A water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution
The adaptive monitoring system, which integrates a water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit and a central control module, solves the problem of low efficiency in water pollution monitoring, achieves synchronous monitoring of water quality and quantity, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of non-point source pollution monitoring.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINESE RES ACAD OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCI
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing water pollution monitoring technologies cannot efficiently monitor water quality and quantity simultaneously, making it difficult to capture the characteristics of non-point source pollution, resulting in low monitoring efficiency.
A water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit was designed, which combines a sensing and triggering unit, a power supply unit, a communication unit, and an analysis and testing unit. It achieves adaptive monitoring through a central control module, triggers monitoring based on rainfall characteristics and water level information, and uploads and analyzes data in real time.
It enables simultaneous monitoring of water quality and quantity, improves the efficiency and accuracy of non-point source pollution monitoring, avoids ineffective monitoring, saves energy, and provides high-quality non-point source pollution data.
Smart Images
Figure CN122237671A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution. Background Technology
[0002] Non-point source pollution refers to pollutants in the environment, mostly generated by concentrated rainfall during the flood season and agricultural irrigation. For example, in the Yangtze River basin, due to abundant and concentrated rainfall, non-point source pollution largely occurs with rainfall. In the Yellow River basin, however, rainfall is scarce, and agricultural production activities in large irrigation areas are vigorous, resulting in large agricultural irrigation water consumption, and non-point source pollution is mostly associated with irrigation. Non-point source pollution flows into rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and oceans through runoff, causing water pollution. Water pollution monitoring, as an important component of environmental science and environmental management, is a crucial means of understanding water pollution trends. Currently, water pollution monitoring generally includes hydrological (quantity) monitoring and water quality monitoring. However, hydrological and water quality monitoring are conducted separately, and the periodic sampling at the target water area makes water pollution monitoring time-consuming, inefficient, and difficult to capture the characteristics of non-point source pollution. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution, so as to improve the efficiency and accuracy of water pollution monitoring adapted to the characteristics of non-point source pollution.
[0004] This invention provides a water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution, comprising: a main control cabin, a sensing and triggering unit, a water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, a power supply unit, a communication unit, and an analysis and testing unit, wherein... The sensing and triggering unit, water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, power supply unit, communication unit, and analysis and testing unit are all connected to the main control cabin and are scheduled and managed through the central control module deployed in the main control cabin. The main control cabin is a waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant enclosure that provides shielding protection for the central control module installed inside from the external environment. Based on the water level information and rainfall information collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit and the pre-set trigger threshold, when the non-point source pollution monitoring mode is determined to be activated, the monitoring frequency information is generated and output to the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. The sensing and triggering unit is used to query the pre-set mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation based on the rainfall characteristics of the target monitoring area, obtain the module mapping the rainfall characteristics of the target monitoring area, and notify the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit to make corresponding configurations based on the obtained module. The water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit is used to configure the module to be acquired based on the notification output by the sensing and triggering unit. After the configuration is completed, it acquires water level information and / or rainfall information according to the preset cycle, and outputs the acquired water level information and / or rainfall information to the central control module. Based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, it stops acquiring water level information and / or rainfall information according to the preset cycle, and synchronously acquires water samples, water level information, rainfall information and flow information, and outputs the water level information, rainfall information and flow information to the central control module. The analysis and testing unit is used to analyze the water samples collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, obtain non-point source monitoring data, and output it to the central control module. The communication unit is used to upload the non-point source monitoring data, water level information, rainfall information and flow information stored in the central control module to the remote cloud platform or monitoring center in real time or on a timed basis, and to receive control commands or parameter update commands from the remote cloud platform or monitoring center to update the acquisition parameters of the central control module and the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. The power supply unit provides power to the main control cabin, sensing and triggering unit, water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, communication unit, and analysis and testing unit.
[0005] Preferably, the acquisition parameters of the central control module include, but are not limited to: trigger threshold and corresponding monitoring frequency information; the acquisition parameters of the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit include, but are not limited to: increasing or decreasing non-point source monitoring data; and the target monitoring areas include: flood season monitoring areas, irrigation monitoring areas, and flood season irrigation integrated monitoring areas.
[0006] Preferably, the central control module includes: a high-performance processor and a memory, wherein, The memory is used to store the pre-set trigger threshold, the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the trigger threshold, and the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm. A high-performance processor is used to receive water level information, rainfall information, and flow information collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, as well as analyze and test the non-point source monitoring data transmitted by the unit, and output the data to the memory for storage. Based on the trigger threshold read from the memory, it determines whether to activate the non-point source pollution monitoring mode based on the received water level information and / or rainfall information. If it is determined that the non-point source pollution monitoring mode should be activated, it retrieves the monitoring frequency information based on the trigger threshold from the memory and outputs it to the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit.
