A topology identification device and system based on end user side sending characteristic signals

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of low-voltage power distribution, in particular to a topology identification device and system based on end user side sending characteristic signals, which comprises the following steps: a main control unit is used for overall planning and control of the whole process of the device; a metering unit is used for collecting low-voltage power distribution line voltage, current, power, phase electrical parameters, metering and accumulating positive and reverse active power; a 4G communication module is used for uploading topology identification data, metering data and phase discrimination results to a cloud master station platform; a characteristic current generator is used for generating and injecting preset coded characteristic current signals into the low-voltage power distribution line; an RS485 communication unit is used for establishing communication with an end user side intelligent electric meter, collecting electric meter operation data, address information and communication protocol types; a phase discrimination module is used for discriminating the phase corresponding relationship between the end user side line and the power distribution transformer; and an edge computing module is used for identifying the characteristic current signals in the line and generating a topology identification event. Therefore, the problems of lacking accurate topology navigation and inconsistency between the graph and the actual situation in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-voltage power distribution technology, specifically to a topology identification device and system based on characteristic signals transmitted from the end user side. Background Technology

[0002] Low-voltage distribution networks are the core end-point of the power system, directly supplying electricity to end users. They are responsible for the stable transmission of electricity to households, and accurate identification of their topology is crucial for maintaining the safe and efficient operation of the power grid. Precise topology information provides fundamental data for ensuring power supply reliability, facilitates rapid fault location and repair, and is a necessary prerequisite for accurate calculation of distribution area line losses and refined management of grid losses. It is also an important technological foundation for promoting the intelligent and digital management of low-voltage distribution networks.

[0003] Currently, low-voltage distribution networks commonly suffer from complex network structures, large-scale terminal equipment, diverse equipment types, and non-standard on-site line laying. These problems directly lead to severe distortion of basic operational data in distribution substations, resulting in discrepancies between recorded parameters and actual on-site line and equipment conditions, and unclear relationships between transformers, power supply lines, branch boxes, and user meters. This discrepancy between the recorded data and reality makes it impossible to accurately calculate substation line losses, quickly locate high-loss faults, and for maintenance personnel to lack accurate topology navigation, hindering the rapid determination of fault points and outage areas. Consequently, outage handling time is prolonged, power supply reliability is reduced, and the development of intelligent and refined power grid management is severely hampered. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a topology identification device and system based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side, in order to solve the problems of lack of accurate topology navigation and discrepancy between maps and reality in the prior art.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side, comprising: a main control unit, a metering unit, a 4G communication module, a feature current generator, an RS485 communication unit, a phase discrimination module, and an edge computing module; wherein, the main control unit is bidirectionally connected to the metering unit, the 4G communication module, the feature current generator, the RS485 communication unit, the phase discrimination module, and the edge computing module; the main control unit is used to coordinate and manage the entire process of the device, issue instructions and configuration parameters, receive feedback data, results, and status information, execute topology identification instructions from the cloud master station, and coordinate the timing and data interaction of the entire device; the metering unit is used to collect voltage, current, and other data of low-voltage distribution lines. The system includes power and phase electrical parameters to measure and accumulate positive and reverse active energy; a 4G communication module to upload topology identification data, metering data, and phase discrimination results to the cloud master platform; a characteristic current generator to generate and inject preset coded characteristic current signals into low-voltage distribution lines; an RS485 communication unit to establish communication with smart meters on the end-user side, collecting meter operation data, address information, and communication protocol type; a phase discrimination module to determine the phase correspondence between the end-user side line and the distribution transformer based on the characteristic signal transmission and reception timing and phase discrimination data; and an edge computing module to extract and analyze features from line current sampling data, identify characteristic current signals in the line, and generate topology identification events.

[0006] Preferably, the main control unit includes an instruction parsing unit, a timing control unit, a data interaction unit, and a logic operation unit. The instruction parsing unit receives and parses various instructions forwarded by the 4G communication module from the cloud master platform, breaking them down into sub-instructions executable by the corresponding module. The timing control unit coordinates and manages the working timing of the entire device, uniformly calibrating the time nodes of sampling, sending, and reporting actions of each module. The data interaction unit manages bidirectional data transmission, completing data transmission, caching, and verification. The logic operation unit performs preliminary logical judgments on the data fed back by each module, completing effective event filtering, abnormal data identification, and basic topology association verification.

[0007] Preferably, the main control unit can control the device to switch between signal transmission mode and signal recognition mode. In signal transmission mode, the main control unit sends instructions to the characteristic current generator to inject a preset coded characteristic current signal into a specified phase of the low-voltage distribution line, and simultaneously records the signal transmission time stamp. In signal recognition mode, the main control unit collects the line's full-phase current data in real time through the metering unit and sends it to the edge computing module to complete the recognition of the characteristic current signal and the recording of the reception time stamp. At the same time, it completes the signal phase matching through the phase discrimination module, and uploads the signal transmission / reception time stamp, phase information, and recognition results to the cloud master station platform through the 4G communication module for the analysis of the topology and hierarchical division of the low-voltage distribution network.

[0008] Preferably, the metering unit includes a voltage acquisition subunit, a current acquisition subunit, an energy metering subunit, and a data storage subunit. The voltage acquisition subunit is used to acquire the effective voltage, instantaneous voltage, and phase angle data of each phase of the low-voltage distribution line in real time according to the acquisition instructions from the main control unit. The current acquisition subunit is used to synchronously acquire the effective current, instantaneous current, and harmonic component data of each phase of the line through phase-separated current transformers. The energy metering subunit is used to complete the cumulative metering of positive and reverse active energy based on the acquired voltage and current data, and simultaneously calculate active power, reactive power, and power factor electrical parameters. The data storage subunit is used to locally store historical metering data, receive historical data retrieval instructions from the main control unit and provide corresponding data feedback, and supports data interruption resumption and historical data backtracking.

