Hybrid energy storage coordinated control system and method based on real-time current detection

Abstract

The application relates to a hybrid energy storage coordination control system and method based on real-time current detection. The system comprises a super capacitor group for providing or absorbing transient power; a lithium battery group for providing or absorbing continuous power; a one-way control unit for selecting only a charging path, only a discharging path or a disconnected state between a DC bus and the super capacitor group in response to a control signal; a current limiting unit connected in series between the DC bus and the lithium battery group, comprising a main switch path and at least one current limiting bypass formed by a current limiting switch and a current limiting resistor in series; a current detection unit connected in series to the DC bus for real-time detection of the size and direction of the DC loop current; and an adjustment controller for executing control decisions including charging coordination, discharging coordination and standby scheduling according to the size and direction of the DC loop current. The method can realize efficient energy recovery, smooth power grid impact and prolong equipment life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage management technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium and computer program product for coordinated control of hybrid energy storage based on real-time current detection. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by the national "dual carbon" goals, high-energy-consuming equipment such as elevators, cranes, and oil pumps are being upgraded towards energy conservation. These devices generate a significant amount of regenerative braking energy during operation. Statistics show that elevators nationwide consume over 26 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, indicating enormous potential for energy recovery.

[0003] The current mainstream solutions have significant drawbacks: First, energy is wasted through braking resistors, resulting in poor energy-saving performance. Second, energy is directly fed back to the grid through energy feedback devices, but the equipment investment is high, the conversion efficiency is low, and large feedback power can impact the grid. Third, energy is recovered using energy storage devices (such as lithium batteries or supercapacitors), but each single energy storage solution has its limitations. Lithium batteries have low power density and slow response (parameter adjustment has a delay of 0.3-1 second), making them unsuitable for transient processes such as elevator start-stop (response time is only 0.5-2 seconds). Although supercapacitors have a fast response, their low energy density cannot support long-term power supply.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a hybrid energy storage coordinated control method, device, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium and computer program product based on real-time current detection, which can achieve efficient energy recovery, smooth grid impact, and extend equipment life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a hybrid energy storage coordinated control method, device, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product based on real-time current detection that can achieve efficient energy recovery, smooth grid impact, and extend equipment life, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a hybrid energy storage coordinated control system based on real-time current detection, comprising:

[0007] Supercapacitor banks are used to provide or absorb instantaneous power;

[0008] Lithium-ion battery packs are used to provide or absorb continuous power;

[0009] A unidirectional control unit, with its high-voltage end connected to the DC bus and its low-voltage end connected to the supercapacitor bank, is used to select a charging-only path, a discharging-only path, or an open state between the DC bus and the supercapacitor bank in response to a control signal.

[0010] A current limiting unit is connected in series between the DC bus and the lithium battery pack, including a main switch path and at least one current limiting bypass consisting of a current limiting switch and a current limiting resistor connected in series.

[0011] A current detection unit is connected in series with the DC bus to detect the magnitude and direction of the DC circuit current in real time.

[0012] The regulating controller is electrically connected to the current detection unit, the unidirectional control unit, and the current limiting unit, respectively; it is used to execute control decisions including charging coordination, discharging coordination, and standby scheduling based on the magnitude and direction of the DC circuit current.

[0013] In one embodiment, the regulating controller is specifically used to dynamically select to connect the main switch path or connect the current-limiting bypass with a preset resistance value based on the difference between the DC circuit current and the real-time maximum allowable charge and discharge current of the lithium battery pack, so as to perform multi-level current limiting control.

[0014] In one embodiment, the unidirectional control unit includes symmetrically arranged bidirectional switching units, one end of which is connected to the DC bus and the other end of which is connected to the positive or negative terminal of the supercapacitor bank; each bidirectional switching unit includes a controlled switch transistor and a diode connected in reverse parallel with the controlled switch transistor.

[0015] In one embodiment, the current detection unit includes a sampling resistor connected in series in the DC bus circuit. The resistance value of the sampling resistor is calculated and determined based on the maximum total power required to be carried by the DC bus, the minimum operating voltage of the DC bus, and the preset maximum power consumption of the sampling resistor.

[0016] In one embodiment, the system further includes at least one shutdown circuit, each of which is connected in series in the DC bus branch of the corresponding load, for disconnecting or closing the power supply circuit of the corresponding load under the control of the regulating controller.

[0017] Secondly, this application also provides a hybrid energy storage coordinated control method based on real-time current detection, including:

[0018] Real-time acquisition of the magnitude and direction of current in the DC bus circuit;

[0019] Based on the magnitude and direction of the current, control decisions are made, including charging coordination, discharging coordination, and standby scheduling; wherein...

[0020] The control decision for charging coordination includes prioritizing the supercapacitor bank to absorb regenerative energy, and controlling the lithium battery bank to absorb the remaining regenerative energy when the upper limit of charging capacity is reached.

[0021] The control decision for discharge coordination includes prioritizing the supercapacitor bank to provide instantaneous power and simultaneously controlling the lithium battery bank to provide continuous power.

