Three-dimensional continuous reinforced phase reinforced copper-based composite material and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a three-dimensional continuous reinforced phase reinforced copper matrix composite material and its applications. The composite material comprises a three-dimensional continuous porous framework composed of reinforcing phases and a copper matrix phase filling the pores of the framework. The reinforcing phases are interconnected in three-dimensional space to form a continuous network, and the copper matrix phase is continuously distributed in three-dimensional space and fills the pores of the framework. The two phases are interpenetrating, forming a double-continuous three-dimensional network structure. The composite material exhibits good dimensional stability and mechanical properties, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring high heat flux and frequent thermal cycling, such as nuclear fusion divertors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of composite material structures for heat dissipation systems of controlled nuclear fusion divertors, and relates to a three-dimensional continuous reinforced phase reinforced copper-based composite material and its applications. Background Technology

[0002] Controlled nuclear fusion, as a core pathway to future clean energy, requires its key component—the divertor—to withstand steady-state heat loads of 10-20 MW / m² and high-flux neutron irradiation over extended periods. To achieve efficient heat dissipation, copper-based composite materials are commonly used for the water-cooled heat sink in divertors, relying on copper's excellent thermal conductivity and certain mechanical load-bearing capacity. However, existing commercially available copper-based composite materials generally employ low-dimensional discrete reinforcing phases such as particles, short fibers, or layers, leading to multiple performance bottlenecks.

[0003] First, the discrete strengthening phase is prone to agglomeration or uneven distribution in the copper matrix, which disrupts the lattice continuity of the copper matrix, induces severe interfacial electron scattering, and significantly reduces the overall thermal conductivity. Second, such structures cannot form an effective load transfer network. After the copper matrix softens at high temperatures, the stress is difficult to effectively disperse through the strengthening phase, resulting in a sharp degradation of mechanical strength. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficients of the strengthening phase and the copper matrix are mismatched, which can easily induce microcracks or even debonding at the interface during thermal cycling, severely weakening the thermal stability and service life of the material.

[0004] Although existing studies have attempted to improve performance by introducing porous frameworks or woven structures, most designs only focus on improving a single property (such as strength or thermal conductivity), making it difficult to simultaneously meet multiple requirements such as high-temperature mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion anisotropy. Especially under extreme thermo-mechanical-irradiation coupled conditions, the performance degradation problem of traditional structures is even more prominent.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of copper-based composite material structure configuration. By constructing a three-dimensional continuous network of reinforcing phases and ensuring the synchronous formation of three-dimensional interconnected channels in the copper matrix, efficient load transfer, effective constraint of thermal deformation, and unimpeded migration of free electrons can be achieved at the microscale. Ultimately, this will break through the competition between high-temperature strength and thermal conductivity, and provide a structure-function integrated heat sink solution for high-power fusion devices. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a three-dimensional continuous reinforced phase reinforced copper-based composite material and its applications. The composite material comprises a three-dimensional continuous porous framework composed of reinforcing phases and a copper matrix phase filling the pores of the framework. The reinforcing phases are interconnected in three-dimensional space to form a continuous network, while the copper matrix phase is continuously distributed in three-dimensional space and fills the pores of the framework. The two phases interpenetrate each other, forming a double-continuous three-dimensional network structure. This composite material exhibits excellent dimensional stability and mechanical properties, making it particularly suitable for applications requiring high heat flux and frequent thermal cycling, such as nuclear fusion divertors.

[0007] Specifically, the object of the present invention is to provide the following aspects:

[0008] Firstly, a three-dimensional continuous strengthening phase reinforced copper-based composite material is provided.

[0009] The composite material comprises a three-dimensional continuous porous skeleton composed of a reinforcing phase and a copper matrix phase filling the pores of the skeleton.

[0010] The reinforcing phases are interconnected in three-dimensional space to form a continuous network, and the copper matrix phase is continuously distributed in three-dimensional space and fills the pores of the skeleton. The two phases interpenetrate each other to form a double continuous three-dimensional network structure.

