Radiating structure layer and antenna device

Abstract

Radiation structure layer and antenna device belong to the technical field of antennas, and aim to avoid or improve the dispersion effect of the edge area of the antenna, so that the phases of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the exit surface of the antenna are consistent. The radiation structure layer comprises a first metasurface, a second metasurface, and a transmission structure stacked between the first metasurface and the second metasurface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a radiating structure layer and an antenna device. Background Technology

[0002] A planar folded reflective array antenna includes a feed and two reflective surfaces. The two reflective surfaces are arranged in the radiation direction of the feed and cooperate with each other to perform polarization conversion and phase modulation on the signal radiated by the feed. After phase modulation, the electromagnetic wave is radiated out on the antenna's output surface. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A first aspect of this disclosure provides a radiating structure layer, comprising: The first metasurface comprises multiple first metasurface units; The second metasurface, located on one side of the first metasurface, includes a plurality of periodically arranged metal stripes; A transmission structure is located between the first metasurface and the second metasurface.

[0004] For example, the transmission structure includes at least one third metasurface located between the first metasurface and the second metasurface, and includes a plurality of second metasurface units; The second metasurface unit is differentially distributed in the at least one third metasurface.

[0005] For example, the at least one transmission structure includes a third metasurface, which includes a plurality of second metasurface units.

[0006] For example, the second metasurface is configured as a curved surface.

[0007] For example, some or all of the at least one third metasurface is configured as a curved surface and has the same curvature as the second metasurface.

[0008] For example, the second metasurface is configured as at least one of a spherical arch, a flattened ellipsoidal arch, a short focal offset parabola, and a non-quadratic freeform surface.

[0009] For example, the first metasurface is a plane, and the orthographic projection of the second metasurface onto the first metasurface falls within the first metasurface.

[0010] For example, the third metasurface includes multiple regions; in at least one of the multiple regions of the third metasurface, multiple second metasurface units are differentially distributed in the multiple regions.

[0011] For example, the radiative structure layer includes a plurality of the third metasurfaces, which are stacked in the thickness direction of the radiative structure layer; The regions where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the plurality of third metasurfaces exhibit differences.

[0012] For example, in at least two third metasurfaces, the regions where the second metasurface units are projected onto the first metasurface partially overlap.

[0013] For example, each of the third metasurfaces includes multiple regions; In each of the target regions of the third metasurface, the second metasurface units are distributed; The target region is one of the multiple regions.

[0014] For example, the second metasurface is configured as a curved surface; The minimum distance from the target region to the edge of the third metasurface is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance from the center point of the third metasurface to the edge of the third metasurface, and the minimum distance from the target region to the center point of the third metasurface is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the distance from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface.

[0015] For example, the second metasurface is configured as a plane; The target region includes edge regions of multiple regions, and the distance of the edge region is the region with the largest distance from the center point of the third metasurface among the multiple regions.

[0016] For example, portions of the multiple regions all surround the center point of the third metasurface; In at least two adjacent regions of a portion of the region, one region surrounds the other region.

[0017] For example, in some of the third metasurfaces, the second metasurface units located in the same region are the same, while the second metasurface units in different regions are different.

[0018] For example, in at least a portion of the third metasurface, the second metasurface units in regions corresponding to the same location differ in at least one of shape, spacing, and size.

[0019] For example, the second metasurface is configured as a plane, and the radiative structure layer includes a plurality of the third metasurfaces; In some of the regions of the third metasurface, the second metasurface units are distributed.

[0020] For example, the second metasurface is configured as a curved surface, and the radiative structure layer includes a plurality of the third metasurfaces; In this process, the second metasurface units in the plurality of third metasurfaces are all distributed in a portion of the third metasurface. The minimum distance from the portion of the third metasurface to the center point of the third metasurface is greater than or equal to half the distance from the center point of the third metasurface to the edge of the third metasurface, and less than the distance from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface.

[0021] For example, at least a portion of the first metasurface, the second metasurface, and the third metasurface includes a dielectric layer; Wherein, at least one of the first metasurface unit, the metal stripe, and the second metasurface unit has an etching angle of less than or equal to 20°.

[0022] For example, at least a portion of the first metasurface, the second metasurface, and the third metasurface further includes: A reverse stress layer is located between the dielectric layer and the metal pattern; The reverse stress layer includes at least one inorganic material layer.

[0023] For example, at least one of the first metasurface, the second metasurface, and the third metasurface comprises a plurality of discrete plates; The multiple discrete plates are spliced ​​together in the planar direction of the metasurface.

[0024] For example, the third metasurface includes a plurality of discrete plates, each plate corresponding to a different phase compensation; In some of the third metasurfaces, the second metasurface units are distributed differentially among the multiple discrete plates.

[0025] A second aspect of this disclosure provides an antenna device, which includes a feed source and the radiating structure layer described in the first aspect; The feed source is coupled to a first metasurface in the radiating structure layer, and the second metasurface is located on the side of the first metasurface away from the feed source. The first metasurface and the second metasurface are spaced apart in the cross-sectional direction of the antenna device.

[0026] For example, the transmission structure is attached to the side of the first metasurface close to the second metasurface; And / or, the second metasurface is attached to the side of the transmissive structure closest to the first metasurface.

[0027] For example, the transmission structure includes a third metasurface, the third metasurface including a plurality of second metasurface units; the radiation structure layer includes a plurality of third metasurfaces attached to the side of the first metasurface near the second metasurface; Among them, the orthographic projection of the region where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the lower third metasurface among the multiple third metasurfaces that are attached to the first metasurface onto the first metasurface, and the orthographic projection of the region where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the upper third metasurface onto the first metasurface. The lower third metasurface is close to the first metasurface, and the upper third metasurface is close to the second metasurface.

[0028] For example, the transmission structure includes a third metasurface, the third metasurface including a plurality of second metasurface units; the radiation structure layer includes a plurality of third metasurfaces attached to the side of the second metasurface close to the first metasurface; Among them, the orthographic projection of the area where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the upper layer of the third metasurface that is attached to the second metasurface onto the first metasurface covers the orthographic projection of the area where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the lower layer of the third metasurface onto the first metasurface. The lower layer's third metasurface is close to the first metasurface, and the upper layer's third metasurface is close to the second metasurface.

[0029] The radiation structure layer of this embodiment includes a plurality of metasurfaces stacked in the thickness direction. The plurality of metasurfaces include a first metasurface, a second metasurface, and a transmission structure located between the first metasurface and the second metasurface. The first metasurface includes a plurality of periodically arranged metal stripes, and the second metasurface includes a plurality of periodically arranged metal stripes.

[0030] The second metasurface, comprising multiple periodically arranged metallic stripes, possesses both reflective and transmissive capabilities. The first metasurface, including first metasurface units, also exhibits reflective capabilities. A transmissive structure lies between the first and second metasurfaces, capable of phase-modulating electromagnetic waves along their path from the first to the second metasurface, or vice versa, thereby modulating the phase of the emitted electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, in some cases, the first metasurface units of the first metasurface can also phase-modulate the electromagnetic waves. Thus, when the radiating structure layer is applied to an antenna device, the first metasurface and the stacked transmissive structure can achieve gradient phase modulation of the electromagnetic waves, thereby avoiding or improving dispersion effects in the antenna's edge regions. This ensures that the phase of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the antenna's exit surface is consistent, allowing for optimized far-field gain over a wide bandwidth during far-field synthesis, resulting in a pencil-shaped beam in the far field.

[0031] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution disclosed herein. In order to better understand the technical means of this disclosure and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of this disclosure are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. It should be noted that the scale in the drawings is for illustration only and does not represent the actual scale.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of path dispersion for a 100mm aperture planar folded reflective array antenna is shown. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of path dispersion for a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 200 mm is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of path dispersion for a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 300 mm is shown. Figure 4 The far-field radiation pattern of a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 100 mm is shown. Figure 5 The far-field radiation pattern of a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 200 mm is shown. Figure 6 The far-field radiation pattern of a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 300 mm is shown. Figure 7 The diagram illustrates a communication scenario in which the radiating structure layer of this embodiment and the antenna device including the radiating structure layer are applied. Figure 8 A side view of the radiating structure layer of this embodiment when applied to an antenna is shown; Figure 9A Cross-sectional structural diagrams of several radial structural layers in this embodiment are shown; Figure 9B A cross-sectional view of a radial structure layer according to this embodiment is shown; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the equivalent feed structure path of a planar folded reflective array antenna is shown. Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of second metasurface units in a third metasurface is shown; Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of the second metasurface units in another type of third metasurface is shown; Figure 13 Figure (1) shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of the second metasurface units in one of the two stacked third metasurfaces; Figure 13 Figure (2) shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of the second metasurface units in one of the two stacked third metasurfaces; Figure 14 Figure (1) shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of the second metasurface units in one of the two stacked third metasurfaces; Figure 14 Figure (2) shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of the second metasurface units in one of the two stacked third metasurfaces; Figure 15 A planar schematic diagram of each metasurface layer in a three-layer stacked third metasurface radial structure is shown. Figure 16 It shows Figure 15 A cross-sectional view of the radial structure layer shown; Figure 17 A planar schematic diagram of each of the two stacked third metasurfaces is shown. Figure 18 It shows Figure 17 A cross-sectional view of the radial structure layer shown; Figure 19 A planar schematic diagram of each of two stacked third metasurfaces is shown in another type of radiative structure layer. Figure 20 It shows Figure 17 A planar schematic diagram of each metasurface in the radiation structure layer when the second metasurface is curved; Figure 21 A schematic diagram of a region division of the third metasurface is shown; Figure 22 In the planar direction, a schematic diagram of the regional distribution of the second metasurface units in the third metasurface is shown when the second metasurface is a curved surface; Figure 23 In the cross-sectional direction, a schematic diagram of the regional distribution of the second metasurface units in the third metasurface is shown when the second metasurface is a curved surface; Figure 24 A schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave in polarization 1, polarization 2 and angle bisector is shown; Figure 25 - Figure 29 The shapes of several first metasurface units are shown when the angle bisector is 45° to the X-axis; Figure 30 This diagram illustrates another electromagnetic wave in polarization 1, polarization 2, and the angle bisector; Figure 31 - Figure 32 The shapes of several first metasurface units are shown when the angle bisector is 90° to the X-axis; Figure 33 and Figure 34 Two planar schematic diagrams of the second metasurface are shown respectively; Figure 35 - Figure 39 Several planar schematic diagrams of second metasurface units are shown respectively; Figure 40 - Figure 42 The diagram shows several fabrication processes for using thin-film encapsulated metasurfaces; Figure 43 - Figure 45 The diagram shows several fabrication processes for using a cover plate to encapsulate a metasurface. Figure 46 The middle (1) is a cross-sectional view of a metasurface unit fabricated on a PCB (printed circuit board); Figure 46 (2) is a cross-sectional view of a metasurface unit fabricated using semiconductor technology; Figure 47 The diagram shows a disassembly and assembly schematic of a metasurface; Figure 48 The diagram shows the assembly and disassembly of yet another metasurface; Figure 49 Cross-sectional schematic diagrams of several antenna devices are shown when the second metasurface is planar; Figure 50 Cross-sectional schematic diagrams of several antenna devices are shown when the second metasurface is curved. Figure 51 It shows Figure 49 The working principle diagram of the antenna device shown in (1) is as follows; Figure 52 A planar schematic diagram of a first metasurface, a second metasurface, and a third metasurface in another antenna device is shown; Figure 53 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an active planar array feed source is shown; Figure 54 A schematic diagram of the switch distribution of the slot layer of the feed for an active planar array antenna is shown. Figure 53 - Figure 59 Figure (1) shows cross-sectional structural diagrams of seven antenna devices; Figure 53 - Figure 59 Figure (2) shows a planar schematic diagram of seven antenna devices; Figure 60 A cross-sectional view of the square antenna device is shown; Figure 61An assembly diagram of the square antenna is shown; Figure 62 A cross-sectional view of the cylindrical antenna device is shown; Figure 63 An assembly diagram of the cylindrical antenna device is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0035] In related technologies, the main components of a planar folding reflector antenna are the feed, the main reflector, and the sub-reflector. The sub-reflector reflects electromagnetic waves of polarization 1 and transmits electromagnetic waves of polarization 2. The main reflector has two functions: one is wideband polarization conversion, which converts incident polarization 1 to polarization 2 through reflection across the entire wideband; the other is phase modulation, which enables 0-2π phase modulation across the entire wideband.