[0022] The standby scheduling control decision includes controlling the transfer of energy from the supercapacitor bank to the lithium battery bank.

[0023] In one embodiment, the control decision for charging coordination specifically includes:

[0024] Determine whether the magnitude of the current in the DC bus circuit is greater than a preset first threshold and whether the current direction is from the load end to the DC bus;

[0025] If so, then a charging-only path is established for the supercapacitor bank;

[0026] Determine whether the supercapacitor bank has reached its current maximum charging capacity.

[0027] If so, the current limiting unit is activated to guide the remaining regenerative current to the lithium battery pack.

[0028] In one embodiment, the control decision for discharge coordination specifically includes:

[0029] Determine whether the magnitude of the current in the DC bus circuit is greater than a preset second threshold and whether the current direction is from the DC bus to the load end;

[0030] If so, then establish a discharge-only path for the supercapacitor bank;

[0031] The synchronous control current limiting unit enables the lithium battery pack to discharge at a current value that does not exceed its current maximum allowable discharge current.

[0032] In one embodiment, the standby scheduling control decision specifically includes:

[0033] Determine whether the absolute value of the current in the DC bus circuit is less than a preset third threshold.

[0034] If so, then establish a discharge-only path for the supercapacitor bank;

[0035] The comparison results are obtained by comparing the current maximum allowable discharge current of the supercapacitor bank with the current maximum allowable charging current of the lithium battery bank.

[0036] Based on the comparison results, the current limiting unit controls the transfer of energy from the supercapacitor bank to the lithium battery bank.

[0037] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0038] When controlling the lithium battery pack to charge or discharge, a multi-level current limiting strategy is dynamically selected based on the difference between the current in the DC bus circuit and the real-time maximum allowable charge / discharge current of the lithium battery pack to limit the current flowing to or from the lithium battery pack.

[0039] The aforementioned hybrid energy storage coordinated control system and method based on real-time current detection adopts a hybrid energy storage architecture consisting of a supercapacitor bank and a lithium battery bank, and is configured with a coordinated control system including a unidirectional control unit, a current limiting unit, a high-precision current detection unit, and a regulating controller. By detecting the magnitude and direction of the DC loop current in real time, the instantaneous power demand changes of the load can be accurately sensed; by controlling the supercapacitor bank to establish a charging-only or discharging-only path through the unidirectional control unit, the supercapacitor bank is ensured to respond to instantaneous power with priority and speed, effectively mitigating grid impacts; by adaptively adjusting the charging and discharging current of the lithium battery bank through the current limiting unit, a stable continuous power supply is achieved while ensuring the safety and lifespan of the lithium battery; through active energy transfer during standby scheduling, the energy state of the two energy storage elements is optimized, preparing for subsequent power fluctuations, and significantly improving the overall response speed, energy recovery efficiency, and equipment lifespan of the hybrid energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a hybrid energy storage coordinated control system based on real-time current detection in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a unidirectional control unit in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the current limiting unit in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a hybrid energy storage coordinated control method based on real-time current detection in one embodiment.

[0045] Figure 5 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application can be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the first element from the second element. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, used in this application, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The term "multiple" used in this application refers to two or more. The term "and / or" used in this application refers to one of the embodiments, or any combination of multiple embodiments.

[0048] In one exemplary embodiment, a hybrid energy storage coordinated control system based on real-time current detection is provided, comprising:

[0049] Supercapacitor banks are used to provide or absorb instantaneous power;

[0050] Lithium-ion battery packs are used to provide or absorb continuous power;

[0051] The unidirectional control unit connects the high-voltage end to the DC bus and the low-voltage end to the supercapacitor bank. It is used to select a charging-only path, a discharging-only path, or an open state between the DC bus and the supercapacitor bank in response to a control signal.

[0052] A current limiting unit is connected in series between the DC bus and the lithium battery pack, including a main switch path and at least one current limiting bypass consisting of a current limiting switch and a current limiting resistor connected in series.

[0053] A current detection unit is connected in series with the DC bus to detect the magnitude and direction of the DC loop current in real time.

[0054] The regulating controller is electrically connected to the current detection unit, the unidirectional control unit, and the current limiting unit, respectively; it is used to execute control decisions including charging coordination, discharging coordination, and standby scheduling based on the magnitude and direction of the DC circuit current.

[0055] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a circuit structure diagram of a hybrid energy storage coordinated control system based on real-time current detection, in which the lithium battery pack... Figure 1 The supercapacitor bank is characterized by "B+" and "B-". Figure 1 The expression is "C+ and C-".

[0056] The current limiting unit includes a main switch path Kt, a current limiting resistor Rs, and a current limiting switch Ks, and has at least one current limiting bypass for limiting the current magnitude for charging and discharging the lithium battery.

[0057] Each load-side inverter DC bus is equipped with a switch structure K1~Kn for controlling and protecting each load.

