Combined heat and power system

Abstract

This application relates to a combined heat and power (CHP) system. The method includes a boiler, a power generation steam-water system, and a steam supply steam-water system. The boiler's head flue is connected to the power generation steam-water system; the boiler's tail flue is connected to the steam supply steam-water system; the boiler burns fuel to generate heat; the power generation steam-water system obtains feedwater for power generation; the feedwater is heated by the heat from the head flue to obtain steam for power generation; the steam for power generation drives the power generation steam-water system to generate electricity; the steam supply steam-water system obtains feedwater for power supply; after being heated by the heat from the tail flue, the feedwater undergoes flash evaporation in the steam supply steam-water system to obtain steam for power supply. This method can reduce energy waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy utilization technology, and in particular to a combined heat and power system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technologies in the fields of energy utilization and energy conservation and environmental protection, improving the overall efficiency of energy utilization and reducing pollutant emissions have become key concerns in the industry. Cogeneration technology, as an energy-efficient utilization method that can simultaneously generate electricity and supply steam, has emerged. Its characteristic is that it meets the demand for electricity and heat energy through a single system, avoiding the decentralized use of energy and redundant construction, and effectively improving the overall efficiency of energy utilization.

[0003] In traditional technology, the flue gas generated by the boiler passes through the same steam-water system. This flue gas directly heats the feedwater for power generation to produce steam for driving the generator, and also heats the feedwater for heating to produce steam for supply. However, this traditional method often results in energy waste due to insufficient heat utilization when heating the feedwater for steam supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a combined heat and power system that can reduce energy waste in response to the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a combined heat and power system, the system comprising a boiler, a power generation steam and water equipment, and a steam and water supply equipment; the head flue of the boiler is connected to the power generation steam and water equipment; the tail flue of the boiler is connected to the steam and water supply equipment.

[0006] The boiler is used to burn fuel to generate heat;

[0007] The power generation steam-water equipment is used to obtain power generation feedwater; the power generation feedwater is heated by the heat from the head flue to obtain power generation steam; the power generation steam is used to drive the power generation steam-water equipment to generate electricity;

[0008] The steam and water supply equipment is used to obtain steam and water for supply; after being heated by the heat of the tail flue, the steam and water are flash-evaporated in the steam and water supply equipment to obtain steam for supply.

[0009] In one embodiment, the steam and water supply equipment includes a steam and water supply pump, a steam heater, a steam generator, a steam drum, and a steam superheater connected in sequence; the steam generator is located inside the furnace of the boiler or inside the tail flue, and the steam superheater is located inside the tail flue.

[0010] The steam and water supply pump is used to obtain the steam and water supply, and to adjust the steam pressure of the steam and water supply; the steam and water supply pump is also used to transmit the adjusted steam and water supply to the steam heater;

[0011] The steam heater is used to heat the adjusted steam feedwater and transmit the heated steam feedwater to the steam generator.

[0012] The steam generator is used to perform secondary heating treatment on the heated steam feedwater based on the heat obtained from the furnace or the tail flue, to obtain a steam-water mixture.

[0013] The steam drum is used to flash evaporate or separate the steam and water mixture to obtain saturated steam.

[0014] The steam superheater is used to heat the saturated steam based on the heat obtained from the tail flue to obtain steam for supply.

[0015] In one embodiment, the steam superheater is specifically used to use the heated steam as the steam to be supplied, provided that the heated steam meets the temperature control conditions.

[0016] The steam and water supply equipment also includes a temperature controller;

[0017] The temperature controller is installed after the steam superheater and is used to regulate the temperature of the heated steam when the heated steam does not meet the temperature control conditions, so as to obtain steam for supply.

[0018] In one embodiment, the steam and water supply pump is a variable frequency control pump.

[0019] In one embodiment, the system further includes a control device connected to the steam and water supply pump.

[0020] The control device is used to obtain the steam supply pressure;

[0021] The steam supply and water supply pump is used to adjust the steam supply pressure of the steam supply and water supply according to the steam supply pressure.

[0022] In one embodiment, the control device is further configured to acquire the water supply flow rate;

[0023] The steam and water supply pump is also used to adjust the water supply flow rate of the steam and water supply according to the water supply flow rate.

[0024] In one embodiment, the power generation steam-water equipment further includes a deaerator; the deaerator is connected to the steam supply superheater and the control equipment;

[0025] Upon receiving a command to terminate steam supply from the control device, the steam superheater delivers the steam to be supplied to the deaerator.