[0036] However, for planar folded reflective array antennas, the larger the aperture, the greater the path dispersion between the edge elements and the center elements. In broadband cases, the edge elements will produce severe dispersion effects, causing beam splitting during far-field synthesis and severely degrading the far-field gain in the broadband.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 6 As shown, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of path dispersion for a 100mm aperture planar folded reflective array antenna is shown. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of path dispersion for a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 200 mm is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of path dispersion for a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 300 mm is shown. Figure 4 The far-field radiation pattern of a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 100 mm is shown. Figure 5 The far-field radiation pattern of a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 200 mm is shown. Figure 6 The far-field radiation pattern of a planar folded reflective array antenna with a diameter of 300 mm is shown.

[0038] like Figure 1 - Figure 3As shown, the planar folded reflector antennas operate at frequencies of 71 GHz, 76 GHz, 81 GHz, and 86 GHz. The phase difference over a wide bandwidth between the outermost elements of the main reflector of the 100 mm aperture antenna is approximately 260°, the phase difference over a wide bandwidth between the outermost elements of the main reflector of the 200 mm aperture antenna is approximately 510°, and the phase difference over a wide bandwidth between the outermost elements of the main reflector of the 300 mm aperture antenna is approximately 750°.

[0039] like Figure 4 - Figure 6 As shown, the 100mm aperture antenna maintains high far-field gain across a wide bandwidth, exhibiting good gain consistency. However, when the antenna aperture is further increased, for example to 200mm or 300mm, beam splitting occurs in the low-frequency and high-frequency far-field patterns. The beam splitting is as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown by the dashed circle in the image, this results in a significant drop in gain.

[0040] Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the phase difference between the edge region and the center region of the planar folded reflector antenna in order to improve the gain of the planar folded reflector antenna in the far field direction, thereby forming a pencil beam in the far field to support end-to-end communication.

[0041] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure propose a radiating structure layer and an antenna device including the radiating structure layer. The radiating structure layer stacks a transmission structure between a first metasurface and a second metasurface. Through the transmission structure, the electromagnetic wave can be phase-modulated along the path of the electromagnetic wave from the first metasurface to the second metasurface or from the second metasurface to the first metasurface. This allows the emitted electromagnetic wave to be phase-modulated. When the radiating structure layer is assembled into the antenna, the phase difference between the edge region and the middle region of the antenna can be reduced, thereby making the phase of the emitted electromagnetic wave consistent. As a result, when the antenna is synthesized in the far field, the far field gain in the broadband can be optimized to form a pencil beam in the far field.

[0042] Please combine Figure 7 - Figure 9A As shown, Figure 7 The diagram illustrates a communication scenario in which the radiating structure layer of this embodiment and the antenna device including the radiating structure layer are applied. Figure 8 The diagram shows a side view of the radiating structure layer of this embodiment when applied to an antenna. Figure 9A A cross-sectional view of the radiation structure layer in this embodiment is shown.

[0043] Figure 7 It includes multiple communication base stations JZ and terminal equipment ZD that communicate with the communication base stations. The communication base stations can access the gNB (gNodeB) via optical fiber GQ.

[0044] Figure 7 The antenna in the communication base station can be configured with the radiating structure layer of this application embodiment or with an antenna device including the radiating structure layer of this application embodiment. When performing microwave backhaul between the same communication base stations, due to the radiating structure layer of this embodiment, one communication base station can radiate a far-field pencil beam to another communication base station, thereby improving far-field gain and ensuring signal transmission strength.

[0045] like Figure 7 As shown, the radiating structure layer and the antenna device including the radiating structure layer in this embodiment can be applied to fixed-beam microwave antennas for point-to-point communication. Its application scenarios can include: 4G / 5G / 5G-A communication base stations in foreign countries, islands, grasslands, etc., using microwave antennas for data backhaul.

[0046] Of course, the radiating structure layer and the antenna device including the radiating structure layer in this embodiment can also be applied to other scenarios, such as indoor signal coverage (60GHz), high-speed rail data backhaul (60GHz+E-band), hospital data backhaul, smart factory data backhaul, emergency communication data backhaul, etc.

[0047] like Figure 8 - Figure 9A As shown, this embodiment provides a radiating structure layer that can be used for electromagnetic wave radiation in an antenna. When in use, it can be used in conjunction with a feed source.

[0048] The radiation structure layer includes a first metasurface 11, a second metasurface 12, and a transmission structure 13 stacked along the thickness direction of the radiation structure layer 1.

[0049] The first metasurface 11 includes a plurality of first metasurface units 111; The second metasurface 12 is located on one side of the first metasurface 11 and includes a plurality of periodically arranged metal stripes 121. The transmission structure 13 is located between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12.

[0050] Among them, the first metasurface 11 can be a reflective metasurface, which, in addition to reflecting electromagnetic waves, can also be used to convert electromagnetic waves of polarization 1 into electromagnetic waves of polarization 2, with polarization 1 and polarization 2 having different polarization directions.

[0051] For example, the first metasurface 11 may include a plurality of first metasurface units 111, which may be arranged in an array in the first metasurface 11, and the patterns of the plurality of first metasurface units 111 may be the same or different.

[0052] In this embodiment, the first metasurface units 111 arrayed in the first metasurface 11 can also be used for phase modulation.

[0053] Since the first metasurface 11 can be used to convert polarization 1 into polarization 2, the shape of the first metasurface unit 111 can be symmetrical about the angle bisector of the electric field direction E1 of the electromagnetic wave of polarization 1 and the electric field direction E2 of the electromagnetic wave of polarization 2.

[0054] For example, such as Figure 24 As shown, the incident wave of feed 2 is polarized as polarization 1, with an electric field direction of E1. The electromagnetic wave is polarized as polarization 2, with an electric field direction of E2, which is perpendicular to E1. It should be noted that the electric field direction E1 of the incident electromagnetic wave can be any direction, and the electric field direction of the emitted electromagnetic wave is E2, which is perpendicular to E1.

[0055] The pattern of the first metasurface unit 111 is symmetrical about the angle bisectors of E1 and E2, thereby realizing the conversion of electromagnetic waves from polarization 1 to polarization 2. That is, the angle bisectors of E1 and E2 are the axis of symmetry of the first metasurface unit 111.

[0056] like Figure 25 - Figure 29 As shown, with the electric field directions E1 and E2 being the X and Y directions in the figure, respectively, the pattern of the first metasurface unit 111 can be selected. Figure 25 The first metasurface unit 111 shown is petal-shaped. Figure 26 The first metasurface unit 111 shown is composed of two annular openings of different sizes. Figure 27 The first metasurface unit 111 shown is double-arrow shaped. Figure 28 The first metasurface unit 111 shown is a polygonal shape. Figure 29 The first metasurface unit 111 shown is a pattern formed by an elliptical ring and the central axis of the elliptical ring.

[0057] like Figures 31-32 As shown, the electric field direction of polarization 1 makes an angle of 45° with the X-axis, the electric field direction of polarization 2 makes an angle of 135° with the X-axis, and the angle between the angle bisector L of polarization 1 and polarization 2 and the X-axis is 90°. The pattern of the first metasurface unit 111 can be selected. Figure 31 The pattern of the first metasurface unit 111 shown is rectangular ring-shaped. Figure 32 The pattern of the first metasurface unit 111 shown is a cross and an open ring nested together, and both patterns are symmetrical along the angle bisector L of polarization 1 and polarization 2.

[0058] In practice, any one or more of the above-mentioned patterns can be selected as the first metasurface unit 111 of the first metasurface 11, and no limitation is made here.

[0059] In this embodiment, the second metasurface 12 can also be a reflective metasurface, which is used to transmit electromagnetic waves of polarization 2 and reflect electromagnetic waves of polarization 1.

[0060] like Figure 33 and Figure 34 As shown, the second metasurface 12 may include a plurality of periodically arranged metal stripes 121, which may be arranged to form a grid pattern.

[0061] Among them, the metal stripe 121 is parallel to the electric field E1 of the incident electromagnetic wave polarization 1 and perpendicular to the electric field E2 of the outgoing electromagnetic wave polarization 2, and is used to reflect the electromagnetic wave of polarization 1 and transmit the electromagnetic wave of polarization 2.

[0062] In this way, the pattern of the first metasurface unit 111 can be symmetrical about the angle bisector between the metal stripe 121 and the orthogonal direction of the metal stripe 121.

[0063] The width of the metal stripe 121 can be 0.01–1 mm, such as… Figure 33 and Figure 34 As shown, the width can refer to the line width W of the metal stripe 121, which can be 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.08mm, 0.12mm, 0.22mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, and 1mm.

[0064] The gap between the metal stripes 121 can be 0.01–1 mm, such as… Figure 33 and Figure 34 As shown, the gap can refer to the spacing d between the metal stripes 121, which can be 0.01mm, 0.08mm, 0.1mm, 0.22mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm and 1mm.

[0065] In some examples, the gap d between the metal stripes 121 can be the same as the width w of the metal stripes 121.

[0066] In this embodiment, as Figure 9B As shown, the transmission structure can be a lens, which is used to adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave.

[0067] The lens can include plano-convex lenses, dielectric lenses, metal plate lenses, metamaterial lenses, etc. The thickness of the lens is different at different positions, so the path length of the antenna signal is different at different positions, resulting in different phase compensation of the electromagnetic wave at different positions, thus achieving phase compensation at different positions. In this way, electromagnetic waves of equal phase are emitted on one side of the second metasurface.

[0068] Taking a plano-convex lens as an example, the middle of the plano-convex lens is thicker and the edges are thinner, so the electromagnetic wave travels a longer path through the medium in the middle and a shorter path through the medium at the edges. It can achieve the same phase of the electromagnetic wave at the exit surface by changing the dielectric constant of the medium.

[0069] In this embodiment, as Figure 9A As shown, the transmission structure may include at least one third metasurface, and the third metasurface includes a plurality of second metasurface units.

[0070] At least one third metasurface 13 is stacked between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12 in the thickness direction of the first metasurface 11, and includes a plurality of second metasurface units 131 configured to perform phase modulation; and the second metasurface units 131 are differentially distributed in at least one third metasurface 13.

[0071] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 and Figure 9A As shown, the second metasurface 12 and the first metasurface 11 can be arranged opposite to each other, and the third metasurface 13 is located between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12. One third metasurface 13 can be arranged between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12, or multiple third metasurfaces 13 can be arranged.

[0072] In this embodiment, the transmission structure includes at least one third metasurface as an example.

[0073] In this embodiment, the third metasurface 13 may include a plurality of second metasurface units 131. The second metasurface units 131 can be used to modulate the phase of the incident electromagnetic wave. For example, by setting a plurality of second metasurface units 131, the phase of the electromagnetic wave can be changed, thereby modulating the phase of the outgoing electromagnetic wave.

[0074] The number of stacked third metasurfaces 13 can correspond to the aperture of the applied antenna.

[0075] For example, the larger the aperture of the antenna, the more stacked third metasurfaces 13 it has, and the smaller the aperture of the antenna, the fewer stacked third metasurfaces 13 it has.

[0076] For example, if the antenna aperture is 100mm, two layers of the third metasurface 13 can be stacked; if the antenna aperture is 200mm, three layers of the third metasurface 13 can be stacked; and if the antenna aperture is 300mm, five or four layers of the third metasurface 13 can be stacked.

[0077] In the case of stacking multiple layers of third metasurface 13, the size and shape of the multiple layers of third metasurface 13 can be the same.

[0078] Of course, in some other examples, the size and shape of the multilayer third metasurface 13 can also be different when stacking multiple layers of third metasurface 13.

[0079] In this embodiment, the example is taken where the dimensions and shapes of the multilayer third metasurface 13 are all the same.

[0080] For example, multiple layers of third metasurface 13 can be stacked, and the distribution of second metasurface units 131 in the multiple layers of third metasurface 13 is differentiated, that is, the second metasurface units 131 are differentiatedly distributed in the multiple layers of third metasurface 13, so that the multiple layers of third metasurface 13 can perform gradient phase modulation on electromagnetic waves.

[0081] As another example, a third metasurface 13 can be stacked, and the distribution of the second metasurface units 131 in the third metasurface 13 can also be differentiated, that is, the second metasurface units 131 are differentiatedly distributed in the third metasurface 13, so that different regions in the third metasurface 13 have different phase compensations for electromagnetic waves.

[0082] Taking the stacked multilayer third metasurface 13 as an example, the differential distribution can include the following types of differentials: 1. The spacing is differentiated. For example, the spacing between the second metasurface units 131 in one layer of third metasurface 13 is greater than the spacing between the second metasurface units 131 in another layer of third metasurface 13, resulting in some third metasurfaces 13 having dense distribution of second metasurface units 131 and others having sparse distribution of second metasurface units 131.

