0006] Drainage holes are spaced apart on the drainage plate;

[0007] The support plates are symmetrically installed on the opposite side plates inside the drainage ditch body;

[0008] The stepped units are sequentially connected and installed on the two support plates. Each stepped unit includes a horizontal platform and a vertical or inclined drop section.

[0009] An energy dissipation component is fixedly installed on the water-facing surface of the platform, and the energy dissipation component protrudes in the direction of water flow.

[0010] A water baffle is fixedly installed on the drop section of the stepped unit. The water baffle is distributed at intervals along the drop section, and its height gradually increases along the water flow direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the drainage ditch body is a prefabricated integral reinforced concrete component, engineering plastic component, or fiber-reinforced composite material component, and the vertical cross-section of the drainage ditch body is concave; the drainage board is a prefabricated integral reinforced concrete component, and the top surface of the drainage board is arc-shaped.

[0012] Furthermore, the top of the two opposite side plates of the drainage ditch body is provided with a placement groove, the vertical cross section of the placement groove is "L" shaped, and the bottom of the drainage board is symmetrically fixedly connected with an overlapping plate, the vertical cross section of the overlapping plate is an inverted "L" shaped, and the overlapping plate cooperates with the placement groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the vertical cross-section of the bearing plate is "L" shaped, the bottom of the "L" shaped transverse section of the bearing plate is in contact with the inner bottom surface of the drainage ditch body, and the "L" shaped transverse section of the bearing plate is provided with locking members distributed at intervals, the locking members passing through the bearing plate and being screwed into and fixed on the drainage ditch body.

[0014] Furthermore, the support plate is distributed in a downward stepped manner along the water flow direction, the top of the support plate is provided with support grooves that are spaced apart along its length direction, the bottom of the platform part of the stepped unit is provided with spaced mating blocks, the mating blocks are inserted into the support grooves, the height of the stepped unit increases step by step along the water flow direction, and a waterproof sealing strip is provided between two adjacent stepped units.

[0015] Furthermore, the energy dissipation component is a stress dissipation block, which is a frustum-shaped protrusion fixedly installed on the platform, and multiple stress dissipation blocks are distributed alternately on the platform.

[0016] Furthermore, the energy dissipation component is a toothed threshold, which is a continuous sawtooth-shaped protrusion structure disposed on the top of the platform portion, and its tooth cross-section is trapezoidal. The toothed thresholds are distributed alternately at intervals on the top of the platform portion.

[0017] Furthermore, the energy dissipation component is an orifice plate, which is installed at intervals on the top of the platform. The height of the orifice plate gradually increases along the water flow direction. The orifice plate is provided with intermittently distributed leakage holes along its length direction, and the leakage holes on adjacent orifice plates are intermittently distributed.

[0018] Furthermore, the drainage ditch body is provided with an energy dissipation pool inside, which is located below the bottommost step unit of the drainage ditch body.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure. This invention transforms a continuous steep slope into a multi-tiered waterfall through stepped units. The protruding energy dissipation components on the platform (such as stilling piers, toothed sills, or perforated plates) work in conjunction with the progressively increasing water-blocking plates on the waterfall sections, increasing water flow resistance and gradually and fully dissipating the potential and kinetic energy of the water flow within the ditch. This not only effectively curbs water flow acceleration and solves the problem of scouring and damage to the ditch itself and downstream areas caused by high-speed water flow, but also achieves rapid construction and flexible adaptation through modular and prefabricated structural design (such as the overlapping and locking of the drainage ditch body, drainage plates, bearing plates, and stepped units), significantly improving the energy dissipation efficiency, structural safety, and engineering economy of the drainage ditch in steep terrain. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the drainage ditch body and the stepped unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the drainage ditch body and the drainage board provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the drainage ditch body and the drainage board provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of components such as the support plate and the stepped unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of components such as the tooth sill provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of components such as the perforated plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0028] 1. Drainage ditch body; 2. Drainage board; 3. Drainage hole; 4. Bearing plate; 5. Step unit; 501. Platform section; 502. Waterfall section; 6. Energy dissipation component; 601. Energy dissipation pier; 602. Toothed sill; 603. Orifice plate; 7. Water baffle; 8. Locking component; 9. Bearing groove; 10. Matching block; 11. Waterproof sealing strip; 12. Leakage hole; 13. Energy dissipation pool; 14. Placement groove; 15. Overlap plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3 As shown:

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] The present invention provides a stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure, including a drainage ditch body 1, wherein a drainage plate 2 is provided on the top of the drainage ditch body 1;

[0033] Drainage holes 3 are spaced out on the drainage plate 2;

[0034] The support plate 4 is symmetrically installed on the inner opposite side plates of the drainage ditch body 1;

[0035] Step units 5 are sequentially connected and installed on two support plates 4. Each step unit 5 includes a horizontal platform part 501 and a vertical or inclined drop part 502.

[0036] Energy dissipation component 6 is fixedly installed on the water-facing surface of the platform part 501, and the energy dissipation component 6 protrudes in the direction of water flow.

[0037] A water baffle 7 is fixedly installed on the drop section 502 of the stepped unit 5. The water baffle 7 is distributed at intervals along the drop section 502, and its height gradually increases along the water flow direction.

[0038] It should be noted that by using stepped units 5 to transform a continuous steep slope into a multi-tiered waterfall, the energy dissipation components 6 protruding on the platform section 501 (such as stilling blocks 601, toothed sills 602, or perforated plates 603) work in conjunction with the water-blocking plates 7 of increasing height on the waterfall section 502, increasing the resistance to water flow and gradually and fully dissipating the potential and kinetic energy of the water flow within the ditch. This not only effectively curbs water flow acceleration and solves the problem of scouring and damage to the ditch itself and downstream by high-speed water flow, but also achieves rapid construction and flexible adaptation through modular and prefabricated structural design (such as the overlapping and locking of the drainage ditch body 1, drainage plate 2, bearing plate 4, and stepped units 5), significantly improving the energy dissipation efficiency, structural safety, and engineering economy of the drainage ditch in steep terrain.

[0039] In this embodiment: the drainage ditch body 1 is a prefabricated integral reinforced concrete component, engineering plastic component or fiber reinforced composite material component, the vertical cross section of the drainage ditch body 1 is concave, the drainage board 2 is a prefabricated integral reinforced concrete component, and the top surface of the drainage board 2 is arc-shaped.

[0040] It should be noted that the prefabricated integrated molding process ensures precise component dimensions, stable quality, high strength, and good durability. The concave cross-section of the drainage ditch body 1 has excellent hydraulic performance and structural stability, effectively guiding and accommodating water flow. The top surface of the drainage board 2 is designed with an arc shape, which is both aesthetically pleasing and helps guide surface water smoothly into the drainage hole 3, avoiding local water accumulation.

[0041] In this embodiment: the top of the two opposite side plates of the drainage ditch body 1 is provided with a placement groove 14, the vertical cross section of the placement groove 14 is "L" shaped, and the bottom of the drainage board 2 is symmetrically fixedly connected with an overlapping plate 15, the vertical cross section of the overlapping plate 15 is an inverted "L" shaped, and the overlapping plate 15 cooperates with the placement groove 14.

[0042] It should be noted that the "L"-shaped placement groove 14 and the inverted "L"-shaped overlapping plate 15 form an efficient socket connection, which makes the installation and disassembly of the drainage board 2 quick and easy, without the need for complicated tools, thus improving construction efficiency. At the same time, this connection method provides convenience for subsequent maintenance and replacement, and through precise prefabrication matching, it ensures the flatness and stability of the drainage board 2 after installation.

[0043] In this embodiment: the vertical section of the bearing plate 4 is "L" shaped, the bottom of the "L" shaped horizontal section of the bearing plate 4 is in contact with the inner bottom surface of the drainage ditch body 1, and the "L" shaped horizontal section of the bearing plate 4 is provided with locking members 8 distributed at intervals. The locking members 8 pass through the bearing plate 4 and are screwed into and fixed on the drainage ditch body 1.

[0044] It should be noted that the design of the "L"-shaped bearing plate 4 enables it to provide lateral support for the stepped unit 5 through the vertical section, and to effectively transfer the vertical load to the bottom of the trench through the horizontal section. The locking component 8 uses chemical anchors or expansion bolts to provide reliable anti-buoyancy and anti-thrust capabilities, ensuring the overall stability and safety of the entire stepped energy dissipation system under the impact of high-speed water flow, and preventing it from shifting or floating.

