A multi-stage combustion vaporizer

Abstract

The application discloses a multistage combustion vaporization furnace, and relates to the technical field of vaporization furnaces. The multistage combustion vaporization furnace comprises a main furnace body, an auxiliary furnace body and a screening and feeding device; a plurality of partition members are arranged in the main furnace body; the main furnace body is sequentially divided into a drying chamber, a preheating chamber and a first combustion chamber from top to bottom by the plurality of partition members; each partition member comprises a blanking channel; a pushing device and an opening and closing device capable of opening and closing the blanking channel are further arranged in the main furnace body; the auxiliary furnace body is formed into a second combustion chamber; the screening and feeding device can receive carbon residue of the main furnace body, screen out unburned carbon residue and send the unburned carbon residue into the second combustion chamber; the main furnace body is further provided with a flue gas flow guide member and a heat conduction member; the two ends of the flue gas flow guide member extend to the drying chamber and the first combustion chamber respectively; and the two ends of the heat conduction member extend to the first combustion chamber and the preheating chamber respectively. The application can guarantee the sufficient combustion of fuel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of gasification furnaces, and in particular to a multi-stage combustion gasification furnace. Background Technology

[0002] As the core heat supply equipment in corrugated paper production, the gasification furnace provides energy for pulping, drying and other processes by gasifying and burning biomass fuels such as waste paper scraps, wood pulp residue, and straw. It is an important way for enterprises to realize the resource utilization of solid waste and reduce production costs.

[0003] Most existing biomass gasification furnaces are single-chamber integrated structures, where biomass fuel completes only one combustion reaction inside the furnace, and the resulting carbon slag is directly discharged from the furnace after combustion.

[0004] For the above solutions, when the composition or form of the fuel is uneven and the moisture content exceeds the standard, the combustion process is difficult to be fully carried out. The carbon residue obtained after the fuel is burned once will include burnt carbon residue and a large amount of unburnt carbon residue. This type of unburnt carbon residue still has high combustibility and cannot be directly discharged. Even if improvements are made by optimizing the air distribution in the furnace and extending the residence time of the fuel in the furnace, it is difficult to fundamentally improve the combustion efficiency of the carbon residue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To ensure complete combustion of fuel, this application provides a multi-stage combustion gasification furnace.

[0006] The multi-stage combustion vaporization furnace provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A multi-stage combustion gasification furnace includes a main furnace body, an auxiliary furnace body, and a screening and feeding device. The main furnace body is internally equipped with multiple partitions that divide the interior of the main furnace body from top to bottom into a drying chamber, a preheating chamber, and a first combustion chamber. Each partition includes a material discharge channel. The main furnace body is also equipped with a pushing device and an opening / closing device for the material discharge channel. The auxiliary furnace body forms a second combustion chamber. The screening and feeding device receives carbon slag from the main furnace body and screens out unburned carbon slag to feed into the second combustion chamber. The main furnace body is also provided with a flue gas guide and a heat conduction component. The two ends of the flue gas guide extend to the drying chamber and the first combustion chamber, respectively, and the two ends of the heat conduction component extend to the first combustion chamber and the preheating chamber, respectively.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, after the fuel enters the main furnace, the opening and closing device and the pushing device enable the fuel to sequentially reach the drying chamber, preheating chamber, and first combustion chamber, thereby completing the drying, preheating, and first combustion processes in sequence. Specifically, when the fuel has an uneven morphology and excessive moisture content, the flue gas guide can guide the high-temperature flue gas generated in the first combustion chamber to the drying chamber to remove as much moisture as possible from the fuel. The heat-conducting component can recover the heat from the first combustion chamber and conduct it to the preheating chamber to dry and preheat the fuel, improving the basic conditions for fuel combustion. Afterwards, the opening and closing device and the pushing device again push the fuel to the screening and feeding device after the first combustion. The screening and feeding device can separate the burnt carbon slag from the unburnt carbon slag and send the unburnt carbon slag to the second combustion chamber for a second combustion. The above-mentioned multi-stage combustion process ensures complete combustion of the fuel.

[0008] Preferably, the partition is a partition plate, and at least two partition plates are provided. Each partition plate is arranged horizontally and connected to the main furnace body, and each partition plate has an installation hole. The flue gas guide is a flue gas guide pipe, which is inserted into the installation hole. The flue gas guide pipe includes a flue gas inlet located in the first combustion chamber and a flue gas outlet located in the drying chamber.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the high-temperature flue gas in the first combustion chamber can enter the flue gas guide pipe through the flue gas inlet and then be guided to the drying chamber through the flue gas outlet, thereby realizing the directional transportation of high-temperature flue gas; the high temperature of the flue gas is used to dry the fuel in the drying chamber, thereby reducing the fuel moisture content and creating conditions for subsequent burnout carbon slag.