[0026] In one embodiment, the power generation steam-water equipment further includes a condenser; the condenser is connected to the steam supply superheater and the control equipment;

[0027] Upon receiving a command to terminate steam supply from the control device, the steam superheater is also used to deliver the steam to be supplied to the condenser.

[0028] In one embodiment, a desuperheater and pressure reducer are also provided between the steam superheater and the condenser;

[0029] The steam supply superheater first transmits the steam to be supplied to the desuperheater and pressure reducer; after the steam to be supplied is desuperheated and pressure reduced by the desuperheater and pressure reducer, it is then sent to the condenser.

[0030] In one embodiment, the power generation steam-water equipment includes a power generation feedwater pump, a steam turbine generator set, and a condenser connected in sequence;

[0031] The power generation feedwater pump is used to obtain and pressurize the power generation feedwater. The pressurized power generation feedwater is heated by the heat of the head flue to obtain steam for power generation.

[0032] The steam turbine generator set is used to receive the steam for power generation to generate electricity and obtain exhaust steam.

[0033] The condenser is used to condense the waste steam into water and return it to the power generation feedwater pump.

[0034] The aforementioned combined heat and power (CHP) system, by connecting the boiler's head flue to the power generation steam-water equipment and its tail flue to the steam supply steam-water equipment, achieves a rational distribution of heat generated from fuel combustion. The power generation steam-water equipment, after receiving feedwater, precisely heats it using the high-temperature heat from the head flue to produce steam for power generation, meeting the steam parameter requirements and improving power generation efficiency. The steam supply steam-water equipment, receiving feedwater, utilizes the relatively lower temperature heat from the tail flue, avoiding energy waste caused by excessive heat concentration. Furthermore, after flash evaporation, it produces stable steam that meets supply requirements, ensuring stable steam supply. This design precisely allocates heat according to the different needs of power generation and steam supply, achieving efficient energy utilization and reducing energy waste. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a combined heat and power system in one embodiment;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a three-flue cogeneration system in one embodiment;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a three-flue cogeneration system in another embodiment;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a dual-flue cogeneration system in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a dual-flue cogeneration system in another embodiment;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a steam and water supply device in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of a steam and water supply device in another embodiment;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a connection diagram of the steam and water supply equipment in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a connection diagram of the steam and water supply equipment in another embodiment;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a connection diagram of the steam and water supply equipment in another embodiment;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a structural block diagram of a power generation steam-water device in one embodiment.

[0047] Figure reference numerals: Boiler-10; Power generation steam and water equipment-20; Deaerator-21; Condenser-22; Desuperheater and pressure reducer-23; Steam and water supply equipment-30; Steam and feedwater pump-31; Steam heater-32; Steam generator-33; Steam drum-34; Steam superheater-35; Temperature controller-36. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0050] It should be noted that when one element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or connected to the other element through an intermediary element. Furthermore, in the following embodiments, "connection" should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between the connected objects.

[0051] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “ / the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising / including” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Meanwhile, the term “and / or” as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0052] As mentioned in the background technology section, with the development of technologies in the fields of energy utilization and energy conservation and environmental protection, improving the overall efficiency of energy utilization and reducing pollutant emissions have become key concerns in the industry. Combined heat and power (CHP) technology, as an energy-efficient method that can simultaneously generate electricity and supply steam, has emerged. Its characteristic lies in meeting the needs of both electricity and heat energy through a single system, avoiding decentralized energy utilization and redundant construction, and effectively improving the overall efficiency of energy utilization.

[0053] In traditional technology, the flue gas generated by the boiler passes through the same steam-water system sequentially. First, it heats the feedwater for power generation to produce steam to drive the generator. Then, the remaining heat from the flue gas heats the feedwater for heating to produce steam for power generation. However, this traditional method often results in energy waste due to insufficient heat utilization when heating the feedwater for steam.

[0054] Based on this, such as Figure 1As shown, a combined heat and power (CHP) system is proposed, comprising a boiler 10, a power generation steam-water equipment 20, and a steam supply steam-water equipment 30. The head flue of the boiler 10 is connected to the power generation steam-water equipment 20, and the tail flue of the boiler 10 is connected to the steam supply steam-water equipment 30. The boiler 10 is used to burn fuel to generate heat. The power generation steam-water equipment 20 is used to obtain power generation feedwater. The power generation feedwater is heated by the heat from the head flue to obtain power generation steam. The power generation steam is used to drive the power generation steam-water equipment 20 to generate electricity. The steam supply steam-water equipment 30 is used to obtain steam supply feedwater. After being heated by the heat from the tail flue, the steam supply feedwater undergoes flash evaporation treatment in the steam supply steam-water equipment 30 to obtain steam for supply.

