Reconfigurable intelligent surface fault mitigation and / or detection

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a network node can receive, from a network entity, a configuration of a codebook associated with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) pattern. The network node can receive, from the network entity, an indication of a codeword in the codebook that is potentially associated with a RIS element failure based at least in part on one or more RIS attributes. The network node can perform RIS failure mitigation based at least in part on the indication. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 507,586, filed November 13, 2023, entitled “Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Failure Mitigation and / or Detection,” which is assigned to the assignee of this application. The disclosure of the earlier application is considered part of this patent application and is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and more specifically to techniques, apparatus and methods for fault mitigation and / or detection of reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS). Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of services, including voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other services. Services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, etc. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, spatial-domain resources, and / or device transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access RATs include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] The aforementioned Multiple Access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless communication devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunications standard is New Radio (NR). NR (also known as 5G) is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband announced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) can be designed to better support the Internet of Things (IoT) and reduced-capacity device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter-wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelinks and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (e.g., cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communications), massive MIMO, decomposed network architectures and network topology expansion, multi-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, and more. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, further improvements to NR can be implemented, and other radio access technologies (such as 6G) can be introduced to further advance mobile broadband evolution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In some specific implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node includes: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: receive from a network entity a configuration of a codebook associated with a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) mode; receive from the network entity, at least in part, an indication of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes; and perform RIS failure mitigation, at least in part, based on the indications.

[0007] In some specific implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity includes: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to: identify a first network node to transmit a pilot signal; identify a second network node to receive the pilot signal and calculate a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal, wherein the second network node is along a specular reflection or refraction direction; send a configuration to a RIS controller for applying a RIS mode from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule; receive the measurement report from the second network node; and send an updated codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the updated codebook is based at least in part on the measurement report.

[0008] In some specific implementations, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node includes: receiving from a network entity a configuration of a codebook associated with a RIS mode; receiving from the network entity, at least in part, an indication of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes; and performing RIS failure mitigation, at least in part, based on the indications.

[0009] In some specific implementations, a wireless communication method performed by a network entity includes: identifying a first network node to transmit a pilot signal; identifying a second network node to receive the pilot signal and calculating a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal; sending a configuration to a RIS controller for applying a RIS mode from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule; receiving the measurement report from the second network node; and sending an update codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook is based at least in part on the measurement report.

[0010] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions including one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, cause the network node to: receive configuration of a codebook associated with a RIS mode from a network entity; receive indications from the network entity, at least in part, of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes; and perform RIS failure mitigation, at least in part, based on the indications.

[0011] In some implementations, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network entity, cause the network entity to: identify a first network node to transmit a pilot signal; identify a second network node to receive the pilot signal and calculate a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal; send a configuration to a RIS controller for applying a RIS mode from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule; receive the measurement report from the second network node; and send an update codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook is based at least in part on the measurement report.

[0012] In some specific implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: means for receiving from a network entity a configuration of a codebook associated with a RIS mode; means for receiving from the network entity, at least in part, an indication of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes; and means for performing RIS failure mitigation, at least in part, based on the indications.

[0013] In some specific implementations, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: components for identifying a first network node to transmit a pilot signal; components for identifying a second network node to receive the pilot signal and calculating a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal; components for sending a configuration to a RIS controller for applying a RIS mode from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule; components for receiving the measurement report from the second network node; and components for sending an updated codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the updated codebook is based at least in part on the measurement report.

[0014] Various aspects of this disclosure may be implemented or be implemented as described in whole by or embodied in the methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network nodes, network entities, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described in the specification and drawings and illustrated in the specification and drawings.

[0015] The preceding paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of this disclosure. These and additional aspects and their associated advantages will be described below. The disclosed aspects can serve as the basis for modifying or designing other aspects for performing the same or similar purposes of this disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, their organization and operation, and their associated advantages will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings illustrate some aspects of this disclosure but do not limit its scope, as other aspects can be achieved by this description. Each drawing in the drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a definition of limitation of the claims. Identical or similar reference numerals in different drawings may identify identical or similar elements.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating communication between an example network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) according to this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of normal operation of a RIS element according to this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the operation of a faulty RIS element according to this disclosure.