[0010] Preferably, the pushing device includes a pushing component connected to the flue gas guide pipe, the flue gas guide pipe being rotatably connected to the main furnace body, the flue gas guide pipe being connected to a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft extending to the outside of the main furnace body and being connected to a driving component.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the drive component can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the flue gas guide pipe and the pusher component to rotate synchronously. The rotating pusher component can push the fuel in each chamber, thereby pushing the fuel to the discharge channel and realizing the orderly discharge of fuel.

[0012] Preferably, the pushing component includes a rake and a scraper connected to the flue gas guide pipe, the bottom end of the scraper is attached to the partition plate, and the rake is located above the scraper.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the scraper can scrape up and push all the fuel on the partition plate during the rotation process, which can avoid fuel residue accumulation on the partition plate; the rake can rak and disperse the fuel pushed by the scraper, which can break up the clumps of fuel, thereby greatly increasing the heating area of ​​the fuel and ensuring uniform heating of the fuel during drying, preheating and combustion.

[0014] Preferably, the scraper includes a blade at one end, the upper end of which is formed into a guide slope, and the rake includes a plurality of parallel rake teeth, the guide slope facilitating the guidance of fuel to the space between the plurality of rake teeth.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the blade can reduce the resistance during the scraping process and easily scrape the fuel on the partition plate; the guide slope can guide the fuel scraped by the scraper upward so that the fuel accurately enters between multiple rake teeth. This design can ensure that the rake teeth can fully disperse the fuel.

[0016] Preferably, the heat-conducting component includes a heat-receiving part and a heat-storing part connected together. The heat-receiving part is located in the first combustion chamber. The partition plate has a receiving groove located below the preheating chamber. The heat-storing part is disposed in the receiving groove.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the heating section can fully absorb the high-temperature heat generated by the combustion in the first combustion chamber and then transfer the heat to the heat storage section. The heat storage section can continuously release the absorbed heat to the preheating chamber to achieve continuous preheating of the fuel in the preheating chamber.

[0018] Preferably, the opening and closing device includes a rotating ring sleeved on the flue gas guide pipe, the rotating ring is connected to a sealing plate, the sealing plate is connected to a handle extending to the outside of the main furnace body, and the main furnace body has a receiving groove for the handle to move.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the operator or machine can turn the handle outside the main furnace to drive the rotating ring and the sealing plate to rotate synchronously, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the material discharge channel.

[0020] Preferably, the screening and feeding device is a drum screen.

[0021] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. After the fuel enters the main furnace, the opening and closing device and the pushing device allow the fuel to sequentially reach the drying chamber, preheating chamber, and first combustion chamber, thus completing the drying, preheating, and first combustion processes in sequence. Specifically, when the fuel has an uneven morphology and excessive moisture content, the flue gas guide can guide the high-temperature flue gas generated in the first combustion chamber to the drying chamber to remove as much moisture as possible from the fuel. The heat-conducting component can recover the heat from the first combustion chamber and transfer it to the preheating chamber to dry and preheat the fuel, improving the basic combustion conditions. Afterwards, the opening and closing device and the pushing device again push the fuel to the screening and feeding device after the first combustion. The screening and feeding device can separate the burnt carbon slag from the unburnt carbon slag and send the unburnt carbon slag to the second combustion chamber for a second combustion. This multi-stage combustion process ensures complete combustion of the fuel. 2. During rotation, the scraper can scrape up and push all the fuel on the partition plate, preventing fuel residue from accumulating on the partition plate; the rake can break up the fuel pushed by the scraper, which can break up the clumps of fuel and thus greatly increase the heating area of ​​the fuel, thereby ensuring uniform heating of the fuel during drying, preheating and combustion; the blade can reduce the resistance during the scraping process and easily scrape up the fuel on the partition plate; the guide slope can guide the fuel scraped by the scraper upwards so that the fuel accurately enters between multiple rake teeth. This design can ensure that the rake teeth fully break up the fuel. 3. The drive component can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the flue gas guide pipe and the pusher to rotate synchronously. The rotating pusher can push the fuel in each chamber, so that the fuel is pushed to the discharge channel, realizing the orderly discharge of fuel. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-stage combustion gasification furnace according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a sectional view used to show the main furnace body; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view used to illustrate the material feeding channel; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of section A; Figure 5 It is a sectional view used to show the closed plate; Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of section B; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a drum screen.

