Wide-range hypersensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on biological antenna gating-spring model

Abstract

This application provides a wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological antenna-gated spring model, relating to the field of fluid measurement technology. The sensor includes: a housing with a through-hole at its top; a flow field sensing module comprising a force-bearing rod and an inner core; a portion of the force-bearing rod passing through the through-hole and fixedly connected to the inner core disposed inside the housing; the force-bearing rod oscillating around or through the center of the through-hole, driving the inner core to move within the housing; and an electrical signal generation module disposed between the housing and the inner core, configured to acquire and transmit the motion information of the inner core. This application cleverly coordinates the contradiction between sensitivity and range by combining a lever amplification structure of "force-bearing rod-inner core," broadening the dynamic measurement range of the sensor. By increasing or decreasing the number of stages of the aerodynamic enhancement components, the sensing range of the flow field sensor can be rapidly adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fluid measurement technology, and more specifically, to a wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacles-gated spring model. Background Technology

[0002] Sensors, as information acquisition devices, have become core components of the current Internet of Things (IoT) sensing layer and industrial automation information extraction. Flow field sensors, in particular, are core components of these technologies and are widely used in aerospace, meteorological monitoring, UAV autonomous navigation, and municipal management. By acquiring various fluid parameters, they allow for understanding and mastering fluid flow processes, enabling automated control of production processes, and energy management. This ensures product quality, improves production efficiency, and saves energy. Especially in today's era of energy crisis and increasing industrial automation, the role of flow field sensors in the national economy is becoming increasingly significant. However, with the ever-increasing demands for flow field sensing in various fields, traditional flow field sensors are gradually revealing limitations in areas such as sensing range and sensitivity coordination, structural flexibility, flow direction information acquisition, environmental adaptability, and sensing power supply, making them unable to meet the application needs of complex scenarios.

[0003] As two core dimensions for evaluating the sensing capability of flow field sensors, sensing range and sensing sensitivity directly determine the device's adaptability to operating conditions and its micro-feature capture limit in complex aerodynamic environments. However, existing sensors face an irreconcilable physical contradiction between wide sensing range and high sensing sensitivity. To achieve a wide sensing range to adapt to complex fluid environments, sensors often require sensitive elements with high stiffness. However, high-stiffness structures are difficult to strain under micro-flow disturbances, preventing the sensor from achieving high sensing sensitivity. Conversely, to obtain high sensitivity, sensors often use sensitive elements with low stiffness, which are highly susceptible to mechanical saturation or fracture failure under high-speed flow field impacts. This contradiction results in a serious sensing blind zone for single sensors in practical applications. Achieving cross-scale, wide-range ultra-sensitive sensing from weak flow fields to high-speed turbulence has extremely high practical application value and scientific significance.

[0004] Furthermore, flow direction, as a key flow field information, reflects the specific location of flow field disturbances. Flow direction sensing capability is also a core performance indicator of flow field sensors. Currently, the application scenarios of flow field sensors are extending from simple unidirectional flow velocity measurement to complex three-dimensional dynamic flow field monitoring. Multi-directional accurate flow direction sensing has become a necessity for scenarios such as UAV attitude adjustment, gas leak tracing, and natural environment wind field monitoring. Some scenarios even require the realization of omnidirectional flow direction sensing in a plane. However, due to the structural flow direction sensing blind spots of existing single-axis or dual-axis sensors, it is difficult to meet the omnidirectional sensing requirements of flow field orientation. In order to meet the needs of practical applications, flow field sensors with omnidirectional sensing capabilities have become the current research focus in the field of sensing.

[0005] Therefore, a wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model is proposed to solve one of the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model, which can solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems. The specific solution is as follows: According to a specific embodiment of this application, this embodiment provides a wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model, including: A housing, wherein a through hole is provided at the top of the housing; A flow field sensing module, comprising: a force-bearing rod and an inner core; a portion of the force-bearing rod passes through the through hole and is fixedly connected to the inner core disposed inside the housing; the force-bearing rod swings around or through the center of the through hole, driving the inner core to move within the housing; An electrical signal generating module is disposed between the housing and the inner core, and is configured to collect and transmit motion information of the inner core.