[0007] Preferably, the high-performance processor is further used for: After generating the monitoring frequency information of the synchronous acquisition unit for controlling water quality and quantity, the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm is read from the memory. Based on the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm, the received water level information and / or rainfall information are optimized to obtain the updated trigger threshold and the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the updated trigger threshold. The trigger threshold and the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the trigger threshold stored in the memory are then updated.
[0008] Preferably, the sensing and triggering unit includes: The mapping module is used to set the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation in the target monitoring area as an irrigation monitoring area, to activate the water level sensing module in the synchronous water quality and quantity acquisition unit; to set the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation in the target monitoring area as a flood season monitoring area, to activate the rainfall sensing module in the synchronous water quality and quantity acquisition unit; and to set the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation in the target monitoring area as a flood season irrigation integrated monitoring area, to activate both the water level sensing module and the rainfall sensing module in the synchronous water quality and quantity acquisition unit. The data acquisition command generation module, after determining the activation of the water level sensing module, generates a synchronous water level acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the water level sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. After determining the activation of the rainfall sensing module, it generates a synchronous rainfall acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the rainfall sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. After determining the activation of both the rainfall sensing module and the water level sensing module, it generates a synchronous water level and rainfall acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the rainfall sensing module, water level sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit.
[0009] Preferably, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit includes: The rainfall sensing module is used to monitor rainfall events according to the monitoring frequency information carried in the rainfall synchronization acquisition instruction after receiving the rainfall synchronization acquisition instruction, and output the monitored rainfall information representing the rainfall event to the central control module through a modular interface. The water level sensing module is installed at the monitoring section of the irrigation canal or receiving water body in the target monitoring area. After receiving the water level synchronous acquisition command, it monitors the water level changes of the irrigation canal or receiving water body according to the monitoring frequency information carried in the water level synchronous acquisition command, and outputs the monitored water level information to the central control module through the modular interface. The water sampling module is used to quantitatively collect water samples from irrigation canals or receiving water bodies after receiving a synchronous rainfall sampling instruction or a synchronous water level sampling instruction. The analysis and testing module is used to conduct water quality testing based on water samples collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit and to obtain non-point source monitoring data. The flow meter, installed in the same location as the water sampling module, is used to simultaneously measure the water velocity and flow rate of the irrigation canal or receiving water body after receiving a synchronous rainfall or water level sampling command, and generate flow information. Modular interfaces are used to provide standardized physical and protocol interfaces for rainfall sensing modules, water level sensing modules, and water sampling modules to connect to them.
[0010] Preferably, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit is deployed on a support with a sliding device. Using a central control module, the support is extended to the center of the bottom surface of the water body in the target monitoring area. The water level sensing module transmits the water level information of the bottom surface of the water body to the central control module. Based on the water level information, the central control module divides the water body into layers to obtain the surface source monitoring data of each layer. For each water level layer, the central control module controls the sliding device to slide. After the water level sensing module determines that the support has reached the water level layer, it triggers the central control module to output monitoring frequency information so that the water sample acquisition module and flow meter can collect data synchronously. After the synchronous acquisition is completed, the relevant information is transmitted to the central control module. After the central control module determines that the acquisition of the water level layer is completed, it controls the sliding device to slide to the next water level layer until the water quality and quantity monitoring of all water level layers is completed, thus completing one monitoring cycle of water quality and quantity monitoring.
[0011] Preferably, the water sample collection module includes: The water sampling unit is mounted on the slide valve and moves with the slide valve in the vertical direction of the cross section to collect continuous water samples. The water distribution unit is connected to the water intake unit via a hose.
[0012] Preferably, a barometer is installed on the sealed upper side wall of the water distribution unit. The negative pressure generated in the water distribution unit is determined based on the first air pressure when no water sample is contained in the water distribution unit and the second air pressure when a predetermined volume of water sample for water quality analysis is contained. The second air pressure is the air pressure at the water level stratification point, the first air pressure is less than the second air pressure, and the predetermined volume is equal to the water volume in the water distribution unit and the water volume in the hose. The barometer is used to detect the air pressure in the water distribution unit. When the detected air pressure is equal to the second air pressure, it indicates that the water sample collection is completed, and the water collection unit is turned off.
[0013] Preferably, the water sampling unit is a sealed container equipped with a switch. When water sampling is required, after the water level reaches the predetermined stratification position through the slide, the central control module outputs a switch opening command to the water sampling unit. The switch of the water sampling unit opens the sealing cover of the water sampling unit, and the water sample flows into the container. Through the negative pressure set in the water distribution unit, the water sample in the container is driven to flow into the water distribution unit through the hose. After the water sample collection is completed, the sealing cover of the sealed container is closed.