[0023] In the attached diagram, the following are labeled: 1. Main furnace body; 11. Cover plate; 12. Partition plate; 121. Material discharge channel; 122. Mounting hole; 13. Drying chamber; 14. Preheating chamber; 15. First combustion chamber; 16. Pushing device; 161. Pushing component; 1611. Rake; 16111. Rake teeth; 1612. Scraper; 16121. Blade; 16122. Guide slope; 17. Opening and closing device; 171. Rotating ring; 17 2. Installation cavity; 173. Enclosed plate; 174. Handle; 175. Receiving groove; 18. Flue gas guide pipe; 181. Smoke inlet; 182. Smoke outlet; 19. Heat-conducting component; 191. Heating section; 192. Heat storage section; 193. Receiving groove; 2. Auxiliary furnace body; 21. Second combustion chamber; 3. Drum screen; 31. Feed inlet; 32. Discharge outlet; 4. Rotating shaft; 5. Driving component; 6. Frame; 7. Receiving funnel. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0026] This application discloses a multi-stage combustion gasification furnace, designed to ensure complete combustion of fuel as much as possible.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A multi-stage combustion gasification furnace includes a main furnace body 1, an auxiliary furnace body 2, and a screening and feeding device located between the main furnace body 1 and the auxiliary furnace body 2. The screening and feeding device is a drum screen 3. The main furnace body 1 includes a cover plate 11 that can be opened and closed at the top. When the cover plate 11 is opened, fuel can be added into the main furnace body 1. The main furnace body 1 is provided with multiple partitions, which divide the interior of the main furnace body 1 from top to bottom into a drying chamber 13, a preheating chamber 14, and a first combustion chamber 15.

[0028] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 Each partition includes a material discharge channel 121, and the main furnace body 1 is also equipped with a pushing device 16 and an opening and closing device 17 capable of opening and closing the material discharge channel 121. Combined with Figure 1 The interior of the auxiliary furnace body 2 forms a second combustion chamber 21. The drum screen 3 can receive the mixed carbon slag of the main furnace body 1 and screen out the unburned carbon slag to be sent into the second combustion chamber 21.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The main furnace body 1 is also equipped with a flue gas guide and a heat conduction component 19. The flue gas guide is a flue gas guide pipe 18, with both ends of the flue gas guide pipe 18 extending to the drying chamber 13 and the first combustion chamber 15, respectively. The two ends of the heat conduction component 19 extend to the first combustion chamber 15 and the preheating chamber 14, respectively. In addition, to ensure reliable combustion, both the first combustion chamber 15 and the second combustion chamber 21 are equipped with auxiliary accessories such as an oxygen supply system, an air supply system, an igniter, a flame detector, and temperature and pressure detectors. The specific structure is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0030] Open the cover plate 11 and put the fuel with uneven shape and excessive moisture content into the main furnace body 1. Use the opening and closing device 17 and the pushing device 16 to make the fuel pass through the feeding channel 121 to the drying chamber 13, the preheating chamber 14 and the first combustion chamber 15 in sequence, thereby completing the drying, preheating and first combustion treatment in sequence. Specifically, initially, some fuel needs to be pre-filled in the first combustion chamber 15 and the fuel needs to be burned for the first time. At this time, when the fuel reaches the drying chamber 13, the flue gas guide pipe 18 will guide the fuel combustion products in the first combustion chamber 15. The high-temperature flue gas is guided to the drying chamber 13 to remove the moisture carried by the fuel. When the fuel reaches the preheating chamber 14, the heat-conducting element 19 can recover the heat of the first combustion chamber 15 and conduct it to the preheating chamber 14 to preheat the fuel and improve the basic combustion conditions of the fuel. After the fuel enters the first combustion chamber 15 and completes the first combustion, the fuel will enter the drum screen 3. The drum screen 3 can separate the burnt carbon residue and the unburnt carbon residue. The unburnt carbon residue will be sent to the second combustion chamber 21 for the second combustion. The burnt carbon residue will be discharged by the drum screen 3.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 The partition is a partition plate 12, of which there are two. Each partition plate 12 is arranged horizontally and fixedly connected to the main furnace body 1. Each partition plate 12 has a vertically penetrating mounting hole 122 at its center. A flue gas guide pipe 18 is inserted into multiple mounting holes 122. The flue gas guide pipe 18 is rotatably connected to the mounting holes 122. The flue gas guide pipe 18 is connected to the bottom of the main furnace body 1. The flue gas guide pipe 18 includes a flue gas inlet 181 located in the first combustion chamber 15 and a flue gas outlet 182 located in the drying chamber 13. The flue gas generated by fuel combustion in the first combustion chamber 15 can enter the flue gas inlet 181 and be discharged from the flue gas outlet 182 into the drying chamber 13 through the flue gas guide pipe 18.