[0058] The current detection unit is connected in series to the DC bus to detect the current magnitude in the DC circuit and serves as the basis for energy-saving control methods. A high-precision sampling resistor R is connected in series at the main connection port at the load end (n frequency converters). The selection method for this sampling resistor is as follows:

[0059] S1: Given the maximum power of n frequency converters , i is any one of the n frequency converters; the DC bus voltage range of the frequency converter is within Limit the power consumption of the sampling resistor. .

[0060] S2: The maximum power of n frequency converters acting together on the DC bus. , It is the power factor.

[0061] The minimum voltage on the DC bus is , It is the minimum value among the minimum DC bus voltages of n frequency converters, that is... Therefore, the maximum current of the DC bus is... .

[0062] S3: Sampling resistor value , It is the power consumption factor.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, the unidirectional control unit is used to control the charging and discharging operation of the supercapacitor by the DC bus. It includes two units, the positive and negative terminals of the supercapacitor. Each unit includes a switch Q and a unidirectional conducting device D. The switch Q is controlled to open / close to control the supercapacitor to charge or discharge only.

[0064] The regulator is used to monitor the operating data of the cells in the lithium battery pack and the supercapacitor pack in real time. Based on the hybrid energy storage energy-saving control method, it controls the coordinated operation of the supercapacitor pack, lithium battery pack and current limiting unit to achieve effective energy saving.

[0065] The aforementioned hybrid energy storage coordinated control system based on real-time current detection adopts a hybrid energy storage architecture consisting of a supercapacitor bank and a lithium battery bank, and is configured with a coordinated control system including a unidirectional control unit, a current limiting unit, a high-precision current detection unit, and a regulating controller. By detecting the magnitude and direction of the DC loop current in real time, it can accurately sense changes in the instantaneous power demand of the load; by controlling the supercapacitor bank to establish a charging-only or discharging-only path through the unidirectional control unit, it ensures the supercapacitor's priority and rapid response to instantaneous power, effectively mitigating grid impacts; by adaptively adjusting the charging and discharging current of the lithium battery bank through the current limiting unit, it achieves a stable continuous power supply while ensuring the safety and lifespan of the lithium battery; through active energy transfer during standby scheduling, it optimizes the energy state of the two energy storage elements, preparing for subsequent power fluctuations, and significantly improving the overall response speed, energy recovery efficiency, and equipment lifespan of the hybrid energy storage system.

[0066] In one exemplary embodiment, the regulating controller is specifically configured to dynamically select whether to connect the main switch path or the current-limiting bypass with a preset resistance value based on the difference between the DC circuit current and the real-time maximum allowable charge and discharge current of the lithium battery pack, so as to perform multi-level current limiting control.

[0067] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the current limiting unit can include two schemes: a single-stage current limiting unit and a three-stage current limiting unit. The single-stage current limiting unit can only limit the current to a fixed magnitude, while the three-stage current limiting unit can limit the current in the circuit to the required current range, reducing unnecessary energy loss.

[0068] The controller calculates the difference between the DC loop current and the current maximum allowable charge / discharge current of the lithium battery in real time. When it detects that the lithium battery needs to be charged or discharged, the controller intelligently selects different current paths based on the magnitude of this difference: if the difference is within the lithium battery's safe range (i.e., the loop current does not exceed the lithium battery's maximum allowable current), the main switch is turned on, allowing the current to pass through with minimal resistance; if the loop current exceeds the lithium battery's safe range, the controller selects an appropriate current-limiting bypass based on the degree of exceedance. Different resistance values ​​of the current-limiting bypass correspond to different current-limiting levels, with higher resistance values ​​resulting in stronger current-limiting effects.

[0069] In this embodiment, this dynamic selection mechanism achieves a smooth transition from unrestricted current flow to multi-level current limiting, ensuring that the lithium battery always operates within a safe current range while minimizing unnecessary energy loss. Compared to traditional fixed current limiting or all-or-nothing protection, this significantly improves the system's energy utilization efficiency and operational safety.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the unidirectional control unit includes symmetrically arranged bidirectional switching units, one end of which is connected to a DC bus and the other end of which is connected to the positive or negative terminal of a supercapacitor bank; each bidirectional switching unit includes a controlled switch transistor and a diode connected in reverse parallel with the controlled switch transistor.

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, the structure of the unidirectional control unit can be an intelligent bidirectional energy switching device. Each bidirectional switching unit consists of a controlled switching transistor (such as a MOSFET or IGBT) and a diode connected in anti-parallel. When the supercapacitor needs charging, the controller turns on the switching transistor connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor while keeping the negative terminal switching transistor off. At this time, current can flow into the supercapacitor through the forward path. When the supercapacitor needs discharging, the controller turns on the switching transistor connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor while keeping the positive terminal switching transistor off. At this time, current can flow out of the supercapacitor through the reverse path. The anti-parallel diode provides a natural current freewheeling path, ensuring the safe flow of energy during switching.