[0055] A combined heat and power (CHP) system is a system capable of simultaneously producing electricity and heat. By rationally utilizing energy, the heat generated from fuel combustion is used in a cascade manner, with part used for power generation and part for heating, thus improving the overall efficiency of energy utilization. Boiler 10 is one of the core devices in the CHP system. It generates a large amount of heat by burning fuels (such as coal and natural gas), providing a heat source for subsequent power generation and heating processes. The power generation steam-water system 20 is a steam-water circulation system used to achieve power generation. It obtains feedwater for power generation and uses the heat from the boiler 10's head flue to heat the feedwater into steam, driving the turbine generator set to generate electricity. The steam supply steam-water system 30 is a steam-water circulation system used to achieve heating. It obtains steam feedwater and uses the heat from the boiler 10's tail flue to heat and flash-evaporate the feedwater, obtaining steam that can be supplied. The head flue is the front part of the flue gas discharge path in boiler 10, where the flue gas temperature is high and the heat is abundant, which can be used to heat the power generation feedwater. The tail flue is the rear section of the flue gas discharge path in boiler 10. While the flue gas temperature is relatively low, it still has sufficient heat to heat the steam and feedwater. Power generation feedwater enters the power generation steam-water equipment 20, ready to be heated into steam for power generation. Power generation steam is steam formed after the power generation feedwater has been heated by the head flue, used to drive the turbine generator set to generate electricity. Steam supply feedwater enters the steam supply steam-water equipment 30, ready to be heated and flash-treated for heating purposes.

[0056] Specifically, in a combined heat and power (CHP) system, boiler 10 is crucial as the energy source. Its main function is to burn various fuels, such as coal, natural gas, or biomass fuels, releasing a large amount of heat through complete combustion in the furnace. Part of this heat flows with the high-temperature flue gas to the head flue, while the other part flows with the relatively low-temperature flue gas to the tail flue, providing the basic conditions for subsequent heat utilization. The power generation steam-water equipment 20 is responsible for obtaining power generation feedwater, which is usually pre-treated to have suitable water quality and temperature conditions. After entering the power generation steam-water equipment 20, the feedwater flows into the heat exchange pipe connected to the head flue of boiler 10. Inside the pipe, the feedwater fully absorbs the heat carried by the high-temperature flue gas in the head flue, gradually increasing in temperature and eventually converting into steam for power generation. In this process, the heat from the high-temperature flue gas is effectively recovered and utilized, and the steam for power generation possesses sufficient energy. Subsequently, the steam for power generation is introduced into the power drive section of the power generation steam-water equipment 20, such as a steam turbine. The energy of steam drives a steam turbine to rotate at high speed, which in turn drives a generator, realizing the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy and providing a stable power supply to the external power grid. The steam and water supply equipment 30 focuses on providing users with the steam they need to meet the demands of industrial production or domestic heating. It first obtains steam and water feedwater, the source and treatment of which are similar to those for power generation feedwater, ensuring it meets the standards for subsequent heating and use. After entering the steam and water supply equipment 30, the steam and water feedwater enters the heat exchange area connected to the tail flue of boiler 10. Here, the steam and water feedwater absorbs heat from the relatively low-temperature flue gas in the tail flue, causing its temperature to rise. However, the water is not yet ready for direct steam supply and needs to undergo flash evaporation treatment in the steam and water supply equipment 30. Flash evaporation is a special physical process that reduces the pressure within the system, causing the hot water to vaporize instantaneously, thereby obtaining steam that meets the requirements for supply. This steam can be adjusted in terms of pressure and temperature according to different user needs, and is widely used in many industries such as chemical, textile, and food processing, providing users with a stable and reliable steam heat source.

[0057] For example, in general, the steam and water supply equipment 30 includes a steam and water supply pump 31, a steam heater 32, a steam generator 33, a steam drum 34, and a steam superheater 35 connected in sequence, wherein, as... Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, both the steam generator 33 and the superheater can be installed in the tail flue for heating the flue gas within the tail flue. Figure 2 It is a three-flue system. Figure 4 It is a dual-flue system. For example... Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the steam generator 33 can also be installed inside the furnace of the boiler 10, and the superheater 35 can be installed inside the tail flue. Figure 3 It is a three-flue system. Figure 5 It is a dual-flue system. It is understandable that the specific structure of the steam generator 33 will differ depending on its location.