[0014] The water quality and quantity monitoring system for non-point source pollution provided in this embodiment of the invention adaptively transforms from passive timed monitoring to active event-triggered monitoring, taking into account the large changes in water quality and quantity during the flood season and irrigation season. This avoids ineffective monitoring, saves energy and equipment wear, achieves strict synchronous monitoring of water quality and quantity, and improves the efficiency of water pollution monitoring.
[0015] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the water sample collection module provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] This invention provides a water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution, which is described below through embodiments.
[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution, provided by an embodiment of the present invention, is shown. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution includes: a main control cabin 101, a sensing and triggering unit 102, a water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103, a power supply unit 104, a communication unit 105, and an analysis and testing unit 106, wherein... The sensing and triggering unit 102, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103, the power supply unit 104, the communication unit 105, and the analysis and testing unit 106 are respectively connected to the main control cabin 101 and are scheduled and managed by the central control module deployed in the main control cabin 101. The main control cabin 101 is a waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant enclosure that provides shielding protection between the central control module installed inside and the external environment. Based on the water level information and rainfall information collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103 and the preset trigger threshold, when the non-point source pollution monitoring mode is determined to be activated, the monitoring frequency information is generated and output to the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103. The sensing and triggering unit 102 is used to query the pre-set mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation based on the rainfall characteristics of the target monitoring area, obtain the module mapping the rainfall characteristics of the target monitoring area, and notify the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103 to make corresponding configurations based on the obtained module. The water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103 is used to configure the module to be acquired according to the notification output by the sensing and triggering unit 102. After the configuration is completed, it acquires water level information and / or rainfall information according to the preset cycle, and outputs the acquired water level information and / or rainfall information to the central control module. According to the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, it stops acquiring water level information and / or rainfall information according to the preset cycle, and synchronously acquires water samples, water level information, rainfall information and flow information, and outputs the water level information, rainfall information and flow information to the central control module. The analysis and testing unit 106 is used to analyze the water sample collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103, obtain the non-point source monitoring data, and output it to the central control module. The communication unit 105 is used to upload the non-point source monitoring data, water level information, rainfall information and flow information stored in the central control module to the remote cloud platform or monitoring center in real time or at regular intervals, and to receive control instructions or parameter update instructions from the remote cloud platform or monitoring center to update the acquisition parameters of the central control module and the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103. The power supply unit 104 provides power to the main control cabin 101, the sensing and triggering unit 102, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit 103, the communication unit 105, and the analysis and testing unit 106.
[0021] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, each unit can also report its own operating status information to the central control module. The acquisition parameters of the central control module include, but are not limited to: trigger thresholds and corresponding monitoring frequency information. The acquisition parameters of the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit include, but are not limited to: increasing or decreasing non-point source monitoring data. Target monitoring areas include: flood season monitoring areas, irrigation monitoring areas, and flood season-irrigation integrated monitoring areas. Among them, flood season monitoring areas include, but are not limited to, the Yangtze River basin or areas south of the Yangtze River basin. Rainfall in the Yangtze River basin is abundant and concentrated, and non-point source pollution mostly occurs with rainfall. Irrigation monitoring areas include, but are not limited to, the Yellow River basin or areas north of the Yellow River basin. The Yellow River basin is a large agricultural irrigation area with vigorous agricultural production activities and large agricultural irrigation water consumption; non-point source pollution mostly occurs with irrigation. Flood season-irrigation integrated monitoring areas include, but are not limited to, the area between irrigation monitoring areas and flood season monitoring areas.
[0022] In this embodiment, the central control module is used to control the overall operation of the water quality and quantity monitoring system.
[0023] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, the central control module includes: a high-performance processor and a memory, wherein, The memory is used to store the pre-set trigger threshold, the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the trigger threshold, and the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm. A high-performance processor is used to receive water level information, rainfall information, and flow information collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, as well as analyze and test the non-point source monitoring data transmitted by the unit, and output the data to the memory for storage. Based on the trigger threshold read from the memory, it determines whether to activate the non-point source pollution monitoring mode based on the received water level information and / or rainfall information. If it is determined that the non-point source pollution monitoring mode should be activated, it retrieves the monitoring frequency information based on the trigger threshold from the memory and outputs it to the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit.
[0024] In this embodiment, after receiving the monitoring frequency information, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit synchronously acquires water quality and quantity information based on the monitoring frequency information. This water quality and quantity acquisition includes, but is not limited to, water sample acquisition, water level information acquisition, rainfall information acquisition, and flow rate information acquisition. As an optional embodiment, to adapt to dynamically changing environments, the high-performance processor is also used for: After generating the monitoring frequency information of the synchronous acquisition unit for controlling water quality and quantity, the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm is read from the memory. Based on the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm, the received water level information and / or rainfall information are optimized to obtain the updated trigger threshold and the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the updated trigger threshold. The trigger threshold and the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the trigger threshold stored in the memory are then updated.