[0011] Optionally, the volume fraction of the copper matrix phase in the composite material is 0.7-0.9.

[0012] Optionally, the porosity of the three-dimensional continuous porous skeleton formed by the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.7-0.9.

[0013] Optionally, the three-dimensional continuous porous framework of the reinforcing phase is an ordered three-dimensional structure.

[0014] Optionally, the ordered three-dimensional structure is a three-dimensional woven structure.

[0015] Optionally, the ordered three-dimensional structure is a 3D printed skeleton structure.

[0016] Optionally, the reinforcing phase is in the form of a fiber or a continuous metallic solid.

[0017] Optionally, the diameter of the reinforcing phase in fiber form is 100-200 μm.

[0018] Optionally, the reinforcing phase is a hard refractory metal, a metal oxide, or a ceramic material.

[0019] Secondly, the application of the composite material described in the first aspect in controlled nuclear fusion is provided.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention include:

[0021] (1) The composite material provided by the present invention has a three-dimensional continuous structure of the reinforcing phase, which achieves uniform load transfer by means of its through network configuration, effectively avoids stress concentration, and greatly improves the high temperature mechanical strength of copper-based composite materials.

[0022] (2) The composite material provided by this invention has a three-dimensional continuous network of reinforcing phases that not only provides mechanical support but also effectively constrains the thermal expansion deformation of the copper matrix. Especially under high-temperature conditions, the thermal expansion of the copper matrix can lead to large thermal stresses inside the material. The three-dimensional continuous structure in this invention can significantly improve the high-temperature thermal stability of the composite material by restricting the free expansion of the copper matrix. This structural design enables the composite material to maintain good dimensional stability and mechanical properties under extreme temperature changes, making it particularly suitable for applications such as nuclear fusion divertors that require high heat flux and frequent thermal cycling.

[0023] (3) In the composite material provided by the present invention, the copper matrix is ​​completely filled and continuously distributed in the pores of the reinforcing phase skeleton in three-dimensional space, forming an efficient electronic heat conduction channel. This double continuous network structure ensures the continuity of the copper matrix phase in all directions, provides a low scattering migration path for free electrons, and thus ensures the high thermal conductivity of the composite material. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0025] In the attached diagram:

[0026] Figure 1 This diagram shows a unit cell model of the tungsten fiber network described in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 2 This diagram shows a single-cell model of the dual continuous network structure in Example 1.

[0028] Figure 3 This diagram shows a unit cell model of the tungsten fiber network described in Example 2.

[0029] Figure 4 This shows a single-cell model of the dual continuous network structure in Example 2;

[0030] Figure 5 This diagram shows a unit cell model of the tungsten fiber network described in Example 3.

[0031] Figure 6 This shows a single-cell model of the dual continuous network structure in Example 3;

[0032] Figure 7 This shows a single-cell model of the tungsten framework network in Example 4;

[0033] Figure 8 The diagram shows a single-cell model of the dual continuous network structure in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following will refer to the appendix. Figures 1 to 8 Specific embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the invention and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0035] It should be noted that certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that different terms may be used to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in terminology, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" or "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." The following descriptions are preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of understanding the general principles of the specification and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of protection of this invention is determined by the appended claims.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship in the working state of this invention, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, further explanations and descriptions will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] On the one hand, according to the present invention, a three-dimensional continuous reinforcing phase reinforced copper matrix composite material is provided, the composite material comprising a three-dimensional continuous porous skeleton composed of reinforcing phases and a copper matrix phase filling the pores of the skeleton; the reinforcing phases are interconnected in three-dimensional space to form a continuous network, and the copper matrix phases are continuously distributed in three-dimensional space and fill the pores of the skeleton, the two interpenetrating each other to form a double continuous three-dimensional network structure.