[0058] The aforementioned combined heat and power (CHP) system, by connecting the boiler 10 to the power generation steam-water equipment 20 via the head flue and to the steam supply steam-water equipment 30 via the tail flue, achieves a rational distribution of heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the boiler 10. The power generation steam-water equipment 20, after receiving feedwater, precisely heats it using the high-temperature heat from the head flue to obtain steam for power generation, meeting the steam parameter requirements for power generation and improving power generation efficiency. The steam supply steam-water equipment 30 receives feedwater and heats it using the relatively lower temperature heat from the tail flue, avoiding energy waste caused by excessive heat concentration. Furthermore, after flash evaporation, it obtains stable quality steam that meets supply requirements, ensuring the stability of the steam supply. This design precisely allocates heat according to the different needs of power generation and steam supply, achieving efficient energy utilization and reducing energy waste.

[0059] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the steam and water supply equipment 30 includes a steam and water supply pump 31, a steam heater 32, a steam generator 33, a steam drum 34, and a steam superheater 35 connected in sequence. The steam generator 33 is installed inside the boiler furnace or in the tail flue, and the steam superheater 35 is installed in the tail flue. The steam and water supply pump 31 is used to obtain steam and water supply and to adjust the steam supply pressure. The steam and water supply pump is also used to transmit the adjusted steam and water supply to the steam heater 32. 32 is used to heat the adjusted steam and feedwater and transmit the heated steam and feedwater to the steam generator 33; the steam generator 33 is used to perform secondary heating treatment on the heated steam and feedwater based on the heat obtained from the furnace or tail flue to obtain a steam-water mixture; the steam drum 34 is used to perform flash evaporation or steam-water separation on the steam-water mixture to obtain saturated steam; the steam superheater 35 is used to heat the saturated steam based on the heat obtained from the tail flue to obtain steam for supply.

[0060] The steam and feedwater pump 31 is a pump in the steam and feedwater supply equipment 30 used to obtain steam and feedwater, adjust the steam and feedwater pressure, and transmit it to subsequent equipment. For example, a frequency converter pump can be used, and its operating parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. The steam heater 32 is a device in the steam and feedwater supply equipment 30 that heats the adjusted steam and feedwater, increasing the feedwater temperature through heat exchange to prepare for subsequent secondary heating. The steam generator 33 is located in the furnace or tail flue of the boiler, and uses the heat of the flue gas in the furnace or tail flue to perform secondary heating treatment on the steam and feedwater after it has been heated by the steam heater 32, further raising the feedwater temperature to form a steam-water mixture. The steam drum 34 is a device in the steam and feedwater supply equipment 30 that performs flash evaporation or steam-water separation on the steam-water mixture, separating saturated steam through flash evaporation or steam-water separation. The steam superheater 35 is located in the tail flue and uses the heat of the flue gas in the tail flue to heat the saturated steam to make it superheated steam that meets the supply conditions.

[0061] Specifically, during the operation of the steam and water supply equipment 30, the steam and water supply pump 31 starts first. It uses its own suction capacity to obtain steam and water, and adjusts the motor speed flexibly through frequency conversion control technology according to the system's set steam pressure requirements, thereby changing the pump's outlet pressure and transmitting the pressurized steam and water to the steam heater 32. The steam heater 32 has a specific heat exchange structure where the high-temperature medium exchanges heat with the steam and water, raising the water temperature. The heated steam and water then enter the steam generator 33 located in the boiler furnace or tail flue. Here, the flue gas temperature is suitable, and the steam generator 33, through a reasonable arrangement of heating surfaces, allows the water to fully absorb heat from the flue gas for secondary heating, forming a steam-water mixture. The steam-water mixture enters the steam drum 34, which contains a steam-water separation device. Through flash evaporation or steam-water separation, pressure changes are used to rapidly vaporize and separate the steam from the mixture, obtaining saturated steam. Saturated steam enters the steam supply superheater 35, which is also located in the tail flue. In the steam supply superheater 35, the saturated steam continues to absorb heat from the flue gas, and its temperature rises further, eventually yielding steam for supply.

[0062] In this embodiment, the 30 components of the steam and water supply equipment work together to generate stable steam for supply through gradual heating and flash evaporation. The division of labor among the components is clear, which improves the efficiency and quality of steam supply.

[0063] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, the steam superheater 35 is specifically used to use the heated steam as the steam for supply when the heated steam meets the temperature control conditions; the steam and water supply equipment 30 also includes a temperature regulator 36; the temperature regulator 36 is set after the steam superheater 35 and is used to adjust the temperature of the heated steam when the heated steam does not meet the temperature control conditions, so as to obtain the steam for supply.