[0025] In this embodiment, the high-performance processor runs a built-in adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm to perform machine learning on the trigger threshold and monitoring frequency information based on the received water level information and / or rainfall information, thereby optimizing the trigger threshold and the corresponding monitoring frequency information. As an optional embodiment, the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm includes, but is not limited to: decision tree algorithm, Naive Bayes classification algorithm, least squares algorithm, support vector machine algorithm, time series analysis algorithm, and regression model algorithm. By acquiring historical water level information and / or rainfall information, the trigger threshold corresponding to that water level information and / or rainfall information and the corresponding monitoring frequency information are manually determined. The algorithm is then trained using the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm, enabling the trained algorithm to make predictions based on the current water level information and / or rainfall information. For example, regarding the water level trigger threshold, historical water level data (water level information) for both non-agricultural and agricultural irrigation periods at monitoring sections is collected. Based on this data, the corresponding water level trigger threshold for each year is determined. An adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm is then used to train the algorithm based on historical water level data and the corresponding water level trigger thresholds to subsequently determine the water level trigger threshold as a condition for initiating non-point source pollution monitoring. As an optional embodiment, if the water level trigger threshold obtained by the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm is the average of the highest water level during the historical non-agricultural irrigation period, monitoring is triggered when the monitored water level is lower than this average. As another example, regarding rainfall triggering, since non-point source pollution occurs simultaneously with rainfall, and to avoid setting the rainfall trigger threshold too low and causing erroneous triggering, if the rainfall trigger threshold obtained by the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm based on this comprehensive consideration is 1 mm of agricultural irrigation period water level data, then non-point source pollution monitoring is initiated when rainfall exceeds 1 mm.
[0026] In this embodiment, after obtaining monitoring frequency information based on the currently received water level information and / or rainfall information and sending it to the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, the trigger threshold and the corresponding monitoring frequency information are updated based on the currently received water level information and / or rainfall information and the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm. This can further improve the accuracy of the acquired non-point source monitoring data, thereby improving the accuracy of water quality and quantity monitoring.
[0027] In this embodiment, since non-point source pollution occurs more concentratedly during the flood season and irrigation season, and non-point source pollution can undergo a dramatic change from "static accumulation" to "explosive output" in a short period of time, in order to better capture the occurrence of non-point source pollution, as an optional embodiment, before the monitoring is triggered, that is, under normal conditions, the monitoring is set to be performed every 4 hours. Once non-point source pollution monitoring is triggered, the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm is used to obtain the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the trigger threshold. For example, the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm continuously monitors based on the non-point source occurrence cycle, and judges the water quality change cycle of the area according to the water quality change amplitude and trend of each area. This cycle is used as the monitoring frequency interval, that is, the monitoring frequency information.
[0028] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the memory is also used to store the surface source monitoring data received by the high-performance processor. After receiving the monitoring data transmission instruction sent by the monitoring center, the stored surface source monitoring data, water level information, rainfall information and flow information are remotely transmitted to the monitoring center through the communication unit to monitor water quality and quantity.
[0029] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit and the analysis and testing unit are located outside the main control cabin, while the sensing and triggering unit and the communication unit are located inside the main control cabin. As another optional embodiment, the analysis and testing unit can also be located inside the main control cabin.
[0030] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the sensing and triggering unit includes: The mapping module is used to set the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation in the target monitoring area as an irrigation monitoring area, to activate the water level sensing module in the synchronous water quality and quantity acquisition unit; to set the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation in the target monitoring area as a flood season monitoring area, to activate the rainfall sensing module in the synchronous water quality and quantity acquisition unit; and to set the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation in the target monitoring area as a flood season irrigation integrated monitoring area, to activate both the water level sensing module and the rainfall sensing module in the synchronous water quality and quantity acquisition unit. The data acquisition command generation module, after determining the activation of the water level sensing module, generates a synchronous water level acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the water level sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. After determining the activation of the rainfall sensing module, it generates a synchronous rainfall acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the rainfall sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. After determining the activation of both the rainfall sensing module and the water level sensing module, it generates a synchronous water level and rainfall acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the rainfall sensing module, water level sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit.
[0031] In this embodiment, the rainfall sensing module and the water level sensing module operate independently and are both connected to the power supply unit and the communication unit.
[0032] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, the water level sensing module includes, but is not limited to, water level gauges, including but not limited to: pressure water level gauges and radar water level gauges. The rainfall sensing module includes, but is not limited to, rainfall gauges, including but not limited to tipping bucket rainfall gauges.
