A roof breaking device for a coal mining face

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining face roof breaking, and particularly relates to a coal mining face roof breaking device, which comprises a connecting seat fixedly arranged on the outer side of the bottom end of a hydraulic support, a horizontal moving assembly is arranged at the outer end of the connecting seat, a roof breaking mechanism is arranged at the moving end of the horizontal moving assembly, the roof breaking mechanism comprises a base connected with the horizontal moving end, a plurality of telescopic columns are symmetrically arranged on the base, a roof beam is arranged at the output end of the column through a connecting column, a special-shaped cone head is detachably arranged on the top surface of the roof beam, a stabilizing assembly is arranged between the roof beam and the base, a protection mechanism is arranged between the mounting plate and the column, and an impact assembly is further arranged below the roof beam, the present application has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the anchor rod or metal net in the roof does not need to be removed by workers, and can be directly removed together in the roof breaking, the combination of static pressure and impact during the roof breaking greatly improves the roof breaking efficiency and quality, and greatly improves the safety of the roof breaking device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of roof breaking technology in coal mining faces, and in particular to a roof breaking device for coal mining faces. Background Technology

[0002] In the integrated mechanized coal mining process, the management of the roof at both ends (upper and lower corners) of the working face and the goaf in the two roadways has always been a key and difficult point in underground safety production management. According to the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations", when using the caving method to manage the roof, the roof must be caved in a timely manner; when the suspended roof distance exceeds the provisions of the operating procedures, coal mining must be stopped and manual forced roof caving or other measures must be taken to deal with the situation.

[0003] In actual production, to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock in the mining roadways, high-strength combined support, including bolts, cables, steel strips, and metal mesh, is typically used in the upper and lower roadways during excavation. As the working face advances, the roof of the goaf should collapse accordingly. However, due to the following reasons, problems often arise such as delayed roof collapse or excessively large overhanging areas: First, the roof rock is hard and stable, making it difficult for it to collapse naturally. For working faces with hard roofs, excessively long direct roof overhangs can easily lead to large areas of the old pond being suspended in mid-air. If it suddenly collapses, it will generate strong storms, posing a serious threat to equipment and personnel.

[0004] Second, the original anchoring system of the roadway was not completely destroyed. Although the roof of the goaf had detached from the coal seam support, the anchoring force of the anchor bolts and anchor cables still existed. The steel strips and anchor mesh connected the broken roof into a whole, preventing the roof from collapsing in time. This contradiction of "fear of roof collapse before mining and the risk of roof suspension after mining" is particularly prominent in roadways reinforced with high-strength anchor cables.

[0005] The search revealed that most publicly available roof-breaking devices currently employ a single breaking method, such as using a conical head to apply static pressure during jacking. However, these devices still have the following shortcomings in practical applications: First, their function is relatively limited, making it difficult to simultaneously and effectively destroy anchor bolts (cables) and cut metal mesh and steel strips, still resulting in the roof not collapsing properly; second, when the conical head encounters a hard roof during vertical jacking, it usually creates a hole with each jacking motion, failing to quickly break the integrity of the roof, resulting in slow breaking speed and reduced efficiency; third, during the continuous application of static pressure by the conical head, the columns applying the static pressure may suddenly fail due to excessive force, which can easily cause components such as the roof beam to fall rapidly, and some devices require close manual operation, so safety still needs to be improved.

[0006] Therefore, developing a roof-breaking device that can efficiently destroy the roof and anchor bolt / cable structure of roadways, has multi-mode breaking capabilities, and is highly safe is of great significance for ensuring safe and efficient production in coal mining faces. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a roof-breaking device for coal mining faces, so as to solve the problems of existing technologies that have a single roof-breaking function, are difficult to simultaneously and effectively destroy anchor bolts (cables) and cut metal mesh, cannot quickly destroy the integrity of the roof, have slow breaking speed, reduced efficiency, and low safety.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a roof breaking device for coal mining face, including a connecting seat fixedly installed on the outer side of the bottom end of a hydraulic support, a horizontal moving component installed at the outer end of the connecting seat, a roof breaking mechanism installed at the moving end of the horizontal moving component, the roof breaking mechanism including a base connected to the horizontal moving end, columns capable of multi-stage extension and retraction symmetrically arranged on the base, a top beam installed at the output end of the column through a connecting column, a non-conical head detachably installed on the top surface of the top beam, and a stabilizing component installed between the top beam and the base.

[0009] Optionally, the horizontal moving component includes a connecting block, the left end of which is fixedly connected to the outer end of the connecting seat. A receiving groove is provided on the front side of the connecting block, and several telescopic jacks are vertically arranged in the receiving groove. The moving ends of the several telescopic jacks are connected to a connector, and the connector is fixedly connected to the left side of the base.

[0010] Optionally, the column adopts a two-stage emulsion oil cylinder, and the top of the irregular cone head adopts a cross cone structure.

[0011] Optionally, the stabilizing component includes a shield beam rotatably connected to the lower right end of the top beam. The end of the shield beam away from the top beam is rotatably equipped with a front link and a rear link, the other ends of which are rotatably connected to the right side of the base.