[0023] Figures 7 to 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of RIS fault mitigation and / or detection according to this disclosure.

[0024] Figures 9A to 9D This is a diagram illustrating an example of RIS fault mitigation and / or detection according to this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of RIS fault mitigation and / or detection according to this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed by a network node according to this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed by a network entity, for example, according to this disclosure.

[0028] Figures 13 to 14 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Various aspects of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated or described with reference to the drawings or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the scope of protection of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will understand that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, various combinations or numbers of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover apparatuses having structures and / or functionalities other than those available for practicing the various aspects of this disclosure set forth herein, or methods practiced using these other structures and / or functionalities. Any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0030] Various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will now be presented with reference to them. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various boxes, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0031] Reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS) can be network elements used to extend coverage with negligible power consumption. RIS can be mirror-shaped near-passive devices. RIS can include horizontally oriented... X Components and vertical direction Y Components. Components in RIS may also be referred to as RIS components in this document. Each component can reflect a waveform incident on its surface. Each component can reflect a waveform at least partially based on its reflection coefficient, such that the waveform can be reflected in one direction.

[0032] However, low-cost components at the RIS (Resistant Component System) are prone to failure due to aging or environmental changes. Controllable phase shifts may not be achievable via failed components; they may simply function as passive reflectors. When a component fails, it may get stuck in a certain phase response regardless of the input applied. Over time, a certain number of components at the RIS may fail. For example, a RIS may have thousands of tunable diodes, and a subset of these diodes may fail, but the failure may not be critical enough to replace the RIS. Failed components may act as uncontrollable passive reflectors.

[0033] A codebook (or RIS mode) can involve setting specific voltages to each element in the RIS, causing that element to produce a phase response or phase shift that redirects a signal in a desired direction. For a faulty element, it may get stuck at a specific response regardless of the control inputs applied to it. When this fault occurs, the RIS controller may not be aware of it. The RIS controller may be able to change the values, but may not have the ability to determine which elements have failed. Due to the fault, incident signals falling on a group of elements may be reflected in some uncontrollable way. The faulty element may reflect mirror-like signals in a specific direction beyond the control of the RIS controller.

[0034] In some cases, reflections from faulty components and reflections from controlled components can combine cancelably. The RIS mode can be initially configured to reflect in a certain direction, allowing voltages to be set to all components in a specific way. During normal operation, components can generate certain phase shifts, causing signals to reflect in a direction of interest. When some components function correctly, but a significant number are faulty components that do not respond to control inputs, reflections may combine cancelably, potentially negatively impacting gain. Therefore, when faulty components are not properly addressed, the gain achieved by the UE can be negatively affected, thus degrading overall performance.

[0035] Various aspects as a whole involve RIS fault mitigation and / or detection. Some aspects more specifically involve updating the RIS mode (codebook) based at least in part on RIS fault mitigation and / or detection. In some aspects, network nodes may receive configurations of codebooks associated with RIS modes from network entities. Network nodes may receive indications from network entities, at least in part, of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element faults, based on one or more RIS attributes. When potentially associated with a RIS element fault, the codebook may be more likely (e.g., exceeding a threshold) to have transmissions using that codebook affected by the RIS element fault, where the RIS element fault can be common (e.g., highest percentage) RIS element faults. Network nodes may perform RIS fault mitigation based at least in part on the indications. RIS fault mitigation may involve providing the RIS controller with an indication that the RIS controller uses a common phase offset on codewords susceptible to RIS element faults. RIS fault mitigation may involve providing the RIS controller with an indication that the RIS controller uses codewords from an accompanying codebook instead of codewords susceptible to RIS element faults. RIS fault mitigation may involve providing the RIS controller with an indication of using a specific element switching mode and a corresponding accompanying codebook or common phase offset, which is applied to codewords susceptible to RIS element faults.