[0033] In this embodiment, based on typical scenarios of agricultural non-point source pollution in my country, targeted non-point source pollution monitoring triggers are set. In areas dominated by rainfall (flood season monitoring areas), rain gauges are selected as non-point source pollution monitoring triggers. In large-scale agricultural irrigation areas (irrigation monitoring areas), water level gauges are selected as non-point source pollution monitoring triggers. In areas with both rainfall and irrigation (flood season irrigation integration monitoring areas), both rain gauges and water level gauges are selected as non-point source pollution monitoring triggers.
[0034] In this embodiment, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit is connected to the analysis and testing unit, and the acquired water sample is output to the analysis and testing unit so that the analysis and testing unit can perform analysis and testing based on the water sample to obtain non-point source monitoring data.
[0035] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit includes: The rainfall sensing module is used to monitor rainfall events according to the monitoring frequency information carried in the rainfall synchronization acquisition instruction after receiving the rainfall synchronization acquisition instruction, and output the monitored rainfall information representing the rainfall event to the central control module through a modular interface. The water level sensing module is installed at the monitoring section of the irrigation canal or receiving water body in the target monitoring area. After receiving the water level synchronous acquisition command, it monitors the water level changes of the irrigation canal or receiving water body according to the monitoring frequency information carried in the water level synchronous acquisition command, and outputs the monitored water level information to the central control module through the modular interface. The water sampling module is used to quantitatively collect water samples from irrigation canals or receiving water bodies after receiving a synchronous rainfall sampling instruction or a synchronous water level sampling instruction. The analysis and testing module is used to conduct water quality testing based on water samples collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit and to obtain non-point source monitoring data. The flow meter, installed in the same location as the water sampling module, is used to simultaneously measure the water velocity and flow rate of the irrigation canal or receiving water body after receiving a synchronous rainfall or water level sampling command, and generate flow information. Modular interfaces are used to provide standardized physical and protocol interfaces for rainfall sensing modules, water level sensing modules, and water sampling modules to connect to them.
[0036] In this embodiment, the rainfall sensing module and the water level sensing module collect data according to a pre-set cycle before receiving monitoring frequency information. The data formats and data transmission protocols followed by the rainfall sensing module, the water level sensing module, and the water sample collection module are all the same, therefore, they can share a modular interface.
[0037] In this embodiment, as another optional embodiment, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit may further include: a synchronous controller, used to synchronously trigger the water level sensing module, the water sample acquisition module, and the flow meter; or, synchronously trigger the rainfall sensing module, the water sample acquisition module, and the flow meter; or, synchronously trigger the rainfall sensing module, the water level sensing module, the water sample acquisition module, and the flow meter. As an optional embodiment, the water sample acquisition module has a built-in multi-parameter water quality sensor, and the water quality detection includes, but is not limited to: sample nitrogen (NH3-N) detection, chemical oxygen demand (COD) content analysis, water temperature detection, pH value detection, conductivity detection, turbidity detection, etc.
[0038] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the flow meter includes, but is not limited to, an acoustic Doppler flow meter.
[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, as an optional embodiment, the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit is deployed on a support with a sliding device. Using a central control module, the support is controlled to extend to the center of the bottom surface of the water area in the target monitoring area. The water level sensing module transmits the water level information of the bottom surface of the water area to the central control module. Based on the water level information, the central control module divides the water area into layers to obtain the surface source monitoring data of each layer. For each water level layer, the central control module controls the sliding device to slide. After the water level sensing module determines that the support has reached the water level layer, it triggers the central control module to output monitoring frequency information so that the water sample acquisition module and flow meter can collect data synchronously. After the synchronous acquisition is completed, the relevant information collected is transmitted to the central control module. After the central control module determines that the acquisition of the water level layer is completed, it controls the sliding device to slide to the next water level layer until the water quality and quantity monitoring of all water level layers is completed, thus completing one monitoring cycle of water quality and quantity monitoring.
[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, as an optional embodiment, after the detected water level change exceeds a preset change threshold, the water level of each water level layer and the number of water level layers can be adjusted; when the water level change does not exceed the preset change threshold, the water level of each water level layer is not adjusted.
[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the central control module performs interpolation processing based on the surface source monitoring data and flow information corresponding to each water level stratum to fit the water quality and quantity monitoring data at each location of the water passage.
[0042] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the water sample collection module includes: The water sampling unit is mounted on the slide valve and moves with the slide valve in the vertical direction of the cross section to collect continuous water samples; the water distribution unit is connected to the water sampling unit through a hose.
[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, after the slide has reached the preset water level stratification command, the water sampling unit is activated and the negative pressure is generated in the water distribution unit so that the water sample collected by the water sampling unit flows into the water distribution unit through the hose.
[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, as an optional embodiment, the water sample in the water distribution unit can also be pretreated.