[0007] In some embodiments, the interior of the housing contains a plurality of centrally symmetrical grooves evenly distributed at its top and bottom vertices.

[0008] In some embodiments, the electrical signal generating module includes an elastic coupling unit with its two ends respectively disposed in the inner core and the groove, a strain sensing unit disposed in the elastic coupling unit, and a signal output unit disposed in the groove; the elastic coupling unit collects the relative motion between the inner core and the shell, and the resulting deformation is obtained by the strain sensing unit through an electrical signal and transmitted through the signal output unit.

[0009] In some embodiments, the signal output unit transmits signals via wires, and the wires between different signal output units in the same trench are connected in series, while the wires between different trenches are connected in parallel.

[0010] In some embodiments, the elastic coupling unit is selected from an elastic body with nonlinearly varying stiffness, and the stiffness remains consistent in the circumferential direction of the array.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the strain sensing unit is configured as a piezoelectric sensing material, one or more of lead zirconate titanate, barium titanate, potassium sodium niobate, sodium bismuth titanate, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers are selected; when the strain sensing unit is configured as a resistance sensing material, one or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, silver and gold are selected.

[0012] In some embodiments, the connection between the force-bearing rod and the inner core is located inside the through hole, and the center of gravity of the entire flow field sensing module is located below the connection between the force-bearing rod and the inner core. The length ratio of the force-bearing rod to the inner core is (2~8):1.

[0013] In some embodiments, the top end of the force-bearing rod is provided with a pneumatic enhancement component, which is a centrally symmetric rotating body structure with a cross-sectional area larger than that of the force-bearing rod.

[0014] In some embodiments, the aerodynamic enhancement component has a multi-level nested structure from top to bottom.

[0015] In some embodiments, the inlet and outlet holes provided on the housing are sealed by sealing plugs.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the above-described solutions of this application have at least the following beneficial effects: This application cleverly balances the conflict between sensitivity and measurement range by introducing an elastic coupling unit with nonlinear stiffness and combining it with a lever amplification structure of "force rod-inner core". Under minor flow field disturbances, the low-stiffness spring combined with the long lever arm achieves effective sensing; under strong flow field disturbances, the nonlinear hardening effect of the array spring stiffness provides effective mechanical limiting and overload protection, broadening the dynamic measurement range of the sensor. This application features multi-level nested aerodynamic enhancement components. By increasing or decreasing the number of levels of these components, the sensing range of the flow field sensor can be rapidly adjusted, thereby meeting the requirements for effective sensing of complex and variable flow fields and reducing the loss of flow field information. This application employs a "coaxial nesting" and "spherical pivot" structure, achieving omnidirectional flow field sensing while sealing the core sensing element inside the housing. This structure effectively isolates the sensor from external environmental factors such as dust, rain corrosion, and mechanical impacts, significantly improving the sensor's robustness and lifespan in harsh environments. This application can set the sensor as a piezoelectric or resistive strain flow field sensor by changing the material of the strain sensing unit and the internal structure of the housing, so as to realize self-powered sensing of the flow field or real-time monitoring of the flow field state, and meet different sensing application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the resistive wide-area ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor structure based on a biological tentacle gating-spring model provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the housing of a resistive wide-area ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the aerodynamic enhancement component structure of a resistive wide-area ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a piezoelectric wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the housing of a piezoelectric wide-area ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated spring model provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the aerodynamic enhancement component of a piezoelectric wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological antenna-gated spring model, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: In the diagram: 1. Shell, 11. Spherical support structure, 12. Groove, 131. Top through hole, 132. Inlet hole, 133. Outlet hole, 2. Flow field sensing module, 21. Force rod, 22. Inner core, 23. Aerodynamic enhancement component, 231. First-stage aerodynamic enhancement component, 232. Second-stage aerodynamic enhancement component, 233. Third-stage aerodynamic enhancement component, 234. Fourth-stage aerodynamic enhancement component, 3. Electrical signal generation module, 31. Elastic coupling unit, 32. Strain sensing unit, 33. Signal output unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device that includes said element.