[0083] 2. The shape of the second metasurface unit 131 is differentiated. For example, the shape of the second metasurface unit 131 in one layer of third metasurface 13 is a first shape and a second shape, and the shape of the second metasurface unit 131 in another layer of third metasurface 13 is a third shape, a second shape and a first shape.

[0084] 3. The distribution areas of the second metasurface unit 131 are differentiated. For example, in one layer of the third metasurface 13, the second metasurface unit 131 is mainly distributed in the edge region, while in another layer of the third metasurface 13, the second metasurface unit 131 is mainly distributed in the edge region and the region near the center of the edge region. That is, in different layers of the third metasurface 13, the distribution areas of the second metasurface unit 131 can be different, so that the third metasurface 13 in different layers can perform differentiated compensation for electromagnetic waves in different regions of the antenna.

[0085] In the case of stacked multilayer third metasurfaces 13, the above three differentiations can coexist in the multilayer third metasurface 13, or they can coexist partially in the multilayer third metasurface 13.

[0086] In the case of stacked single-layer third metasurface 13, the above three differences can also exist simultaneously or partially in different regions of the third metasurface 13. That is, in different regions of the single-layer third metasurface 13, at least one of the number, spacing, and shape of the second metasurface units 131 can be different.

[0087] This embodiment is illustrated using the example where all three types of differentiation exist.

[0088] By using the three different settings mentioned above, the electromagnetic waves in different regions of the antenna can be modulated in a different phase. For example, the phase modulation intensity of the electromagnetic waves in the edge region is greater than that in the center region, thereby reducing the phase difference between the electromagnetic waves in the edge region and the electromagnetic waves in the center region, and thus reducing the path dispersion of the electromagnetic waves.

[0089] The strength of phase modulation can be characterized by phase compensation or phase offset. The greater the phase compensation (phase offset), the stronger the phase modulation.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 The equivalent feed 2 structure path diagram of the planar folded reflector array antenna is shown, as follows: Figure 10 As shown, when electromagnetic waves irradiate the center unit and the edge unit, the electromagnetic waves travel different paths at different positions, resulting in different phases when the electromagnetic waves arrive at different positions on the feed surface. To achieve the pencil beam required in the embodiments of this application, the electromagnetic waves need to be on the same phase surface at the emission plane. Therefore, the phase between the center unit and the edge unit needs to be modulated to be the same. However, since the incident phases of the center unit and the edge unit are not the same, differential phase modulation can be performed on the center unit and the edge unit, that is, different phase compensation is required for the center unit and the edge unit.

[0091] For example, the phase compensation of the central unit is 20°, and the phase compensation of the edge unit is the largest, which is 540° (greater than 360°) or 300° (less than 360°). Thus, the third metasurface 13 needs to perform a phase compensation of 20° on the central unit and a phase compensation of 540° or 300° on the edge units.

[0092] When a single layer of third metasurface 13 is stacked between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12, the third metasurface 13 can achieve different phase compensation for the central unit and the edge unit through the above three distribution differences.

[0093] When multiple layers of a third metasurface 13 are stacked between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12, the multilayer third metasurface 13 can achieve different phase compensation for the central unit and the edge unit through the above three distribution differences.

[0094] It should be noted that the maximum phase compensation value of the single-layer third metasurface 13 is 360°. Therefore, if the maximum phase compensation value is less than 360°, a single-layer third metasurface 13 can be set to perform phase compensation for electromagnetic waves.

[0095] The larger the antenna aperture, the greater the phase compensation value of the edge unit. When the phase compensation is greater than 360°, multiple layers of third metasurface 13 can be stacked. The multiple layers of third metasurface 13 can perform iterative compensation for the region with phase compensation greater than 360° on the electromagnetic wave path, and perform single compensation for the region with phase compensation less than 360°. That is, one layer of third metasurface 13 is used to compensate for the region with compensation less than 360°.

[0096] For example, for regions with a compensation amount greater than 360°, the compensation of electromagnetic waves by one layer of third metasurface 13 can be performed after the compensation of electromagnetic waves by another layer of third metasurface 13. For example, the first layer of third metasurface 13 performs 360° phase compensation of electromagnetic waves in this region (such as the edge region), and the compensated electromagnetic waves are incident on the second layer of third metasurface 13. The second layer of third metasurface 13 then performs 180° phase compensation of electromagnetic waves in this region, thereby achieving a total phase compensation of 540°.

[0097] In this case, based on the direction of electromagnetic wave transmission, the order in which the third metasurface 13 of the previous layer receives electromagnetic waves is before that of the third metasurface 13 of the next layer.

[0098] Taking a transmission structure including at least one third metasurface as an example, please combine... Figures 35-39The diagram shows several schematic patterns of the second metasurface unit 131. The pattern of the second metasurface unit 131 can be symmetrical with the direction of the polarized electric field. In practice, phase compensation can be achieved in the range of 0-2π by changing the structural design such as the size and shape of the second metasurface unit 131.

[0099] in, Figure 35 The second metasurface unit 131 shown is cross-shaped. Figure 36 The second metasurface unit 131 shown is square in shape. Figure 37 The second metasurface unit 131 shown is in the shape of a square ring. Figure 38 The second metasurface unit 131 shown has a shape in which square rings and open square rings are nested. Figure 39 The second metasurface unit 131 shown has a shape of nested open annulus.

[0100] In this context, a third metasurface 13 may include multiple second metasurface units 131 of a single shape, or, as mentioned above, the differentiated distribution may be reflected in the shape differences of the second metasurface units 131, in which case a third metasurface 13 may include second metasurface units 131 of various shapes.

[0101] Figures 35-39 This is merely an example illustrating the shape of the second metasurface unit 131. In practice, the second metasurface unit 131 can also have other shapes, as long as its shape can satisfy the symmetry of the electric field direction of the polarized electromagnetic wave. No limitation is made here.

[0102] Among them, the polarized electromagnetic wave can be the electromagnetic wave with polarization 2 mentioned above.

[0103] For example, with Figure 8 Taking this example, the working principle of the radiating structure layer 1 in the antenna of this embodiment will be explained. Electromagnetic waves are emitted from the feed source 2 with polarization 1. The second metasurface 12 reflects the electromagnetic waves of polarization 1. The electromagnetic waves first pass through the third metasurface 13 and hit the first metasurface 11. Upon reaching the first metasurface 11, the first metasurface 11 converts polarization 1 to polarization 2 and simultaneously performs phase modulation before reflecting the electromagnetic waves. The reflected electromagnetic waves pass through the third metasurface 13 again and reach the second metasurface 12 with polarization 2. The second metasurface 12 transmits the electromagnetic waves of polarization 2, forming an equiphase surface after transmission.

[0104] Among them, the third metasurface 13 performs phase modulation on the electromagnetic waves of polarization 2 in different regions. The phase modulation in different regions is the same as described above, which performs different phase compensation on the central unit and the edge unit.

[0105] Among them, combined Figure 8 and Figure 10As shown, the center element refers to the element in the antenna with the smallest straight-line distance from feed 2, and the edge element refers to the element in the antenna with the largest straight-line distance from feed 2.

[0106] The radiating structure layer 1 of this embodiment can be applied to a planar folded reflective array antenna. At least one third metasurface 13 can perform differentiated phase modulation on the electromagnetic waves in different regions along the path of the electromagnetic waves from the first metasurface 11 to the second metasurface 12, or from the second metasurface 12 to the first metasurface 11, so that the phase of the electromagnetic waves emitted at the output surface can be modulated to the same phase, so as to output with equal phase, thereby optimizing the far-field gain in the broadband and forming a pencil beam in the far field.

[0107] Compared to equal phase compensation of electromagnetic waves in different regions of the antenna, this embodiment achieves precise phase compensation of the entire feed surface of the antenna through the differentiated distribution of second metasurface units 131 on at least one layer of third metasurface 13.

[0108] It should be noted that this embodiment Figures 25-32 The first metasurface unit 111 shown is, with Figures 35-39 The shapes of the second metasurface unit 131 shown are different, but in some scenarios, the shapes of the first metasurface unit 111 and the second metasurface unit 131 can be borrowed from each other. For example, the shape of the second metasurface unit 131 can adopt the shape of the first metasurface unit 111, and the shape of the first metasurface unit 111 can adopt the shape of the second metasurface unit 131. No hard restrictions are imposed here.

[0109] In this embodiment, the first metasurface unit 111, the second metasurface unit 131, and the metal stripe 121 can be a single layer of metal or a stack of multiple layers of metal.

[0110] The metal materials used in the first metasurface unit 111, the second metasurface unit 131, and the metal stripe 121 can be copper, aluminum, silver, gold, or other materials.

[0111] In this embodiment, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 can have the same shape, for example, all of them are circular, all of them are square, all of them are regular octagonal, etc.

[0112] In this embodiment, the first metasurface 11 can be configured as a plane.

[0113] In this embodiment, as Figure 9A As shown in (1), the second metasurface 12 can be configured as a plane.

[0114] In some examples, such as Figure 9AAs shown in (2)-(4), the second metasurface 12 can also be configured as a curved surface, which can be a sphere or a parabola.

[0115] Wherein, if the first metasurface 11 can be configured as a plane and the second metasurface 12 can be configured as a plane, such as Figure 9A As shown in (1), each third metasurface 13 can be a plane. The dimensions of the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 can be the same. For example, the orthographic projections of the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 onto the first metasurface 11 can coincide with the first metasurface 11.

[0116] Wherein, the first metasurface 11 can be configured as a plane, and the second metasurface 12 can be configured as a curved surface, such as... Figure 9A As shown in (2), each third metasurface 13 can be a plane, or as shown in (2). Figure 9A As shown in (3), each third metasurface 13 can be a curved surface. The orthographic projections of the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 onto the first metasurface 11 can fall within the first metasurface 11 or coincide with the first metasurface 11.

[0117] Or, in some examples, such as Figure 9A As shown in (4), part of the third metasurface 13 is a plane and part of the third metasurface 13 is a curved surface; wherein, the curved part of the third metasurface 13 can be attached to the second metasurface 12, and the plane part of the third metasurface 13 can be attached to the first metasurface 11.

[0118] In this example, the curvature of the third metasurface 13, which is a curved surface, can be the same as the curvature of the second metasurface 12 so that the two can fit together closely.

[0119] In this example, when the second metasurface 12 is curved, phase compensation can be performed by at least one layer of the third metasurface 13, which can also solve the gain jump problem of the curved reflective surface in the broadband and achieve good gain flatness in the broadband.

[0120] Among them, the gain jump point problem refers to the phenomenon that the gain of the antenna element fluctuates or decreases unexpectedly, discontinuously, or sharply.

[0121] In this embodiment, when the second metasurface 12 is a curved surface, the curved surface of the second metasurface 12 can be at least one of the following: arch, flattened ellipsoidal arch, short focal offset parabola, and non-quadratic freeform surface.

[0122] Among them, the arch is a curved or broken structure that spans an opening in a vertical plane. Thus, this kind of metasurface can increase the effective area of ​​the radiation surface in a limited space, while improving structural stability and reducing structural deformation caused by the external environment.

[0123] Among them, the flattened ellipsoidal arch is an arch-shaped structure with the curved cross-section or the whole of a flattened ellipsoid as its form. The flattened ellipsoid is a special form of ellipsoid, formed by rotating an ellipse around its minor axis. Its characteristic is that the equatorial radius (a=b) is greater than the polar radius (c), and the whole is shaped like a flattened disk. For example, when a=b=c, it is a standard sphere, and when a=b>c, it is a flattened ellipsoid.

[0124] Among them, the short-focal-length offset parabolic reflector refers to an offset parabolic reflector structure designed with a short focal length, that is, a portion of a parabolic revolute with f / D < 1 / 4. It retains the advantages of the offset structure, such as unobstructed views and low cross-polarization, while also possessing the characteristics of a short-focal-length parabolic reflector, such as small longitudinal dimensions and compact structure. This type of structure has a deeper primary reflector and a wider aperture angle, and its overall longitudinal height is much lower than that of a long-focal-length offset parabolic reflector with the same aperture.

[0125] Non-quadratic freeform surfaces refer to surfaces that do not belong to the category of quadratic surfaces, yet possess the characteristics of freeform surfaces such as asymmetry and the lack of a unified analytical expression. Freeform surfaces are complex continuous surfaces that differ from elementary analytic surfaces such as planes, cylinders, cones, and spheres. Quadratic surfaces are algebraic surfaces with a maximum degree of 2, including spheres, ellipsoids, parabolas, and hyperboloids. Non-quadratic freeform surfaces retain the core properties of freeform surfaces—"no axis of rotational symmetry, and curvature at each position can be independently designed"—while clearly distinguishing themselves from quadratic surfaces in terms of algebraic order. They typically contain high-order polynomial terms, locally discontinuous structures, or completely irregular three-dimensional morphological features.