[0039] In this invention, a three-dimensional continuous porous framework composed of a reinforcing phase forms a spatially interconnected load-bearing network. The copper matrix phase fills the pores of the framework and remains continuous in three dimensions, constructing an efficient electronic thermal conductivity pathway. The two phases are interconnected and work synergistically, fundamentally overcoming the performance bottlenecks of traditional copper-based composite materials where "strength enhancement sacrifices thermal conductivity" or "high thermal conductivity leads to high-temperature softening." Specifically, the reinforcing phase adopts a three-dimensional continuous porous framework structure, forming a self-supporting, interconnected mechanical framework within the composite material. This framework effectively transfers and disperses external loads, preventing stress concentration in localized areas. Simultaneously, due to the pore connectivity and high porosity of the reinforcing phase framework, molten or densified copper can fully wet and completely fill the pores, forming a three-dimensional continuous copper matrix phase after molding. This continuous copper phase provides migration paths for free electrons, reducing interfacial thermal resistance and grain boundary scattering effects.

[0040] In this invention, the reinforcing phase is in fibrous or continuous metallic solid form, and its material is a hard refractory metal, a metal oxide, or a ceramic material; the hard refractory metal includes, but is not limited to, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, or nickel; the metal oxide includes, but is not limited to, cerium oxide or zirconium oxide; and the ceramic material includes, but is not limited to, silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide.

[0041] In this invention, the volume fraction of the copper matrix phase in the composite material is 0.7-0.9 (70%-90%); the porosity of the three-dimensional continuous porous skeleton composed of the reinforcing phase is 0.7-0.9; the composite material is isotropic or anisotropic, and in the anisotropic case, its axial thermal conductivity is 331-335 W·m. -1 ·K -1 Horizontal: 330-331 W·m -1 ·K -1 ; Axial coefficient of thermal expansion: 12×10 -6 -13×10 -6 K -1 Horizontal: 13×10 -6 -14×10 -6 K -1 The elastic modulus is 156-160 GPa in the axial direction and 151-156 GPa in the transverse direction; the thermal conductivity is 310-315 W·m when isotropic. -1 ·K-1 Its elastic modulus is 118-120 GPa, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is 14 × 10⁻⁶. -6 -15×10 -6 K -1 .

[0042] In this invention, the three-dimensional continuous porous framework of the reinforcing phase is an ordered three-dimensional structure. In fact, regardless of the configuration, as long as the reinforcing phase forms a three-dimensional continuous and interconnected network, and the copper matrix phase is ensured to fill the pores and remain continuous, the load transfer path and the electron heat conduction channel can be simultaneously optimized. This "structure as function" design concept enables the composite material to maintain excellent mechanical stability, high thermal conductivity, and good thermal matching, providing a reliable structure-function integrated solution for high-end thermal management applications such as controlled nuclear fusion divertors.

[0043] In this invention, the ordered three-dimensional structure is a three-dimensional woven structure or a 3D printed skeleton structure.

[0044] The three-dimensional braided structure includes, but is not limited to, three-dimensional four-way braiding, three-dimensional five-way braiding, three-dimensional six-way braiding, three-dimensional seven-way braiding, three-dimensional orthogonal bending connection, or three-dimensional shallow bending connection; the 3D printed skeleton structure includes, but is not limited to, lattice structure or minimum three-period curved surface structure.

[0045] At this point, the reinforcing phase is in fibrous form, meaning the reinforcing fibers are woven according to three-dimensional four-directional weaving, three-dimensional five-directional weaving, three-dimensional six-directional weaving, three-dimensional seven-directional weaving, three-dimensional orthogonal bending, or three-dimensional shallow bending structures. The surface weaving angle after weaving is 15-45°. Subsequently, the copper matrix phase is filled into the pores of the three-dimensional continuous porous skeleton formed by the reinforcing phase fibers.

[0046] When the surface weave angle is small (e.g., 15°-25°), the fibers are mainly distributed along the axial direction, which is beneficial for improving the axial tensile strength and the continuity of the heat conduction path. When the angle increases to 30°-45°, the fibers are interwoven and reinforced in multiple directions, significantly improving the transverse strength, shear resistance, and overall structural stability. Therefore, by adjusting the surface weave angle, the material properties can be directionally controlled in different application scenarios. For example, axial heat conduction can be prioritized in water-cooling channels, while multi-directional load-bearing capacity can be enhanced in areas with complex stress, thereby achieving the designability and optimal matching of anisotropic properties.