[0021] Regarding the sensing range of sensors, traditional sensor structures suffer from poor sensing flexibility due to their fixed mechanical structures. Specifically, the aerodynamic capture components of traditional flow field sensors, such as MEMS probes or wind cups, are typically integrally molded, with their geometry, frontal area, and lever arm length permanently locked after manufacturing. This means that a single sensor can only sense within a specific flow velocity range. However, the flow field environment in real-world applications is often highly uncertain. Faced with constantly changing flow field conditions, the fixed sensor structure is difficult to adjust in situ, leading to missing flow field information or frequent sensor replacements. Therefore, developing a flow field sensor that can rapidly adjust aerodynamic parameters through modular components according to real-time operating conditions is of significant engineering importance for achieving accurate sensing of complex flow fields.

[0022] Environmental adaptability and lifespan directly determine the breadth of application scenarios and the length of operation time of flow field sensors. However, in pursuit of high sensitivity, current mainstream MEMS or hot-wire flow field sensors often expose extremely fragile sensing elements, such as micron-sized cantilever beams and metal wires, directly to the flow field being measured. This makes the sensors highly susceptible to damage from sand and dust particles, rain and moisture corrosion, and accidental mechanical collisions during practical applications, resulting in extremely poor environmental lifespan and a very short lifespan. Therefore, how to achieve physical isolation and protection of the core sensing elements through scientific housing encapsulation without sacrificing sensing performance is the key to improving the versatility and robustness of sensors.

[0023] With the explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and distributed networks, hundreds of millions of sensors have been deployed worldwide. Traditional sensors rely on external power sources, resulting in significant energy consumption. Furthermore, the operating time and application scenarios of sensors are constrained by power supply conditions, directly limiting long-term application in remote or hard-to-reach areas. The increased energy supply and equipment maintenance also undoubtedly increase the cost of sensor use. Therefore, developing piezoelectric self-generating sensors that can directly convert mechanical energy in the environment into electrical signals is crucial for extending the maintenance-free cycle of equipment, expanding the application boundaries in extreme scenarios, and achieving green sensing.

[0024] Inspired by the "gated-spring" structure in the Johnston organ of arthropod tentacles, this application provides a wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model. Combining a nonlinear stiffness change mechanism and mechanical levers, it achieves sensitive perception of weak flow fields and exhibits good tolerance to high-speed flow fields, thus enabling the sensor to possess both a wide sensing range and high sensing sensitivity. By setting the aerodynamic enhancement components in a multi-level nested structure, rapid adjustment of the sensing range is achieved, breaking through the limitation of fixed sensing range in traditional flow field sensors. By integrating key sensing structures into the housing, the device exhibits excellent environmental adaptability and service life. Furthermore, depending on the material of the strain sensing unit selected for the device, it can achieve self-powered sensing of the flow field or real-time monitoring of the flow field state, solving the sensor's energy supply problem and broadening the sensor's practical application scenarios.

[0025] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 Detailed description of optional embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, this application provides a wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model, comprising: The housing 1 has an upper through hole 131 at its top end; for example, a spherical support structure 11 is provided in the upper through hole, and the spherical support structure 11 can be a spherical bearing. The flow field sensing module 2 includes a force-bearing rod 21 and an inner core 22. Part of the force-bearing rod 21 passes through the upper through hole 131 and is fixedly connected to the inner core 22 disposed inside the housing 1. The force-bearing rod 21 swings around or through the center of the upper through hole 131, driving the inner core 22 to move within the housing 1, forming a universal pivot that can be omnidirectionally deflected relative to the housing 1. An electrical signal generating module 3 is disposed inside the housing 1 and between the inner core 22, and is configured to collect and transmit motion information of the inner core 22; when the force rod 21 is deflected by the flow field disturbance, it drives the inner core 22 to squeeze or stretch the electrical signal generating module 3, thereby generating an electrical signal.