[0126] In this embodiment, when an arched, flattened ellipsoidal arched, short focal offset parabolic, or non-quadratic freeform surface is used as the second metasurface 12, it can be used to help the antenna device reduce its profile height.

[0127] In this embodiment, the second metasurface 12 is configured as a curved surface, and the orthographic projection of the second metasurface 12 onto the first metasurface 11 can fall within the first metasurface 11. That is, for example, the area of ​​the spherical arch region of the second metasurface is less than or equal to the area of ​​the region of the first metasurface, so that the electromagnetic waves reflected from the second metasurface to the first metasurface can be fully received by the first metasurface.

[0128] In some examples of this embodiment, the center points of the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12 can be aligned. That is, the center point of the orthographic projection of the second metasurface 12 onto the first metasurface 11 can coincide with the center point of the first metasurface 11 to ensure the performance of the antenna.

[0129] Furthermore, in this example, the center points of the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 are aligned. That is, the center points of the orthographic projections of the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 onto the first metasurface 11 coincide with the center point of the first metasurface 11. In this way, the phase compensation of the third metasurface 13 can occur precisely in the corresponding region, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.

[0130] In this embodiment, since phase compensation is performed using a multi-layer third metasurface 13, antenna elements at different positions of the antenna can receive differentiated phase compensation, reducing the gain difference of the antenna elements at multiple frequency points, thereby making the gain of the antenna elements continuous and smooth, and solving the jump point problem.

[0131] In this embodiment, one or more third metasurfaces 13 can be provided between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12. In at least one third metasurface 13, multiple second metasurface units 131 are differentially distributed in multiple regions of the third metasurface 13.

[0132] In this example, a region of the third metasurface 13 can be regarded as a phase-tuning region. One region can correspond to a certain amount of phase compensation, and different regions can correspond to different amounts of phase compensation.

[0133] The division of the multiple regions of the third metasurface 13 can be determined according to the straight-line distance between it and each region of the antenna when it is applied to the antenna.

[0134] In this embodiment, if a third metasurface 13 is provided between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12, then the second metasurface unit 131 is distributed differently in multiple regions of the third metasurface 13.

[0135] If multiple layers of third metasurfaces 13 are stacked between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12, then in at least one of the multiple regions of the third metasurface 13, the second metasurface units 131 are differentially distributed in the multiple regions of the third metasurface 13.

[0136] The differential distribution can be reflected in the fact that the second metasurface unit 131 exhibits different shapes in different regions, and the distribution density of the second metasurface unit 131 is different in different regions. The difference in density can also be understood as the difference in the degree of distribution sparsity.

[0137] The sparsity includes the case where no second metasurface unit 131 is provided. In this case, it can be understood that multiple second metasurface units 131 are non-uniformly distributed in multiple regions.

[0138] Please refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 Taking a transmission structure that includes at least one third metasurface as an example, Figure 11 and Figure 12 Two schematic diagrams showing the distribution of the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13 are shown respectively.

[0139] like Figure 11 As shown, the differentiated distribution of multiple second metasurface units 131 on the third metasurface 13 in this layer can include: the second metasurface units 131 are non-uniformly distributed in multiple regions of the third metasurface 13.

[0140] For example, such as Figure 11 As shown, second metasurface units 131 are provided in some regions of the third metasurface 13, such as regions A3 and A4, while second metasurface units 131 are not provided in some regions, such as regions A1 and A2.

[0141] like Figure 12 As shown, the differentiated distribution of multiple second metasurface units 131 on the third metasurface 13 in this layer can include: the differentiation of the shape of the second metasurface units 131 in multiple regions of the third metasurface 13.

[0142] For example, such as Figure 12 As shown, second metasurface units 131 of different shapes are provided in different regions of the third metasurface 13. For example, second metasurface units 131 of type D shape are provided in region A1, second metasurface units 131 of type C shape are provided in region A2, second metasurface units 131 of type B shape are provided in region A3, and second metasurface units 131 of type A shape are provided in region A4.

[0143] Among them, types A, B, C and D can be any four of the five types of second metasurface units 131 mentioned above.

[0144] It should be noted that when a third metasurface 13 is stacked between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12, phase compensation of different amounts can be achieved for different regions by varying the number and / or shape of the second metasurface units 131 in different regions.

[0145] In some embodiments, taking the stacking of multiple third metasurfaces 13 between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12 as an example, the second metasurface units 131 exhibit a differentiated distribution on the plurality of third metasurfaces 13. This differentiated distribution can be reflected in the differentiation of the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed in the plurality of third metasurfaces 13, that is, the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed in the plurality of third metasurfaces 13 exhibit differentiation.

[0146] In this example, the differentiation of the distributed regions can mean that: in at least two third metasurfaces 13, the regions where the second metasurface unit 131 is distributed are located in different positions, and in the two third metasurfaces 13, the orthographic projections of the regions where the second metasurface unit 131 is distributed on the first metasurface 11 can be non-overlapping.

[0147] Please refer to Figure 13 , Figure 13 Figure (1) shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of the second metasurface unit 131 in one of the two stacked third metasurfaces 13. Figure 13 Figure (2) shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of the second metasurface unit 131 in one of the two stacked third metasurfaces 13. Wherein, Figure 13 In the third metasurface 13 of (1), the second metasurface units 131 are concentrated in region A4; Figure 13 In the third metasurface 13 of (2), the second metasurface unit 131 is concentrated in region A3, and regions A4 and A3 do not overlap.

[0148] thus, Figure 13 The third metasurface 13 shown in (1) performs phase compensation on the antenna elements corresponding to region A4. Figure 13 The third metasurface 13 shown in (2) performs phase compensation on the antenna element corresponding to region A3, and the compensation amounts of the two phase compensations are different.

[0149] The shapes of the second metasurface units 131 in regions A4 and A3 can be the same or different, and the distribution densities of the second metasurface units 131 in regions A4 and A3 can be the same or different.

[0150] In this example, the difference in the distribution area can also mean that: in at least two third metasurfaces 13, the areas of the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed are different; however, in at least two third metasurfaces 13, the orthographic projections of the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed on the first metasurface 11 can partially overlap.

[0151] For example, at least two third metasurfaces 13 may be part of a stack of multiple third metasurfaces 13, or may refer to all of the multiple third metasurfaces 13.

[0152] In the case where at least two third metasurfaces 13 are all of the multiple third metasurfaces 13, the regional differentiation of the distribution can refer to the fact that the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed in different third metasurfaces 13 can partially overlap on the orthographic projection of the first metasurface 11.

[0153] The overlapping can refer to incomplete overlap, meaning that the orthogonal projection of the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed on the first metasurface 11 in different third metasurfaces 13 includes the overlapping regions and the non-overlapping regions.

[0154] In this way, the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed in different third metasurfaces 13 can have some identical regions and some different regions.

[0155] In this way, the second metasurface units 131 can be evenly distributed in the regions (overlapping regions) corresponding to the same position in different third metasurfaces 13. Thus, in the transmission path of electromagnetic waves, the same antenna region can be phase compensated N times through multiple third metasurfaces 13. For the non-overlapping regions corresponding to the second metasurface units 131 in different third metasurfaces 13, the same antenna region can be phase compensated M times through a portion of the third metasurfaces 13 in the transmission path of electromagnetic waves.

[0156] As mentioned earlier, M is less than N, and both are positive integers.

[0157] For example, please refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 Figure (1) shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of the second metasurface unit 131 in one of the two stacked third metasurfaces 13. Figure 14 Figure (2) shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of the second metasurface unit 131 in one of the two stacked third metasurfaces 13. Wherein, Figure 14 In the third metasurface 13 of (1), the second metasurface units 131 are concentrated in regions A4 and A3; Figure 14 In the third metasurface 13 of (2), the second metasurface units 131 are concentrated in region A4.

[0158] Thus, the overlapping region of the two third metasurfaces 13 where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed is A4, and the non-overlapping region is A3. In this way, the phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the antenna region corresponding to region A4 can be determined via... Figure 14 The third metasurface 13 in (1) and (2) undergoes two iterative compensations, that is, the output phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the antenna region corresponding to region A4 can be... Figure 14 The compensation amounts of the two compensations of the third metasurface 13 in (1) and (2) are superimposed. The phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the antenna region corresponding to region A3 can be determined via... Figure 14 The third metasurface 13 of (1) is compensated once, thereby achieving the purpose of differential phase compensation for electromagnetic waves in different antenna regions.

[0159] For example, please refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 The figure shows a radial structure layer of three stacked third metasurfaces 13. In the first layer of the third metasurface 13-1, second metasurface units 131 are distributed in multiple regions. In the second layer of the third metasurface 13-2, second metasurface units 131 are distributed in some regions (regions A3 and A4) of multiple regions, while second metasurface units 131 are not distributed in some regions (regions A2 and A1). In the third layer of the third metasurface 13-3, second metasurface units 131 are distributed in some regions (region A4) of multiple regions, while second metasurface units 131 are not distributed in some regions (regions A1, A2, and A3).

[0160] Thus, in the multiple third metasurfaces 13, the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed overlap on the orthographic projection of the first metasurface 11, and the overlapping region is region A4.

[0161] For example, please refer to Figure 17 and Figure 18 The figure shows a radial structure layer of stacked two layers of third metasurface 13. In the first layer of third metasurface 13-1, multiple regions are distributed with second metasurface units 131. In the second layer of third metasurface 13-2, some regions (regions A3 and A2) of multiple regions are distributed with second metasurface units 131, while some regions (region A1) are not distributed with second metasurface units 131.

[0162] Thus, in the multiple third metasurfaces 13, the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed overlap on the orthographic projection of the first metasurface 11, and the overlapping regions are region A2 and region A3.

[0163] In some embodiments, in order to further reduce the phase difference between antenna elements, the antenna element with a larger phase offset generally corresponds to the largest phase offset, and correspondingly, the compensation amount is also the largest. In this case, multiple third metasurfaces 13 can be set, and in each third metasurface 13, the area corresponding to the antenna element with the largest phase offset can be provided with second metasurface elements 131.

[0164] For example, second metasurface units 131 are distributed in the target region of each third metasurface 13; The target area can be one or more of a plurality of areas.

[0165] In this example, the target region can correspond to the antenna element with the largest phase offset. In the radiation structure layer 1, the phase compensation of multiple third metasurfaces 13 is maximized in the target region.

[0166] The target region can be one of multiple regions, or a portion of multiple regions. The specific region can be determined based on the actual needs of phase modulation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0167] In this way, the regions where the second metasurface units 131 are distributed in the multiple third metasurfaces 13 overlap with the regions projected onto the first metasurface 11 in the target region.

[0168] Thus, multiple third metasurfaces 13 can achieve continuous phase compensation of electromagnetic waves in the target region.

[0169] In this example, the regions where the second metasurface units 131 of the multiple third metasurfaces 13 are distributed may be non-uniformly distributed in regions other than the target region. That is, the distribution of the second metasurface units 131 in different third metasurfaces 13 in multiple regions other than the target region is different.

[0170] In this way, by using multiple third metasurfaces 13, antenna elements at different positions in the antenna can be compensated differently, so that the phase compensation amount corresponding to antenna elements at different positions is different, thereby reducing the phase difference of antenna elements at different positions on the emitting surface and achieving equal phase compensation.

[0171] As mentioned above, the second metasurface 12 can be a plane or a curved surface.

[0172] When the second metasurface 12 can be a plane, the target area set on the multiple third metasurfaces 13 can be different from the target area set on the multiple third metasurfaces 13 when the second metasurface 12 can be a curved surface.

[0173] In some examples, the second metasurface 12 is configured as a curved surface.

[0174] The minimum distance from the target region to the edge of the third metasurface 13 is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance from the center point of the third metasurface 13 to the edge of the third metasurface 13, and the minimum distance from the target region to the center point of the third metasurface 13 is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the distance from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface 13.

[0175] In this example, the target region can be understood as the region located between the central region and the edge region in the third metasurface 13. The central region can be the region surrounding the geometric center point of the third metasurface 13, and the edge region can be the region surrounding the edge line of the third metasurface 13.

[0176] For example, the minimum distance from the target region to the edge of the third metasurface 13 can be equal to 1 / 4 of the distance from the center point of the third metasurface 13 to the edge of the third metasurface 13, and the minimum distance from the target region to the center point of the third metasurface 13 can be equal to 1 / 2 of the distance from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface 13.

[0177] The minimum distance from the target region to the edge of the third metasurface 13 can be defined as the vertical distance between the outer contour of the target region and the edge of the third metasurface 13.