[0047] Furthermore, the reinforcing phase fiber is a metal fiber such as tungsten fiber, tantalum fiber, niobium fiber, molybdenum fiber or nickel fiber; it can also be a metal oxide fiber such as cerium oxide fiber, lanthanum oxide fiber or zirconium oxide fiber; or a metal nitride fiber such as silicon nitride fiber, aluminum nitride fiber; or carbon fiber; preferably, the reinforcing phase fiber is a metal fiber, such as tungsten fiber or tantalum fiber.

[0048] The constraints for selecting the aforementioned metal fibers are: metal fibers themselves have high thermal conductivity, and in composite materials, they not only bear loads but also serve as auxiliary heat conduction channels. In particular, tungsten fibers have an ultra-high melting point; both the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and China use tungsten / copper as the plasma-facing material combination for divertors, demonstrating high technological maturity. Tantalum fibers exhibit almost no oxidation or corrosion in high-temperature steam and coolant environments, making them particularly suitable for long-term operation of water-cooled modules; they also possess good ductility.

[0049] At this point, the diameter of the reinforcing phase fiber is 100-200 μm, such as 100 μm tungsten fiber or 200 μm tantalum fiber. The constraint for selecting this parameter is that as the diameter of the reinforcing phase fiber increases, the specific surface area is larger, which is beneficial to interfacial bonding. However, an excessively large diameter leads to a sharp decrease in flexibility, making three-dimensional weaving difficult and easily causing local stress concentration, which can become a crack initiation source under thermal cycling or mechanical loading.

[0050] In this invention, the unit cell size formed by the three-dimensional braided structure is 0.2 × 0.2 × (0.2-0.74) mm. The unit cell is a periodically repeating basic unit, and the actual composite material is composed of a large number of such unit cells stacked in three-dimensional space.

[0051] In this invention, the 3D printed skeleton structure includes, but is not limited to, lattice structures or three-period minimal surface structures. Lattice structures, such as BCC, FCC, or Octet-truss, consist of regularly arranged rods or nodes, forming a clear directionality and symmetry. Three-period minimal surface structures, such as Gyroid or Diamond types, are composed of smooth, continuous curved surfaces that divide space into two non-intersecting but completely connected regions, exhibiting isotropy with zero mean curvature and height.

[0052] At this point, a unit cell model of the reinforced tungsten framework is constructed in MATLAB using the Gyroid structure, with a unit cell size of 1×1×(1-2) mm. Then, geometric Boolean operations are used to fill the pores of the Gyroid framework with copper, forming a dense structure. The Gyroid structure is expressed as follows: c=0.3146.

[0053] In this invention, the microstructure and properties of the composite material are modeled and verified in the following ways:

[0054] First, a unit cell geometric model with periodic boundary conditions is constructed in 3D modeling software based on the given strengthening phase structure parameters.

[0055] Next, the model is imported into the finite element analysis software, and the reinforcing phase and the matrix material (copper) are assigned their respective material properties, including but not limited to thermal conductivity, elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion.

[0056] Subsequently, through steady-state heat conduction and elasticity simulations, the equivalent thermal conductivity, elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion of the composite material on a macroscopic scale were calculated for performance evaluation.

[0057] For three-dimensional braided structures, the structural parameters include, but are not limited to, fiber diameter, surface braiding angle, and unit cell size; for 3D printed skeleton structures, the structural parameters include, but are not limited to, porosity and unit cell size.

[0058] Furthermore, the 3D modeling software is Texgen, SolidWorks, nTopology, or COMSOL; the finite element analysis software is ANSYS or ABAQUS.

[0059] On the other hand, the composite material provided by the present invention, due to its dual continuous three-dimensional network structure, is suitable for controlled nuclear fusion, especially for the heat dissipation system method of controlled nuclear fusion divertor.