[0045] In this embodiment: the support plate 4 is distributed in a downward stepped manner along the water flow direction, the top of the support plate 4 is provided with support grooves 9 distributed at intervals along its length direction, the bottom end of the platform part 501 of the stepped unit 5 is provided with mating blocks 10 distributed at intervals, the mating blocks 10 are inserted into the support grooves 9, the height of the stepped unit 5 increases step by step along the water flow direction, and a waterproof sealing strip 11 is provided between two adjacent stepped units 5.

[0046] It should be noted that the insertion design of the bearing groove 9 and the mating block 10 enables the precise positioning and rapid installation of the step unit 5, ensuring that the drop height of each step meets the design requirements. Moreover, if the step unit 5 is damaged later, it can be directly removed from the bearing plate 4, which improves the maintenance efficiency of the step unit 5.

[0047] The waterproof sealing strip 11 is made of rubber or water-swellable sealing strip, and is fixed to the joint of the stepped unit 5 by adhesive or slotting.

[0048] The height of the stepped unit 5 increases gradually to adapt to the acceleration process of water flow, so that the energy dissipation intensity increases synchronously with the kinetic energy of the water flow, achieving a more balanced energy dissipation effect. The waterproof sealing strip 11 effectively prevents water from seeping through the unit joints, avoids erosion of the soil behind the trench, and ensures long-term drainage safety.

[0049] In this embodiment: the energy dissipation component 6 is a stress dissipation block 601, which is a frustum-shaped protrusion fixedly disposed on the platform 501, and multiple stress dissipation blocks 601 are alternately distributed on the platform 501.

[0050] It should be noted that by designing the frustum-shaped stilling basin 601 structure, the water flow can be effectively divided and blocked, forming a large-scale vortex zone behind it. Multiple stilling basins 601 are distributed alternately, forcing the water flow to undergo violent turning, collision, and friction on the surface of the platform 501, further increasing the water flow resistance, thereby converting the kinetic energy of the water flow into turbulent energy and dissipating it. This arrangement has high energy dissipation efficiency and a simple and durable structure.

[0051] As attached Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figure 5:

[0052] Example 2:

[0053] In this embodiment: the energy dissipation component 6 is a toothed sill 602, which is a continuous sawtooth-shaped protrusion structure provided on the top of the platform 501. Its tooth cross section is trapezoidal, and the toothed sill 602 is distributed alternately at intervals on the top of the platform 501.

[0054] It should be noted that the toothed sill 602, as a continuous linear energy dissipation structure, can continuously lift, cut, and project water flow. Its trapezoidal cross-section structure is stable and not easily damaged. The alternating, spaced toothed sills 602 force the water flow to undergo intense mixing in both the transverse and longitudinal directions, significantly increasing the flow surface area and frictional resistance, and incorporating a large amount of air, thus dissipating energy through water-air mixing. Its energy dissipation effect is uniform and continuous, making it particularly suitable for high-flow-rate conditions.

[0055] As attached Figure 1, 3 As shown in Figure 6:

[0056] Example 3:

[0057] In this embodiment: the energy dissipation component 6 is an orifice plate 603, the orifice plate 603 is installed at intervals on the top of the platform part 501, the height of the orifice plate 603 gradually increases along the water flow direction, and the orifice plate 603 is provided with water leakage holes 12 distributed at intervals along its length direction, and the water leakage holes 12 on two adjacent orifice plates 603 are distributed at intervals.

[0058] It should be noted that the orifice plate 603 "screens" and blocks the water flow through its drainage holes 12. The progressively increasing height design enhances the blocking effect on the water flow, matching the acceleration process. The staggered distribution of the drainage holes 12 on adjacent orifice plates 603 forces the water flow to repeatedly change its path to pass through, further increasing the flow rate and head loss, thus efficiently dissipating energy. This structure, while dissipating energy, also plays a role in trapping debris and impeding floating objects.