[0072] In this embodiment, the unidirectional energy selection function of the supercapacitor, which can be "charged only" or "discharged only", can be reliably realized by the coordinated control of two switching transistors. This avoids cross interference between charging and discharging paths and achieves the most precise energy flow control through the simplest topology. At the same time, the presence of diodes also enhances the reliability of the system.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, the current detection unit includes a sampling resistor connected in series in the DC bus circuit. The resistance value of the sampling resistor is calculated and determined based on the maximum total power required to be carried by the DC bus, the minimum operating voltage of the DC bus, and the preset maximum power consumption of the sampling resistor.

[0074] Specifically, as mentioned above, the calculation logic for the sampling resistor value of the current detection unit is based on three key parameters: first, determining the maximum total power that the DC bus needs to withstand (covering the peak power requirements of all loads); second, identifying the lowest possible voltage value of the DC bus during system operation (which determines the maximum current condition); and finally, setting the maximum allowable power consumption limit of the sampling resistor itself (to ensure that excessive heat does not affect measurement accuracy and system efficiency). The theoretical maximum current is obtained by dividing the maximum total power by the minimum operating voltage, and then calculated using the power formula (P=I0). 2 The optimal resistor value that satisfies the power consumption limit can be derived by working backward from R.

[0075] In this embodiment, this design method ensures that the sampling resistor meets the current detection accuracy requirements while avoiding both insufficient detection signal due to excessively small resistance and unnecessary energy loss or overheating risk due to excessively large resistance. This achieves a triple optimization balance between detection accuracy, system efficiency, and thermal management.

[0076] In one exemplary embodiment, the system further includes at least one shutdown circuit, each shutdown circuit being connected in series in the DC bus branch of the corresponding load, for disconnecting or closing the power supply circuit of the corresponding load under the control of the regulating controller.

[0077] Specifically, as mentioned earlier, each load branch has an independent shutdown circuit (K1~Kn), which is equivalent to equipping each load with a dedicated switch. Under the unified command of the regulating controller, these switches can be independently controlled according to the system status and load requirements. When a load malfunctions, requires maintenance, or the system enters a specific operating mode (such as standby power dispatch), the controller can precisely cut off the power supply to the corresponding branch without interrupting the entire system.

[0078] In this embodiment, the impact of a single fault on the overall operation is avoided, and more flexible operating space is provided for energy management strategies. For example, when transferring energy from the supercapacitor to the lithium battery, all load circuits can be temporarily disconnected to ensure the efficiency and safety of energy transfer.

[0079] The modules in the aforementioned hybrid energy storage coordinated control device based on real-time current detection can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device, or stored in the memory of a computer device as software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0080] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a hybrid energy storage coordination control device based on real-time current detection for implementing the hybrid energy storage coordination control method based on real-time current detection described above. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations of one or more embodiments of the hybrid energy storage coordination control device based on real-time current detection provided below can be found in the limitations of the hybrid energy storage coordination control method based on real-time current detection described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, a hybrid energy storage coordinated control method based on real-time current detection is provided. Taking the application of this method to a server as an example, the method includes the following steps S402 to S404. Wherein:

[0082] Step S402: Real-time acquisition of the magnitude and direction of the current in the DC bus circuit;

[0083] Step S404: Based on the magnitude and direction of the current, execute control decisions including charging coordination, discharging coordination, and standby scheduling; the control decisions for charging coordination include prioritizing the supercapacitor bank to absorb regenerative energy, and controlling the lithium battery bank to absorb the remaining regenerative energy when the charging capacity limit is reached; the control decisions for discharging coordination include prioritizing the supercapacitor bank to provide instantaneous power, and simultaneously controlling the lithium battery bank to provide continuous power; the control decisions for standby scheduling include controlling the supercapacitor bank to transfer energy to the lithium battery bank.

[0084] The relationship between the rate capability (C) and voltage / SOC of a lithium battery is as follows: ,in , These are weighting coefficients;

[0085] When a lithium battery is charging, the higher its capacity / voltage ratio, the lower the allowable charging current; when a lithium battery is discharging, the higher its capacity / voltage ratio, the higher the allowable discharging current.

[0086] The relationship between the charge / discharge rate C and voltage of a supercapacitor is as follows: ;

[0087] When a supercapacitor is charging, the higher its voltage, the smaller the allowable charging current; when a supercapacitor is discharging, the higher its voltage, the larger the allowable discharging current.

[0088] Specifically, by monitoring the absolute value of the DC bus current in real time, the instantaneous power demand intensity can be accurately quantified, for example, to distinguish between the 300A regenerative current generated when the elevator brakes and the 50A current under light load; at the same time, the direction of energy flow is identified by polarity, with positive current representing motor power consumption and negative current representing regenerative power generation.