[0009] Preferably, the characteristic current generator includes an encoding modulation unit, a power drive unit, a signal injection unit, and a timing synchronization unit. The encoding modulation unit uses OOK modulation to convert a preset binary characteristic code into a corresponding pulse control signal. The power drive unit drives an internal power switch to switch on and off at high speed according to the pulse control signal, generating a high-frequency current pulse train matching the code on the low-voltage distribution line. The signal injection unit couples the generated characteristic current signal into a specified phase of the low-voltage distribution line. The timing synchronization unit calibrates the transmission time of the characteristic signal according to the timing command forwarded by the main control unit.

[0010] Preferably, the phase discrimination module includes a phase matching unit, a phase calibration unit, a secondary verification unit, and a result output unit. The phase matching unit compares the transmitted phase of the device's characteristic signal with the received phase of the signal reported by the topology identification device on the substation side or branch box side, obtained by the 4G communication module, to establish a phase correspondence between the end-user side line and the secondary side of the distribution transformer. The phase calibration unit dynamically calibrates the phase angle measurement results based on the line voltage drop and signal transmission delay. The secondary verification unit performs secondary cross-verification of the phase discrimination results using two rounds of characteristic signal transmission and reception data (phase A and phase C) to eliminate false judgments. The result output unit generates the phase matching result and synchronously feeds it back to the main control unit.

[0011] Preferably, the secondary verification unit is specifically used to control the device to send a characteristic signal in phase A to obtain the first set of phase matching data, and to control the device to send a characteristic signal in phase C to obtain the second set of phase matching data; when the phase correspondence of the two sets of data is consistent, the phase discrimination result is determined to be valid; when the two sets of data are inconsistent, an abnormal signal is fed back to the main control unit and the characteristic signal sending process is restarted.

[0012] Preferably, the edge computing module includes a data processing unit, a wavelet decomposition unit, a feature matching unit, and an event generation unit. The data processing unit amplifies, filters, and linearizes the line current sampling data sent by the main control unit, removing the power frequency fundamental component and on-site electromagnetic interference signals. The wavelet decomposition unit performs multi-level decomposition of the processed current signal using a wavelet transform algorithm, separating and extracting the low-frequency approximation coefficients and high-frequency detail coefficients of the signal. The feature matching unit compares and matches the decomposed signal features with a preset characteristic current code to identify the characteristic current signal transmitted in the line. The event generation unit, after identifying a valid characteristic current signal, generates a topology identification event containing a unique device number, signal reception time, reception phase, and signal strength, and feeds the event data back to the main control unit in real time.

[0013] Preferably, the wavelet decomposition unit is specifically used to perform multi-level decomposition on the processed current signal by passing it through a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter in sequence, extracting the first-level approximation coefficients A1 and the first-level detail coefficients D1, and performing a second decomposition on the first-level approximation coefficients A1 to obtain the second-level approximation coefficients A2 and the second-level detail coefficients D2, thereby completing the multi-scale feature extraction of the current signal.

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides a topology identification system based on feature signals transmitted from the end-user side, including any of the topology identification devices described in the previous embodiment.

[0015] Therefore, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application embodiment relies on the overall management and control of the main control unit to achieve efficient and coordinated topology identification throughout the entire process, improve the convenience and reliability of operation and maintenance management. As the core hub of the device, it coordinates the entire process, issues instructions, receives feedback, executes cloud master station instructions, and coordinates the timing and data interaction of each module to avoid timing errors and misjudgments, and achieves full process controllability and traceability, providing support for remote operation and maintenance. By leveraging the data collection and metering functions of the metering unit, it provides accurate data for energy conservation and lean management of the distribution network. It collects key electrical parameters of the lines, providing a data foundation for topology verification and line loss analysis. It can accurately locate high-loss phases and abnormal power consumption problems, assisting in line loss management and load regulation, and promoting the upgrade of precise management and control of the distribution network. By injecting a dedicated signal through a characteristic current generator, the accuracy of topology identification is greatly improved, solving the problem of discrepancies between the map and reality. The injected pre-coded characteristic current has strong anti-interference capabilities. Combined with edge computing module analysis, it can accurately locate the topology association between transformer, line, phase, and household, solving the problem of chaotic ledgers and building a solid foundation for refined management data.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of wavelet transform-based feature decomposition of line current signals according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the hierarchical layout of a low-voltage distribution network topology identification device according to an embodiment of this application; in, Figure 2 In the diagram, (a) represents signal decomposition; (b) represents wavelet decomposition; (c) represents wavelet decomposition tree; LO_D represents low-pass filter; and Hi_D represents high-pass filter. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a topology identification device and system based on feature signals transmitted from the end-user side, according to an embodiment of this application. Addressing the issue of discrepancies between the actual network map and the actual network as mentioned in the background section, this application provides a topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end-user side. In this device, a main control unit coordinates and manages the entire topology identification process, issuing instructions, receiving feedback, executing cloud master station scheduling, and coordinating the timing and data interaction of various modules. This avoids timing errors and misjudgments, ensuring a controllable and traceable process, effectively improving the convenience and reliability of distribution network operation and maintenance management, and providing solid support for remote operation and maintenance. The metering unit is responsible for collecting key electrical parameters of the lines, providing accurate data support for topology verification and line loss analysis. It can accurately locate high-loss phases and abnormal power consumption, assisting in line loss management and load control, and promoting the energy-saving and refined management upgrade of the distribution network. The feature current generator can inject a preset coded feature current with strong anti-interference capabilities, which, combined with the edge computing module, accurately locks the topology relationships between transformers, lines, phases, and users, significantly improving topology identification accuracy, solving the pain points of discrepancies between the actual network map and the actual network and chaotic ledgers, and solidifying the data foundation for refined management of the distribution network.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a topology identification device based on the transmission of feature signals from the end user side, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] This application provides a topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side. The device includes: Main control unit, metering unit, 4G communication module, characteristic current generator, RS485 communication unit, phase discrimination module, edge computing module.