[0032] Reference Figure 4The heat-conducting component 19 includes a heat-receiving part 191 and a heat-storing part 192 connected to each other. The heat-receiving part 191 is located inside the first combustion chamber 15. A receiving groove 193 is opened at the upper end of the partition plate 12 at the lowest position. The receiving groove 193 is located below the preheating chamber 14. The heat-storing part 192 is an open annular component. The material of the heat-storing part 192 is, for example, a high-temperature alloy or heat-resistant stainless steel. The heat-storing part 192 is disposed inside the receiving groove 193. The heat-receiving part 191 can recover heat from the first combustion chamber 15 and conduct it to the heat-storing part 192. The heat-storing part 192 can preheat the fuel placed in the preheating chamber 14. In addition, in order to further increase the preheating effect, the flue gas guide pipe 18 is also made of a material that is easy to conduct heat, such as a high-temperature alloy.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 The material discharge channel 121 is fan-shaped. The opening and closing device 17 includes a rotating ring 171 sleeved on the flue gas guide pipe 18. An installation cavity 172 is opened inside the partition plate 12. The rotating ring 171 is connected to a sealing plate 173. Both the rotating ring 171 and the sealing plate 173 are located within the installation cavity 172. A handle 174 extending to the outside of the main furnace body 1 is connected to the sealing plate 173. A receiving groove 175 is opened on the main furnace body 1 for the handle 174 to move. The sealing plate 173 can be rotated by applying force to the handle 174 manually or by machine to open and close the material discharge channel 121. When the rotation of the sealing plate 173 becomes stuck, the blockage can be cleared through the receiving groove 175.

[0034] Reference Figure 6 The feeding device 16 includes a feeding component 161 connected to the flue gas guide pipe 18, combined with... Figure 2 The flue gas guide pipe 18 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the main furnace body 1. The bottom of the flue gas guide pipe 18 is connected to a rotating shaft 4. The rotating shaft 4 extends downward to the outside of the main furnace body 1 and is connected to a drive component 5. The drive component 5 is, for example, a geared motor. The bottom of the main furnace body 1 is connected to a frame 6, and the drive component 5 is installed on the frame 6.

[0035] The drive component 5 can drive the rotating shaft 4 to rotate, thereby driving the pusher component 161 to rotate and push the fuel into the discharge channel 121.

[0036] Reference Figure 6The pusher 161 includes a rake 1611 and a scraper 1612 connected to the flue gas guide pipe 18. The bottom end of the scraper 1612 is attached to the partition plate 12, and the rake 1611 is positioned above the scraper 1612. During rotation, the scraper 1612 can scrape up and push all the fuel on the partition plate 12, preventing fuel residue from accumulating on the partition plate 12. Specifically, the scraper 1612 includes a blade 16121 at the end, and the upper end of the blade 16121 is formed into a guide slope 16122. The rake 1611 includes multiple parallel rake teeth 16111. The guide slope 16122 helps to guide the fuel to the multiple rake teeth 16111 for thorough fuel dispersion, which can significantly increase the heating area of ​​the fuel, thereby ensuring uniform heating of the fuel during drying, preheating, and combustion.

[0037] Reference Figure 7 The drum screen 3 includes a feed inlet 31 and a discharge outlet 32 ​​for discharging unburned carbon slag. The frame 6 is also equipped with a receiving hopper 7, with its bottom end facing the feed inlet 31. Figure 1 The discharge port 32 faces the second combustion chamber 21 inside the auxiliary furnace body 2. The specific structure of the drum screen 3 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0038] The feed inlet 31 of the drum screen 3 can be connected to the receiving hopper 7 so that the mixed carbon slag discharged from the first combustion chamber 15 can smoothly enter the drum screen 3 through the receiving hopper 7. The drum screen 3 can automatically screen the mixed carbon slag and effectively separate the burnt carbon slag from the unburnt carbon slag. The burnt carbon slag can be screened out, and the unburnt carbon slag can automatically enter the second combustion chamber 21 of the auxiliary furnace body 2 from the discharge port 32 facing the auxiliary furnace body 2 for a second combustion.