[0027] In some embodiments, the housing 1 has multiple centrally symmetrical grooves 12 evenly distributed at its upper and lower vertices. For example, the number of grooves 12 in the housing 1 should be no less than 4 sets. The centrally symmetrical layout ensures the consistency of flow field perception in all directions and eliminates directional deviation. The groove 12 structure facilitates the standardized installation of the elastic coupling unit 31.

[0028] In some embodiments, the electrical signal generating module 3 includes an elastic coupling unit 31 with its two ends respectively disposed in the inner core 22 and the groove, a strain sensing unit 32 disposed in the elastic coupling unit 31, and a signal output unit 33 disposed in the groove 12; the housing 1 is provided with multiple sets of the electrical signal generating modules 3; the number of elastic coupling units 31 disposed on each groove 12 is the same; the elastic coupling unit 31 collects the relative motion between the inner core 22 and the housing 1, and the resulting deformation is obtained by the strain sensing unit 32 through electrical signals. By analyzing the electrical signals, flow field disturbances from various directions will cause the elastic coupling units 31 in the array to... Different deformations are generated, and the corresponding flow field direction can be determined by calculating and analyzing the differences in the received array electrical signals. Simultaneously, flow field signals of different magnitudes from the same direction will also cause the elastic coupling unit 31 to deform to different degrees. Calculation and analysis of the largest electrical signal in the array reveals the magnitude of the corresponding flow field disturbance, thus achieving omnidirectional flow velocity sensing. The flow velocity is transmitted through the signal output unit 33. The combination of the elastic coupling unit 31 and the strain sensing unit 32 allows the strain sensing unit 32 to deform simultaneously with the elastic coupling unit 31. The connected signal output unit 33 effectively amplifies the electrical signals generated in the same direction. When external airflow disturbances stop or abruptly occur, the elastic potential energy stored in the elastic coupling unit 31 is released onto the inner core 22, thereby driving the flow field sensing system 2 to be quickly reset.

[0029] In some embodiments, the signal output unit 33 transmits signals via wires inserted through the perforated structure and connected to the elastic coupling unit 31. Wires between different signal output units 33 within the same trench 12 are connected in series, while wires between different trenches 12 are connected in parallel. Serial connection within the same trench 12 allows for the accumulation of strain signals in the same direction, while parallel connection between trenches 12 enables independent acquisition of signals in multiple directions. Single-point failures do not affect the overall system, improving reliability. The number of wires is reduced, lowering system complexity and electromagnetic interference. The parallel structure facilitates the differentiation of the flow field direction, enabling vector detection.

[0030] In some embodiments, the elastic coupling unit 31 is selected from an elastic body with nonlinear stiffness variation, and the stiffness remains consistent in the circumferential direction of the array. For example, the elastic body with nonlinear stiffness variation is a variable pitch spring. The variable pitch spring exhibits low stiffness characteristics in the initial small deformation stage to improve the sensing sensitivity of weak flow fields; it exhibits high stiffness characteristics in the larger deformation stage to limit the maximum displacement of the flow field sensing system, prevent overload damage, and achieve a wide sensing range by combining the stress dispersion characteristics of the array arrangement of the elastic coupling unit 31. Specifically, at small flow velocities, the wide pitch section of the variable pitch spring with lower stiffness will deform first, thereby realizing the sensing of small airflow; as the flow velocity increases and the deflection angle of the force rod 21 increases, the pitch of the wide pitch section of the variable pitch spring decreases continuously and eventually comes into contact. At this time, the dense section of the variable pitch spring deforms, which increases the equivalent stiffness of the electrical signal generation module 3, thereby preventing damage that may be caused by large stress and improving the sensing range.