[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the water distribution unit is a sealed quantitative container. As an optional embodiment, a barometer is provided on the sealed upper side wall of the water distribution unit. The negative pressure generated in the water distribution unit is determined based on the first air pressure when no water sample is contained in the water distribution unit and the second air pressure when a predetermined volume of water sample for water quality analysis is contained. The second air pressure is the air pressure at the water level stratification point, and the first air pressure is less than the second air pressure. The predetermined volume is equal to the water volume in the water distribution unit and the water volume in the hose. The barometer is used to detect the air pressure in the water distribution unit. When the detected air pressure is equal to the second air pressure, it indicates that the water sample collection is completed, and the water collection unit is turned off.
[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the water sampling unit is a sealed container equipped with a switch. When water sampling is required, after the water level reaches the predetermined stratification position through the slide, the central control module outputs a switch opening command to the water sampling unit. The switch of the water sampling unit opens the sealing cover of the sealed container (water sampling unit), and the water sample flows into the container. Through the negative pressure set in the water distribution unit, the water sample in the container is driven to flow into the water distribution unit through the hose. After the water sample collection is completed, the sealing cover of the sealed container is closed.
[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, when the water sampling unit begins water sampling, the air pressure inside the water distribution unit is lower than the air pressure at the water sampling unit. Under the influence of this pressure difference, the water flow at the water sampling unit flows into the water distribution unit along the flexible hose. By adjusting the value of the first air pressure inside the water distribution unit, automatic sampling of water samples at different water levels can be achieved.
[0048] In this embodiment, as another optional embodiment, the water sample collection module includes: a submersible pump or a self-priming pump, and corresponding sampling pipelines.
[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the water sample collection module provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2As shown in this embodiment, as another optional embodiment, the water sample collection module includes: a perforated sampling pipeline (not shown in the figure), a coarse screen 201, a first submersible pump 202, a second submersible pump 204, a primary sedimentation tank 203, and a secondary sedimentation tank 205. The coarse screen 201 is installed in the river channel, and the perforated sampling pipeline is installed inside the coarse screen 201. Water samples from the river channel are filtered by the coarse screen 201 and flow into the perforated sampling pipeline. The first submersible pump 202 then transports the water samples from the perforated sampling pipeline. After sedimentation in the primary sedimentation tank 203, the water is then pumped to the secondary sedimentation tank 205 using the second submersible pump 204. The secondary sedimentation tank 205 is equipped with a turbidity detector and a coagulant dosing system. After sedimentation, the water sample is detected by the turbidity detector in the secondary sedimentation tank 205. If the turbidity meets the requirements, the water sample automatically enters the next stage for water quality parameter testing. If the turbidity does not meet the requirements, the coagulant dosing system adds the corresponding coagulant according to the turbidity value. After coagulation and sedimentation, the water sample enters the next stage for water quality parameter testing. In this embodiment, since non-point source pollution is often accompanied by concentrated rainfall during the flood season and concentrated irrigation during the agricultural planting season, a large number of particles of different sizes in the river can affect the accuracy of non-point source water quality assessment. Therefore, the water sampling module has been optimized. The coarse screen initially isolates larger particles, including stones and branches. The perforated sampling pipeline is located inside the coarse screen and extends from the water surface to the bottom of the river, allowing for stratified sampling and improving sample representativeness. The samples enter the primary sedimentation tank through the pipeline for natural sedimentation. After half an hour of natural sedimentation, they enter the secondary sedimentation tank, which is equipped with a turbidity detector and a coagulant dosing system. After sedimentation in the primary sedimentation tank, samples with turbidity that meet the requirements automatically enter the next stage. For samples with turbidity that do not meet the requirements, the coagulant dosing system adds coagulant according to the turbidity value. After coagulation and sedimentation, the samples enter the next stage for testing.
[0050] In this embodiment, the flow meter is used in conjunction with the water level gauge or with equipment such as a Doppler current profiler to simultaneously measure the water velocity and flow rate in the river or channel, thereby achieving water volume monitoring.
[0051] In this embodiment, the synchronization controller generates a synchronization monitoring instruction based on the water surface data acquisition instruction output by the central control module, so that the water sample acquisition module and the flow meter can acquire data synchronously. This ensures that water quality parameter acquisition and water volume data recording are triggered at the same time point, thereby guaranteeing the spatiotemporal consistency and comparability of the data.
[0052] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, the power supply unit adopts a hybrid power supply method of solar photovoltaic panels and battery packs to provide stable energy for the operation of the long-term unattended water quality and quantity synchronous data acquisition unit in the field. As another optional implementation, the power supply unit can also be connected to the mains power supply as a backup.
[0053] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, the communication unit uploads the monitoring data and equipment status information processed by the central control module to the remote cloud platform or monitoring center in real time or at regular intervals, and receives control commands or parameter updates from the cloud platform or monitoring center.
[0054] In this embodiment, the communication module has a built-in 4G / 5G or Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) wireless communication module, and the device status information includes, but is not limited to, battery voltage information and fault code information.