[0089] Based on real-time data, intelligent ternary state decision-making is implemented: when a negative high current is detected, the charging coordination mode is immediately activated, prioritizing the supercapacitor to absorb energy spikes with millisecond-level response. Only when the supercapacitor reaches its charging capacity limit is the lithium battery activated to absorb the remaining stable energy, achieving gradient recovery of high-frequency transient energy and low-frequency continuous energy; when a positive high current is detected, the discharge coordination mode is entered, prioritizing the supercapacitor to handle instantaneous power peaks while adjusting the lithium battery to provide safe and sustainable basic power, completing the spatiotemporal decoupling of power response; when the current approaches zero, the standby scheduling mode is activated, actively transferring the redundant energy of the supercapacitor to the lithium battery. The current limiting level is dynamically adjusted by comparing the maximum allowable current of the two, optimizing the energy storage state during system idle periods.

[0090] Each decision mode corresponds to the precise coordination of hardware modules: during charging, the switching timing of the unidirectional gating module and the resistance value selection of the adjustable current limiting module need to be matched; during discharging, the discharge curve of the supercapacitor and the current limiting parameters of the lithium battery need to be dynamically adjusted according to the load demand; during standby, the energy transfer rate needs to be closed-loop controlled based on real-time states such as voltage, temperature and SOC.

[0091] In this embodiment, the passive voltage-following control of traditional hybrid energy storage systems is upgraded to active predictive coordination based on real-time current sensing. By employing a timing strategy that prioritizes supercapacitors and uses lithium batteries as backup, the time mismatch between lithium battery response delay and instantaneous load fluctuations is effectively resolved. Functional division of labor based on the dynamic characteristics of energy storage components achieves an optimal combination of power density and energy density. The standby scheduling mechanism ensures that the supercapacitors are always in optimal response condition through active energy transfer.

[0092] In one exemplary embodiment, the control decision for charging coordination specifically includes:

[0093] Determine whether the magnitude of the current in the DC bus circuit is greater than a preset first threshold and whether the current direction is from the load end to the DC bus.

[0094] If so, then establish a charging-only path for the supercapacitor bank;

[0095] Determine whether the supercapacitor bank has reached its current maximum charging capacity.

[0096] If so, the current limiting unit will be activated to guide the remaining regenerative current to the lithium battery pack.

[0097] Specifically, the decision-making starting point is first established by dual judgment of current threshold, current magnitude and current direction. When the current magnitude is detected to be greater than the first threshold (e.g., set to 50A to filter noise interference) and the direction is from the load to the bus, it is confirmed that there is significant regenerative energy with recovery value, rather than a small background fluctuation. This ensures that the system only starts the energy recovery process when it is really necessary, avoiding unnecessary switching actions.

[0098] Then, a charging-only path is immediately established for the supercapacitor. The key to this millisecond-level response lies in the charging-only path control. By using a unidirectional energy gating module, it is ensured that energy can only flow into the supercapacitor and cannot escape in the reverse direction. This achieves both rapid capture of regenerated energy and prevents the meaningless dissipation of stored energy.

[0099] Next, the charging status of the supercapacitor is continuously monitored. The upper limit of charging capacity is a dynamic parameter: it includes not only the full charge threshold based on voltage (such as 95% of the rated voltage) but also the real-time maximum allowable charging current based on current. The maximum current that the supercapacitor can safely accept under the current voltage and temperature is calculated in real time. When the loop current exceeds this value or the voltage approaches the upper limit, it is determined that the capacity boundary has been reached.

[0100] Finally, the lithium battery's collaborative intervention mechanism is activated. At this time, the current limiting unit automatically selects an appropriate current limiting level based on the difference between the remaining regeneration current (total circuit current minus the actual current absorbed by the supercapacitor) and the current maximum allowable charging current of the lithium battery. This ensures that the energy flow from the supercapacitor to the lithium battery is smooth and controlled, avoiding overcurrent impact on the lithium battery and minimizing the waste of regeneration energy.

[0101] In this embodiment, the efficient recovery of transient energy is ensured by the priority and rapid capture of supercapacitors, and the reliable storage of remaining energy is achieved by the safe current-limited access of lithium batteries. Ultimately, the recovery rate of regenerated energy is improved to the optimal level while ensuring the safety of the equipment.

[0102] In one exemplary embodiment, the control decision for discharge coordination specifically includes:

[0103] Determine whether the magnitude of the current in the DC bus circuit is greater than a preset second threshold and whether the current direction is from the DC bus to the load end;

[0104] If so, then establish a discharge-only path for the supercapacitor bank;

[0105] The synchronous control current limiting unit enables the lithium battery pack to discharge at a current value that does not exceed its current maximum allowable discharge current.

[0106] Specifically, the power supply demand is first confirmed by a combination of current threshold and flow direction. When the detected current exceeds the second threshold (usually set to 30%-50% of the load's rated operating current) and flows from the busbar to the load, it is identified that the load is in an active operating state requiring external energy support. This dual-condition filtering eliminates minor current fluctuations during system standby or light load, ensuring that the discharge coordination process is initiated only when the load truly requires significant power.