[0178] The minimum distance from the target region to the center point of the third metasurface 13 can be defined as the vertical distance between the inner contour of the target region and the center point of the third metasurface 13.

[0179] like Figure 20 As shown, taking the example where the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 are all circular, the target area can be... Figure 20 The region A3 is shown in the figure. Of course, the same principle applies if the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 have other shapes.

[0180] In this example, since the second metasurface 12 is configured as a curved surface, the phase shift of the electromagnetic wave is greatest in the region between the center and edge regions of the curved surface. Therefore, by setting the second metasurface unit 131 in the target region of each layer of the third metasurface 13, the electromagnetic wave in the target region can be continuously phase-modulated along the transmission path of the electromagnetic wave, thereby reducing the phase difference between this region and the center region through phase modulation of multiple layers of the third metasurface 13.

[0181] In one example of this embodiment, when the second metasurface 12 is configured as a curved surface, the second metasurface units 131 in each third metasurface 13 can be distributed within a portion of the third metasurface 13. The minimum distance from this portion of the region to the center point of the third metasurface 13 is greater than or equal to half the distance from the center point of the third metasurface 13 to the edge of the third metasurface 13, and less than the distance from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface 13.

[0182] In this embodiment, a portion of region 13a may refer to the region in the third metasurface 13 excluding the edge region, and includes the region including the center point of the third metasurface 13.

[0183] Unlike the target region mentioned above, the target region is one of multiple regions. This part of the region can be a region formed by splicing together adjacent parts of multiple regions, including the center point. It can be understood as the overall region where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the third metasurface.

[0184] Please refer to Figure 22 The minimum distance d2 from a portion of region 13a to the edge of the third metasurface 13 is greater than or equal to half the distance d1 from the center point of the third metasurface 13 to the edge of the third metasurface 13, and less than the distance d1 from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface 13.

[0185] For example, the minimum distance d2 from a portion of the region to the edge of the third metasurface 13 can be 3 / 4, 4 / 5, etc. of d1, and is not limited here.

[0186] For example, when the third metasurface 13 is planar, a portion of it can be the projection region of the curved second metasurface 12 onto the third metasurface 13. (Combined with...) Figure 22 If the orthographic projection of the second metasurface 12 on the third metasurface 13 falls within the third metasurface 13, then multiple second metasurface units 131 can be set in the projection area, and multiple second metasurface units 131 can not be set in the non-projection area, thereby achieving differentiation of the distribution area of ​​the second metasurface units 131 in the third metasurface 13.

[0187] As mentioned earlier, the third metasurface 13 is divided into multiple regions, all surrounding the center point of the third metasurface 13, and these regions can be annular. In this case, a "partial region" can refer to the region excluding the region furthest from the center point of the third metasurface 13.

[0188] For example, such as Figure 20 As shown, the third metasurface 13 is divided into 4 regions. Region A4 is the farthest from the center point of the metasurface, so no second metasurface unit 131 is set in region A4. Second metasurface unit 131 is set in regions A1, A2 and A3.

[0189] In this embodiment, when the second metasurface 12 is curved, the third metasurface 13 is divided into multiple regions located within the orthographic projection of the second metasurface 12. In practice, the region within the orthographic projection of the second metasurface 12 can be divided into multiple regions according to the phase compensation requirements, and the second metasurface units 131 can be arranged differently within these multiple regions. This allows the phase compensation to be concentrated within the reflection range of the second metasurface 12, avoiding antenna performance problems caused by unnecessary phase compensation.

[0190] In some examples, the second metasurface 12 is configured as a plane.

[0191] The target region can be the edge region of the third metasurface 13, which is the region with the largest distance from the center point of the third metasurface 13 among multiple regions.

[0192] In this example, the target region can be understood as the region surrounding the edge line in the third metasurface 13.

[0193] For example, such as Figure 15 and Figure 17 As shown, taking the third metasurface 13 as a circular shape as an example, the edge region can be... Figure 15 The area A4 shown is shown. Figure 17 The area shown is A3.

[0194] In this example, since the second metasurface 12 is configured as a plane, the phase shift of the electromagnetic wave is greatest in the edge region of the plane. Therefore, by setting the second metasurface unit 131 in the edge region of each layer of the third metasurface 13, the electromagnetic wave in the edge region (i.e. the edge unit) can be continuously phase-modulated in the transmission path of the electromagnetic wave. Thus, through multi-layer modulation, the phase difference between the edge region and the center region is reduced, and equal-phase electromagnetic wave emission is achieved.

[0195] In a radiative structure layer 1 provided in this example, the second metasurface 12 is configured as a plane, and the radiative structure layer 1 includes a plurality of third metasurfaces 13, wherein a portion of the third metasurface 13 has a plurality of second metasurface units 131 distributed in a plurality of regions of the portion of the third metasurface 13.

[0196] The statement that the second metasurface unit 131 is distributed in multiple regions can mean that the second metasurface unit 131 is provided in each region of the third metasurface 13, that is, the second metasurface unit 131 is provided in the entire domain of the third metasurface 13. Thus, phase compensation can be performed on the electromagnetic waves of multiple antenna units at different positions of the antenna.

[0197] For example, such as Figure 15 As shown, the third metasurface 13 is divided into four regions, and a second metasurface unit 131 is provided in each of the four regions. Thus, the third metasurface 13 can perform phase compensation for the electromagnetic waves of multiple antenna units in the entire antenna domain.

[0198] For example, such as Figure 17 As shown, the third metasurface 13 is divided into three regions, and a second metasurface unit 131 is provided in each of the three regions. Thus, the third metasurface 13 can also perform phase compensation for the electromagnetic waves of multiple antenna units in the entire antenna domain.

[0199] In this embodiment, when multiple third metasurfaces 13 are stacked, the phase of the antenna elements at each location of the antenna can be compensated by providing second metasurface units 131 in multiple regions of a portion of the third metasurfaces 13.

[0200] In some embodiments, the division of multiple regions of the third metasurface 13 may be related to the feeding position of the feed source 2 on the first metasurface 11. For example, if the feed source 2 is fed at the center position (the position of the center point) of the first metasurface 11, then the multiple regions may be divided into multiple nested rings centered on that center position. In this way, a portion of the multiple regions surrounds the center point of the third metasurface 13; wherein, in at least two adjacent regions of the portion of the region, one region surrounds another region.

[0201] For example, taking the third metasurface 13 as a circle, it is divided into multiple concentric rings (the innermost one is circular).

[0202] In this embodiment, multiple annular regions are divided from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface 13, such as... Figure 10 As shown, targeted phase compensation can be performed on electromagnetic waves with different path lengths, thereby improving the accuracy of phase compensation. Furthermore, the width of the annular region can be dynamically adjusted according to the phase deviation of the electromagnetic wave at the corresponding radial position, making the phase compensation more accurately match the actual propagation characteristics.

[0203] Of course, in other examples, there may be other ways to divide the region, such as... Figure 21 As shown, the third metasurface 13 can be divided into multiple sector regions SA based on the radius of the circular third metasurface 13.

[0204] Specifically, it can be determined based on the coupling position and coupling mode between the feed source 2 and the first metasurface 11, without any special limitations here.

[0205] In some embodiments, when the radiation structure layer 1 includes a plurality of third metasurfaces 13, in a portion of the third metasurfaces 13, the second metasurface units 131 located in the same region are the same, and the second metasurface units 131 in different regions are different.

[0206] In this embodiment, the second metasurface units 131 in the same region being the same may include: the second metasurface units 131 having the same shape, or the second metasurface units 131 having the same size, or the second metasurface units 131 having both the same size and shape.

[0207] In this embodiment, the difference of the second metasurface unit 131 in different regions may include: the shape of the second metasurface unit 131 in different regions is different, or the size of the second metasurface unit 131 in different regions is different, or the size and shape of the second metasurface unit 131 in different regions are both different.

[0208] In some examples, for each third metasurface 13, the second metasurface units 131 located in the same region are the same, while the second metasurface units 131 in different regions are different.

[0209] In some examples, for a portion of the third metasurface 13, the second metasurface units 131 located in the same region within each third metasurface 13 of the portion of the third metasurface 13 are identical, while the second metasurface units 131 located in different regions are different. Simultaneously, in a portion of the multiple third metasurfaces 13, the second metasurface units 131 located in different regions are all identical.

[0210] Using the radiation structure layer 1 in this example, with different transmissive metasurfaces in different regions, each third metasurface 13 can correspond to different phase compensation amounts in different regions, so that each third metasurface 13 can perform fine phase compensation in different regions, thereby improving the precision of phase compensation.

[0211] As mentioned above, multiple third metasurfaces 13 can have the same size and shape. In this case, different third metasurfaces 13 can be divided into the same number of regions according to the same region division method. For example, such as... Figure 15 and Figure 17 As shown, each third metasurface 13 is divided into 4 or 3 regions according to the same division method.

[0212] In some embodiments, in at least a portion of the third metasurface 13, the second metasurface units 131 in regions corresponding to the same location have differences in shape and / or spacing.

[0213] In this embodiment, the region corresponding to the same position can refer to the region where the positions of different third metasurfaces 13 overlap on the orthographic projection of the first metasurface 11.

[0214] For example, such as Figure 15 As shown, it includes three third metasurfaces 13, each of which is divided into four regions. Regions at the same location can refer to region A4, and the orthographic projections of regions A4 on the first metasurface 11 of the three third metasurfaces 13 coincide.

[0215] In some examples, for any two third metasurfaces 13 of a plurality of third metasurfaces 13, the second metasurface units 131 in the regions corresponding to the same position in the two third metasurfaces 13 differ in shape and / or spacing.

[0216] In other examples, for a portion of a plurality of third metasurfaces 13, the second metasurface units 131 in the corresponding regions of the portion of the third metasurface 13 differ in shape and / or spacing.

[0217] In other words, among the multiple third metasurfaces 13, at least two third metasurfaces 13 satisfy the above-described condition: the second metasurface units 131 in the same region have differences in shape and / or spacing.

[0218] In this embodiment, differences in shape and / or spacing may include different shapes of the second metasurface units 131, different spacing between the second metasurface units 131, or different spacing and shape between the second metasurface units 131.

[0219] Using the radiating structure layer 1 of this example, by setting second metasurface units 131 with different shapes and / or spacings in the same area corresponding to different third metasurfaces 13, when applied to the antenna, the phase of the antenna element at the same position can be continuously compensated, and the amount of continuous compensation is different. Thus, by setting the shape and spacing of the second metasurface units 131 reasonably, the phase compensation of the electromagnetic wave of the antenna element in a certain area by each layer of third metasurface 13 can be flexibly adjusted, thereby improving the fineness of phase compensation. Moreover, the compensation amount of each layer of third metasurface 13 can be independently adjusted, ultimately achieving high-precision optimization of the overall radiation pattern of the antenna.

[0220] For example, with Figure 15 For example, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element corresponding to region A4 undergoes a 240° phase shift on the third metasurface 13-1, a 180° phase shift on the third metasurface 13-2, and a 120° phase shift on the third metasurface 13-3. Thus, through the continuous compensation of the three layers of the third metasurface 13, the antenna element corresponding to region A4 is compensated for a total phase shift of 540°.

[0221] in, Figure 15 , Figure 17 and Figure 19 In the third metasurface 13, A represents a type Figure 22 - Figure 26 The second metasurface unit 131, B, of the shape shown is indicated. Figure 22 - Figure 26 The second metasurface unit 131, of another shape shown, is represented by C. Figure 22 - Figure 26 The second metasurface unit 131, of another shape shown, is represented by D. Figure 22 - Figure 26 The second metasurface unit 131 is shown in yet another shape.

[0222] Among them, the shapes of the second metasurface units 131 represented by A / B / C / D are all different.

[0223] In this embodiment, the metasurfaces (first metasurface 11, second metasurface 12 and third metasurface 13) in the radiating structure layer can be fabricated using semiconductor technology. The processing precision of semiconductor technology can reach the micrometer level, thereby improving the performance of the microwave antenna.

[0224] In this embodiment, some of the metasurfaces in the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 may include a dielectric layer.

[0225] For example, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 may each include a dielectric layer.

[0226] The dielectric layer may include one or more dielectric layers.

[0227] For example, the dielectric layer may include a dielectric layer, which may be glass, a dielectric material, a flexible film layer, etc.

[0228] As another example, the dielectric layer may include multiple dielectric layers, the materials of which may be different or the same. For example, the dielectric layer may be formed using glass and a flexible film layer, or it may be formed using a dielectric material and a flexible film layer.

[0229] The dielectric material can be PC (polycarbonate), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), LCP (liquid crystal polymer), or SPS (syndiotactic polystyrene).