[0055] In this embodiment, the central control module continuously compares the real-time data of the rain gauge and water level gauge with the preset trigger threshold to make a trigger judgment. As an optional embodiment, the trigger threshold can be set to 1 mm of rainfall or a water level threshold based on historical data.
[0056] In this embodiment, if any triggering condition is met, the central control module is triggered to send an instruction to the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit to switch from the first monitoring mode to the second monitoring mode. In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the first monitoring mode can be a conventional monitoring mode, such as once every 4 hours, and the second monitoring mode can be an encrypted monitoring mode, such as once every 2 hours.
[0057] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, in monitoring mode, the central control module can dynamically adjust the monitoring frequency based on real-time water quality data, such as the rate of change of turbidity and COD, thereby achieving frequency self-adaptation. For example, as an optional implementation, if a drastic change in water quality data is detected within 2 hours, the monitoring frequency in encrypted monitoring mode is automatically shortened to once per hour to accurately capture the "burst output" process of pollution load.
[0058] This embodiment has the following beneficial technical effects: Highly targeted: Through modularly designed triggering units, it is perfectly adapted to different non-point source pollution scenarios, such as those mainly caused by rainfall, irrigation, or a combination of both.
[0059] Intelligent and efficient: It realizes the transformation from passive timed monitoring to active event-triggered monitoring, avoids ineffective monitoring, saves energy consumption and equipment wear and tear, and can capture the most critical dynamic data when surface pollution occurs.
[0060] Adaptive evolution: It has machine learning capabilities and can self-optimize based on long-term operating data, freeing it from dependence on fixed parameters and effectively improving the accuracy of monitoring and the versatility of the equipment.
[0061] High data value: It enables strict synchronous monitoring of water quality and quantity, providing high-quality first-hand data for accurate calculation of pollution load flux and scientific assessment of the contribution rate of non-point source pollution.
[0062] Adaptive parameter optimization based on monitoring data: The system can utilize historical monitoring data and machine learning algorithms to self-optimize its trigger thresholds and monitoring frequency.
[0063] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some communication interface; the indirect coupling or communication connection between systems or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.
[0064] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.
[0065] In addition, the functional units in the embodiments provided in this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.
[0066] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.
[0067] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of this application, used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. The protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. All should be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A water quality and quantity monitoring system suitable for non-point source pollution, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a main control cabin, a sensing and triggering unit, a water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, a power supply unit, a communication unit, and an analysis and testing unit. The sensing and triggering unit, water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, power supply unit, communication unit, and analysis and testing unit are all connected to the main control cabin and are scheduled and managed through the central control module deployed in the main control cabin. The main control cabin is a waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant enclosure that provides shielding protection for the central control module installed inside from the external environment. Based on the water level information and rainfall information collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit and the pre-set trigger threshold, when the non-point source pollution monitoring mode is determined to be activated, the monitoring frequency information is generated and output to the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. The sensing and triggering unit is used to query the pre-set mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation based on the rainfall characteristics of the target monitoring area, obtain the module mapping the rainfall characteristics of the target monitoring area, and notify the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit to make corresponding configurations based on the obtained module. The water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit is used to configure the module to be acquired based on the notification output by the sensing and triggering unit. After the configuration is completed, it acquires water level information and / or rainfall information according to the preset cycle, and outputs the acquired water level information and / or rainfall information to the central control module. Based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, it stops acquiring water level information and / or rainfall information according to the preset cycle, and synchronously acquires water samples, water level information, rainfall information and flow information, and outputs the water level information, rainfall information and flow information to the central control module. The analysis and testing unit is used to analyze the water samples collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, obtain non-point source monitoring data, and output it to the central control module. The communication unit is used to upload the non-point source monitoring data, water level information, rainfall information and flow information stored in the central control module to the remote cloud platform or monitoring center in real time or on a timed basis, and to receive control commands or parameter update commands from the remote cloud platform or monitoring center to update the acquisition parameters of the central control module and the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. The power supply unit provides power to the main control cabin, sensing and triggering unit, water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, communication unit, and analysis and testing unit.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition parameters of the central control module include, but are not limited to: trigger threshold and corresponding monitoring frequency information; the acquisition parameters of the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit include, but are not limited to: increasing or decreasing non-point source monitoring data; and the target monitoring areas include: flood season monitoring areas, irrigation monitoring areas, and flood season irrigation integrated monitoring areas.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control module includes a high-performance processor and a memory, wherein, The memory is used to store the pre-set trigger threshold, the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the trigger threshold, and the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm. A high-performance processor is used to receive water level information, rainfall information, and flow information collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit, as well as analyze and test the non-point source monitoring data transmitted by the unit, and output the data to the memory for storage. Based on the trigger threshold read from the memory, it determines whether to activate the non-point source pollution monitoring mode based on the received water level information and / or rainfall information. If it is determined that the non-point source pollution monitoring mode should be activated, it retrieves the monitoring frequency information based on the trigger threshold from the memory and outputs it to the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit.