[0107] Once the requirements are confirmed, a discharge-only path for the supercapacitor is immediately established. Hardware circuitry ensures that the energy stored in the supercapacitor can only flow to the load and cannot flow back. This serves two purposes: first, leveraging the supercapacitor's millisecond-level response characteristics to prioritize meeting the instantaneous power spikes during load startup or acceleration; and second, physical isolation to prevent unnecessary backflow of lithium battery energy into the supercapacitor, ensuring optimal energy flow path.

[0108] The system does not simply connect the lithium battery and supercapacitor in parallel for power supply. Instead, it monitors the lithium battery's current maximum allowable discharge current in real time (this value is dynamically calculated based on the lithium battery's real-time temperature, SOC, and health status). A current-limiting control unit ensures the lithium battery's output current remains within this safe limit, while the supercapacitor automatically compensates for the excess current required by the load. This collaborative mode, where the lithium battery provides a steady-state reference and the supercapacitor covers transient increments, ensures the lithium battery always operates within a safe range to extend its lifespan, while the supercapacitor's dynamic compensation ensures the load always receives sufficient instantaneous power support.

[0109] In this embodiment, a supercapacitor is used as a fast-response power source to handle power fluctuations on the order of seconds, while a lithium battery serves as a steady-state support power source to provide continuous energy on the order of minutes. Both power supplies achieve automatic start-stop based on current threshold judgments, and an adaptive adjustment of the power ratio is achieved through a current limiting unit. Ultimately, this reliably meets the complex power demand scenarios with drastic load changes without overusing the lithium battery.

[0110] In one exemplary embodiment, the standby scheduling control decision specifically includes:

[0111] Determine whether the absolute value of the current in the DC bus circuit is less than a preset third threshold.

[0112] If so, then establish a discharge-only path for the supercapacitor bank;

[0113] The comparison results are obtained by comparing the current maximum allowable discharge current of the supercapacitor bank with the current maximum allowable charging current of the lithium battery bank.

[0114] Based on the comparison results, the current limiting unit controls the transfer of energy from the supercapacitor bank to the lithium battery bank.

[0115] Specifically, when the absolute value of the DC loop current is detected to be less than the third threshold (which is usually set in the range of 5%-10% of the rated current), the load is determined to be in a near-zero power consumption standby or extremely light load state. This avoids prematurely initiating energy dispatch when the load still has a small power demand, while ensuring that the optimization process is initiated in a timely manner when the system is truly idle, creating a time window for subsequent energy transfer.

[0116] After confirming the standby state, a discharge-only path is established for the supercapacitor. The key is to actively transform the supercapacitor from an energy receiver to an energy supplier. Due to its self-discharge effect and voltage decay characteristics, the stored energy is actively transferred to the lithium battery, which can reduce storage losses and free up capacity space to cope with the next power fluctuation.

[0117] Next, a bidirectional capacity matching comparison is performed, calculating the dynamic load-bearing capacity of the two energy storage elements in real time: the current maximum allowable discharge current of the supercapacitor is based on its instantaneous voltage and temperature state, while the current maximum allowable charging current of the lithium battery depends on its SOC, temperature, and health status. This comparison is not a simple numerical comparison, but a precise assessment of the energy throughput capacity of the two heterogeneous energy storage elements at a specific moment, and the result directly determines the safety boundary of the energy transfer process.

[0118] Finally, the current-limiting unit is dynamically controlled based on the comparison results: if the supercapacitor's discharge capacity is less than or equal to the lithium battery's charging capacity, an unlimited mode is used to achieve the highest efficiency transfer; if the supercapacitor's discharge capacity is stronger, tiered current-limiting control is activated to keep the transfer current within the lithium battery's safe charging range. This differentiated control prevents overcurrent surges in the lithium battery while maximizing the utilization of the supercapacitor's available energy.

[0119] In this embodiment, by transferring the short-term high-frequency energy stored in the supercapacitor (more suitable for dealing with sudden power fluctuations) to the lithium battery for long-term stable energy (more suitable for supporting continuous power supply), the energy attribute conversion optimization is automatically completed during idle periods. This not only improves the overall utilization rate of the energy storage system, but also slows down the aging rate of the supercapacitor by reducing its average storage voltage, while providing a smoother charging curve for the lithium battery to extend its cycle life.

[0120] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes:

[0121] When controlling the charging or discharging of the lithium battery pack, a multi-level current limiting strategy is dynamically selected based on the difference between the current in the DC bus circuit and the real-time maximum allowable charging and discharging current of the lithium battery pack to limit the current flowing to or from the lithium battery pack.

[0122] Specifically, the total demand current in the DC bus circuit (determined by the load) is continuously monitored, and the maximum charge / discharge current that the lithium battery can safely withstand under the current conditions (considering its temperature, SOC, and health) is simultaneously obtained. The difference between the two is calculated, which directly reflects the degree of current overload risk faced by the lithium battery. The larger the difference, the heavier the load the lithium battery has to bear beyond its safe range, and the higher the risk.