[0022] The main control unit is bidirectionally connected to the metering unit, 4G communication module, characteristic current generator, RS485 communication unit, phase discrimination module, and edge computing module. The main control unit manages the entire process of the device, issuing commands and configuration parameters, receiving feedback data, results, and status information, executing topology identification commands from the cloud master station, and coordinating the timing and data interaction of the entire device. The metering unit collects voltage, current, power, and phase electrical parameters of low-voltage distribution lines, and measures and accumulates positive and reverse active energy. The 4G communication module uploads topology identification data, metering data, and phase discrimination results to the cloud master station platform. The characteristic current generator generates and injects preset coded characteristic current signals into the low-voltage distribution lines. The RS485 communication unit establishes communication with the smart meters on the end-user side, collecting meter operating data, address information, and communication protocol type. The phase discrimination module determines the phase correspondence between the end-user side line and the distribution transformer based on the characteristic signal transmission and reception timing and phase discrimination data. The edge computing module extracts and analyzes features from the line current sampling data, identifies characteristic current signals in the line, and generates topology identification events.

[0023] It is understandable that, in this embodiment of the application, the overall management and control of the main control unit is relied upon to achieve efficient and coordinated topology identification throughout the entire process, improve the convenience and reliability of operation and maintenance management. As the core hub of the device, it coordinates the entire process, issues instructions, receives feedback, executes cloud master station instructions, and coordinates the timing and data interaction of each module to avoid timing errors and misjudgments, achieves full process controllability and traceability, and provides support for remote operation and maintenance. By leveraging the data collection and metering functions of the metering unit, it provides accurate data for energy conservation and lean management of the distribution network. It collects key electrical parameters of the lines, providing a data foundation for topology verification and line loss analysis. It can accurately locate high-loss phases and abnormal power consumption problems, assisting in line loss management and load regulation, and promoting the upgrade of precise management and control of the distribution network. By injecting a dedicated signal through a characteristic current generator, the accuracy of topology identification is greatly improved, solving the problem of discrepancies between the map and reality. The injected pre-coded characteristic current has strong anti-interference capabilities. Combined with edge computing module analysis, it can accurately locate the topology association between transformer, line, phase, and household, solving the problem of chaotic ledgers and building a solid foundation for refined management data.

[0024] In this embodiment, the main control unit includes: an instruction parsing unit, a timing control unit, a data interaction unit, and a logic operation unit.

[0025] The instruction parsing unit receives and parses various instructions forwarded by the 4G communication module from the cloud master platform, breaking them down into sub-instructions executable by the corresponding module; the timing control unit coordinates and manages the working timing of the entire device, uniformly calibrating the time nodes of sampling, sending, and reporting actions of each module; the data interaction unit manages and transmits bidirectional data, completing data reception, caching, and verification; and the logic operation unit performs preliminary logical judgments on the data fed back by each module, completing the screening of valid events, identification of abnormal data, and verification of basic topology association.

[0026] It is understood that the instruction parsing unit in this application embodiment can receive and parse various instructions forwarded by the 4G communication module from the cloud master station platform, decompose them into sub-instructions executable by the corresponding module, and ensure that the cloud master station instructions can be accurately implemented and effectively executed; the timing control unit can coordinate and control the working timing of the entire device, uniformly calibrate the time nodes of actions of various modules such as metering, feature signal transmission, and data reporting, avoid timing conflicts in various links, and ensure the overall coordination of the device operation; the data interaction unit can manage and transmit bidirectional data, complete the sending, receiving, caching, and verification of data, and ensure that the data transmission between modules is accurate, stable, and without loss; the logic operation unit can perform preliminary logical judgment on the data fed back by each module, complete the effective event screening, abnormal data identification, and basic topology association verification, provide a reliable data foundation for the feature identification of the subsequent edge computing module and the phase matching of the phase discrimination module, and at the same time improve the stability and fault tolerance of the device operation, and comprehensively ensure the orderly development of topology identification work.

[0027] In this embodiment, the main control unit can control the device to switch between signal transmission mode and signal recognition mode. In signal transmission mode, the main control unit sends instructions to the characteristic current generator to inject a preset encoded characteristic current signal into a specified phase of the low-voltage distribution line and simultaneously records the signal transmission time stamp. In signal recognition mode, the main control unit collects the full-phase current data of the line in real time through the metering unit and sends it to the edge computing module to complete the recognition of the characteristic current signal and the recording of the reception time stamp. At the same time, the phase discrimination module completes the signal phase matching and uploads the signal transmission / reception time stamp, phase information and recognition results to the cloud master station platform through the 4G communication module for the analysis of the topology and hierarchical division of the low-voltage distribution network.

[0028] It is understood that the embodiments of this application use wavelet decomposition units to extract multi-layer, multi-scale features from the current signal, which can effectively eliminate the power frequency fundamental component and on-site electromagnetic interference, accurately extract feature current signals, and ensure the accuracy of feature recognition. At the same time, the main control unit can flexibly switch between signal transmission and recognition modes. By injecting preset coded feature current signals, collecting and analyzing line data, completing phase matching, and uploading relevant data to the cloud master station platform, it can accurately establish the phase correspondence between the end user-side line and the distribution transformer, providing reliable data support for the analysis and hierarchical division of the low-voltage distribution network topology, improving the accuracy, efficiency, and intelligence level of low-voltage distribution network topology recognition, and assisting in the efficient operation and management of the distribution network.

[0029] In this embodiment, the metering unit includes: a voltage acquisition subunit, a current acquisition subunit, an energy metering subunit, and a data storage subunit.