[0060] The divertor must withstand a steady-state heat load of 10-20 MW / m² during operation, accompanied by severe thermal shock and fatigue. Traditional copper-based composite materials, due to the dispersed distribution of the reinforcing phase, struggle to form an effective load transfer network, leading to a rapid decline in mechanical strength at high temperatures. This invention, however, constructs a three-dimensional continuous porous framework composed of hard refractory metals such as tungsten and tantalum, achieving uniform stress transfer and dispersion. This significantly improves the material's resistance to softening and structural stability under high-temperature conditions, effectively preventing failures caused by localized stress concentration.

[0061] Furthermore, the copper matrix phase is continuously distributed in three-dimensional space and completely fills the skeletal pores, forming an electronic thermal conduction channel that runs through the entire material, minimizing interfacial thermal resistance and grain boundary scattering effects.

[0062] Furthermore, by employing three-dimensional braided structures with varying braiding angles or isotropic Gyroid-type 3D-printed skeletons, performance matching from anisotropic to isotropic can be achieved, meeting the differentiated requirements of different regions of the divertor for thermal conductivity directionality, load-bearing capacity, and thermal matching. This material exhibits excellent structural adaptability, especially when facing complex geometries and multi-field coupling environments. Therefore, the composite material possesses enormous potential for practical application in the heat dissipation system of controlled nuclear fusion divertors.

[0063] Example

[0064] The present invention is further described below through specific examples; however, these examples are merely exemplary and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] This embodiment provides a tungsten fiber reinforced copper matrix composite material with a small braiding angle and a three-dimensional four-way braided structure.

[0067] like Figure 1 The figure shows a unit cell model of the tungsten-copper composite yarn network, which is the reinforcing phase in this composite material. This model was constructed in Texgen software based on the following parameters: 100 μm diameter tungsten fibers are used, interwoven in a three-dimensional four-directional woven topology, with a surface weaving angle α = 15°, and a unit cell size of 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.74 mm. In the numerical simulation, corresponding periodic boundary conditions were applied according to the analysis requirements: periodic displacement boundary conditions were applied in the mechanical property prediction; and periodic temperature boundary conditions were applied in the thermal conductivity calculation. This structure forms a self-supporting, interconnected, continuous network in three-dimensional space, with a porosity of 0.8.

[0068] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a unit cell model of the overall bicontinuous network structure of this composite material. Geometric Boolean operations are used to fill the pores of the woven framework with a copper matrix, forming a dense structure. The copper volume fraction reaches 0.8% (i.e., 80%). The diagram clearly shows the bicontinuous three-dimensional network structure where the tungsten fiber framework and the copper matrix interpenetrate.

[0069] The above single-cell model was imported into the ABAQUS platform, and tungsten (thermal conductivity 164 W·m) was assigned... -1 ·K -1 Elastic modulus 410 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion 4.5 × 10⁻⁶ -6 K -1 ) and copper (thermal conductivity 385 W·m) -1 ·K -1 Elastic modulus 110 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion 17×10 -6 K -1 The material properties of the composite material were determined, and multiphysics coupling simulations were performed with periodic boundary conditions. Steady-state heat conduction and elasticity analysis results show that the thermal conductivity of the composite material is 335 W·m axially. -1 ·K -1 Horizontal: 330 W·m -1 ·K -1 The coefficient of thermal expansion in the axial direction is 12 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 Horizontal: 14×10 -6 K -1 The elastic modulus is 160 GPa in the axial direction and 155 GPa in the transverse direction. The resulting composite material has good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, and exhibits anisotropy in both the axial and transverse directions. Furthermore, due to the small braiding angle, the properties exhibit weak anisotropy, making it suitable for divertor components that require directional heat conduction and load bearing.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] This embodiment provides a tungsten fiber reinforced copper matrix composite material with a large braiding angle and a three-dimensional four-way braided structure.