[0059] In this embodiment: the drainage ditch body 1 is provided with a stilling pool 13 inside, and the stilling pool 13 is located below the bottommost end step unit 5 of the drainage ditch body 1.

[0060] It should be noted that the stilling basin 13 is a pool-shaped structure formed by deepening downwards and / or widening to both sides at the end of the drainage ditch body 1. As the final barrier in the entire drainage energy dissipation system, the stilling basin 13 is used to receive and ultimately dissipate the remaining energy of the water flow discharged from the end stepped unit 5. By forming a hydraulic jump or increasing the depth of the water cushion, it smoothly transforms high-speed water flow into a slow flow, which is then discharged into downstream rivers or pipe networks, further solving the outlet scouring problem and ensuring the safety of the downstream environment.

[0061] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure, characterized in that, include: The drainage ditch body (1) is provided with a drainage board (2) on the top of the drainage ditch body (1). Drainage holes (3) are spaced out on the drainage plate (2); The bearing plate (4) is symmetrically installed on the opposite side plates inside the drainage ditch body (1); The step unit (5) is sequentially connected and installed on the two bearing plates (4). Each step unit (5) includes a horizontal platform (501) and a vertical or inclined drop section (502). Energy dissipation component (6) is fixedly installed on the water-facing surface of the platform part (501), and the energy dissipation component (6) protrudes in the direction of water flow. A water baffle (7) is fixedly installed on the drop section (502) of the stepped unit (5). The water baffle (7) is distributed at intervals along the drop section (502), and its height gradually increases along the direction of water flow.

2. The stepped drainage ditch with energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage ditch body (1) is a prefabricated integral reinforced concrete component, engineering plastic component or fiber reinforced composite material component. The vertical cross section of the drainage ditch body (1) is concave. The drainage board (2) is a prefabricated integral reinforced concrete component. The top surface of the drainage board (2) is arc-shaped.

3. A stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drainage ditch body (1) has two opposite side plates with placement grooves (14) on the top. The vertical cross section of the placement groove (14) is "L". The bottom of the drainage board (2) is symmetrically fixed with overlapping plates (15). The vertical cross section of the overlapping plate (15) is an inverted "L". The overlapping plate (15) and the placement groove (14) cooperate with each other.

4. A stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical section of the bearing plate (4) is "L" shaped. The bottom of the "L" shaped horizontal section of the bearing plate (4) is in contact with the inner bottom surface of the drainage ditch body (1). The "L" shaped horizontal section of the bearing plate (4) is provided with locking members (8) distributed at intervals. The locking members (8) pass through the bearing plate (4) and are screwed into and fixed on the drainage ditch body (1).

5. A stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support plate (4) is distributed in a downward stepped manner along the water flow direction. The top of the support plate (4) is provided with support grooves (9) that are spaced apart along its length direction. The bottom of the platform part (501) of the stepped unit (5) is provided with mating blocks (10) that are spaced apart. The mating blocks (10) are inserted into the support grooves (9). The height of the stepped unit (5) increases step by step along the water flow direction. A waterproof sealing strip (11) is provided between two adjacent stepped units (5).

6. A stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy dissipation component (6) is a stress dissipation block (601), which is a frustum-shaped protrusion fixedly installed on the platform (501), and multiple stress dissipation blocks (601) are distributed alternately on the platform (501).

7. A stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation component (6) is a toothed sill (602), which is a continuous sawtooth-shaped protrusion structure provided on the top of the platform (501). Its toothed cross section is trapezoidal, and the toothed sill (602) is distributed alternately on the top of the platform (501).

8. A stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation component (6) is an orifice plate (603). The orifice plates (603) are installed at intervals on the top of the platform (501). The height of the orifice plates (603) gradually increases along the water flow direction. The orifice plates (603) are provided with intermittently distributed drainage holes (12) along their length direction. The drainage holes (12) on two adjacent orifice plates (603) are intermittently distributed.

9. A stepped drainage ditch with an energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage ditch body (1) is provided with an energy dissipation pool (13) inside, which is located below the end step unit (5) at the bottom of the drainage ditch body (1).

10. A drainage energy dissipation system, characterized in that: It includes multiple stepped drainage ditches with energy dissipation structures as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the multiple drainage ditch bodies (1) are connected end to end.

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