[0012] Optionally, mounting plates are detachably installed on both the front and rear sides of the lower end of the top beam.

[0013] Optionally, a protective mechanism is provided between the mounting plate and the column. The protective mechanism includes a first protective component and a second protective component. The first and second protective components can automatically be in a protective state by extending the moving end of the column. When the first protective component is in the protective state, it cooperates with the fixed end of the column to buffer the rapidly falling top beam and reduce the falling height of the top beam. When the second protective component is in the protective state, it can guide the debris falling from the front and rear sides of the top beam when it breaks through the roof.

[0014] Optionally, the protective component includes symmetrically arranged connecting plates that are sleeved and slide on the primary moving ends of the corresponding side columns. Each primary moving end of the column is provided with a rubber limiting ring at its top. The top surfaces of the connecting plates on the front and rear sides of the column are hinged with fixed cylinders. Each fixed cylinder has a sliding shaft with a piston. The sliding shafts on the left and right sides are hinged to the side of the mounting plate on the same side. The lower end of the fixed cylinder is provided with connecting pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2, which communicate with the inside of the fixed cylinder. The diameter of connecting pipe 1 is larger than that of connecting pipe 2. The top surface of the fixed end of the horizontal moving component is provided with a hydraulic oil tank. One side of the hydraulic oil tank is provided with an oil outlet and an oil inlet. Connecting pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2 are respectively connected to the oil outlet and the oil inlet through pipes. Both connecting pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2 are provided with check valves. The check valve on connecting pipe 1 only allows inflow and not outflow, while the check valve on connecting pipe 2 only allows outflow and not inflow.

[0015] Optionally, the second protective component includes two rotating plates rotatably mounted on the front and rear sides of the top beam. The lower side of the rotating plates is symmetrically hinged with connecting rods, and the other ends of the connecting rods on the left and right sides are respectively hinged to the top surface of the connecting plates on both sides.

[0016] Optionally, an impact assembly is also provided below the top beam. The impact assembly includes a power storage unit and a punch head located at the output end of the power storage unit. The punch head and the output end of the power storage unit can pass through the top beam and the middle of the irregular cone head.

[0017] Optionally, the power storage unit includes an I-shaped plate disposed on the bottom surface of the mounting plate. A spring is disposed on the top surface of the I-shaped plate, and a rectangular plate is disposed on the top of the spring. An impact column that can pass upward through the top beam and the irregular cone head is disposed on the top surface of the rectangular plate. Telescopic cylinders are disposed on both sides of the bottom surface of the top beam. The moving end of the telescopic cylinder faces downward and a pressure plate is disposed on the top surface of the moving end. When the pressure plate descends through the telescopic cylinder, it first pushes the rectangular plate downward a certain distance and then separates from the rectangular plate. When it rises through the telescopic cylinder, it moves back to directly above the rectangular plate. The punch head includes a connecting column two disposed on the top surface of the impact column. Several impact heads are detachably disposed on the top surface of the connecting column two.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this application, the top surface of the top beam in the roof-breaking mechanism is detachably equipped with an irregular cone head. The irregular cone head adopts a cross-shaped cone structure. The irregular cone head of the cross-shaped cone structure can not only ensure that it maintains a sharp state to increase the roof-breaking pressure, but also increase the contact area during roof breaking. Furthermore, the upward static pressure continuously applied by the column can quickly destroy or cut the undamaged anchor rods and metal mesh. Compared with the conical cone head in the prior art, the structure of this solution will not result in a hole being pierced with each strike, and it also eliminates the need for subsequent workers to damage the anchor rods and cut the metal mesh. This greatly reduces the labor intensity of the workers and greatly improves the safety and efficiency of roof breaking operations.