[0230] The first metasurface unit 111 in the first metasurface 11 can be disposed on one side of the dielectric layer 110 of the first metasurface 11, the metal stripe 121 in the second metasurface 12 can be disposed on one side of the dielectric layer 120 of the second metasurface 12, and the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13 can be disposed on one side of the dielectric layer 130 of the third metasurface 13.

[0231] For example, in the case of including multiple third metasurfaces 13, each stacked third metasurface 13 may include an independent dielectric layer; or two adjacent third metasurfaces 13 may share a dielectric layer, in which case the second metasurface units 131 in the two adjacent third metasurfaces 13 may be disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric layer.

[0232] In this embodiment, when the second metasurface is curved, the dielectric layer of the second metasurface can be formed of a flexible material, which may include: polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), urethane (PU), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), etc.

[0233] Similarly, if the third metasurface is also configured as a curved surface, the dielectric layer of the third metasurface is still formed using a flexible material, and the selected flexible material can refer to the above description.

[0234] Please combine Figure 40 - Figure 45 As shown, in this embodiment, at least some of the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 can be fabricated using semiconductor processes. For example, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 can all be fabricated using semiconductor processes.

[0235] When using semiconductor technology, the process precision is high, reaching the micrometer level, which makes the pattern of the formed metasurface unit more refined, thereby improving the processing accuracy and surface roughness of the metasurface.

[0236] Please combine Figure 46 As shown, when at least some of the metasurfaces in the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 can be fabricated using semiconductor processes, the etching angle corresponding to at least one of the first metasurface unit 111, the metal stripe 121, and the second metasurface unit 131 is less than or equal to 20°.

[0237] The etching angle is the angle between the etching surface of at least one of the first metasurface unit 111, the metal stripe 121, and the second metasurface unit 131 and the normal direction of the dielectric layer.

[0238] The normal direction of the dielectric layer can refer to the thickness direction of the dielectric layer.

[0239] like Figure 46 As shown, taking the first metasurface unit in the first metasurface as an example, the etching angle is the angle α between the etching surface of the first metasurface unit and the normal direction of the dielectric layer. In this embodiment, the etching angle α of the metasurface can be less than or equal to 20°, such as equal to 20°, or less than 20°.

[0240] like Figure 46 As shown, the etching angle can also be reflected in the roughness of the sidewall of the first metasurface unit. Taking the first metasurface unit made of copper as an example, Figure 46 The middle (1) is a cross-sectional view of the first metasurface unit fabricated on a PCB (printed circuit board) using processes such as rolled copper, electrolytic copper, and bonded copper foil. Figure 46 (2) is a cross-sectional view of the first metasurface unit fabricated using semiconductor technology.

[0241] from Figure 46(1) It can be seen that the copper thickness on PCB boards is generally 18um, 35um, 70um, etc. When using PCB copper-clad laminates to process high-frequency microwave antennas, the copper layer needs to be patterned. Due to the thick copper layer, burrs will be generated. For the etching of PCB copper-clad laminates, the maximum etching angle is close to 90 degrees, and the line width L of the etched copper pattern has a large error (≥20um), which seriously affects the electromagnetic performance of the high-frequency microwave antenna.

[0242] from Figure 46 (2) It can be seen that the copper layer made by semiconductor process is thinner and can be controlled at 2-3um. Using the copper etching process of semiconductor, metal patterns in the high frequency microwave band can be well prepared. The etching angle is ≤20° and the line width L error of the etched pattern is ≤1um, which can better match the metal film processing of high frequency microwave antenna.

[0243] Of course, when using semiconductor technology to fabricate the second and third metasurfaces, the etching angle corresponding to the metal stripes on the second metasurface is also less than or equal to 20°, and the etching angle corresponding to the gold second metasurface unit on the third metasurface is also less than or equal to 20°.

[0244] In this embodiment, the semiconductor process for fabricating metasurface units (first metasurface unit 111, second metasurface unit 131 and metal stripe 121) may include sputtering, electroplating, or a combination of sputtering and electroplating.

[0245] In this embodiment, the metasurface may further include an encapsulation layer located on the side of the metasurface unit away from the dielectric layer, and the encapsulation layer is used to encapsulate the metasurface.

[0246] For example, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 may each include an encapsulation layer.

[0247] In this embodiment, the encapsulation layer can be a thin film encapsulation or a cover plate 114 encapsulation.

[0248] The thin-film encapsulation layer 113 can be formed by deposition or other methods, for example, such as... Figures 39-41 As shown, when a thin film is used as the encapsulation layer, the thin film can wrap the metasurface units in the metasurface. That is to say, the exposed parts of the metasurface units on the dielectric layer can directly contact the thin film. Since the metasurface units are formed on the dielectric layer using metal materials, the metasurface units protrude from the dielectric layer. When using thin film encapsulation, from a microscopic (micrometer level) perspective, the surface of the thin film away from the dielectric layer can be an uneven surface.

[0249] Please combine Figures 40-42 The diagram shown illustrates the fabrication process of a metasurface encapsulated with a thin film. Figure 40 - Figure 41 It targets the second or third metasurface 13. Figure 42 It is aimed at the first metasurface 11.

[0250] like Figure 40 As shown, a metal layer JS, such as a copper layer, is deposited on one side of the dielectric layer using a sputtering method. Then, the metal layer JS is electroplated to form a second metasurface unit 131 (or metal stripe 121), followed by thin-film encapsulation. Figure 41 As shown, a metal layer JS, such as a copper layer, can be deposited on one side of the dielectric layer by sputtering. Then, the metal layer JS is electroplated and electroplated sequentially to form the second metasurface unit 131 (or metal stripe 121), and then thin film encapsulation is performed.

[0251] like Figure 42 As shown, a metal layer JS, such as a copper layer, can be deposited on one side of the dielectric layer by sputtering. Then, the metal layer JS is electroplated sequentially to form the first metasurface unit 111. After thin film encapsulation, a metal layer 26 is formed on the side of the dielectric layer opposite to the first metasurface unit 111. This metal layer 26 can be used to reflect electromagnetic waves.

[0252] Please combine Figures 43-45 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the fabrication process of encapsulating a metasurface using cover plate 114. Figures 43-44 This is aimed at the second or third metasurface 13; Figure 45 It is aimed at the first metasurface 11.

[0253] The cover plate 114 can be a glass cover plate 114 or a cover plate 114 made of other materials.

[0254] When the cover plate 114 is packaged, the cover plate 114 can be attached to the surface of the metasurface unit away from the dielectric layer, and the surface of the cover plate 114 away from the substrate is flat.

[0255] in, Figures 43-44 The process can be referred to Figure 40 and Figure 41 Process introduction, Figure 45 The process can be referred to Figure 42 The process is not detailed here.

[0256] like Figures 40-45 As shown, a reverse stress layer 112 may also be included between the metasurface unit and the dielectric layer. In the semiconductor process, the reverse stress layer 112 can alleviate the stress during the subsequent formation of the metasurface unit.

[0257] The reverse stress layer 112 may include at least one inorganic material layer, which may be silicon nitride or silicon oxide. When the reverse stress layer 112 includes multiple inorganic material layers, the reverse stress layer 112 may include a silicon nitride film and a silicon oxide film.

[0258] The reverse stress layer 112 can be a single layer or composed of multiple layers of stacked materials.

[0259] It should be noted that when using sputtering and electroplating methods to prepare metasurface units, the seed layer is not limited to metals and can be a conductive inorganic material, such as ITO (indium tin oxide).

[0260] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the third metasurface 13, the first metasurface 11, and the second metasurface 12 may be spliced ​​together from a plurality of discrete plates BK. Among them, multiple separate plates BK are spliced ​​together in the planar direction of the metasurface.

[0261] In this embodiment, "separate" can also be understood as "independent," so the metasurface can be composed of multiple BK plates spliced ​​together.

[0262] In this embodiment, multiple plates BK can be understood as multiple metasurface regions divided into the metasurface in a certain way. Each metasurface region can be made independently, or after the entire metasurface is made, the entire metasurface is cut to obtain multiple plates BK.

[0263] In this embodiment, splicing in the planar direction can be understood as splicing on the working surface of the metasurface, which is the surface on which the metasurface units are arranged.

[0264] In this embodiment, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 can all be divided into multiple plates BK. When the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 have the same shape and size, each of the divided plates BK can be the same in size and shape.

[0265] like Figure 47 and Figure 48 As shown, each plate BK can be regarded as part of a metasurface (or a third metasurface). Multiple plates BK can have the same size and shape, so that each plate BK has the same volume, thereby minimizing the space occupied by the plate BK and facilitating disassembly and transportation.

[0266] Of course, in other examples, each of the split plates BK can also be different in size and shape. For example, if the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 have different shapes and sizes, the multiple split plates BK can also be different in size and shape.

[0267] As mentioned above, the third metasurface 13 can be divided into multiple regions, each of which can be regarded as a phase-tuning region, and multiple second metasurface units 131 are distributed differently in multiple regions.

[0268] In some examples of this embodiment, the third metasurface 13 can be divided into multiple plates BK. The division method of the plates BK can be consistent with the division method of multiple regions. That is, a plate BK can be regarded as a region of the third metasurface 13 used for phase adjustment.

[0269] In this way, the second metasurface unit 131 can be distributed differentially in multiple discrete plates BK.

[0270] As mentioned above, the differential distribution may include differences in the shape, size, spacing of the second metasurface unit 131, and at least one of the distributed plates BK.

[0271] For example, if the transmission structure includes at least one third metasurface, then a portion of the plate BK includes a second metasurface unit 131, and a portion of the plate BK does not include the second metasurface unit 131.

[0272] For example, the shape of the second metasurface unit 131 in a portion of plate BK is different from the shape of the second metasurface unit 131 in another portion of plate BK.

[0273] For example, the spacing between the second metasurface units 131 in a portion of the plate BK is different from the spacing between the second metasurface units 131 in another portion of the plate BK.

[0274] For example, the size of the second metasurface unit 131 in a portion of plate BK is different from the size of the second metasurface unit 131 in another portion of plate BK.

[0275] Please combine Figure 15 , Figure 17 and Figure 19 Taking the transmission structure as an example, which includes at least one third metasurface, the size and shape of the multiple plates BK cut from the third metasurface 13 can be different. For example, the multiple plates BK cut from the third metasurface 13 include annular plates BK and circular plates BK.

[0276] In this way, the size and shape of multiple BK plates can vary.

[0277] The third metasurface 13 of this embodiment includes multiple discrete plates BK, each plate BK corresponding to the phase compensation of an antenna element at a certain location of the antenna, so that each plate BK can independently realize the phase compensation of a certain location area of ​​the antenna.

[0278] When assembling the third metasurface 13, the required plate BK can be selected for assembly according to the phase compensation requirements of multiple location regions of the antenna, which improves the assembly flexibility and enables the reconstruction of the phase compensation of the third metasurface 13.

[0279] For example, with Figure 15 Taking the third metasurface 13-1 as an example, the plate BK in region A1 of the third metasurface 13-1 can be replaced with the plate BK in region A1 of the third metasurface 13-2, thereby changing the third metasurface 13-1 to have second metasurface units 131 distributed in regions A2, A3 and A4, thereby realizing phase compensation in regions A2, A3 and A4, and thus realizing reconstruction in phase compensation.

[0280] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides an antenna device, please refer to... Figures 49-50 As shown, the antenna device may include: a feed 2 and Figure 7 - Figure 48 Any of the aforementioned radiation structure layers 1.

[0281] The feed 2 is coupled to the first metasurface 11 in the radiation structure layer 1, and the second metasurface 12 is located on the side of the first metasurface 11 away from the feed 2. The first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12 have a gap in the cross-sectional direction of the antenna device.

[0282] In the antenna device of this embodiment, the feed source 2 may include a waveguide feed source 2, which may be a circular waveguide feed source 2 or a rectangular waveguide feed source 2.

[0283] In the antenna device of this embodiment, the feed source 2 may include an active planar array feed source 2, such as... Figure 53 As shown, the active planar array feed 2 includes a power layer GF, a slot layer FXL, and a FS.

[0284] Among them, the power layer GF is a 1-to-49 power divider, which feeds the energy of the waveguide feed 2 part to each slot FX of the array, and then to the upper radiation unit (first metasurface 11) through the slot coupling to realize the energy radiation of feed 2.

[0285] The slot layer FXL consists of multiple slots FX arranged in an array. Each slot is equipped with a switch structure KG. By controlling the opening and closing of the switch structure of the slot layer FXL, small-angle scanning of the phi plane of the feed beam 2 can be achieved, with a scanning angle range of ±1°. Through the scanning control software, the small-angle tracking focus function of the microwave antenna can be realized.