[0072] like Figure 3 The figure shows a unit cell model of the tungsten fiber network, which is the reinforcing phase in the composite material. This model was constructed in Texgen software based on the following parameters: 100 μm diameter tungsten fibers are used, interwoven in a three-dimensional four-directional woven topology, with a surface weaving angle α = 45°, and a unit cell size of 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm. In the numerical simulation, corresponding periodic boundary conditions were applied according to the analysis requirements: periodic displacement boundary conditions were applied in the mechanical property prediction; and periodic temperature boundary conditions were applied in the thermal conductivity calculation. This structure forms a self-supporting, interconnected continuous network in three-dimensional space, with a porosity of 0.8.

[0073] like Figure 4 The figure shows a unit cell model of the overall double continuous network structure of the composite material. Geometric Boolean operations are used to fill the pores of the woven framework with a copper matrix, forming a dense structure with a copper volume fraction of 80%. The figure clearly demonstrates the double continuous three-dimensional network structure where the tungsten fiber framework and the copper matrix interpenetrate.

[0074] The above single-cell model was imported into the ABAQUS platform, and tungsten (thermal conductivity 164 W·m) was assigned... -1 ·K -1 Elastic modulus 410 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion 4.5 × 10⁻⁶ -6 K -1 ) and copper (thermal conductivity 385 W·m) -1 ·K -1 Elastic modulus 110 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion 17×10 -6 K -1 The material properties of the composite material were determined, and multiphysics coupling simulations were performed with periodic boundary conditions. Steady-state heat conduction and elasticity analysis results show that the thermal conductivity of the composite material is 331 W·m (axial = transverse). -1 ·K -1 The coefficient of thermal expansion is axial = transverse = 13 × 10⁻⁶ -6 K -1 The elastic modulus is 156 GPa in both the axial and transverse directions. Compared with Example 1, it can be found that due to the change in the weaving angle, the properties no longer exhibit anisotropic characteristics in both the axial and transverse directions.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] This embodiment provides a tungsten fiber reinforced copper matrix composite material with a large braiding angle, a three-dimensional five-directional braided structure.

[0077] like Figure 5 The diagram shows a unit cell model of the tungsten fiber network, the reinforcing phase, in this composite material. This model was constructed in Texgen software based on the following parameters: 100 μm diameter tungsten fibers were used, and an additional set of axial yarns along the axial direction (0° direction) was introduced on top of the three-dimensional four-directional weaving, forming a three-dimensional five-directional weaving topology. The surface weaving angle α = 45°, the unit cell size is 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm, and the periodic boundary conditions were applied according to the analysis requirements in the numerical simulation: periodic displacement boundary conditions were applied in the mechanical property prediction; periodic temperature boundary conditions were applied in the thermal conductivity calculation, and the porosity was 0.8. Due to the addition of the axial yarns, the yarns are compressed against each other, and the original oblique yarn cross-section changes from circular to elliptical, becoming more elongated. This structure forms a highly interconnected, self-supporting continuous network in three-dimensional space.

[0078] like Figure 6 The diagram shows a unit cell model of the overall bicontinuous network structure of this composite material. Geometric Boolean operations are used to fill the pores of the woven framework with a copper matrix, forming a dense structure. The copper volume fraction reaches 80%. The diagram clearly shows the bicontinuous three-dimensional network structure where the tungsten fiber framework and the copper matrix interpenetrate.

[0079] The above single-cell model was imported into the ABAQUS platform, and tungsten (thermal conductivity 164 W·m) was assigned... -1 ·K -1 Elastic modulus 410 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion 4.5 × 10⁻⁶ -6 K -1 ) and copper (thermal conductivity 385 W·m) -1 ·K -1 Elastic modulus 110 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion 17×10 -6 K -1 The material properties of the composite material were investigated, and multiphysics coupling simulations were performed with periodic boundary conditions. Steady-state heat conduction and elasticity analysis results show that the thermal conductivity of the composite material is axial = 334 W·m⁻¹·K. -1 Horizontal = 330 W·m⁻¹·K -1 The coefficient of thermal expansion is axial = 12 × 10⁻⁶ K. -1 Horizontal = 13 × 10⁻⁶ K -1The elastic modulus is 158 GPa in the axial direction and 151 GPa in the transverse direction. Compared with Example 1 (small braid angle four-way) and Example 2 (large braid angle four-way), it can be found that: due to the introduction of axial yarns, the composite material achieves higher thermal conductivity and elastic modulus in the axial direction, while the coefficient of thermal expansion is further reduced, exhibiting stronger axial performance advantages; while increasing the braid angle to 45° effectively suppresses excessive anisotropy. This indicates that the braid structure type and braid angle jointly regulate the anisotropic characteristics of the composite material's performance, providing a flexible structural control method for directional thermal management design of plasma components.