[0019] 2. In this application, a protective mechanism is provided between the mounting plate and the column. The protective mechanism includes a protective component one, which includes symmetrically arranged connecting plates. The middle portions of the two connecting plates are respectively sleeved and slidably mounted on the first-stage moving ends of the two columns. Rubber limiting rings are fixedly installed at the top of the first-stage moving ends of the two columns. Fixed cylinders are hinged to the top surfaces of the connecting plates on the front and rear sides of the column. Fixed shafts are fixedly installed on the sides of the mounting plates on the front and rear sides. Moving shafts are slidably mounted inside the fixed cylinders. Pistons are fixedly installed at the ends of the moving shafts inside the fixed cylinders. The moving shafts on the left and right sides are hinged to the fixed shaft on the same side. Connecting pipe one and connecting pipe two, which communicate with the inside of the fixed cylinder, are provided at the lower end of the fixed cylinder. Connecting pipe one and connecting pipe two are symmetrically arranged and horizontally movable. A hydraulic oil tank is installed on the top surface of the fixed end of the moving component. An oil outlet and an oil inlet are located on one side of the hydraulic oil tank. The diameter of connecting pipe one is larger than that of connecting pipe two. One-way valves are fixedly installed on both connecting pipe one and connecting pipe two. All connecting pipes one are connected to the oil outlet via pipes, and all connecting pipes two are connected to the oil inlet via pipes. The one-way valve on connecting pipe one only allows oil from the hydraulic oil tank to enter the fixed cylinder, while the one-way valve on connecting pipe two only allows oil from the fixed cylinder to exit. When the first-stage moving end of the column has fully extended, and the second-stage moving end of the column begins to extend, the top beam moves upward along the mounting plate, carrying the fixed cylinder, moving shaft, and connecting plate. The connecting plate slides upward along the first-stage moving end of the column. During the upward movement, the connecting plate gradually contacts the first-stage moving end of the column. The bottom surface of the rubber limiting ring at the top of the moving end contacts the fixed cylinder. As it rises further, the connecting plate and the fixed cylinder are restrained by the rubber limiting ring and held at a certain height. At this point, the further rise of the top beam will pull the moving shaft inside the fixed cylinder via the fixed shaft. As the moving shaft is gradually pulled out, the piston moves outward along with the moving shaft, drawing hydraulic fluid from the tank into the fixed cylinder through connecting pipe one (the one-way valve on connecting pipe one only allows inflow, while the one-way valve on connecting pipe two only allows outflow). When the column suddenly fails, causing the upper top beam to fall rapidly, the lower connecting plate falls rapidly and contacts the top of the fixed end of the column. The connecting plate is restrained by the fixed end of the column. Therefore, if the top beam falls further, it will press the moving shaft downward through the fixed shaft. The downward-pressing moving shaft gradually squeezes the oil in the fixed cylinder downwards. The oil is discharged into the hydraulic oil tank through a relatively small-diameter check valve on the connecting pipe. This process takes a certain amount of time to drain the oil from the fixed cylinder. The gradually squeezed-out oil greatly slows down the falling speed of the top beam, reduces the impact force of the rapid fall, and also reduces the falling height of the top beam due to the certain length of the fixed cylinder and the moving shaft itself. This greatly improves the safety in the event of a sudden failure of the top-breaking device and reduces the huge overall loss caused by the rapid fall of the top-breaking devices colliding with each other. The design is more reasonable and practical. Moreover, the structure of the first protective component can automatically deploy and enter the protective state as the top beam rises, without the need for an additional drive power supply.

[0020] 3. In this application, the protective mechanism also includes a second protective component. The second protective component includes two rotating plates rotatably mounted on the front and rear sides of the top beam. A connecting rod is symmetrically hinged to the lower side of the rotating plate. The other end of the connecting rod is respectively hinged to the top surface of the connecting plate on both sides. When the secondary moving end of the column is fully retracted, the rotating plate is vertically positioned upwards. A rubber pad is detachably fixed to the outer end of the fixed shaft. The rubber pad provides a maximum angle limit for the deflection of the rotating plate, which not only buffers the deflected rotating plate but also prevents the rotating plate from colliding with other parts due to excessive rotation angle, thereby improving the service life of the device.

[0021] 4. In this application, when the primary moving end of the column is fully extended and the secondary moving end gradually extends, the connecting plate gradually contacts the rubber limiting ring. The connecting plate is then limited by the rubber limiting ring. As the secondary moving end of the column gradually extends, due to the fixed length of the connecting rod, the rotating plate, originally in a vertical position, is gradually pulled downwards by the connecting rod and deflected. The deflected rotating plate is then positioned directly above the protective component, effectively guiding the falling debris to both sides during the roof-breaking process. This prevents damage to lower components from the falling debris and improves the lifespan of the device. When the falling debris impacts the rotating plate, the rotating plate experiences a downward impact force, causing it to deflect further downwards. This downward deflection of the rotating plate... When the connecting rod pushes the connecting plate downwards, the fixed cylinder is also connected to the connecting plate. As the connecting plate slides downwards, it moves the fixed cylinder downwards along with it. However, since the upper end of the moving shaft inside the fixed cylinder is connected to the fixed shaft, the moving shaft further draws oil into the fixed cylinder. During the process of drawing in oil, the downward sliding of the connecting plate can be effectively buffered, thereby buffering the impact force on the rotating plate. Furthermore, as more oil is drawn into the fixed cylinder, the amount of oil in the fixed cylinder increases further. This further increases the buffering distance and buffering force if the column suddenly fails. As a result, the protective functions of protective component one and protective component two can be mutually enhanced and promoted, making the design more reasonable and practical.