[0031] In some embodiments, when the strain sensing unit 32 is configured as a piezoelectric sensing material, one or more of lead zirconate titanate, barium titanate, potassium sodium niobate, sodium bismuth titanate, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers are selected. When the strain sensing unit 32 is configured as a resistance sensing material, one or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, silver, and gold are selected. The material of the strain sensing unit 32 is compatible with both piezoelectric self-powered and resistance monitoring sensing modes, thereby solving the sensing power supply problem and adapting to the complex and ever-changing practical application needs, and realizing the simultaneous measurement of dynamic / static flow fields.

[0032] In some embodiments, the connection between the force-bearing rod 21 and the inner core 22 is located within the upper through hole 131, and the center of gravity of the flow field sensing module 2 as a whole is located below the connection between the force-bearing rod 21 and the inner core 22. The length ratio of the force-bearing rod 21 to the inner core 22 is (2~8):1, which improves the sensing sensitivity of the flow field sensor by amplifying the mechanical lever. The center of gravity of the flow field sensing module 2 as a whole is located below the spherical support structure 11, and gravity assists the flow field sensing module 2 to quickly reset, improving stability. The small displacement at the top is amplified into a significant movement of the inner core 22, improving sensitivity. A specific length ratio can adjust the system's natural frequency to match the target flow field frequency band. The lowered center of gravity reduces the influence of non-flow field factors (vibration, tilt).

[0033] In some embodiments, the top of the force-bearing rod 21 is provided with an aerodynamic enhancement component 23. The aerodynamic enhancement component 23 is a centrally symmetric rotating body structure with a cross-sectional area larger than that of the force-bearing rod 21. The larger cross-sectional area improves the flow field sensing capability of the force-bearing rod 21 and concentrates the force at the top, thereby increasing the effective length of the lever arm for sensing the flow field, which is beneficial for stress amplification. The aerodynamic enhancement component 23 is set as a multi-level nested rotating body structure, which makes the sensor sensing range easy to adjust and can stably sense omnidirectional airflow. Through the lever ratio design of the force-bearing rod 21 and the inner core 22, and the addition of the aerodynamic enhancement component 23, mechanical amplification of weak flow field signals is achieved. Combined with the elastic coupling body that exhibits low stiffness characteristics in the initial small deformation stage, sensitive sensing at low flow velocities is achieved. The large cross-sectional area increases the efficiency of capturing fluid kinetic energy and improves the signal-to-noise ratio. The rotating body structure ensures isotropic response and does not introduce directional deviation. The external structure buffers direct impact and extends service life.

[0034] In some embodiments, the aerodynamic enhancement component 23 is a multi-level nested structure from top to bottom. For example, the aerodynamic enhancement component 23 is configured from top to bottom as a four-segment nested hollow cylindrical structure consisting of a first-level aerodynamic enhancement component 231, a second-level aerodynamic enhancement component 232, a third-level aerodynamic enhancement component 233, and a fourth-level aerodynamic enhancement component 234. Each level of aerodynamic enhancement component 23 is connected to the previous level of aerodynamic enhancement component 23 through a necking structure at its bottom. While amplifying the sensing flow field disturbance, the overall sensing range of the sensor can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of overall connection segments. Each level of aerodynamic enhancement component 23 is connected to the force rod 21 through through holes at the top and bottom. By setting the aerodynamic enhancement component 23 as a multi-level nested structure, the sensing range can be quickly adjusted. By sealing the main sensing structure inside the housing 1, the environmental adaptability and service life of the flow field sensor are effectively improved. Structures of different scales respond to flow field pulsations of different frequencies / scales. The multi-level structure can optimize the wake field, reduce vortex shedding interference, and the nested design enhances the overall rigidity and has stronger resistance to harsh environments.