[0030] The voltage acquisition subunit is used to collect the effective voltage, instantaneous voltage, and phase angle data of each phase of the low-voltage distribution line in real time according to the acquisition instructions of the main control unit; the current acquisition subunit is used to collect the effective current, instantaneous current, and harmonic component data of each phase of the line synchronously through the phase current transformer; the energy metering subunit is used to complete the cumulative metering of positive and reverse active energy based on the collected voltage and current data, and at the same time calculate the active power, reactive power, and power factor electrical parameters; the data storage subunit is used to store the metering history data locally, receive the historical data retrieval instructions from the main control unit and feed back the corresponding data, and support data breakpoint resume and historical backtracking.

[0031] Understandably, in this embodiment, the voltage acquisition subunit collects the effective value, instantaneous value, and phase angle data of each phase voltage of the low-voltage distribution line in real time according to the instructions of the main control unit, providing basic voltage parameters for subsequent phase discrimination and power calculation; the current acquisition subunit collects the effective value, instantaneous value, and harmonic component data of each phase current of the line through the phase current transformer, accurately capturing the current characteristics of the line and providing raw current data for feature extraction by the edge computing module; the energy metering subunit completes the cumulative metering of positive and reverse active energy based on the collected voltage and current data, and calculates key electrical parameters such as active power, reactive power, and power factor, providing data reference for line condition analysis in the topology identification process; the data storage subunit realizes local storage of metering historical data, can respond to the historical data retrieval instructions of the main control unit and feed back the corresponding data, and supports data breakpoint resume and historical backtracking, which can not only avoid data loss, but also provide data support for topology identification anomaly investigation and historical condition review, comprehensively ensuring the smooth progress of topology identification work.

[0032] In this embodiment, the characteristic current generator includes: an encoding modulation unit, a power driving unit, a signal injection unit, and a timing synchronization unit.

[0033] The encoding and modulation unit is used to convert the preset binary feature code into the corresponding pulse control signal using OOK modulation; the power drive unit is used to drive the internal power switch to switch on and off at high speed according to the pulse control signal, generating a high-frequency current pulse train that matches the code on the low-voltage distribution line; the signal injection unit is used to couple and inject the generated feature current signal into the specified phase of the low-voltage distribution line; and the timing synchronization unit is used to calibrate the transmission time of the feature signal according to the timing command forwarded by the main control unit.

[0034] It is understood that the encoding and modulation unit, power drive unit, signal injection unit, and timing synchronization unit in this embodiment cooperate with each other to fully realize the entire process of characteristic current signal processing from encoding conversion, pulse generation, line injection to time calibration. This provides a standard and controllable source of characteristic signals for low-voltage power distribution topology identification. The encoding and modulation unit uses OOK modulation to convert the preset binary characteristic code into a corresponding pulse control signal, completing the system conversion of the characteristic code. The power drive unit relies on the pulse control signal to drive the internal power switch to switch on and off at high speed, generating a high-frequency current pulse train that matches the code on the low-voltage power distribution line, realizing signal power amplification and waveform shaping. The signal injection unit can couple the generated characteristic current signal into a designated phase of the low-voltage power distribution line to ensure that the characteristic signal is effectively sent into the power distribution line. The timing synchronization unit calibrates the characteristic signal transmission time according to the timing command forwarded by the main control unit, unifies the signal transmission time reference, and effectively improves the accuracy of subsequent line feature identification and phase discrimination.

[0035] In this embodiment, the phase discrimination module includes a phase matching unit, a phase calibration unit, a secondary verification unit, and a result output unit.

[0036] The phase matching unit is used to compare the transmitted phase of the characteristic signal of this device with the received phase of the signal reported by the topology identification device on the substation side or branch box side obtained by the 4G communication module, and establish the phase correspondence between the end user side line and the secondary side of the distribution transformer; the phase calibration unit is used to dynamically calibrate the phase angle measurement results according to the line voltage drop and signal transmission delay; the secondary verification unit is used to perform secondary cross-verification of the phase discrimination results through the transmission and reception data of the characteristic signals of phase A and phase C, and eliminate false judgment results; the result output unit is used to generate the phase matching result and synchronously feed it back to the main control unit.

[0037] It is understood that, in this embodiment, the phase matching unit establishes the phase correspondence between the end user-side line and the secondary side of the distribution transformer by comparing the characteristic signal transmission phase of this device with the signal reception phase reported by the transformer substation and branch box topology identification devices obtained through the 4G communication module. The phase calibration unit dynamically calibrates the phase angle measurement results based on the line voltage drop and signal transmission delay to reduce measurement errors caused by line transmission. The secondary verification unit uses the characteristic signal transmission and reception data of phase A and phase C to cross-verify the phase discrimination results and eliminate erroneous discrimination data. The result output unit organizes and generates phase matching related information and synchronously feeds it back to the main control unit, which greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of phase discrimination and provides accurate phase basic data for the identification of low-voltage distribution line topology relationships.

[0038] In this embodiment, the secondary verification unit is specifically used to control the device to send a feature signal in phase A to obtain the first set of phase matching data, and to control the device to send a feature signal in phase C to obtain the second set of phase matching data; when the phase correspondence between the two sets of data is consistent, the phase discrimination result is determined to be valid; when the two sets of data are inconsistent, an abnormal signal is fed back to the main control unit and the feature signal sending process is re-initiated.

[0039] It is understood that the embodiments of this application transmit characteristic signals twice, in phases A and C respectively, and obtain two sets of phase matching data. By cross-comparing the two sets of data, a secondary verification of the phase discrimination result is achieved. This can effectively eliminate misjudgment results caused by factors such as line interference and signal transmission deviation, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the phase correspondence between the end user-side line and the secondary side of the distribution transformer. At the same time, when the two sets of data are inconsistent, the abnormality is promptly reported to the main control unit and the signal transmission process is re-initiated. This can avoid invalid discrimination results from affecting subsequent topology identification work, ensuring the accuracy of the analysis of the topology relationship and the hierarchical division of the low-voltage distribution network, and further improving the stability and working efficiency of the entire topology identification device.