[0036] In some aspects, the network entity can identify a first network node to transmit a pilot signal. The network entity can identify a second network node to receive the pilot signal and calculate a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal, wherein the second network node is along the specular reflection / refraction direction. The network entity can send a configuration to the RIS controller for applying RIS modes from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule. The network entity can receive measurement reports from the second network node. The network entity can send an updated codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the updated codebook can be based at least in part on the measurement reports.

[0037] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by enabling RIS fault mitigation and / or detection, the described techniques can be used to suggest RIS mode (codebook) updates, which ensures that destructive combinations of signals reflected or refracted (reflected / refracted) from controllable and faulty components along the target reflection / refraction direction are avoided, thereby improving overall gain. Increased gain improves overall system performance. Therefore, even when components in the RIS fail due to aging and / or environmental factors, the codebook can be appropriately updated to address such failures and avoid destructive combinations of signals, thereby improving overall system performance.

[0038] Multiple access radio access technology (RAT) has been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables wireless communication devices to communicate at the city, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution announced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 5G NR supports a variety of technologies and use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV).

[0039] With increasing demand for broadband access and the evolution of technologies supported by wireless communication networks, further technological improvements can be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs (such as 6G) to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a variety of existing and new use cases and applications. These technological improvements can be associated with new frequency band extensions, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, decomposed network architectures and network topology extensions, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelinks and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced-capacity (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multi-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML), and more. Such technological improvements can support use cases such as wireless backhaul, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta-services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communications, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and collaborative manipulation, sensor networks, posture monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, digital twin applications, asset management, and general coverage applications using off-ground and / or aerial platforms, etc. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein can implement one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 according to the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, etc. The wireless communication network 100 may include a plurality of network nodes 110, shown as network node (NN) 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d. Network nodes 110 may support communication with a plurality of UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e).

[0041] Network nodes 110 and UEs 120 of wireless communication network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, frequency bands, carriers, and / or channels according to frequency or wavelength. For example, devices of wireless communication network 100 can communicate using one or more operating frequency bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless communication network 100 can support a specific radio access technology (RAT) (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and can operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include 4G RAT, 5G / NR RAT, and / or 6G RAT, etc. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographical area, each RAT in that geographical area can operate on a different frequency to avoid interference with each other.

[0042] Various operating frequency bands have been defined as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in some documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, in some documents and articles, FR2 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band, but this is different from the Very High Frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as the mid-band frequencies, including FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 or FR2 characteristics, thereby effectively extending the characteristics of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Therefore, "below 6 GHz" (if used herein) can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, and / or included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term "millimeter wave" (if used herein) can broadly refer to frequencies included in mid-band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5, and / or within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands can extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs above 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 can implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), where multiple RATs (e.g., 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented within a single frequency band using dynamic bandwidth allocation (e.g., based on user demand). It is conceivable that the frequencies included in these operating frequency bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1 and / or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0043] Network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of wireless communication network 100. Network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, 5G network node, 6G network node, node B, eNB, gNB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), mobility element, core, network entity, network element, network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN).

[0044] Network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (e.g., a single physical structure) or as two or more physical nodes (e.g., two or more different physical structures). For example, network node 110 may be a device or system implementing a portion of a radio protocol stack, a device or system implementing a complete radio protocol stack (such as a complete gNB protocol stack), or a collection of devices or systems collectively implementing a complete radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (with an aggregated architecture), meaning that network node 110 can implement a complete radio protocol stack physically and logically integrated within a single node (e.g., a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses the complete radio protocol stack to implement or facilitate communication between UE 120 and the core network of wireless communication network 100.