[0022] 5. In this application, an impact assembly is also provided below the top beam. The impact assembly includes a power storage unit and a punch head located at the output end of the power storage unit. The punch head and the output end of the power storage unit can pass through the top beam and the middle of the irregular cone head. When the power storage unit continuously pulls and releases the impact unit, the impact unit can continuously impact the top plate. In conjunction with the static pressure continuously applied to the top plate by the irregular cone head, the static pressure and impact force are linked. This can not only effectively break the restraint of the top plate by the anchor bolt, weaken the connection between the anchor bolt and the top plate, and make it easier for the subsequent static pressure of the irregular cone head to break the anchor bolt, but also further improve the quality and efficiency of breaking the top. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal moving component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connector of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top beam and the irregular cone head of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of protective component one and protective component two of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a side view of the protective structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the impact assembly of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the power storage unit of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the impact component of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the impact part of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Connecting seat; 2. Horizontal moving component; 3. Overhead breaking mechanism; 4. Base; 5. Top beam; 6. Irregular cone head; 7. Stabilizing component; 8. Connecting block; 9. Telescopic jack; 10. Connecting head; 11. Column; 11a. Primary moving end; 11b. Secondary moving end; 12. Connecting column one; 13. Protective beam; 14. Front connecting rod; 15. Rear connecting rod; 16. Mounting plate; 17. Protective mechanism; 18. Protective component one; 19. Protective component two; 20. Connecting plate; 21. Rubber limiting ring; 22. Fixed cylinder; 23. Fixed shaft; 24. Moving shaft; 25. Connecting pipe one; 26. Connecting pipe two; 27. Hydraulic oil tank; 28. Oil outlet; 29. ​​Oil inlet; 30. Check valve; 31. Buffer pad one; 32. Rotating plate; 33. Connecting rod one; 34. Rubber pad; 35. Impact assembly; 36. Power storage unit; 37. Punch head; 38. I-shaped plate; 39. Limiting plate; 40. Spring; 41. Rectangular plate; 42. Impact column; 43. Columnar through groove; 44. Annular pad; 45. Buffer pad two; 46. Telescopic cylinder; 47. Pressure plate; 48. Slide groove; 49. Slide column; 50. Connecting column two; 51. Impact head. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments disclosed in this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0026] Various non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Any number of elements in the accompanying drawings is for illustrative purposes only and not for limitation, and any naming is for distinction only and has no limiting meaning.

[0027] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments.

[0028] Please see Figure 1-13 The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: A roof-breaking device for a coal mining face includes a connecting seat 1 fixedly mounted on the outer side of the bottom end of a hydraulic support. A horizontal moving component 2 is provided at the outer end of the connecting seat 1. A roof-breaking mechanism 3 is provided at the moving end of the horizontal moving component 2. The roof-breaking mechanism 3 includes a base 4 connected to the horizontal moving end. A height-adjustable top beam 5 is provided on the base 4. A non-circular cone head 6 is detachably fixed on the top surface of the top beam 5. A stabilizing component 7 is provided between the top beam 5 and the base 4. The hydraulic support in the above structure is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0029] Please see Figure 1-4 The horizontal moving component 2 includes a connecting block 8. The left end of the connecting block 8 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the connecting seat 1. A receiving groove is provided on the front side of the connecting block 8. Several telescopic jacks 9 are vertically arranged in the receiving groove. The moving ends of the several telescopic jacks 9 are connected to a connector 10. The connector 10 is fixedly connected to the left side of the base 4. The telescopic jacks 9 in the above structure are existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0030] Through the cooperation of the telescopic jack 9, connecting block 8 and connector 10 in the horizontal moving component 2, the overall position of the roof breaking mechanism 3 can be adjusted in the horizontal direction, and it can also ensure that the roof breaking device can only move horizontally, thereby preventing the roof breaking device from tipping over and improving the stability and safety of roof breaking work.

[0031] Please see Figure 1-6The top-breaking device also includes two symmetrically arranged columns 11 capable of multi-stage telescopic movement. The top surface of the base 4 is provided with a receiving groove. The fixed ends of the two columns 11 are symmetrically fixed to the bottom surface of the receiving groove. The top of the innermost movable end of the two columns 11 is fixedly provided with a connecting column 12. The top of the connecting column 12 is hinged to the bottom surface of the top beam 5.

[0032] Please see Figure 1 , 6 The column 11 adopts a two-stage emulsion hydraulic cylinder, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. With the setting of two multi-stage telescopic columns 11, the top beam 5 and the irregular cone head 6 can be raised and lowered, and the top breaking force can be continuously output. The tilt of the top beam 5 in the left and right directions can also be controlled by controlling the extension length of the two columns 11, so as to adapt to the uneven roof surface (the roof is a general term for the rock strata above the ore layer, which will not be described in detail here).

[0033] Please see Figure 5 The top of the irregular cone head 6 adopts a cross-shaped cone structure and is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel material, such as high-manganese steel, which will not be elaborated here. The cross-shaped cone structure not only ensures that the top remains sharp to maximize the pressure during roof breaking, but also increases the contact area during roof breaking. The upward static pressure continuously applied by the column 11 can quickly destroy or cut the undamaged anchor rods and metal mesh. Compared with the conical cone head in the prior art, the structure of this solution will not result in a hole being punched, and there is no need for subsequent workers to damage the anchor rods or cut the metal mesh. This greatly reduces the labor intensity of the workers, greatly improves the safety of roof breaking work, and also improves the efficiency of roof breaking.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 , 6 The stabilizing component 7 includes a shield beam 13 rotatably connected to the lower right end of the top beam 5. A front connecting rod 14 and a rear connecting rod 15 are rotatably mounted on one end of the shield beam 13 away from the top beam 5. The other ends of the front connecting rod 14 and the rear connecting rod 15 are rotatably connected to the right side of the base 4. The end of the front connecting rod 14 is higher than the rear connecting rod 15. The shield beam 13, the front connecting rod 14, the rear connecting rod 15, the base 4, and the top beam 5 form a four-bar linkage structure, which enhances the structural stability of the roof breaking mechanism 3. In addition, the shield beam 13 can also reduce the amount of coal gangue from the goaf entering the front.