[0080] Example 4:

[0081] This embodiment provides a 3D printed TPMS structure tungsten-reinforced copper-based composite material.

[0082] like Figure 7 The figure shown is a unit cell model of the reinforcing tungsten framework in this composite material. The model parameters were constructed in MATLAB based on the following parameters: a Gyroid structure was used (…). (c=0.3146), with a unit cell size of 1×1×1mm and a skeleton porosity of 0.8. In the numerical simulation, corresponding periodic boundary conditions are applied according to the analysis requirements: periodic displacement boundary conditions are applied in the mechanical property prediction; and periodic temperature boundary conditions are applied in the thermal conductivity calculation.

[0083] like Figure 8 The figure shows a unit cell model of the overall double continuous network structure of the composite material. Geometric Boolean operations are used to fill the pores of the Gyroid framework with a copper matrix, forming a dense structure with a copper volume fraction of 80%. The figure clearly shows the double continuous three-dimensional network structure where the tungsten framework and copper matrix interpenetrate.

[0084] The above single-cell model was imported into the ABAQUSs platform, and tungsten (thermal conductivity 173 W·m) was assigned... -1 ·K -1 Elastic modulus 164 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion 4.5 × 10⁻⁶ -6 K -1 ) and copper (thermal conductivity 401 W·m) -1 ·K -1 Elastic modulus 385 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion 17×10 -6 K -1 The material properties of the composite material were investigated, and multiphysics coupling simulations were performed with periodic boundary conditions. Steady-state heat conduction and elasticity analysis results show that the thermal conductivity of the composite material is 311.2 W·m. -1 ·K -1 Its elastic modulus is 119.21 GPa, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is 14.49 × 10⁻⁶.-6 K -1 Compared to Examples 1, 2, and 3, the composite material exhibits isotropic characteristics because the Gyroid structure W skeleton is isotropic.

[0085] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to preferred embodiments and exemplary examples. However, it should be noted that these specific embodiments are merely illustrative explanations of the invention and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of the invention. Various improvements, equivalent substitutions, or modifications can be made to the technical content and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of protection of the invention, and all such modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional continuous strengthening phase reinforced copper-based composite material, characterized in that, The composite material comprises a three-dimensional continuous porous skeleton composed of a reinforcing phase and a copper matrix phase filling the pores of the skeleton. The reinforcing phases are interconnected in three-dimensional space to form a continuous network, and the copper matrix phase is continuously distributed in three-dimensional space and fills the pores of the skeleton. The two phases interpenetrate each other to form a double continuous three-dimensional network structure.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Preferably, the volume fraction of the copper matrix phase in the composite material is 0.7-0.

9.

3. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porosity of the three-dimensional continuous porous skeleton composed of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.7-0.

9.

4. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional continuous porous framework of the reinforcing phase is an ordered three-dimensional structure.

5. The composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ordered three-dimensional structure is a three-dimensional woven structure.

6. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ordered three-dimensional structure is a 3D printed skeleton structure.

7. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing phase is in the form of fibers or continuous metallic solids.

8. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the reinforcing phase in the fiber morphology is 100-200 μm.

9. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing phase is a hard, refractory metal, metal oxide, or ceramic material.

10. The application of the composite material according to any one of claims 1-9 in controlled nuclear fusion.

Images