[0035] In some embodiments, the upper through hole 131, the inlet hole 132, and the outlet hole 133 provided on the housing 1 are sealed by a sealing plug. For example, each groove 12 is provided with an inlet hole 132. All wires pass through the inlet hole 132 into the housing 1 and are led out through the outlet hole 133 at the bottom of the housing 1. The sealing plug enables omnidirectional flow field sensing and seals the core sensing element inside the housing. This structure effectively isolates sand, rain, corrosion, and mechanical collisions in the external environment, preventing external substances from eroding and damaging the internal sensing system of the sensor. It significantly improves the robustness and service life of the sensor in harsh environments. It is waterproof and dustproof, and can work in harsh environments such as underwater and high dust. It prevents moisture from corroding the wires and electrodes, ensuring long-term stability and enabling the sensor to be applied in high-pressure fluid environments.

[0036] like Figures 1-3As shown, where AA represents the first section symbol, this embodiment provides a resistive wide-range ultrasensitive bionic flow field sensor based on a bio-antenna-gated spring model. Since this resistive wide-range ultrasensitive bionic flow field sensor requires an external power supply to monitor the resistance value in real time, if external moisture or contaminants enter the housing 1, it will cause dangers such as short circuits. The upper through-hole 131 at the spherical support 11 is filled with hydrophobic grease as a sealing structure, and the wire outlet hole 133 of the wire guide portion is filled with flexible filler as a sealing structure to protect the internal electrical signal generation module 3 and the power supply. The strain sensing unit 32 is made of conductive carbon nanotubes. The tube coating is directly sprayed onto the surface of the elastic coupling unit 31; the housing 1 has 8 sets of grooves 12, which makes the elastic force on the inner core 22 more uniform; the elastic coupling unit 31 selects a variable pitch spring, the signal output unit 33 uses wires, and the aerodynamic enhancement component 23 is set from top to bottom as a four-segment nested hollow cylindrical structure composed of a first-stage aerodynamic enhancement component 231, a second-stage aerodynamic enhancement component 232, a third-stage aerodynamic enhancement component 233, and a fourth-stage aerodynamic enhancement component 234. While amplifying the sensing of flow field disturbances, the overall sensing range of the sensor can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the overall number of connection segments. Each stage of the aerodynamic enhancement component 23 is connected to the force rod 21 through the through hole structure at the top and bottom. When the external flow field is disturbed, the stress is concentrated and sensed by the aerodynamic enhancement component 23, and then transmitted to the force-bearing rod 21, causing the force-bearing rod 21 to deflect around the spherical support structure 11, which in turn causes the inner core 22 to deflect, compressing or stretching the elastic coupling unit 31. At the same time, the carbon nanotube coating attached to the elastic coupling unit 31 deforms, and the resistance changes accordingly according to the law of resistance. By analyzing and calculating the resistance in the array in real time through an external power supply, the flow field information can be monitored in real time.