[0064] The temperature control condition refers to a pre-set specific temperature range or value used to determine whether the steam temperature meets the supply requirements. When the steam temperature is within this range or reaches this value, the temperature control condition is considered met. The temperature controller 36 is installed after the steam superheater 35 and is used to regulate the temperature of the steam when the steam heated by the steam superheater 35 does not meet the temperature control condition, ensuring that the final supplied steam temperature meets the requirements. For example, the temperature controller 36 can be a heater or a desuperheater, depending on the actual situation.

[0065] Specifically, during the operation of the steam supply equipment 30, the steam superheater 35 heats saturated steam to obtain steam. At this point, the temperature of the heated steam is first checked to see if it meets the preset temperature control conditions. If the temperature control conditions are met, the steam can be directly used as the supply steam output. However, when the temperature of the heated steam is detected to be below the temperature control conditions, the temperature controller 36 begins to function. The temperature controller 36 has a corresponding temperature regulation mechanism inside, which can regulate the temperature of the steam that does not meet the temperature requirements, for example, by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling medium or changing the heat exchange area. After precise adjustment by the temperature controller 36, the steam temperature reaches the standard for supply, ultimately obtaining the steam used for supply, ensuring that the steam quality output by the entire steam supply system is stable and reliable.

[0066] In this embodiment, the thermostat 36 increases the steam temperature control capability of the steam and water supply equipment 30, enabling flexible adjustment of the steam temperature according to actual conditions, ensuring that the supplied steam always meets the usage requirements, and improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0067] In one embodiment, the steam and water supply pump 31 is a variable frequency control pump.

[0068] Among them, a variable frequency control pump is a type of pump that adjusts the motor speed by changing the power supply frequency of the motor, thereby changing the pump's flow rate and head. The use of variable frequency control technology in the steam supply feedwater pump 31 allows for flexible adjustment of the pump's operating parameters according to the actual needs of the steam supply system.

[0069] Specifically, the steam and feedwater pump 31 employs variable frequency drive (VFD) technology. During system operation, sensors installed in the steam supply system monitor parameters such as steam pressure and feedwater flow rate in real time. After acquiring the data monitored by these sensors, the data can be analyzed and judged. If the current steam pressure is lower than the set value, a command can be issued to increase the motor power supply frequency, thereby increasing the motor speed and the outlet pressure of the steam and feedwater pump 31, thus increasing the steam pressure. Conversely, if the steam pressure is too high, the motor power supply frequency can be reduced, slowing down the motor speed and lowering the outlet pressure of the steam and feedwater pump 31. Similarly, for the feedwater flow rate, when insufficient feedwater flow is detected, the pump flow rate can be increased by adjusting the motor speed; when the feedwater flow rate is too high, the motor speed can be reduced to decrease the pump flow rate. Through this VFD control method, the steam and feedwater pump 31 can accurately adjust the steam pressure and feedwater flow rate according to actual needs, ensuring the stable operation of the steam supply system.

[0070] In this embodiment, a variable frequency control pump is used as the steam and water supply pump 31, which can flexibly adjust the operating parameters according to the actual needs of the system, avoid the energy waste of traditional pumps running at constant speed, improve energy utilization efficiency, and at the same time ensure the stability of steam supply pressure and water supply flow.

[0071] In one embodiment, the system further includes a control device; the control device is connected to the steam supply and water supply pump 31; the control device is used to obtain the steam supply pressure; the steam supply and water supply pump 31 is used to adjust the steam supply pressure of the steam supply and water supply according to the steam supply pressure.

[0072] Among them, the control equipment is the equipment used to monitor and control the entire system in the cogeneration system. It can acquire various parameter information in the system and issue control commands based on this information to adjust the operating status of each piece of equipment.

[0073] Specifically, the control equipment plays a core regulatory role in the combined heat and power (CHP) system. It acquires important parameters such as steam supply pressure, feedwater flow rate, and steam temperature in real time through sensors distributed throughout the system's key components. For example, when a sensor detects a change in steam supply pressure, it transmits the pressure data to the control equipment, which then makes a judgment based on a pre-set steam supply pressure range. If the steam supply pressure deviates from the normal range, the control equipment immediately sends a control command to the steam and feedwater pump 31 to adjust the steam and feedwater supply pressure, restoring it to the normal level.

[0074] In one embodiment, the control device is further configured to acquire the feedwater flow rate; the steam supply water pump 31 is further configured to adjust the feedwater flow rate of the steam supply water according to the feedwater flow rate.

[0075] For example, when an abnormal flow rate is detected, the control equipment will instruct the steam and feedwater pump 31 to adjust the feedwater flow rate. In addition, the control equipment can also be connected to other equipment such as the steam superheater 35, the deaerator 21 in the power generation steam and water equipment 20, and the condenser 22, to coordinate the work between various devices according to the overall operation of the system, so as to ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of the entire cogeneration system.