[0035] Please see Figure 6 Mounting plates 16 are detachably fixed on both the front and rear sides of the lower end of the top beam 5.

[0036] Please see Figure 6A protective mechanism 17 is provided between the mounting plate 16 and the column 11. The protective mechanism 17 includes a first protective component 18 and a second protective component 19. The first protective component 18 and the second protective component 19 can automatically be in a protective state through the cooperation of the fully extended first-stage moving end 11a and the gradually extended second-stage moving end 11b of the column 11. When the first protective component 18 is in the protective state, it cooperates with the fixed end of the column 11 to buffer the rapidly falling top beam 5 and reduce the falling height of the top beam 5, greatly reducing the risk of partial loss of support of the top beam 5 due to the sudden failure of the column 11. The rapid descent causes severe collision damage between the top-breaking mechanisms 3, and also reduces the descent height of the top beam 5, greatly improving the safety of the device during the top-breaking operation. When the second protective component 19 is in the protective state, it can guide the debris falling from the front and rear sides of the top beam 5 during the top-breaking operation, preventing the falling debris from damaging the structure below the top beam 5. When the second protective component 19 is impacted, the first protective component 18 can buffer the impact. When the first protective component 18 buffers the impact on the second protective component 19, it can further increase the buffer distance and strength during the descent.

[0037] Please see Figure 7-9 The protective component 18 includes symmetrically arranged connecting plates 20. The middle portions of the two connecting plates 20 are respectively sleeved and slidably mounted on the primary moving ends 11a of the two side columns 11. Rubber limiting rings 21 are fixedly mounted at the top of the primary moving ends 11a of the two side columns 11. Fixed cylinders 22 are hinged to the top surfaces of the connecting plates 20 on the front and rear sides of the column 11. Fixed shafts 23 are fixedly mounted on the sides of the mounting plates 16 on the front and rear sides. Moving shafts 24 are slidably mounted inside the fixed cylinders 22. Pistons are fixedly mounted at the ends of the moving shafts 24 inside the fixed cylinders 22. The moving shafts 24 on the left and right sides are hinged to the fixed shafts 23 on the same side. A connection communicating with the interior of the fixed cylinders 22 is provided at the lower end of the fixed cylinders 22. Pipe 25 and connecting pipe 26 are symmetrically arranged. A hydraulic oil tank 27 is provided on the top surface of the fixed end of the horizontal moving component 2. An oil outlet 28 and an oil inlet 29 are provided on one side of the hydraulic oil tank 27. The diameter of connecting pipe 25 is larger than that of connecting pipe 26. A one-way valve 30 is fixedly installed on both connecting pipe 25 and connecting pipe 26. All connecting pipes 25 are connected to the oil outlet 28 through pipes, and all connecting pipes 26 are connected to the oil inlet 29 through pipes. The one-way valve 30 on connecting pipe 25 can only allow the oil in the hydraulic oil tank 27 to enter the fixed cylinder 22, and the one-way valve 30 on connecting pipe 26 can only allow the oil in the fixed cylinder 22 to discharge. The connecting pipes, hydraulic oil tank 27, piston, and one-way valve 30 in the above structure are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0038] When the primary moving end 11a of the column 11 has fully extended, and the secondary moving end 11b of the column 11 begins to extend, the top beam 5 moves upward via the mounting plate 16, carrying the fixed cylinder 22, the moving shaft 24, and the connecting plate 20. The connecting plate 20 slides upward along the primary moving end 11a of the column 11. During the upward movement, the connecting plate 20 gradually contacts the bottom surface of the rubber limiting ring 21 at the top of the primary moving end 11a of the column 11. As it rises further, the connecting plate 20 and the fixed cylinder 22 are bounded by the rubber. Ring 21 restricts the movement to a certain height. When the top beam 5 rises again, it pulls the movable shaft 24 inside the fixed cylinder 22 via the fixed shaft 23. As the movable shaft 24 is gradually pulled out, the piston moves outward along with it, drawing hydraulic oil from the hydraulic tank 27 into the fixed cylinder 22 through connecting pipe 1 25 (the one-way valve 30 on connecting pipe 1 25 only allows inflow, while the one-way valve 30 on connecting pipe 2 26 only allows outflow). When the column 11 suddenly fails, causing the upper top beam 5 to fall rapidly, the lower... The connecting plate 20 falls rapidly and contacts the top of the fixed end of the column 11. The connecting plate 20 is restricted by the fixed end of the column 11. If the top beam 5 falls further, it will press the moving shaft 24 downward through the fixed shaft 23. The moving shaft 24, which is pressed downward, will gradually squeeze the oil in the fixed cylinder 22. The oil is discharged into the hydraulic oil tank 27 through the relatively small-diameter one-way valve 30 on the connecting pipe. This process takes a certain amount of time to drain the oil in the fixed cylinder 22. The gradually squeezed-out oil will greatly slow down the falling speed of the top beam 5, reduce the impact force of the rapid fall, and also reduce the falling height of the top beam 5 by the fixed cylinder 22 and the moving shaft 24 having a certain length. This greatly improves the safety when the top breaking device suddenly fails, and also reduces the huge overall loss caused by the collision of the top breaking devices during rapid fall. The design is more reasonable and more practical. Moreover, the structure of the protective component 18 can automatically deploy and be in a protective state as the top beam 5 rises, without the need for an additional drive power supply.