[0123] Based on this difference, the system dynamically activates a multi-level current limiting strategy. This strategy typically presets multiple current limiting levels (e.g., three levels: mild current limiting, moderate current limiting, and deep current limiting), each corresponding to a different current limiting resistor or control algorithm to achieve different degrees of current attenuation. The most suitable current limiting level is precisely matched according to the magnitude of the difference: if the difference is small, only mild current limiting may be activated to maximize energy transfer efficiency while ensuring safety; if the difference is large, stronger current limiting is activated step by step, ensuring the absolute safety of the lithium battery with a moderate sacrifice of current.

[0124] In this embodiment, when the load power demand changes abruptly (such as an elevator's emergency braking or acceleration), the system can instantly calculate the huge current difference and immediately invoke deep current limiting to protect the lithium battery from the impact. When the load is running smoothly, the difference is small, so low-limit current limiting or even bypass current limiting is used to reduce energy consumption and improve overall efficiency. The entire process is closed-loop and adaptive, allowing the lithium battery to fully utilize its performance potential while providing the system with predictable and long-term reliable power, fundamentally improving the robustness and economy of the hybrid energy storage system.

[0125] The most detailed embodiment of this application is as follows:

[0126] For example, real-time detection of the current in a DC circuit, i.e., the current passing through the sampling resistor R. .

[0127] S1: If >Preset first threshold (current operating threshold), current direction is from load end to DC bus (battery end).

[0128] Based on the lithium battery charging rate formula mentioned above, the maximum allowable charging current of the current lithium battery can be obtained. If the current in the DC circuit Within the current maximum allowable charging current of lithium batteries, i.e. If the current SOC of the lithium battery is less than the full charge threshold, the lithium battery can continue to be charged. Control Kt to close, so that the lithium battery enters the charging state, that is, the remaining regenerative energy generated on the load side is charged into the lithium battery.

[0129] If the current in the DC circuit Within the current maximum allowable charging current of the lithium battery, i.e. Based on the supercapacitor rate formula described above, the maximum allowable charging current of the current supercapacitor is obtained. If the current in the DC circuit Less than the current maximum allowable charging current of the supercapacitor, i.e. Then, the supercapacitor is controlled to be in a charging state, Kt is controlled to be disconnected, and the switch Q at the C+ terminal is disconnected, while the switch Q at the C- terminal is closed.

[0130] If the current in the DC circuit Greater than the current maximum allowable charging current of the supercapacitor, i.e. If the current is outside the supercapacitor's rate range, the current limiting unit will be activated and put into a current limiting state (the control method is as described below) to charge the lithium battery, thus putting the lithium battery into a charging state.

[0131] like Figure 3 As shown, the current limiting method includes: if a single-stage current limiting unit is used in the system, then Kt is opened and Ks is closed, and the current is derating to the allowable charging / discharging range of the lithium battery is achieved through Rs; if a three-stage current limiting unit is used in the system, the current limiting resistor corresponds to the current limiting resistor. , and The current value for each current-limiting stage is... , and ;like Then it enters the first-level current limiting stage, that is, closing Ks1 and opening Kt; if and Then it enters the second-level current limiting stage, that is, closing Ks2 and opening Kt; if and Then, it enters the third-level current limiting, that is, closing Ks3 and opening Kt.

[0132] S2: If If the current is less than the preset second threshold (standby current threshold), the system is in a standby state with no current.

[0133] If the current maximum allowable discharge current of the supercapacitor is within the range of the current maximum allowable charging current of the lithium battery, that is... Then, the supercapacitor is controlled to be in a discharging state (i.e., the C+ terminal Q is opened and the C- terminal Q is closed), the current limiting unit is in a non-current limiting state (i.e., Ks1~Ks3 is opened and Kt is closed), and at the same time, K1~Kn is opened, so that the supercapacitor discharges into the lithium battery. At this time, the supercapacitor is in a discharging state and the lithium battery is in a charging state.

[0134] If the current maximum allowable discharge current of the supercapacitor exceeds the current maximum allowable charging current of the lithium battery, that is... Then, the supercapacitor is controlled to discharge, and the current limiting unit is in the current limiting state (i.e., according to the current limiting action method described above). At the same time, K1~Kn are disconnected, so that the supercapacitor discharges into the lithium battery until the lithium battery is charged to the full charge threshold. During this process, the supercapacitor changes from the discharge state to the standby state (i.e., the C+ terminal Q is controlled to open and the C- terminal Q is closed, or both Q terminals are open). The lithium battery is in the charging state, and then K1~Kn are controlled to close.

[0135] S3: If The preset third threshold (current operating threshold) is used, with the current direction from the DC bus (battery end) to the load end.

[0136] Put the supercapacitor in a discharge state (i.e., control the C+ terminal Q to be open and the C- terminal Q to be closed), control the supercapacitor to discharge until the supercapacitor reaches the low discharge threshold, turn off the supercapacitor discharge state, and control the supercapacitor to be in a standby state (i.e., control both terminals Q to be open).

[0137] At the same time, if Within the current maximum allowable discharge current of lithium batteries, i.e. This puts the current limiting unit in an unlimited state, allowing the lithium battery to discharge synchronously until the lithium battery reaches the lithium battery discharge threshold or the load power consumption ends.