[0076] In the above embodiments, the presence of control equipment enables automated monitoring and control of the cogeneration system, which can promptly detect and handle problems in system operation, improve system operating efficiency and reliability, and reduce errors and labor intensity caused by manual operation.

[0077] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the power generation steam-water equipment 20 also includes a deaerator 21; the deaerator 21 is connected to the steam supply superheater 35 and the control equipment; upon receiving a termination steam supply command sent by the control equipment, the steam supply superheater 35 will deliver the steam to be supplied to the deaerator 21.

[0078] Among them, the deaerator 21 is a device used in the power generation steam and water equipment 20 to remove dissolved oxygen from the feed water. Because dissolved oxygen can cause corrosion to equipment such as boiler 10, affecting the service life and safety of the equipment, it needs to be treated by the deaerator 21.

[0079] Specifically, during the operation of the power generation steam-water equipment 20, when a command to terminate steam supply is received from the control equipment, the steam superheater 35 transfers the steam originally intended for supply to the deaerator 21. The deaerator 21 has a specific internal structure and working principle, generally employing thermal deaeration or chemical deaeration. Taking thermal deaeration as an example, the steam entering the deaerator 21 comes into full contact with the feedwater, transferring its heat to the feedwater and raising its temperature. As the water temperature rises, the partial pressure of steam on the water surface gradually increases, while the partial pressure of dissolved oxygen gradually decreases. When the water temperature approaches saturation, the surface is almost entirely covered by steam, and the partial pressure of dissolved oxygen approaches zero. At this point, the dissolved oxygen in the water escapes and is discharged through the exhaust port of the deaerator 21. In this way, the deaerator 21 effectively removes dissolved oxygen from the feedwater, protecting equipment such as the boiler 10 from corrosion, extending the service life of the equipment, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power generation steam-water equipment 20.

[0080] In this embodiment, the deaerator 21 can remove dissolved oxygen from the feedwater, prevent equipment such as boiler 10 from being damaged by oxygen corrosion, improve the safety and service life of the equipment, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the power generation steam and water equipment 20.

[0081] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9As shown, the power generation steam-water equipment 20 also includes a condenser 22; the condenser 22 is connected to the steam supply superheater 35 and the control equipment; in the event of receiving a termination steam supply command sent by the control equipment, the steam supply superheater 35 is also used to deliver the steam to be supplied to the condenser 22.

[0082] The condenser 22 is a device in the power generation steam-water equipment 20 used to condense the exhaust steam discharged from the steam turbine generator set into water. Through cooling, the exhaust steam is turned into liquid water so that it can be returned to the power generation feedwater pump for recycling.

[0083] Specifically, in the power generation steam-water equipment 20, after the steam turbine generator set completes its power generation task, it discharges waste steam. When a termination steam supply command is received from the control equipment, the steam supply superheater 35 delivers the steam to be supplied to the condenser 22. The condenser 22 contains numerous cooling water pipes; cooling water flows inside the pipes, while waste steam flows outside. The waste steam contacts the cooling water pipe walls, transferring heat to the cooling water and lowering its own temperature. As heat is continuously transferred, the waste steam gradually condenses into water, accumulating at the bottom of the condenser 22. This condensate is returned to the power generation feedwater pump through pipes, re-entering the power generation steam-water circulation system, where it is reheated into steam for power generation. Through this cooling and condensation method, the condenser 22 achieves waste steam recovery and utilization, improves water resource utilization efficiency, and ensures the continuous and stable operation of the power generation steam-water equipment 20.

[0084] In this embodiment, the condenser 22 can condense the waste steam into water and recycle it, which improves the water resource recycling rate, reduces water resource waste, and ensures the normal operation of the power generation steam-water equipment 20, thereby improving the system's economy.

[0085] In one embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, a desuperheater and pressure reducer 23 is also provided between the steam supply superheater 35 and the condenser 22; the steam supply superheater 35 first transmits the steam to be supplied to the desuperheater and pressure reducer 23; the steam to be supplied is desuperheated and pressure reduced by the desuperheater and pressure reducer 23 and then sent to the condenser 22.

[0086] The desuperheater and pressure reducer 23 is a device installed between the steam supply superheater 35 and the condenser 22. It is used to desuperheat and reduce the pressure of the steam output from the steam supply superheater 35, so that the temperature and pressure of the steam are reduced to a range suitable for the operation of the condenser 22, and to prevent high temperature and high pressure steam from damaging the condenser 22.