[0045] Alternatively, and also as shown in the figure, network node 110 can be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), meaning that network node 110 can realize a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same or different geographic locations. For example, a decomposed network node may have a decomposed architecture. In some deployments, decomposed network node 110 may be used in integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks, in open radio access networks (O-RAN) (such as network configurations compliant with the O-RAN Alliance), or in virtualized radio access networks (vRAN) (also referred to as cloud radio access networks (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling by decomposing base station functionality into multiple units that can be deployed independently.

[0046] Network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), and / or one or more radio units (RUs). CUs may host one or more higher-layer control functions, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) functions, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. DUs may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to functional splits (such as functional splits defined by 3GPP). In some examples, DUs may also host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, etc. RUs may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as FFT, iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc., according to functional splits (such as lower-layer functional splits). In this type of architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 120s.

[0047] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, network node 110 may include one or more near real-time (near RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more non-real-time (non-RT) RICs. In some examples, CUs, DUs, and / or RUs may be implemented as virtual units, such as Virtual Central Units (VCUs), Virtual Distributed Units (VDUs), or Virtual Radio Units (VRUs), etc. Virtual units may be implemented as virtual network functions, such as those associated with cloud deployments.

[0048] Some network nodes 110 (e.g., base stations, RUs, or TRPs) can provide communication coverage for specific geographic areas. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 or to network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. Network node 110 can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, network node 110 can provide communication coverage for macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, or another type of cell. A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and can allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell can cover a relatively small geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and can allow restricted access by UE 120 associated with that femto cell (e.g., UE 120 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). A network node 110 used for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. Network node 110 used for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. Network node 110 used for a femtocell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. In some examples, the cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographical area of ​​the cell may be mobile based on the location of the associated mobile network node 110 (e.g., a train, satellite base station, unmanned aerial vehicle, or non-terrestrial network (NTN) network node).

[0049] The wireless communication network 100 can be a heterogeneous network, comprising different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, piconet nodes, femtonet nodes, relay network nodes, aggregation network nodes, and / or decomposition network nodes, etc. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110a can be a macro network node for macro cell 130a, network node 110b can be a pico network node for pico cell 130b, and network node 110c can be a femto network node for femto cell 130c. Compared to other types of network nodes 110, the various types of network nodes 110 typically transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different effects on interference in the wireless communication network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 watts to 2 watts).

[0050] In some examples, network node 110 may be, may include, or operate as a RU, TRP, or base station communicating with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a "Uu" link). The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication direction from network node 110 to UE 120, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication direction from UE 120 to network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. Downlink control channels may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from network node 110 to UE 120. Downlink data channels may be used to transmit downlink data (e.g., user data associated with UE 120) from network node 110 to UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCH), and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCH). The uplink channel may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. The uplink control channel can be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from UE 120 to network node 110 (e.g., transmitting corresponding reference signals and / or feedback with one or more downlinks). The uplink data channel can be used to transmit uplink data (e.g., user data associated with UE 120) from UE 120 to network node 110. The uplink control channel may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCH), and the uplink data channel may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH). The downlink and uplink may each include a set of resources on which network node 110 and UE 120 can communicate.

[0051] Downlink and uplink resources may include time-domain resources (frames, subframes, time slots, and / or symbols), frequency-domain resources (bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements), and / or spatial-domain resources (specific transmission directions and / or beam parameters). Frequency-domain resources in some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth portions (BWPs). A BWP may be a contiguous block of frequency-domain resources allocated to one or more UEs 120 (e.g., a contiguous block of resource blocks). UEs 120 may be configured using both uplink and downlink BWPs (where the uplink and downlink BWPs may be the same BWP or different BWPs). BWPs may be dynamically configured and / or reconfigured (e.g., by sending DCI configuration to one or more UEs 120 via network node 110), meaning that BWPs may be adjusted in real-time (or near real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. This allows for more efficient use of available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100, as fewer frequency domain resources can be allocated to the BWP for UE 120 (which reduces the number of frequency domain resources that UE 120 needs to monitor), thus allowing more frequency domain resources to be distributed across multiple UE 120s. Therefore, the BWP can also assist in the implementation of such UE 120s by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communications performed by lower-capacity UE 120s.