[0138] like Exceeding the current maximum allowable discharge current of the lithium battery, i.e. This puts the current limiting unit into a current-limiting state (i.e., according to the current-limiting action method described above), causing the lithium battery to discharge synchronously until the discharge current is within the lithium battery discharge rate range. If so, the current limiting unit is in a non-current limiting state.

[0139] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0140] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 5As shown, this computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) interfaces, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is also connected to the system bus via the I / O interfaces. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides the environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The database stores data. The I / O interfaces are used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for communicating with external terminals via a network. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a hybrid energy storage coordinated control method based on real-time current detection.

[0141] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described above.

[0142] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0143] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described above.

[0144] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0145] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, artificial intelligence (AI) processors, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0146] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0147] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hybrid energy storage coordinated control system based on real-time current detection, characterized in that, The system includes: Supercapacitor banks are used to provide or absorb instantaneous power; Lithium-ion battery packs are used to provide or absorb continuous power; A unidirectional control unit, with its high-voltage end connected to the DC bus and its low-voltage end connected to the supercapacitor bank, is used to select a charging-only path, a discharging-only path, or an open state between the DC bus and the supercapacitor bank in response to a control signal. A current limiting unit is connected in series between the DC bus and the lithium battery pack, including a main switch path and at least one current limiting bypass consisting of a current limiting switch and a current limiting resistor connected in series. A current detection unit is connected in series with the DC bus to detect the magnitude and direction of the DC circuit current in real time. The regulating controller is electrically connected to the current detection unit, the unidirectional control unit, and the current limiting unit, respectively; it is used to execute control decisions including charging coordination, discharging coordination, and standby scheduling based on the magnitude and direction of the DC circuit current.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulating controller is specifically used to dynamically select to connect the main switch path or connect the current-limiting bypass with a preset resistance value based on the difference between the DC circuit current and the real-time maximum allowable charge and discharge current of the lithium battery pack, so as to perform multi-level current limiting control.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The unidirectional control unit includes symmetrically arranged bidirectional switching units. One end of the bidirectional switching unit is connected to the DC bus, and the other end is connected to the positive or negative terminal of the supercapacitor bank. Each bidirectional switching unit includes a controlled switch transistor and a diode connected in reverse parallel with the controlled switch transistor.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current detection unit includes a sampling resistor connected in series in the DC bus circuit. The resistance value of the sampling resistor is calculated and determined based on the maximum total power required to be carried by the DC bus, the minimum operating voltage of the DC bus, and the preset maximum power consumption of the sampling resistor.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes at least one shutdown circuit, each of which is connected in series in the DC bus branch of the corresponding load, and is used to disconnect or close the power supply circuit of the corresponding load under the control of the regulating controller.

6. A hybrid energy storage coordinated control method based on real-time current detection, characterized in that, The method includes: Real-time acquisition of the magnitude and direction of current in the DC bus circuit; Based on the magnitude and direction of the current, control decisions are made, including charging coordination, discharging coordination, and standby scheduling; wherein... The control decision for charging coordination includes prioritizing the supercapacitor bank to absorb regenerative energy, and controlling the lithium battery bank to absorb the remaining regenerative energy when the upper limit of charging capacity is reached. The control decision for discharge coordination includes prioritizing the supercapacitor bank to provide instantaneous power and simultaneously controlling the lithium battery bank to provide continuous power. The standby scheduling control decision includes controlling the transfer of energy from the supercapacitor bank to the lithium battery bank.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control decisions for charging coordination specifically include: Determine whether the magnitude of the current in the DC bus circuit is greater than a preset first threshold and whether the current direction is from the load end to the DC bus; If so, then a charging-only path is established for the supercapacitor bank; Determine whether the supercapacitor bank has reached its current maximum charging capacity. If so, the current limiting unit is activated to guide the remaining regenerative current to the lithium battery pack.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control decisions for discharge coordination specifically include: Determine whether the magnitude of the current in the DC bus circuit is greater than a preset second threshold and whether the current direction is from the DC bus to the load end; If so, then establish a discharge-only path for the supercapacitor bank; The synchronous control current limiting unit enables the lithium battery pack to discharge at a current value that does not exceed its current maximum allowable discharge current.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control decisions for standby scheduling specifically include: Determine whether the absolute value of the current in the DC bus circuit is less than a preset third threshold. If so, then establish a discharge-only path for the supercapacitor bank; The comparison results are obtained by comparing the current maximum allowable discharge current of the supercapacitor bank with the current maximum allowable charging current of the lithium battery bank. Based on the comparison results, the current limiting unit controls the transfer of energy from the supercapacitor bank to the lithium battery bank.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that, The method further includes: When controlling the lithium battery pack to charge or discharge, a multi-level current limiting strategy is dynamically selected based on the difference between the current in the DC bus circuit and the real-time maximum allowable charge / discharge current of the lithium battery pack to limit the current flowing to or from the lithium battery pack.

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