[0087] Specifically, in the operation of the cogeneration system, when the superheater 35 first transfers the steam to the desuperheater and pressure reducer 23, the desuperheater and pressure reducer 23 begins to function. It contains a desuperheating device and a pressure reducing device. The desuperheating device lowers the steam temperature by injecting cooling water. The cooling water mixes thoroughly with the high-temperature steam, absorbing the steam's heat and causing its temperature to drop. The pressure reducing device lowers the steam pressure by adjusting the steam's flow area or changing its flow state. After being processed by the desuperheater and pressure reducer 23, the steam's temperature and pressure are reduced to a range suitable for the condenser 22's operation before being delivered to the condenser 22. This ensures that the condenser 22 operates under safe conditions, preventing damage to the equipment due to the impact of high-temperature, high-pressure steam, and guaranteeing the stability and safety of the entire system.

[0088] In this embodiment, the desuperheater 23 can effectively protect the condenser 22, prevent high-temperature and high-pressure steam from damaging it, extend the service life of the condenser 22, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system under special circumstances such as termination of steam supply.

[0089] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the power generation steam-water equipment 20 includes a power generation feedwater pump 24, a steam turbine generator set 25, and a condenser 2222 connected in sequence; the power generation feedwater pump is used to obtain and pressurize the power generation feedwater, and the pressurized power generation feedwater is heated by the heat of the head flue to obtain steam for power generation; the steam turbine generator set is used to receive the steam for power generation to generate electricity and obtain exhaust steam; the condenser 22 is used to condense the exhaust steam into water and return it to the power generation feedwater pump.

[0090] The power generation feedwater pump is a device in the power generation steam-water equipment 20 used to obtain and pressurize the power generation feedwater so that it can smoothly enter the heating surface near the flue at the head of the boiler 10 for heating. The steam turbine generator set is the core power generation equipment in the power generation steam-water equipment 20. It receives steam for power generation, uses the heat energy of the steam to drive the turbine blades to rotate, and then drives the generator to generate electricity, converting heat energy into electrical energy.

[0091] Specifically, in the power generation steam-water equipment 20, the power generation feedwater pump starts first. It obtains power generation feedwater from a suitable water source and, through its own pressurization function, raises the feedwater pressure to a certain level, ensuring that the feedwater can smoothly enter the heating surface near the head flue of the boiler 10. After entering the heating surface, the power generation feedwater absorbs heat from the high-temperature flue gas in the head flue, gradually increasing in temperature until it becomes steam for power generation. The steam for power generation, due to its high pressure and high temperature characteristics, rushes towards the turbine generator set. In the turbine generator set, the thermal energy of the steam drives the turbine blades to rotate at high speed. The turbine drives the generator to rotate through the coupling, and the generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, realizing the power generation function. After power generation, the turbine generator set discharges exhaust steam, which enters the condenser 22. The condenser 22 condenses the exhaust steam into water through cooling. This condensate returns to the power generation feedwater pump through pipelines, re-entering the power generation steam-water circulation system, forming a complete cycle and ensuring that the power generation steam-water equipment 20 can continuously and stably generate electricity.

[0092] In this embodiment, the 20 components of the power generation steam-water equipment cooperate with each other to form a complete power generation cycle system, which can efficiently convert the thermal energy of fuel into electrical energy, realizing the rational utilization of energy and the stable realization of power generation function.

[0093] In one specific embodiment, a novel industrial heating boiler system and its operation method are proposed. A new industrial steam supply system is added, comprising key equipment such as a steam feedwater pump, a steam heater (optional), a steam generator, a steam drum, and a steam superheater. Figure 2 The steam generator and the industrial steam superheater can be integrated into the original boiler's tail heating surface or the industrial steam superheater can form an independent flue arrangement.

[0094] This embodiment develops a heat and power decoupling technology for industrial steam supply cogeneration units. Industrial steam supply is no longer a factor limiting deep regulation capacity and top load capacity, enabling the flexibility of pure condensing units. Furthermore, industrial steam supply achieves "energy level matching and graded matching" cogeneration, significantly improving the economic efficiency of industrial steam supply.

[0095] The basic principle of this embodiment is that the boiler power generation steam-water equipment and the steam supply steam-water equipment are completely separated. The generator set operates in pure condensing mode, which is equivalent to one set of flue gas equipment driving two sets of steam-water equipment. Based on the different industrial steam supply pressure requirements, the feedwater pump is used to raise the feedwater pressure to the pressure required for industrial steam supply. Then, the steam supply heater heats the feedwater, which then enters the tail flue steam generator to produce a steam-water mixture, which enters the steam drum. In the steam drum, saturated steam is generated through flash evaporation. The saturated steam then enters the steam supply superheater for further heating to the required steam supply temperature before being supplied externally. The steam supply steam generator and the steam supply superheater can be integrated into the original boiler heating surface or form an independent flue arrangement.