[0052] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an IAB network, may include an IAB network, or may be included in an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node communicating with a core network. The anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or "IAB donor"). The anchor network node 110 may be connected to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, the Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, the anchor network node 110 may be connected to one or more devices in the core network that provide core access and mobility management functions (AMF). An IAB network typically also includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply IAB nodes (or "IAB-nodes"). Each non-anchor network node 110 can directly communicate with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or can indirectly communicate with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and an associated wireless backhaul link forming a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network nodes 110 or other non-anchor network nodes 110 can also directly communicate with one or more UEs 120 via a wireless access link carrying access services. For example, network resources used for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) can be shared between the access link and the backhaul link.

[0053] In some examples, any network node 110 relaying communication may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply a repeater. A repeater may receive communications from an upstream station (e.g., another network node 110 or UE 120) and transmit communications to a downstream station (e.g., UE 120 or another network node 110). In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a "multi-hop network." Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 can be a relay station capable of relaying transmissions to or from other UE 120s, or can operate as such a relay station. UE 120 relaying communication can be referred to as a UE repeater or relay UE, etc.

[0054] UE 120 may be physically distributed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may be, may include, an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be, or may include, a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband and / or smart jewelry (such as a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device and / or a satellite radio), an extended reality (XR) device, a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device), a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that can communicate via a wireless medium, or may be coupled to them.

[0055] UE 120 and / or network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-a-chip (SoC), chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), neural processing units (NPUs), and / or digital signal processors (DSPs)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors that can be configured or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor that can be configured or configured to perform a first function in the set, and a second processor that can be configured or configured to perform a second function in the set, or may include the entire group of processors that are configured or configured to perform the set of functions.

[0056] The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as "memory" or collectively as "memory" or "memory circuitry"). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors in the processor (e.g., operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) and may store processor-executable code (such as software) individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors in the processor, may configure one or more processors in the processor to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors in the processor may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without being configured by software. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems among the modems. The processing system may also include, or be coupled to, multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas among multiple antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers. UE 120 may be included or may be contained in a housing that houses components associated with UE 120, including the processing system.

[0057] Some UEs 120 may be considered Machine Type Communication (MTC) UEs, Evolved or Enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) UEs, Further Enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs or Enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be collectively referred to as "MTC UEs". An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with the following: robots, unmanned aerial vehicles or drones, remote devices, sensors, instruments, monitors, and / or location tags. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) devices. IoT UEs or NB-IoT devices may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with the following: industrial machines, appliances, refrigerators, doorbell camera devices, home automation devices, and / or lighting fixtures, etc. Some UE120s can be considered customer premises equipment, which may include telecommunications equipment installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider’s network (such as being included in or communicating with the wireless communication network 100).

[0058] Some UEs 120 can be categorized according to different categories associated with varying levels of complexity and / or capabilities. UEs 120 in the first category facilitate large-scale IoT within the wireless communication network 100 and offer lower complexity and / or lower cost compared to UEs 120 in the second category. UEs 120 in the second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-level UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs capable of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and / or precise positioning, etc., within the wireless communication network 100. UEs 120 in the third category may have intermediate-level complexity and / or capabilities (e.g., capabilities between UEs 120 in the first category and UEs 120 in the second category). UEs 120 in the third category may be referred to as reduced-capability UEs (“RedCap UEs”), intermediate-level UEs, NR lightweight UEs, and / or NR simplified UEs, etc. RedCap UEs bridge the gap in capabilities and complexity between NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs can include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras associated with limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range. RedCap UEs can support healthcare environments, building automation, power distribution, process automation, transportation and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among others.