[0286] The switching structure can be a thin-film transistor switch or a diode switch, and there are no restrictions on it.

[0287] like Figure 54 As shown, Figure 54 A schematic diagram of the switching distribution of the slot layer FXL of the active planar array antenna feed 2 is shown.

[0288] like Figure 49 and Figure 50 As shown, the feed source 2 can be coupled to the first metasurface 11. During coupling, a hole can be drilled in the dielectric layer 110 of the first metasurface 11. For example, the dielectric layer is glass, and a hole can be drilled using a laser. The feed source 2 is coupled at the hole location, which can be located at the center point of the first metasurface 11.

[0289] In the antenna device of this embodiment, the feed source 2 can be applied to different polarization scenarios, such as single polarization scenarios or dual polarization scenarios.

[0290] For example, feed 2 can generate a dual-polarized signal, such as electromagnetic waves with polarization 1 and polarization 2 simultaneously. In this way, the antenna device can also utilize the above-described radiating structure layer design to achieve equal-phase emission of dual-polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0291] In the preceding text, polarization 1 and polarization 2 can be horizontal and vertical polarization in linear polarization; or, polarization 1 and polarization 2 can be left-handed and right-handed polarization in circular polarization; or, polarization 1 and polarization 2 can be right-handed and left-handed elliptical polarization in elliptical polarization, without any limitation here.

[0292] There is a gap between the second metasurface 12 and the first metasurface 11. Specifically, the second metasurface 12 is located on the side of the first metasurface 11 away from the feed source 2.

[0293] For example, the distance between the second metasurface 12 and the first metasurface 11 is 0.1 to 0.5 times the aperture of the antenna device.

[0294] When the second metasurface 12 is configured as a curved surface, the spacing can refer to the maximum vertical distance between the second metasurface 12 and the first metasurface 11.

[0295] The third metasurface 13 is stacked between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12.

[0296] In this embodiment, the antenna device may include one third metasurface 13 or multiple third metasurfaces 13.

[0297] Among them, such as Figure 49 Neutral (1) and Figure 50 As shown in (1), all of the third metasurface 13 can be bonded to the first metasurface 11.

[0298] Among them, such as Figure 49 Neutral (2) and Figure 50 As shown in (2), the entire third metasurface 13 can be bonded to the second metasurface 12.

[0299] Among them, such as Figure 49 Neutral (3) and Figure 50 As shown in (3), some of the third metasurfaces 13 can be bonded to the second metasurface 12, and some of the third metasurfaces 13 can be bonded to the first metasurface 11.

[0300] In this embodiment, when the third metasurface is bonded to the first metasurface, they can be bonded together using an adhesive. For example, epoxy resin adhesive / epoxy AB adhesive can be used.

[0301] In other examples, multiple third metasurfaces 13 can be independent of the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12, supported between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12 by a support structure. In this way, the multiple third metasurfaces 13 can be attached together, with a gap between them and both the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12.

[0302] Please combine Figure 51 As shown, the working principle of the antenna device in this embodiment is as follows: Electromagnetic waves are emitted from feed 2 with polarization 1. The second metasurface 12 reflects the electromagnetic waves of polarization 1. When the electromagnetic waves are reflected back to the first metasurface 11, they first pass through three layers of third metasurface 13 (each layer has a maximum phase modulation of 360°) and reach the first metasurface 11. The first metasurface 11 converts polarization 1 to polarization 2 and, after phase modulation, reflects the electromagnetic waves. The reflected electromagnetic waves pass through three layers of third metasurface 13 again (each layer has a maximum phase modulation of 360°) and reach the second metasurface 12 with polarization 2. The second metasurface 12 transmits the electromagnetic waves of polarization 2, forming an equiphase surface after transmission.

[0303] In this way, the electromagnetic waves of polarization 2 can be continuously phase-modulated through the multilayer third metasurface 13.

[0304] In the antenna device of this embodiment, such as Figure 50 As shown, the second metasurface 12 can be configured as a curved surface.

[0305] In the antenna device of this embodiment, when multiple third metasurfaces 13 are bonded to the first metasurface 11, and when multiple third metasurfaces 13 are bonded to the second metasurface 12, the differential distribution of the second metasurface units 131 in the multiple third metasurfaces 13 may be different.

[0306] For example, the transmission structure includes a third metasurface, which includes a plurality of second metasurface units, and the radiation structure layer 1 includes a plurality of third metasurfaces 13 attached to the side of the first metasurface 11 near the second metasurface 12. Among the multiple third metasurfaces 13 that are attached to the first metasurface 11, the orthographic projection of the area where the second metasurface unit 131 in the lower third metasurface 13 is distributed on the first metasurface 11 covers the orthographic projection of the area where the second metasurface unit 131 in the upper third metasurface 13 is distributed on the first metasurface 11. Among them, the lower third metasurface 13 is close to the first metasurface 11, and the upper third metasurface 13 is close to the second metasurface 12.

[0307] In this example, you can refer to Figure 49 and Figure 50 (1), and Figure 15 As shown, the plurality of third metasurfaces 13 that are attached to the first metasurface 11 include metasurface 13-1, metasurface 13-2 and metasurface 13-3. The orthographic projection of the region of the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-1 near the first metasurface 11 onto the first metasurface 11 covers the region of the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-2 near the second metasurface 12. The orthographic projection of the region of the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-2 onto the first metasurface 11 covers the orthographic projection of the region of the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-3 onto the first metasurface 11.

[0308] In this way, in the direction from the first metasurface 11 to the second metasurface 12, the area where the second metasurface unit 131 is set on the third metasurface 13 gradually shifts towards the edge of the third metasurface 13. The electromagnetic waves emitted from the first metasurface 11 to the second metasurface 12, in the metasurfaces 13-1, 13-2 and 13-3, the central unit (unit with small phase compensation) of the antenna device completes the corresponding phase compensation before the edge unit (unit with large phase compensation). As a result, a more accurate wavefront shaping effect can be formed at the second metasurface 12, thereby significantly improving the main lobe gain and side lobe suppression ratio of the antenna radiation pattern.

[0309] In the antenna device of this embodiment, the third metasurface includes a plurality of second metasurface units; wherein, the radiating structure layer 1 includes a plurality of third metasurfaces 13 attached to the side of the second metasurface 12 near the first metasurface 11.

[0310] Among them, the orthographic projection of the region where the second metasurface unit 131 of the upper layer of the third metasurface 13 is distributed on the first metasurface 11 covers the orthographic projection of the region where the second metasurface unit 131 of the lower layer of the third metasurface 13 is distributed on the first metasurface 11. Among them, the lower third metasurface 13 is close to the first metasurface 11, and the upper third metasurface 13 is close to the second metasurface 12.

[0311] In this example, you can refer to Figure 49 (2), (3), and Figure 50 in (2), (3) and Figure 19 As shown, the plurality of third metasurfaces 13 that are attached to the second metasurface 12 include metasurface 13-1 and metasurface 13-2. The region of the second metasurface unit 131 distributed in the third metasurface 13-1 near the second metasurface 12, when projected onto the first metasurface 11, covers the region of the second metasurface unit 131 distributed in the third metasurface 13-2 near the first metasurface 11.

[0312] In this way, in the direction from the first metasurface 11 to the second metasurface 12, the area where the second metasurface unit 131 is set on the third metasurface 13 gradually increases. The electromagnetic waves emitted from the first metasurface 11 to the second metasurface 12 can achieve phase compensation at the emission surface simultaneously on the edge unit (unit with large phase compensation) and the center unit (unit with small phase compensation) of the antenna device on the metasurface 13-1 and the metasurface 13-2. As a result, more accurate equal-phase electromagnetic waves can be achieved at the second metasurface 12, thereby significantly improving the gain of the antenna radiation pattern.

[0313] Of course, the above are only exemplary embodiments. In actual applications, the number of third metasurfaces 13, the interlayer spacing, and the distribution density and position of each layer of second metasurface units 131 can be flexibly adjusted according to the frequency band, aperture size, and electrical performance requirements to achieve a more robust wavefront modulation capability for electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band.

[0314] By using the radiating structure layer of this embodiment, the ratio of the antenna device's profile height to its aperture can be controlled between 0.1 and 0.5.

[0315] The overall structure of the antenna device will be described below as an example.

[0316] Please combine Figures 55-63 As shown, the antenna device in this embodiment includes an radome 23, which is made of a composite material with low dielectric constant and low loss. The first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 are located within the radome 23.

[0317] like Figure 55 - Figure 57 As shown, the antenna device also includes a support structure 21, which is located inside the radome 23 and is used to support the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 of each layer, ensuring that their spatial position accuracy and interlayer parallelism meet the sub-millimeter tolerance requirements; the support structure 21 can be made of high-rigidity carbon fiber reinforced composite material by precision CNC machining.

[0318] like Figure 55 - Figure 57 As shown, the antenna device also includes a foam layer 24, which can be located on the side of the second metasurface 12 away from the first metasurface 11. The foam layer 24 has both lightweight and mechanical buffering functions.

[0319] like Figure 55 - Figure 57 As shown, the antenna device also includes screws 25. Multiple screws 25 are used to precisely fix the support structure 21, the radome 23 and each metasurface layer. The screws 25 can be made of titanium alloy and the surface is treated with micro-arc oxidation to enhance corrosion resistance and locking reliability.

[0320] In this embodiment, the foam layer can be made of foaming materials with low dielectric constant and low loss, such as polyurethane, polypropylene, polyimide, polymethacrylamide, etc.

[0321] like Figure 58 - Figure 59 As shown, the antenna cover 23 of the antenna device can be used as a support structure 21. In this way, the antenna cover 23 and the support structure 21 can be designed as an integrated unit, thereby improving the integration of the antenna device and reducing its volume.

[0322] like Figure 55 - Figure 57 As shown, there is a gap between the radome 23 and the support structure 21, that is, the support structure 21 is supported inside the radome 23. The inner walls of the support structure 21 and the radome 23 may or may not be filled with cushioning material.

[0323] like Figure 55 As shown, there is an air layer 22 between the support structure 21 and the inner wall of the radome 23. The radome 23 can be a regular octagonal structure. In this case, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 can also be regular octagonal planes, which can ensure that the phase response of the electromagnetic wave in the eight symmetrical directions is highly consistent. The centers of each metasurface are aligned and perpendicular to the main radiation axis of the antenna. Its regular octagonal profile is conformal to the inner cavity of the radome 23, which not only ensures the structural stability but also avoids the introduction of asymmetric diffraction effects.

[0324] Of course, in some other examples, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 within the octagonal radome 23 can also be circular planes.

[0325] In some examples, the radome 23 has micron-level chamfered transitions at each vertex of the regular octagon, which can effectively suppress the local field enhancement and edge diffraction of high-frequency electromagnetic waves at sharp corners, and further reduce sidelobe levels and cross-polarization coupling.

[0326] In some examples, such as Figure 56 As shown, a metal layer 26 can also be attached to the inner wall of the radome 23. This metal layer 26 can simulate a metal boundary in the antenna device to improve antenna performance. The metal layer 26 can be an antenna aluminum foil or a copper foil.

[0327] In this embodiment, the radome material can be selected from two types: one is a high dielectric constant and low loss material, such as aluminum nitride; the other is a low dielectric constant and low loss material, such as ABS, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polymethacrylamide.

[0328] In some embodiments, such as Figure 57 As shown, a buffer material can be filled between the radome 23 and the support structure 21. This buffer material can be wave-absorbing cotton 27, which can absorb stray waves around the main array surface, avoid the scattering of the support structure 21 and the radome 23 from degrading the antenna performance, and help improve the antenna performance.

[0329] like Figure 57 As shown, when the radome 23 and the support structure 21 are filled with absorbing cotton 27, the radome 23 can be cylindrical, and the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 can also be circular planes.

[0330] like Figure 58 - Figure 59 As shown, the support structure 21 and the radome 23 can be designed as a single unit, such as... Figure 58 As shown, the radome 23 can be a cube, and the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 can be rectangular planes. Figure 59 As shown, the radome 23 can be a cylinder, and the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 can be circular surfaces.

[0331] In this embodiment, as Figure 55 , Figure 57 as well as Figure 58 As shown, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13 are all planar. In this embodiment, as... Figure 56 as well as Figure 59As shown, the first metasurface 11 and the third metasurface 13 are both planar, while the second metasurface 12 can be a curved surface.

[0332] Please refer to Figure 60 and Figure 61 As shown, Figure 60 A cross-sectional view of the square antenna device is shown. Figure 61 An assembly diagram of a square antenna is shown, in which the feed source 2 can be located on the outer shell of the radome 23 and coupled to the first metasurface 11 inside the radome 23 through an opening in the radome 23. In this case, both the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12 are rectangular planes.