4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-performance processor is also used for: After generating the monitoring frequency information of the synchronous acquisition unit for controlling water quality and quantity, the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm is read from the memory. Based on the adaptive monitoring frequency optimization algorithm, the received water level information and / or rainfall information are optimized to obtain the updated trigger threshold and the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the updated trigger threshold. The trigger threshold and the monitoring frequency information corresponding to the trigger threshold stored in the memory are then updated.
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing and triggering unit includes: The mapping relationship module is used to set the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation in the target monitoring area as an irrigation monitoring area, so as to activate the water level sensing module in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit; in the target monitoring area as a flood season monitoring area, it sets the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation to activate the rainfall sensing module in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit; in the target monitoring area as a flood season irrigation integrated monitoring area, it sets the mapping relationship between rainfall characteristics and modular adaptation to synchronously activate the water level sensing module and rainfall sensing module in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit to carry out monitoring after triggering. The data acquisition command generation module, after determining the activation of the water level sensing module, generates a synchronous water level acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the water level sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. After determining the activation of the rainfall sensing module, it generates a synchronous rainfall acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the rainfall sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit. After determining the activation of both the rainfall sensing module and the water level sensing module, it generates a synchronous water level and rainfall acquisition command based on the monitoring frequency information output by the central control module, and synchronously outputs it to the rainfall sensing module, water level sensing module, water sample collection module, and flow meter in the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit.
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit includes: The rainfall sensing module is used to monitor rainfall events and outputs the rainfall information that represents the rainfall events to the central control module through a modular interface. The water level sensing module is installed at the monitoring section of the irrigation canal or receiving water body in the target monitoring area to monitor the water level changes of the irrigation canal or receiving water body and output the monitored water level information to the central control module through a modular interface. The water sampling module is used to quantitatively collect water samples from irrigation canals or receiving water bodies after receiving a synchronous rainfall sampling instruction or a synchronous water level sampling instruction. The analysis and testing module is used to conduct water quality testing based on water samples collected by the water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit and to obtain non-point source monitoring data. The flow meter, installed in the same location as the water sampling module, is used to simultaneously measure the water velocity and flow rate of the irrigation canal or receiving water body after receiving a synchronous rainfall or water level sampling command, and generate flow information. Modular interfaces are used to provide standardized physical and protocol interfaces for rainfall sensing modules, water level sensing modules, and water sampling modules to connect to them.
7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The water quality and quantity synchronous acquisition unit is deployed on a support with a sliding device. Using a central control module, the support is extended to the center of the bottom surface of the water body in the target monitoring area. The water level sensing module transmits the water level information of the bottom surface of the water body to the central control module. Based on the water level information, the central control module divides the water body into layers to obtain the surface source monitoring data of each layer. For each water level layer, the central control module controls the sliding device to slide. After the water level sensing module determines that the support has reached the water level layer, it triggers the central control module to output monitoring frequency information so that the water sample acquisition module and flow meter can collect data synchronously. After the synchronous acquisition is completed, the relevant information is transmitted to the central control module. After the central control module determines that the acquisition of the water level layer is completed, it controls the sliding device to slide to the next water level layer until the water quality and quantity monitoring of all water level layers is completed, thus completing one monitoring cycle of water quality and quantity monitoring.
8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The water sample collection module includes: The water sampling unit is mounted on the slide valve and moves with the slide valve in the vertical direction of the cross section to collect continuous water samples. The water distribution unit is connected to the water intake unit via a hose.
9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The upper sealed side wall of the water distribution unit is equipped with a barometer. The negative pressure generated in the water distribution unit is determined based on the first air pressure when no water sample is contained in the water distribution unit and the second air pressure when a predetermined volume of water sample for water quality analysis is contained. The second air pressure is the air pressure at the water level stratification point. The first air pressure is less than the second air pressure. The predetermined volume is equal to the water volume in the water distribution unit and the water volume in the hose. The air pressure inside the water distribution unit is detected using a barometer. When the detected air pressure equals the second air pressure, it indicates that the water sample collection is complete, and the water collection unit is shut off.
10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The water sampling unit is a sealed container equipped with a switch. When water sampling is required, after the water level reaches the predetermined stratification position via the slide, the central control module outputs a switch opening command to the water sampling unit. The switch of the water sampling unit opens the sealed cover of the water sampling unit, and the water sample flows into the container. Through the negative pressure set in the water distribution unit, the water sample in the container is driven to flow into the water distribution unit through the hose. After the water sample collection is completed, the sealed cover of the sealed container is closed.