[0040] In this embodiment, the edge computing module includes a data processing unit, a wavelet decomposition unit, a feature matching unit, and an event generation unit.

[0041] The data processing unit amplifies, filters, and linearizes the line current sampling data sent by the main control unit, removing the power frequency fundamental component and on-site electromagnetic interference signals. The wavelet decomposition unit performs multi-level decomposition of the processed current signal using wavelet transform algorithms, separating and extracting the low-frequency approximation coefficients and high-frequency detail coefficients of the signal. The feature matching unit compares and matches the decomposed signal features with the preset feature current code to complete the identification of the feature current signal transmitted in the line. The event generation unit generates a topology identification event containing the device's unique number, signal reception time, reception phase, and signal strength after a valid feature current signal is identified, and feeds the event data back to the main control unit in real time.

[0042] It is understood that the data processing unit in this application embodiment amplifies, filters, and linearizes the line current sampling data sent by the main control unit, effectively eliminating the power frequency fundamental component and on-site electromagnetic interference signals, and purifying the original collected data. The wavelet decomposition unit performs multi-level decomposition on the processed current signal based on the wavelet transform algorithm, separates and extracts the low-frequency approximation coefficient and high-frequency detail coefficient of the signal, and accurately mines the hidden features of the current signal. The feature matching unit compares and matches the decomposed signal features with the preset feature current code to achieve accurate identification of feature current signals in the power distribution line. After identifying the valid feature current signal, the event generation unit generates a topology identification event covering the device's unique number, signal reception time, reception phase, and signal strength, and feeds the event data back to the main control unit in real time, thereby improving the overall accuracy of feature signal identification and providing accurate and effective analysis basis for low-voltage power distribution topology identification.

[0043] In this embodiment, the wavelet decomposition unit is specifically used to perform multi-level decomposition on the processed current signal by passing it through a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter in sequence, extracting the first-level approximation coefficient A1 and the first-level detail coefficient D1, and performing a second decomposition on the first-level approximation coefficient A1 to obtain the second-level approximation coefficient A2 and the second-level detail coefficient D2, thereby completing the multi-scale feature extraction of the current signal.

[0044] It is understood that the embodiments of this application decompose the processed current signal through low-pass and high-pass filters in multiple layers, extract the approximation coefficients and detail coefficients at different levels, and complete multi-scale feature extraction. This can accurately separate the power frequency fundamental component, field electromagnetic interference and other useless signals in the current signal from the effective components of the characteristic current signal. It captures the subtle features of the characteristic current in multiple dimensions, avoiding the problem of incomplete and inaccurate feature extraction caused by single-scale decomposition. This provides a reliable signal basis for the subsequent feature matching unit to perform feature comparison and accurately identify the preset coded characteristic current signal in the line, thereby improving the recognition accuracy of the entire topology identification device, reducing misjudgments, ensuring the accuracy of the topology relationship judgment and hierarchical division of the low-voltage distribution network, and enhancing the stability and reliability of the device operation.

[0045] The topology identification device proposed in this application is based on the characteristic signal sent by the end user side. Relying on the overall management and control of the main control unit, it realizes the coordinated and efficient topology identification process, improves the convenience and reliability of operation and maintenance management. As the core hub of the device, it coordinates the entire process, issues instructions, receives feedback, executes cloud master station instructions, and coordinates the timing and data interaction of each module to avoid timing errors and misjudgments, realizes full process controllability and traceability, and provides support for remote operation and maintenance. By leveraging the data collection and metering functions of the metering unit, it provides accurate data for energy conservation and lean management of the distribution network. It collects key electrical parameters of the lines, providing a data foundation for topology verification and line loss analysis. It can accurately locate high-loss phases and abnormal power consumption problems, assisting in line loss management and load regulation, and promoting the upgrade of precise management and control of the distribution network. By injecting a dedicated signal through a characteristic current generator, the accuracy of topology identification is greatly improved, solving the problem of discrepancies between the map and reality. The injected pre-coded characteristic current has strong anti-interference capabilities. Combined with edge computing module analysis, it can accurately locate the topology association between transformer, line, phase, and household, solving the problem of chaotic ledgers and building a solid foundation for refined management data.

[0046] The following will describe a topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side through a specific embodiment, including: The core equipment used in this operation is a topology identification device that transmits characteristic signals from the end-user side. It consists of seven core components: a main control unit, a metering unit, a 4G communication module, a characteristic current generator, an RS485 communication unit, a phase discrimination module, and an edge computing module. Each module has a clear division of labor and works collaboratively to complete the entire topology identification process. The main control unit, as the core control hub of the device, establishes bidirectional communication connections with the metering unit, 4G communication module, characteristic current generator, RS485 communication unit, phase discrimination module, and edge computing module. It is responsible for the overall management and control of the entire process, issuing work instructions and configuration parameters to subordinate modules, receiving real-time operational data, identification results, and equipment status information from each module, accurately executing topology identification instructions issued by the cloud master station, and coordinating the unified working sequence and data interaction rhythm of the entire device to ensure the orderly connection of all aspects of the device's operation. The metering unit focuses on the acquisition of electrical parameters and the metering of electricity in low-voltage distribution lines. It collects core electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power, and phase in real time, and simultaneously meters and accumulates both forward and reverse active energy, providing raw data for power calculation and line loss analysis. The data acquisition accuracy meets the requirements of low-voltage distribution metering standards. The 4G communication module handles wireless data transmission between the device and the cloud master platform. It uploads topology identification data, electricity data collected by the metering unit, and phase results generated by the phase discrimination module to the cloud master platform in real time, ensuring real-time information exchange between the terminal device and the cloud master. The data transmission rate and stability are adapted to the application requirements of outdoor power distribution scenarios. The characteristic current generator is the core signal generation component for topology identification. It generates a standard coded characteristic current signal according to preset fixed parameters and stably injects the signal into the low-voltage distribution line, providing a dedicated characteristic carrier for topology identification. This module uses OOK modulation to encode and transmit the characteristic signal, with a single bit width time set to 600 milliseconds and the characteristic wave code being 1010101010011011. This parameter configuration ensures that the characteristic signal does not attenuate or crosstalk in complex branching and long-distance transmission low-voltage distribution lines, allowing for stable detection and identification by the upstream device. The RS485 communication unit establishes a wired communication connection with the smart meter on the end-user side, accurately collecting the meter's real-time operating data, unique address information, and two mainstream communication protocol types (698 and 645), completing the comprehensive collection and reporting of end-user equipment information and establishing a data interaction channel between the device and the user's meter. The phase discrimination module accurately determines the phase correspondence between the end-user side line and the distribution transformer based on the transmission and reception timing of the characteristic signal and the corresponding phase data, resolving issues of phase confusion and wiring errors in the distribution area. The edge computing module is equipped with wavelet transform analysis algorithms, such as Figure 2As shown, real-time feature extraction and in-depth analysis are performed on line current sampling data to quickly identify characteristic current signals transmitted in the line, generate standardized topology identification events in a timely manner, and upload them to the main control unit. Local preliminary signal analysis can be completed without relying on the cloud master station, thus improving the response speed of topology identification.