[0039] Please see Figure 6-9 To mitigate the impact between the connecting plate 20 and the fixed end of the column 11, a buffer pad 31 is fixedly installed at the top of the fixed end of the column 11. Please see Figure 7-9The second protective component 19 includes two rotating plates 32 rotatably mounted on the front and rear sides of the top beam 5. A connecting rod 33 is symmetrically hinged to the lower side of each rotating plate 32. The other ends of the connecting rods 33 on both sides are respectively hinged to the top surface of the connecting plates 20 on both sides (the hinge direction of the connecting rods 33 is the front-to-back direction, meaning the connecting rods 33 can deflect in the front-to-back direction). When the secondary moving end 11b of the column 11 is fully retracted, the rotating plate 32 is vertically aligned upwards. A rubber pad 34 is detachably fixed to the outer end of the fixed shaft 23. The rubber pad 34 provides maximum angle limitation for the deflection of the rotating plate 32, not only buffering the deflected rotating plate 32 but also preventing excessive rotation angle from causing collisions between the rotating plate 32 and other components, thus improving the service life of the device.

[0040] When the primary moving end 11a of the column 11 is fully extended and the secondary moving end 11b gradually extends, the connecting plate 20 gradually contacts the rubber limiting ring 21. As the secondary moving end 11b of the column 11 gradually extends, the connecting plate 20 is gradually pulled downward by the rubber limiting ring 21 and then the connecting plate 20 is limited by the rubber limiting ring 21. As the secondary moving end 11b of the column 11 gradually extends, since the length of the connecting rod 33 is constant, the rotating plate 32, which was originally in a vertical state, is gradually pulled downward by the connecting rod 33 and deflected. Thus, the deflected rotating plate 32 is directly above the protective component 18, which can effectively guide the falling debris to both sides through the rotating plate 32 during the breaking process, thereby preventing the falling debris from damaging the parts below and improving the service life of the device.

[0041] When the collapsing debris impacts the rotating plate 32, the rotating plate 32 experiences a downward impact force, causing it to deflect further downward. This downward deflection pushes the connecting plate 20 downward via the connecting rod 33. Since the connecting plate 20 is also connected to the fixed cylinder 22, the connecting plate 20 slides downward, carrying the fixed cylinder 22 with it. However, because the upper end of the moving shaft 24 inside the fixed cylinder 22 is connected to the fixed shaft 23, the moving shaft 24 further pumps oil into the fixed cylinder 22. During the oil pumping process, the downward sliding of the connecting plate 20 is effectively buffered, thus buffering the impact force on the rotating plate 32. Furthermore, as more oil is pumped into the fixed cylinder 22, the amount of oil in the fixed cylinder 22 increases, further increasing the buffering distance and buffering force in the event of a sudden failure of the column 11. This allows the protective functions of the first protective component 18 and the second protective component 19 to mutually enhance and promote each other, resulting in a more reasonable and practical design.

[0042] Please see Figure 6 , 10Below the top beam 5, there is also an impact assembly 35. The impact assembly 35 includes a power storage part 36 and a punch head 37 located at the output end of the power storage part 36. The punch head 37 and the output end of the power storage part 36 can pass through the middle of the top beam 5 and the irregular cone head 6.

[0043] Please see Figure 11-13 The power storage unit 36 ​​includes an I-shaped plate 38 fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 16. Limiting plates 39 are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the top surface of the I-shaped plate 38. A spring 40 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the I-shaped plate 38 between the limiting plates 39. A rectangular plate 41 is fixedly mounted on the top of the spring 40. The front and rear sides of the rectangular plate 41 slide vertically against the inner walls of the two limiting plates 39. An impact column 42 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the rectangular plate 41. A cylindrical through groove 43 is opened in the middle of the irregular cone head 6 and the top beam 5. The upper end of the impact column 42 slides within the cylindrical through groove 43. An annular pad 44 concentric with the cylindrical through groove 43 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the top beam 5. A second buffer pad 45 is fixedly mounted on the impact column 42. When the second buffer pad 45 and the annular pad 44 contact, the spring 40... 0 is still in a compressed state. Telescopic cylinders 46 are fixedly installed on both the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the top beam 5. The moving end of the telescopic cylinder 46 faces downward and the pressure plate 47 is slidably installed on the top surface of the moving end. Two sets of sliding grooves 48 are symmetrically opened on the inner side of the mounting plates 16 on the front and rear sides. The sliding grooves 48 are parallelograms with two vertical sides and the other two inclined sides. Sliding columns 49 are fixedly installed on both the front and rear sides of the pressure plate 47. The other end of the sliding column 49 slides in the sliding grooves 48 on the front and rear sides respectively. When the sliding column 49 is in the sliding groove 48 on the inner vertical side, the pressure plate 47 is directly above the left and right sides of the rectangular plate 41. When the sliding column 49 is in the sliding groove 48 on the outer vertical plate, the pressure plate 47 and the rectangular plate 41 are misaligned.