[0333] Please refer to Figure 62 and Figure 63 As shown, Figure 62 A cross-sectional view of the cylindrical antenna device is shown. Figure 63 An assembly diagram of the cylindrical antenna device is shown. Figure 63 (1) is the left-side view. Figure 63 (2) is a right-side view, in which the feed source 2 can be located on the outer shell of the radome 23 and coupled to the first metasurface 11 inside the radome 23 through an opening on the radome 23. In this case, both the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12 are circular planes.

[0334] in, Figure 62 The diagram shows an enlarged schematic of the first metasurface unit 111 in the first metasurface 11. However, in practice, the first metasurface unit 111 in the first metasurface 11 may not be limited to... Figure 62 The shape shown may also be other shapes, and should not be considered as a limitation of this application.

[0335] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional height of the antenna device can be 10mm to 250mm.

[0336] In this embodiment, when the first metasurface, the second metasurface, and the third metasurface are square, their side lengths can be 100mm to 900mm.

[0337] In this embodiment, when the first metasurface, the second metasurface, and the third metasurface are circular, their diameters can be 100mm to 900mm.

[0338] Several antenna devices are given below as examples.

[0339] Example 1 provides an antenna device #1, please refer to... Figure 15 , Figure 49 and Figure 55 As shown.

[0340] The antenna device #1 includes an antenna radome 23, and a first metasurface 11, a second metasurface 12, and a third metasurface 13 disposed within the antenna radome 23; wherein, the first metasurface 11 is used to convert electromagnetic waves of polarization 1 into electromagnetic waves of polarization 2, the second metasurface 12 reflects electromagnetic waves of polarization 1 and transmits electromagnetic waves of polarization 2, and the third metasurface 13 is used to modulate the phase of electromagnetic waves of polarization 2.

[0341] like Figure 55 As shown, the radome 23 of the antenna device #1 is an octagonal radome 23, and the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 are circular. There is no filling between the radome 23 and the support structure 21.

[0342] Among them, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 are all planar.

[0343] In this process, multiple layers of third metasurface 13 are stacked between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12.

[0344] For details, please refer to Figure 15 and Figure 49 As shown, the multilayer third metasurface 13 includes three layers of third metasurface 13. All three layers of third metasurface 13 are attached to the side of the first metasurface 11 near the second metasurface 12. Each layer of third metasurface 13 is divided into four regions, with the middle region A1 being a circular region and the other regions being annular regions.

[0345] Each layer of the three-layer third metasurface 13 independently performs phase modulation. The second metasurface unit 131 is distributed differently in the three-layer third metasurface 13: the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-1 is distributed in each region; the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-2 is distributed in regions A3 and A4; and the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-3 is distributed in region A4.

[0346] Among them, the third metasurface 13-1 is close to the first metasurface 11, and the third metasurface 13-3 is close to the second metasurface 12. The three layers work together to achieve gradient phase modulation.

[0347] like Figure 15 As shown, the second metasurface units 131 in different regions of the same third metasurface 13 can be different, the second metasurface units 131 in the same region of the same third metasurface 13 can be the same, and the second metasurface units 131 in different third metasurfaces 13 can be partially the same.

[0348] Example 2 provides an antenna device #2, please refer to... Figure 19 , Figure 49 Neutral (2) and Figure 58 As shown.

[0349] The antenna device #2 includes an antenna radome 23, and a first metasurface 11, a second metasurface 12, and a third metasurface 13 disposed within the antenna radome 23; wherein, the first metasurface 11 is used to convert electromagnetic waves of polarization 1 into electromagnetic waves of polarization 2, the second metasurface 12 reflects electromagnetic waves of polarization 1 and transmits electromagnetic waves of polarization 2, and the third metasurface 13 is used to modulate the phase of electromagnetic waves of polarization 2.

[0350] like Figure 58 As shown, the radome 23 of the antenna device #2 is a rectangular radome 23. The first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 are rectangular. The radome 23 and the support structure 21 are designed as an integrated unit.

[0351] Among them, the first metasurface 11, the second metasurface 12 and the third metasurface 13 are all planar.

[0352] In this process, multiple layers of third metasurface 13 are stacked between the first metasurface 11 and the second metasurface 12.

[0353] For details, please refer to Figure 19 and Figure 49 As shown in (2), the multilayer third metasurface 13 includes two layers of third metasurface 13. Both layers of third metasurface 13 are attached to the side of the second metasurface 12 near the first metasurface 11. Each layer of third metasurface 13 is divided into 3 regions, with the middle region A1 being a circular region.

[0354] Each of the two layers of the third metasurface 13 independently performs phase modulation. The second metasurface unit 131 is distributed differently in the two layers of the third metasurface 13: the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-1 is distributed in each region, and the second metasurface unit 131 in the third metasurface 13-2 is distributed in regions A3 and A2.

[0355] Among them, the third metasurface 13-1 is close to the second metasurface 12, and the third metasurface 13-2 is close to the first metasurface 11.

[0356] like Figure 19 As shown, the second metasurface units 131 in different regions of the same third metasurface 13 can be different, the second metasurface units 131 in the same region of the same third metasurface 13 can be the same; the second metasurface units 131 in different third metasurfaces 13 can be partially the same.

[0357] Example 3 provides an antenna device #3, such as Figure 52 and Figure 56 As shown.

[0358] Unlike the antenna device in Example 2, this device includes three third metasurfaces 13, wherein the third metasurfaces 13-1 and 13-2 are bonded to the first metasurface 11, and the third metasurface 13-3 is bonded to the second metasurface 12.

[0359] The third metasurface 13-3 is adjacent to the second metasurface 12, and second metasurface units 131 are distributed in each region of the third metasurface 13-3. The third metasurfaces 13-1 and 13-2 are adjacent to the first metasurface 11, and second metasurface units 131 are distributed in the edge region of the third metasurface 13-2. No second metasurface units 131 are distributed in the central region of the third metasurface 13-1, and second metasurface units 131 are distributed in the remaining regions.

[0360] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0361] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0362] The above provides a detailed description of a radiating structure layer and antenna device provided by this disclosure. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this disclosure. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this disclosure. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

[0363] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the following claims.

[0364] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0365] The terms "an embodiment," "embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" as used herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Furthermore, please note that the examples of the phrase "in one embodiment" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0366] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0367] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. This disclosure can be implemented by means of hardware comprising a plurality of different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating a plurality of means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0368] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit them. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A radial structural layer, wherein, include: The first metasurface comprises multiple first metasurface units; The second metasurface, located on one side of the first metasurface, includes a plurality of periodically arranged metal stripes; A transmission structure is located between the first metasurface and the second metasurface.

2. The radiation structure layer according to claim 1, wherein, The transmission structure includes: At least one third metasurface, the third metasurface comprising a plurality of second metasurface units; The second metasurface unit is differentially distributed in the at least one third metasurface.

3. The radiation structure layer according to claim 2, wherein, The second metasurface is configured as a curved surface.

4. The radiation structure layer according to claim 3, wherein, Some or all of the at least one third metasurface are configured as curved surfaces and have the same curvature as the second metasurface.

5. The radiation structure layer according to claim 3, wherein, The second metasurface is configured as at least one of a spherical arch, a flattened ellipsoidal arch, a short focal offset parabola, and a non-quadratic freeform surface.

6. The radiation structure layer according to claim 3, wherein, The first metasurface is a plane, and the orthographic projection of the second metasurface onto the first metasurface falls within the first metasurface.

7. The radiation structure layer according to claim 2, wherein, The third metasurface includes multiple regions; in at least one of the multiple regions of the third metasurface, multiple second metasurface units are differentially distributed in the multiple regions.

8. The radiation structure layer according to claim 7, wherein, The radiation structure layer includes a plurality of the third metasurfaces, and the plurality of third metasurfaces are stacked in the thickness direction of the radiation structure layer; The regions where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the plurality of third metasurfaces exhibit differences.

9. The radiation structure layer according to claim 8, wherein, The second metasurface units in at least two third metasurfaces partially overlap in the regions where their orthogonal projections onto the first metasurface lie.

10. The radiation structure layer according to claim 8, wherein, Each of the third metasurfaces comprises multiple regions; In each of the target regions of the third metasurface, the second metasurface units are distributed; The target region is one of the multiple regions.

11. The radiation structure layer according to claim 10, wherein, The second metasurface is configured as a curved surface; The minimum distance from the target region to the edge of the third metasurface is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance from the center point of the third metasurface to the edge of the third metasurface, and the minimum distance from the target region to the center point of the third metasurface is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the distance from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface.

12. The radiation structure layer according to claim 10, wherein, The second metasurface is configured as a plane; The target region includes edge regions of multiple regions, and the distance of the edge region is the region with the largest distance from the center point of the third metasurface among the multiple regions.

13. The radiation structure layer according to claim 10, wherein, A portion of each of the multiple regions surrounds the center point of the third metasurface; In at least two adjacent regions of a portion of the region, one region surrounds the other region.

14. The radiation structure layer according to claim 10, wherein, In some of the third metasurfaces, the second metasurface units located within the same region are identical, while the second metasurface units in different regions are different.

15. The radiation structure layer according to claim 10, wherein, In at least a portion of the third metasurface, the second metasurface units in regions corresponding to the same location differ in at least one of shape, spacing, and size.

16. The radiation structure layer according to claim 2, wherein, The second metasurface is configured as a plane, and the radiative structure layer includes a plurality of the third metasurfaces; In some of the regions of the third metasurface, the second metasurface units are distributed.

17. The radiation structure layer according to claim 2, wherein, The second metasurface is configured as a curved surface, and the radiative structure layer includes a plurality of the third metasurfaces; In each of the third metasurfaces, the second metasurface units are distributed in a portion of the third metasurface. The minimum distance from the portion of the third metasurface to the center point of the third metasurface is greater than or equal to half the distance from the center point of the third metasurface to the edge of the third metasurface, and less than the distance from the center point to the edge of the third metasurface.

18. The radiation structure layer according to claim 2, wherein, At least a portion of the first metasurface, the second metasurface, and the third metasurface includes a dielectric layer; Wherein, at least one of the first metasurface unit, the metal stripe, and the second metasurface unit has an etching angle of less than or equal to 20°.

19. The radiation structure layer according to claim 18, wherein, At least a portion of the first metasurface, the second metasurface, and the third metasurface further includes: A reverse stress layer is located between the dielectric layer and the metal pattern; The reverse stress layer includes at least one inorganic material layer.

20. The radiation structure layer according to claim 2, wherein, At least one of the first metasurface, the second metasurface, and the third metasurface comprises a plurality of discrete plates; The multiple discrete plates are spliced ​​together in the planar direction of the metasurface.

21. The radiation structure layer according to claim 20, wherein, The third metasurface includes a plurality of discrete plates, each plate corresponding to a different phase compensation. In some of the third metasurfaces, the second metasurface units are distributed differentially among the multiple discrete plates.

22. An antenna device, wherein, Includes a feed source and a radiation structure layer as described in any one of claims 1-21; The feed source is coupled to a first metasurface in the radiating structure layer, and the second metasurface is located on the side of the first metasurface away from the feed source. The first metasurface and the second metasurface are spaced apart in the cross-sectional direction of the antenna device.

23. The antenna device according to claim 22, wherein, The transmission structure is attached to the side of the first metasurface closest to the second metasurface; And / or, the second metasurface is attached to the side of the transmissive structure closest to the first metasurface.

24. The antenna device according to claim 23, wherein, The transmission structure includes a plurality of third metasurfaces, each third metasurface including a plurality of second metasurface units; the radiation structure layer includes a plurality of third metasurfaces attached to the side of the first metasurface near the second metasurface. Among the multiple third metasurfaces that are attached to the first metasurface, the orthographic projection of the area where the second metasurface unit in the lower third metasurface is distributed on the first metasurface covers the orthographic projection of the area where the second metasurface unit in the upper third metasurface is distributed on the first metasurface. The lower third metasurface is close to the first metasurface, and the upper third metasurface is close to the second metasurface.

25. The antenna device according to claim 23, wherein, The transmission structure includes a plurality of third metasurfaces, each third metasurface including a plurality of second metasurface units; the radiation structure layer includes a plurality of third metasurfaces attached to the side of the second metasurface close to the first metasurface; Among the multiple third metasurfaces that are attached to the second metasurface, the orthographic projection of the area where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the upper third metasurface onto the first metasurface covers the orthographic projection of the area where the second metasurface unit is distributed in the lower third metasurface onto the first metasurface. The lower layer's third metasurface is close to the first metasurface, and the upper layer's third metasurface is close to the second metasurface.

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