[0047] After completing the hardware debugging and functional testing of the topology identification device, the device was installed and deployed on-site according to the low-voltage distribution network hierarchy. This deployment covered three core distribution levels: the main meter side, the branch box side, and the meter box side. The overall structure of the low-voltage distribution network includes a low-voltage incoming switch layer, a low-voltage outgoing switch layer, multiple branch switch layers, and multiple meter box user switch layers. The installation of devices at each level followed unified specifications to ensure the accuracy of signal acquisition and transmission. At the main meter side of the distribution area, the current transformer of the topology identification device was installed on the secondary current line. The corresponding transformer was connected to the current line strictly according to the phase sequence markings of the transformer. During installation, it was ensured that the arrow markings on the transformers were completely consistent with the direction of the line current to avoid distortion of the current acquisition data due to incorrect installation direction. At the branch box location, the current transformers of the topology identification device are connected to the corresponding cables according to the phase sequence and current direction of the three phases A, B, and C of the branch line, simultaneously completing the voltage extraction operation. Yellow, green, red, and black alligator clips are used, corresponding to the three phases A, B, and C and the neutral wire, respectively. The alligator clips are securely clamped to the line studs or copper busbars, ensuring a one-to-one correspondence between the power extraction phase and the transformer phase, with no phase reversal or incorrect connection issues. At the meter box location, the topology identification device is fixed, the transformers are connected, and voltage extraction is performed using the same installation specifications as at the branch box, ensuring uniform installation standards across the entire distribution area. After all devices are installed, the installation level, line affiliation, and physical location information of each topology identification device are completely registered to the cloud master station system, providing a basic location basis for subsequent topology identification command issuance, data analysis, and topology structure generation. A total of nine topology identification devices were deployed in this project. Figure 3 As shown, the devices are labeled as devices 1 to 9 in sequence. Device 1 is deployed on the main meter side of the transformer area as the root node device for transformer area topology identification; devices 2, 3, and 4 are deployed on the branch box side as secondary relay detection devices for the transformer area; devices 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are deployed on the meter box side as end-user side feature signal transmission and detection devices, forming a hierarchical terminal detection network covering the entire line of the transformer area.

[0048] After device installation and information registration are completed, the cloud master station platform initiates a standardized topology identification process. The entire process relies on preset parameters and algorithms for automatic analysis, requiring no manual intervention. First, the cloud master station platform issues a unified time synchronization command to all topology identification devices, synchronizing their clocks and eliminating the impact of timing deviations on the determination of characteristic signal transmission and reception. Second, the master station platform issues topology signal transmission commands to all topology identification devices sequentially at fixed time intervals, recording the command issuance time and current operating status of each device. The devices themselves perform self-sensing while transmitting characteristic signals, ensuring that signal transmission status can be monitored in real time. The first round of topology identification uses phase A as the signal transmission phase sequence. The master station sequentially commands each terminal device to transmit a characteristic current signal in phase A, recording the signal transmission and reception events reported by each topology identification device in real time. The master station sends a topology signal transmission command to device 6, recording the transmission time as T6. Device 6 switches to signal transmission mode. The characteristic wave signal emitted by device 6 is transmitted along the line and accurately sensed by its upstream devices 1 and 2. The two devices immediately generate topology identification events and upload them to the cloud master station. The master station records the reporting time of device 1 as T1 and the reporting time of device 2 as T2. The current state of the two devices switches to signal identification mode. After calculation, the time difference between T1 and T6 and the time difference between T2 and T6 are both within the effective identification time difference range of 0 seconds to +10 seconds. At this time, the master station can only determine that there is a line connection between device 1, device 2 and device 6, and cannot yet determine the hierarchical relationship between device 1 and device 2. To clarify the hierarchical relationship, the master station continues to send topology signal transmission commands to device 2, recording the transmission time as t2. Device 2 switches to signal transmission mode. The characteristic wave signal emitted by device 2 is only perceived by its superior device 1. Device 1 generates a topology identification event and reports it to the master station. The master station records the reporting time t1 of device 1. The time difference between t2 and t1 is within the effective identification time difference range. The master station combines the identification data from the first two rounds to complete accurate judgment, determining that device 1 is the first-level device of this branch, device 2 is the second-level device, and device 6 is the third-level device. According to the same identification logic and judgment rules, device 5 is identified by device 2 and device 1 in sequence, device 7 is identified by device 3 and device 1 in sequence, device 3 is identified only by device 1, and devices 8 and 9 are identified by device 4 and device 1 in sequence, device 4 is identified only by device 1. After the first round of identification is completed, the master station generates a list of terminal devices to be verified a second time. The second round of topology identification uses phase C as the signal transmission phase sequence. Based on the terminal list generated from the first round of statistical results, the main station sequentially commands the devices in the list to transmit characteristic current signals on phase C, simultaneously recording the signal transmission and reception events of all devices to further verify the accuracy of the topology relationship. The main station platform performs an independent signal transmission test for each topology identification device, fully records the reported clocks of all signal receiving devices, and completes comparative analysis of multiple sets of timing data.Finally, the main station combines the results of the two rounds of identification to determine the device level. The determination rule is that the device with the most identified characteristic waves is the highest level device. The device level is positively correlated with the number of identified characteristic waves; the more characteristic waves identified, the higher the device level, and the fewer characteristic waves identified, the lower the device level. According to the main station system algorithm, device 1 can identify the characteristic signals of all eight subordinate devices and is determined to be a first-level root device; devices 2 and 4 can each identify the characteristic signals of two subordinate devices, and device 3 can identify the characteristic signal of one subordinate device; all three are determined to be second-level relay devices; devices 5 and 6 are third-level terminal devices under device 2, device 7 is a third-level terminal device under device 3, and devices 8 and 9 are third-level terminal devices under device 4. The main station organizes the topology data according to the line structure (lineStructure) and generates an EqTopologyDTO object, whose mathematical model is: , , , , , , ; in, For a set of topological paths, to For a single topological path within the set, For a single device, an ordered topology path. For the set of candidate root devices, For topology devices, It is an existential quantifier. This refers to the number of devices per path. It is a universal quantifier. As a candidate root device, The set of paths corresponding to the root device. For topology paths with more than 1 device. The device's hierarchy within a single path. This is the device's position number in the path. The parent device of the devices in the path. The parent device of the current device in the path. This is the device's position number in the path. A unique identifier for topology nodes. As a unique identifier for the device, For the parent device identifier, For the equipment level, For topology identification task identification, For equipment type, The device is in the deletion state. The master station organizes all topology data according to the line structure, constructs a topology structure with device 1 as the root node and multiple branch links as carriers, and finally generates an EqTopologyDTO data object containing hierarchy and parent-child relationships, completing the fully automatic and accurate construction of the low-voltage distribution network topology structure of the transformer area.