[0044] Please see Figure 12-13 The punch head 37 includes a connecting post 50 fixedly installed at the top of the impact post 42, and a number of impact heads 51 are embedded in and detachably installed on the top surface of the connecting post 50.

[0045] By combining the impact component 35 with the irregular cone head, the combination of static pressure and impact is achieved during the roof breaking process. This not only effectively breaks the restraint of the roof by the anchor bolt, weakening the connection between the anchor bolt and the roof, but also makes it easier for the subsequent static pressure of the irregular cone head to break the anchor bolt. Furthermore, it can further improve the roof breaking quality and efficiency.

[0046] When the second buffer pad 45 contacts the annular pad 44, part of the second connecting post 50 is above the irregular cone head 6.

[0047] When roof breaking is required, first activate the telescopic jack 9 to move the roof breaking mechanism 3 horizontally in the left-right direction, allowing it to reach the desired breaking position. Then, activate both columns 11 simultaneously, causing the multi-stage moving ends of the columns 11 to extend sequentially, gradually bringing the irregularly shaped cone head closer to the bottom surface of the roof plate. During the extension process, the first-stage moving end 11a extends first, followed by the second-stage moving end 11b after it has fully extended. As the second-stage moving end 11b gradually extends after the first-stage moving end 11a has fully extended, the top surface of the connecting plate 20 gradually contacts the rubber limiter on the first-stage moving end 11a. When the positioning ring 21 contacts, the height of the connecting plate 20 is restricted. As the secondary moving end 11b continues to rise, the moving shaft 24 inside the fixed cylinder 22 is gradually pulled out. During the process of the moving shaft 24 being pulled out, the oil in the hydraulic oil tank 27 is drawn into the fixed cylinder 22 through the cooperation of the one-way valve 30 of the connecting pipe 3 and the connecting pipe 26. At the same time, since the length of the connecting rod 33 is fixed, as the secondary moving end 11b continues to rise, the rotating plate 32, which was originally in a vertical state, gradually deflects and tilts, thereby shielding the parts below the rotating plate 32 and preventing the falling rocks from damaging the parts.

[0048] When the irregular cone head approaches the top plate, the extension of the column 11 stops. Because the originally extended portions of the connecting column 50 and the impact head 51 are compressed downwards by the top plate to a certain rectangular shape, the buffer pad 45 separates from the annular pad 44 by a certain rectangular shape. Then, the telescopic cylinder 46 extends, and the moving end of the telescopic cylinder 46 drives the pressure plate 47 downwards. At this time, the sliding column 49 on the pressure plate 47 is in the inner vertical groove 48. As the pressure plate 47 moves downwards, it gradually contacts the rectangular plate 41 and pushes the rectangular plate 41 downwards together. At this time, the spring 40 is gradually compressed further, and the impact head 51 also moves downwards along the cylindrical through groove 43, gradually increasing the distance between it and the top plate. When the sliding column 49 continues to move downwards along the groove 48, the sliding column 49 gradually enters the lower inclined groove 48. The inclined groove 48 tilts outward, causing the pressure plate 47 to passively and gradually move outward and detach from the top surface of the rectangular plate 41. The moment the pressure plate 47 detaches from the rectangular plate 41, the compressed spring 40 instantly resets, causing the impact head 51 to move rapidly upward and impact the top plate. This impact is transmitted to the inside of the top plate, damaging the connection between the anchor rod and the top plate, making the connection between the anchor rod and the top plate looser. When the sliding column 49 enters the outer vertical groove 48, the telescopic cylinder 46 is activated to retract, causing the pressure plate 47 to gradually rise. During the rise of the pressure plate 47, the sliding column 49 gradually enters the upper inclined groove 48, causing the pressure plate 47 to gradually move inward again, so that the pressure plate 47 is once again directly above the rectangular plate 41. This process can be repeated multiple times to impact and loosen the top plate.

[0049] After the top plate is loosened multiple times by the impact head 51, the column 11 is then activated to continue extending, so that the irregular cone head 6 gradually applies static pressure to the top plate. During this process, the irregular cone head can not only destroy the anchor rods that have been loosened in the top plate, but also squeeze and cooperate with the top plate to shear the metal mesh. As the static pressure is continuously applied, the top plate is broken more easily, and the top plate can collapse smoothly.