[0037] like Figures 4-6As shown, where BB represents the second section symbol, this embodiment provides a piezoelectric wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated spring model. The sealing structure of the upper through hole 131 at the spherical support structure 11 is a flexible rubber sealing ring, which can effectively block external water vapor and particulate matter from entering the interior of the housing 1 while ensuring the flexible deflection of the force rod 21. After the wire passes through the inlet hole 132 of the housing 1, a flexible filler is used as a sealing structure to protect the internal electrical signal generation module 3. The material of the strain sensing unit 32 is a polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film. The film has excellent flexibility and is set as a sleeve structure, which can be well attached to the elastic coupling unit 31. It also has good piezoelectric performance and can generate a relatively obvious piezoelectric signal. In order to enable the force rod 21 to generate a larger range of deflection and thus increase the strain range of the strain sensing unit 32, making the collected electrical signal more obvious, the housing 1 is set as a hemispherical cavity structure, and the inner core 22 is set as follows. Figure 4 The rotating body shown has a smaller radius; the shell 1 has 8 sets of grooves 12, which makes the elastic force on the inner core 22 more uniform; the elastic coupling unit 31 selects a variable pitch spring, the signal output unit 33 uses a flexible printed circuit board with wires connected to it, and the pneumatic enhancement component 23 is set as a hollow columnar structure formed by nesting and connecting the first-level pneumatic enhancement component 231 and the second-level pneumatic enhancement component 232 from the inside to the outside. The first-level pneumatic enhancement component 231 is connected to the second-level pneumatic enhancement component 232 through the annular protrusion on its surface, and the second-level pneumatic enhancement component 232 can continue to be connected to the next level pneumatic enhancement component through the annular protrusion on its surface. This achieves the effect of amplifying or reducing the sensing range by increasing or decreasing the number of nesting layers. Each level of pneumatic enhancement component 23 is connected to the force rod 21 through the through hole structure at the top and bottom. When the external flow field is disturbed, the stress is concentrated and sensed by the aerodynamic enhancement component 23, and then transmitted to the force-bearing rod 21, causing the force-bearing rod 21 to deflect around the spherical support structure 11. This causes the inner core 22 at the bottom of the flow field sensing module 2 to deflect, compressing or stretching the elastic coupling unit 31 located between the shell 1 and the inner core 22. This causes the polyvinylidene fluoride film attached to it to deform and generate a corresponding piezoelectric signal. The piezoelectric signal is exported by the signal export unit 33 and then calculated and analyzed. This allows the specific flow field information to be obtained even when the sensor has no external power supply.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems or apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A wide-range ultrasensitive biomimetic flow field sensor based on a biological tentacle-gated-spring model, characterized in that, include: A housing, wherein a through hole is provided at the top of the housing; A flow field sensing module, comprising: a force-bearing rod and an inner core; a portion of the force-bearing rod passes through the through hole and is fixedly connected to the inner core disposed inside the housing; the force-bearing rod swings around or through the center of the through hole, driving the inner core to move within the housing; An electrical signal generating module is disposed between the housing and the inner core, and is configured to collect and transmit motion information of the inner core.

2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the shell has multiple centrally symmetrical grooves evenly distributed at its top and bottom vertices.

3. The sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrical signal generating module includes an elastic coupling unit with its two ends respectively disposed in the inner core and the groove, a strain sensing unit disposed in the elastic coupling unit, and a signal output unit disposed in the groove. The elastic coupling unit collects the relative motion between the inner core and the shell, and the resulting deformation is obtained by the strain sensing unit through an electrical signal and transmitted through the signal output unit.

4. The sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The signal output unit transmits signals through wires. The wires of different signal output units in the same trench are connected in series, and the wires of different trenches are connected in parallel.

5. The sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic coupling unit is selected from an elastic body with nonlinear stiffness, and the stiffness remains consistent in the circumferential direction of the array.

6. The sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the strain sensing unit is set as a piezoelectric sensing material, one or more of lead zirconate titanate, barium titanate, potassium sodium niobate, sodium bismuth titanate, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers are selected; when the strain sensing unit is set as a resistance sensing material, one or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, silver and gold are selected.

7. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the force-bearing rod and the inner core is located inside the through hole, and the center of gravity of the entire flow field sensing module is located below the connection between the force-bearing rod and the inner core. The length ratio of the force-bearing rod to the inner core is (2~8):

1.

8. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the force-bearing rod is provided with a pneumatic reinforcement component, which is a centrally symmetric rotating body structure with a cross-sectional area larger than that of the force-bearing rod.

9. The sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The aerodynamic enhancement component has a multi-level nested structure from top to bottom.

10. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet and outlet holes on the housing are sealed with sealing plugs.

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