[0049] In addition to its core topology identification function, the topology identification device in this application simultaneously performs four auxiliary functions: phase identification, power metering, line loss anomaly location, and user meter statistics, providing comprehensive support for the operation and maintenance management of the distribution area. The phase identification function relies on the characteristic signal phase sequence transmission and reception logic. The topology identification device on the meter box side sends a characteristic signal on phase A, and the terminal device on the distribution area side receives this signal on phase C, thus determining that phase A of the meter box's incoming line corresponds to phase C of the transformer. Similarly, the topology identification device on the meter box side sends a characteristic signal on phase C, and the terminal device on the distribution area side receives this signal on phase A, thus determining that phase C of the meter box's incoming line corresponds to phase A of the transformer. The entire process is automated, completing the phase identification of the entire distribution area's lines without manual error. The power metering function is continuously executed by the metering unit, collecting line voltage, current, power, and phase parameters in real time to complete the cumulative metering of forward and reverse active energy. All metering data is uploaded to the cloud master station in real time via the 4G communication module, and the data accuracy meets the requirements of low-voltage power distribution metering specifications. The line loss anomaly location function adopts a standardized process. First, the cloud main station platform completes the processing of electricity consumption data for all nodes, eliminating missing and abnormal data to ensure data integrity. Then, according to the formulas that line loss equals power supply minus sales and line loss rate equals line loss divided by power supply multiplied by 100%, the system performs layered and phase-by-phase line loss calculations every 15 minutes, generating a complete line loss data array. The system presets a line loss rate threshold based on historical data of the transformer area. If the line loss rate exceeds the threshold, it is judged as a line loss anomaly. Finally, by combining information such as node impedance data, voltage drop, current reverse status, phase angle deviation, meter clock status, and opening records calculated daily, the system accurately distinguishes the causes of anomalies such as technical line loss, wiring errors, and suspected electricity theft, providing accurate basis for transformer area line loss management. The user meter statistics function is executed by the RS485 communication unit. The device automatically searches for downstream meters through the RS485 interface, identifies the meter address and 698 or 645 protocol type, collects all meter operation data and reports it to the master station. The master station compares the meter data with the device's metering data, automatically generates meter phase information, and improves the basic files of electrical equipment in the distribution area.

[0050] In summary, this application's embodiment achieves fully automated and accurate construction of the low-voltage distribution network topology in the transformer substation through the collaborative work of seven core modules and standardized hierarchical on-site deployment. It clarifies equipment levels and line relationships without manual intervention, effectively solving problems such as phase confusion and wiring errors. Simultaneously, its four auxiliary functions—phase identification, power metering, line loss anomaly location, and user meter statistics—provide accurate electrical parameters, line loss data, and meter information, improving the transformer substation's electrical equipment records. This provides comprehensive data support for power calculation, line loss management, and operation and maintenance management, significantly improving operation and maintenance efficiency, reducing labor costs, and ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the low-voltage distribution network.

[0051] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of an embodiment of a topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side also applies to this embodiment of a topology identification system based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side, and will not be repeated here.