[0050] At the same time, while applying static pressure to the roof plate through the irregular cone head, the impact component 35 can still repeatedly apply impact force, thereby further improving the damage to the roof plate, making the roof plate collapse faster, and improving the quality and efficiency of roof breaking.

[0051] Based on the above description in this specification, those skilled in the art will also understand that terms used, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," which indicate orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification. They are only for the purpose of facilitating the explanation of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not explicitly or implicitly suggest that the device or element involved must have the specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above-mentioned orientation or positional relationship terms should not be understood or interpreted as limitations on the present invention.

[0052] In addition, in the description of this specification, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

Claims

1. A roof-breaking device for coal mining faces, characterized in that: It includes a connecting seat fixedly installed on the outer side of the bottom end of the hydraulic support. A horizontal moving component is provided at the outer end of the connecting seat. A top breaking mechanism is provided at the moving end of the horizontal moving component. The top breaking mechanism includes a base connected to the horizontal moving end. Columns capable of multi-stage extension and retraction are symmetrically arranged on the base. A top beam is provided at the output end of the column through a connecting column. An irregularly shaped cone head is detachably installed on the top surface of the top beam. A stabilizing component is provided between the top beam and the base.

2. The roof-breaking device for a coal mining face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal moving component includes a connecting block. The left end of the connecting block is fixedly connected to the outer end of the connecting seat. A receiving groove is provided on the front side of the connecting block. Several telescopic jacks are vertically arranged in the receiving groove. The moving ends of the several telescopic jacks are connected to a connector. The connector is fixedly connected to the left side of the base.

3. The roof-breaking device for a coal mining face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column adopts a two-stage emulsion oil cylinder, and the top of the irregular cone head adopts a cross cone structure.

4. The roof-breaking device for a coal mining face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilizing assembly includes a shield beam rotatably connected to the lower right end of the top beam. A front link and a rear link are rotatably mounted on the end of the shield beam away from the top beam. The other ends of the front link and the rear link are rotatably connected to the right side of the base.

5. A roof-breaking device for coal mining faces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top beam has detachable mounting plates on both the front and rear sides at its lower end.

6. A roof-breaking device for coal mining faces according to claim 5, characterized in that: A protective mechanism is installed between the mounting plate and the column. The protective mechanism includes a first protective component and a second protective component. The first and second protective components can automatically be in a protective state by extending the moving end of the column. When the first protective component is in the protective state, it cooperates with the fixed end of the column to buffer the rapidly falling top beam and reduce the falling height of the top beam. When the second protective component is in the protective state, it can guide the debris falling from the front and rear sides of the top beam when it breaks through the roof.

7. A roof-breaking device for coal mining faces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protective component includes symmetrically arranged connecting plates that are sleeved and slide on the primary moving ends of the corresponding side columns. Each primary moving end of the column is equipped with a rubber limiting ring at its top. The top surfaces of the connecting plates on both the front and rear sides of the column are hinged with fixed cylinders. Each fixed cylinder contains a sliding shaft with a piston. The sliding shafts on both the left and right sides are hinged to the side of the mounting plate on the same side. The lower end of the fixed cylinder is equipped with connecting pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2, which communicate with the inside of the fixed cylinder. The diameter of connecting pipe 1 is larger than that of connecting pipe 2. The top surface of the fixed end of the horizontal moving component is equipped with a hydraulic oil tank. One side of the hydraulic oil tank is equipped with an oil outlet and an oil inlet. Connecting pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2 are connected to the oil outlet and oil inlet respectively through pipes. Both connecting pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2 are equipped with check valves. The check valve on connecting pipe 1 only allows inflow and not outflow, while the check valve on connecting pipe 2 only allows outflow and not inflow.

8. A roof-breaking device for coal mining faces according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second protective component includes two rotating plates that are rotatably mounted on the front and rear sides of the top beam. The lower side of the rotating plates is symmetrically hinged with connecting rods one, and the other end of the connecting rods one on the left and right sides is respectively hinged to the top surface of the connecting plates on both sides.

9. A roof-breaking device for coal mining faces according to claim 1, characterized in that: An impact assembly is also installed below the top beam. The impact assembly includes a power storage unit and a punch head located at the output end of the power storage unit. The punch head and the output end of the power storage unit can pass through the top beam and the middle of the irregular cone head.

10. A roof-breaking device for coal mining faces according to claim 9, characterized in that: The power storage unit includes an I-shaped plate set on the bottom surface of the mounting plate. A spring is set on the top surface of the I-shaped plate, and a rectangular plate is set on the top of the spring. An impact column that can pass through the top beam and the irregular cone head is set on the top surface of the rectangular plate. Telescopic cylinders are set on both sides of the bottom surface of the top beam. The moving end of the telescopic cylinder faces downward and a pressure plate is set on the top surface of the moving end. When the pressure plate descends through the telescopic cylinder, it first pushes the rectangular plate downward a certain distance and then separates from the rectangular plate. When it rises through the telescopic cylinder, it moves back to directly above the rectangular plate. The punch head includes a connecting column two set on the top of the impact column. Several impact heads are detachably set on the top surface of the connecting column two.

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