[0096] The operation method of this embodiment is as follows: When industrial steam is supplied, the pressure is adjusted by the steam supply feedwater pump to reach the pressure required for industrial steam supply; then the steam supply heater heats the steam supply feedwater, which then enters the tail flue steam generator in the tail flue to generate a steam-water mixture, which enters the steam drum. In the steam drum, saturated steam is generated through flash evaporation. The saturated steam then enters the steam supply superheater for further heating to the required steam supply temperature before being supplied externally. When industrial steam supply is interrupted, in order to ensure that the tail flue steam generator and industrial steam supply superheater do not exceed the allowable limits for metals, the industrial steam supply system operates at minimum flow, and the generated steam enters the deaerator or desuperheats and depressurizes before entering the condenser.

[0097] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0098] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A combined heat and power system, characterized in that, The system includes a boiler, a power generation steam and water equipment, and a steam and water supply equipment; the head flue of the boiler is connected to the power generation steam and water equipment; the tail flue of the boiler is connected to the steam and water supply equipment. The boiler is used to burn fuel to generate heat; The power generation steam-water equipment is used to obtain power generation feedwater; the power generation feedwater is heated by the heat from the head flue to obtain power generation steam; the power generation steam is used to drive the power generation steam-water equipment to generate electricity; The steam and water supply equipment is used to obtain steam and water for supply; after being heated by the heat of the tail flue, the steam and water are flash-evaporated in the steam and water supply equipment to obtain steam for supply.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam and water supply equipment includes a steam and water supply pump, a steam heater, a steam generator, a steam drum, and a steam superheater connected in sequence; the steam generator is installed in the furnace of the boiler or in the tail flue, and the steam superheater is installed in the tail flue. The steam and water supply pump is used to obtain the steam and water supply, and to adjust the steam pressure of the steam and water supply; the steam and water supply pump is also used to transmit the adjusted steam and water supply to the steam heater; The steam heater is used to heat the adjusted steam feedwater and transmit the heated steam feedwater to the steam generator. The steam generator is used to perform secondary heating treatment on the heated steam feedwater based on the heat obtained from the furnace or the tail flue, to obtain a steam-water mixture. The steam drum is used to flash evaporate or separate the steam and water mixture to obtain saturated steam. The steam superheater is used to heat the saturated steam based on the heat obtained from the tail flue to obtain steam for supply.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steam superheater is specifically used to supply steam as heated steam when the heated steam meets the temperature control conditions. The steam and water supply equipment also includes a temperature controller; The temperature controller is installed after the steam superheater and is used to regulate the temperature of the heated steam when the heated steam does not meet the temperature control conditions, so as to obtain steam for supply.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steam and water supply pump is a variable frequency control pump.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system also includes a control device; the control device is connected to the steam and water supply pump. The control device is used to obtain the steam supply pressure; The steam supply and water supply pump is used to adjust the steam supply pressure of the steam supply and water supply according to the steam supply pressure.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control device is also used to acquire the water supply flow rate; The steam and water supply pump is also used to adjust the water supply flow rate of the steam and water supply according to the water supply flow rate.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power generation steam-water equipment also includes a deaerator; the deaerator is connected to the steam supply superheater and the control equipment. Upon receiving a command to terminate steam supply from the control device, the steam superheater delivers the steam to be supplied to the deaerator.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power generation steam-water equipment also includes a condenser; the condenser is connected to the steam supply superheater and the control equipment. Upon receiving a command to terminate steam supply from the control device, the steam superheater is also used to deliver the steam to be supplied to the condenser.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, A desuperheater and a pressure reducer are also provided between the steam supply superheater and the condenser. The steam supply superheater first transmits the steam to be supplied to the desuperheater and pressure reducer; after the steam to be supplied is desuperheated and pressure reduced by the desuperheater and pressure reducer, it is then sent to the condenser.

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation steam-water equipment includes a power generation feedwater pump, a steam turbine generator set, and a condenser connected in sequence. The power generation feedwater pump is used to obtain and pressurize the power generation feedwater. The pressurized power generation feedwater is heated by the heat of the head flue to obtain steam for power generation. The steam turbine generator set is used to receive the steam for power generation to generate electricity and obtain exhaust steam. The condenser is used to condense the waste steam into water and return it to the power generation feedwater pump.

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