[0052] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a main control unit, a metering unit, a 4G communication module, a characteristic current generator, an RS485 communication unit, a phase discrimination module, and an edge computing module; among which, The main control unit is bidirectionally connected to the metering unit, 4G communication module, characteristic current generator, RS485 communication unit, phase discrimination module, and edge computing module. The main control unit is used to coordinate and manage the entire process of the device, issue instructions and configuration parameters, receive feedback data, results and status information, execute cloud master station topology identification instructions, and coordinate the timing and data interaction of the entire device. The metering unit is used to collect voltage, current, power, and phase electrical parameters of low-voltage power distribution lines, and to measure and accumulate positive and reverse active energy. The 4G communication module is used to upload topology identification data, metering data, and phase discrimination results to the cloud master station platform; The characteristic current generator is used to generate and inject a preset encoded characteristic current signal into the low-voltage power distribution line; The RS485 communication unit is used to establish communication with the smart meter on the end user side and to collect meter operation data, address information and communication protocol type. The phase discrimination module is used to determine the phase correspondence between the end user-side line and the distribution transformer based on the characteristic signal transmission and reception timing and phase data; The edge computing module is used to extract and analyze features from line current sampling data, identify characteristic current signals in the line, and generate topology identification events.

2. The topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit includes an instruction parsing unit, a timing control unit, a data interaction unit, and a logic operation unit. The instruction parsing unit receives and parses various instructions forwarded by the 4G communication module from the cloud master platform, breaking them down into sub-instructions executable by the corresponding modules. The timing control unit coordinates and manages the overall working timing of the entire device, uniformly calibrating the time nodes of sampling, sending, and reporting actions of each module. The data interaction unit manages bidirectional data transmission, completing data transmission, caching, and verification. The logic operation unit performs preliminary logical judgments on the data fed back by each module, completing effective event filtering, abnormal data identification, and basic topology association verification.

3. A topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main control unit can control the device to switch between signal transmission mode and signal recognition mode. In signal transmission mode, the main control unit sends a command to the characteristic current generator to inject a preset coded characteristic current signal into a specified phase of the low-voltage power distribution line and simultaneously records the signal transmission time stamp. In signal recognition mode, the main control unit collects the line full-phase current data in real time through the metering unit and sends it to the edge computing module to complete the identification and reception time stamp recording of characteristic current signals. At the same time, the phase discrimination module completes the signal phase matching and uploads the signal transmission / reception time stamp, phase information and identification results to the cloud master station platform through the 4G communication module for the topology analysis and hierarchical division of the low-voltage distribution network.

4. A topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metering unit includes a voltage acquisition subunit, a current acquisition subunit, an energy metering subunit, and a data storage subunit. The voltage acquisition subunit is used to acquire the effective voltage, instantaneous voltage, and phase angle data of each phase of the low-voltage distribution line in real time according to the acquisition instructions from the main control unit. The current acquisition subunit is used to synchronously acquire the effective current, instantaneous current, and harmonic component data of each phase of the line through phase-separated current transformers. The energy metering subunit is used to complete the cumulative metering of forward and reverse active energy based on the acquired voltage and current data, and simultaneously calculate active power, reactive power, and power factor electrical parameters. The data storage subunit is used to locally store historical metering data, receive historical data retrieval instructions from the main control unit and provide corresponding data feedback, and supports data interruption resumption and historical data backtracking.

5. A topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side according to claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristic current generator includes an encoding modulation unit, a power drive unit, a signal injection unit, and a timing synchronization unit. The encoding modulation unit uses OOK modulation to convert a preset binary characteristic code into a corresponding pulse control signal. The power drive unit drives an internal power switch to switch on and off at high speed according to the pulse control signal, generating a high-frequency current pulse train matching the code on the low-voltage distribution line. The signal injection unit couples the generated characteristic current signal into a designated phase of the low-voltage distribution line. The timing synchronization unit calibrates the transmission time of the characteristic signal according to the timing command forwarded by the main control unit.

6. A topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase discrimination module includes a phase matching unit, a phase calibration unit, a secondary verification unit, and a result output unit. The phase matching unit compares the transmitted phase of the device's characteristic signals with the received phase of the signals reported by the topology identification device on the transformer substation or branch box side, obtained by the 4G communication module, to establish a phase correspondence between the end-user side line and the secondary side of the distribution transformer. The phase calibration unit dynamically calibrates the phase angle measurement results based on the line voltage drop and signal transmission delay. The secondary verification unit performs secondary cross-verification of the phase discrimination results using two rounds of characteristic signal transmission and reception data (A-phase and C-phase) to eliminate false judgments. The result output unit generates the phase matching result and synchronously feeds it back to the main control unit.

7. A topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side according to claim 6, characterized in that, The secondary verification unit is specifically used to control the device to send a characteristic signal in phase A to obtain the first set of phase matching data, and to control the device to send a characteristic signal in phase C to obtain the second set of phase matching data. When the phase correspondence between the two sets of data is consistent, the phase discrimination result is determined to be valid. When the two sets of data are inconsistent, an abnormal signal is fed back to the main control unit and the characteristic signal sending process is restarted.

8. A topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge computing module includes a data processing unit, a wavelet decomposition unit, a feature matching unit, and an event generation unit. The data processing unit amplifies, filters, and linearizes the line current sampling data sent by the main control unit, removing the power frequency fundamental component and on-site electromagnetic interference signals. The wavelet decomposition unit performs multi-level decomposition of the processed current signal using a wavelet transform algorithm, separating and extracting the low-frequency approximation coefficients and high-frequency detail coefficients. The feature matching unit compares and matches the decomposed signal features with a preset characteristic current code to identify the characteristic current signal transmitted in the line. The event generation unit, upon identifying a valid characteristic current signal, generates a topology identification event containing a unique device number, signal reception time, reception phase, and signal strength, and feeds the event data back to the main control unit in real time.

9. A topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side according to claim 8, characterized in that, The wavelet decomposition unit is specifically used to perform multi-level decomposition on the processed current signal by passing it through a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter in sequence, extracting the first-level approximation coefficients A1 and the first-level detail coefficients D1, and then performing a second decomposition on the first-level approximation coefficients A1 to obtain the second-level approximation coefficients A2 and the second-level detail coefficients D2, thereby completing the multi-scale feature extraction of the current signal.

10. A topology identification system based on feature signals transmitted from the end-user side, characterized in that, The invention includes a topology identification device based on feature signals transmitted from the end user side, as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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