[0039] The implementation principle of a multi-stage combustion gasification furnace in this application embodiment is as follows: Open the cover plate 11 and put the fuel with uneven shape and excessive moisture content into the main furnace body 1. At this time, the fuel with uneven shape and excessive moisture content will be located in the drying chamber 13. First, some fuel is pre-placed in the first combustion chamber 15 and ignited. At this time, the flue gas guide will guide the high temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of fuel in the first combustion chamber 15 to the drying chamber 13 to remove the moisture carried by the fuel. Then, operate handle 174 to open material feeding channel 121, drive drive component 5 to drive flue gas guide pipe 18 to rotate, causing pusher component 161 to rotate and push fuel to preheating chamber 14. At this time, heating part 191 will recover heat from first combustion chamber 15 and conduct it to heat storage part 192 to preheat fuel in contact with heat storage part 192 to improve basic combustion conditions of fuel. Then, the handle 174 is operated to open the feeding channel 121, allowing the fuel in the preheating chamber 14 to fall into the first combustion chamber 15, where the fuel in the first combustion chamber 15 is burned to obtain carbon slag, which is a mixture of burnt carbon slag and unburnt carbon slag. The feeding channel 121 is then opened again, allowing the mixed carbon slag to reach the drum screen 3 through the receiving funnel 7. The burnt carbon slag is screened out by the drum screen 3, while the unburnt carbon slag is discharged by the drum screen 3 to the second combustion chamber 21. Finally, the second combustion of the unburnt carbon slag is completed in the second combustion chamber 21.

[0040] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage combustion gasification furnace, characterized in that: The furnace includes a main furnace body (1), an auxiliary furnace body (2), and a screening and feeding device. The main furnace body (1) is provided with multiple partitions, which divide the interior of the main furnace body (1) into a drying chamber (13), a preheating chamber (14), and a first combustion chamber (15) from top to bottom. Each partition includes a material discharge channel (121). The main furnace body (1) is also provided with a pushing device (16) and an opening and closing device (17) that can open and close the material discharge channel (121). The auxiliary furnace body (2) is formed into a second combustion chamber (21). The screening and feeding device can receive the carbon slag from the main furnace body (1) and screen out unburned carbon slag to send into the second combustion chamber (21). The main furnace body (1) is also provided with a flue gas guide and a heat conduction component (19). The two ends of the flue gas guide extend to the drying chamber (13) and the first combustion chamber (15) respectively, and the two ends of the heat conduction component (19) extend to the first combustion chamber (15) and the preheating chamber (14) respectively.

2. The multi-stage combustion gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The partition is a partition plate (12), and there are at least two partition plates (12). Each partition plate (12) is arranged horizontally and connected to the main furnace body (1). Each partition plate (12) has an installation hole (122). The flue gas guide is a flue gas guide pipe (18), which is inserted into the installation hole (122). The flue gas guide pipe (18) includes a smoke inlet (181) located in the first combustion chamber (15) and a smoke outlet (182) located in the drying chamber (13).

3. The multi-stage combustion gasification furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feeding device (16) includes a feeding component (161) connected to the flue gas guide pipe (18), the flue gas guide pipe (18) is rotatably connected to the main furnace body (1), the flue gas guide pipe (18) is connected to a rotating shaft (4), the rotating shaft (4) extends to the outside of the main furnace body (1) and is connected to a driving component (5).

4. A multi-stage combustion gasification furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pusher (161) includes a rake (1611) and a scraper (1612) connected to the flue gas guide pipe (18). The bottom end of the scraper (1612) is attached to the partition plate (12), and the rake (1611) is located above the scraper (1612).

5. A multi-stage combustion gasification furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The scraper (1612) includes a blade (16121) at the end, the upper end of which is formed into a guide slope (16122). The rake (1611) includes a plurality of parallel rake teeth (16111), and the guide slope (16122) helps to guide fuel between the plurality of rake teeth (16111).

6. A multi-stage combustion gasification furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat-conducting component (19) includes a heat-receiving part (191) and a heat-storing part (192) connected to each other. The heat-receiving part (191) is located in the first combustion chamber (15). The partition plate (12) has a receiving groove (193) located below the preheating chamber (14). The heat-storing part (192) is located in the receiving groove (193).

7. A multi-stage combustion gasification furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening and closing device (17) includes a rotating ring (171) sleeved on the flue gas guide pipe (18), the rotating ring (171) is connected to a sealing plate (173), the sealing plate (173) is connected to a handle (174) extending to the outside of the main furnace body (1), and the main furnace body (1) has a receiving groove (175) for the handle (174) to move.

8. A multi-stage combustion gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening and feeding device is a drum screen (3).

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