[0059] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) can communicate directly with each other using sidelink communication (e.g., without communicating through a network node 110 acting as an intermediary). As an example, UE 120a can send data, control information, or other signaling directly to UE 120e as sidelink communication. This contrasts with, for example, UE 120a first sending data to network node 110 in UL communication, and then that network node sending data to UE 120e in DL communication. In various examples, UE 120 can use peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh network communication protocols to send and receive sidelink communication. In some deployments and configurations, network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communication between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, UE 120 (instead of network node 110) may perform or cooperate with or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communication.

[0060] In various examples, in addition to half-duplex operation, some network nodes and UEs in the wireless communication network 100, including network node 110 and UE 120, can also be configured for full-duplex operation. Network node 110 or UE 120 operating in half-duplex mode can perform only one of transmission or reception during a specific time resource period (such as a specific time slot, symbol, or other time period). Half-duplex operation may involve time division duplex (TDD), where the DL transmission of network node 110 and the UL transmission of UE 120 do not occur in the same time resource (i.e., the transmissions do not overlap in time). In contrast, network node 110 or UE 120 operating in full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (e.g., within the same time resource). By operating in full-duplex mode, network node 110 and / or UE 120 can generally increase the capacity of the network and radio access links. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency division duplex (FDD), in which network node 110 performs DL transmission in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier, and UE 120 performs transmission in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier, the second frequency band or the second component carrier being different from the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for UE 120 but not for network node 110. For example, UE 120 may simultaneously transmit UL to the first network node 110 and receive DL transmissions from the second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for network node 110 but not for UE 120. For example, network node 110 may simultaneously transmit DL to the first UE 120 and receive UL transmissions from the second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both network node 110 and UE 120.

[0061] In some examples, UE 120 and network node 110 can perform MIMO communication. "MIMO" generally refers to the simultaneous transmission or reception of multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) using the same time and frequency resources. MIMO technology typically utilizes multipath propagation. MIMO can be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO can support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, which is called multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). Some radio access technologies (RATs) can employ advanced MIMO techniques such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs), reciprocity in the time or frequency domain, single-frequency network (SFN) transmission, or noncoherent joint transmission (NC-JT).

[0062] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., network node 110b) may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may: receive configuration of a codebook associated with a RIS mode from a network entity; receive indications from the network entity, at least in part, of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes; and perform RIS failure mitigation, at least in part, based on the indications. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0063] In some aspects, network entities (e.g., network node 110a) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may: identify a first network node to transmit a pilot signal; identify a second network node to receive the pilot signal and calculate a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal, wherein the second network node is along the specular reflection / refraction direction; send a configuration to the RIS controller for applying a RIS mode from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule; receive the measurement report from the second network node; and send an update codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook is based at least in part on the measurement report. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0064] As indicated above, Figure 1 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 communicating with an example UE 120 in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0066] like Figure 2As shown, network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a to 232t, where t≥1), a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a to 234v, where v≥1), a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, etc. In some configurations, one or a combination of antennas 234, modems 232, MIMO detectors 236, receive processors 238, transmit processors 214, and / or TX MIMO processors 216 may be included in the transceiver of network node 110. The transceiver may be under the control of and used by one or more processors (such as controller / processor 240), and in some respects, may perform aspects of the methods, procedures and / or operations described herein in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in memory 242. In some respects, network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components and / or other components that facilitate communication with UE 120 or another network node.

[0067] The terms “processor,” “controller,” or “controller / processor” can refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, references to “a / the processor,” “a / the controller / processor,” etc. (in the singular) should be understood as referring to a combination of… Figure 2 The processor described refers to any one or more processors, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. The reference to "one or more processors" should be understood as a combination of references. Figure 2 Any one or more processors described herein. For example, one or more processors of network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.

[0068] In some aspects, a single processor can perform all operations described as being performed by one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of one or more processors can perform a first operation described as being performed by that one or more processors, and a second set of one or more processors can perform a second operation described as being performed by that one or more processors. The processors in the first set and the processors in the second set can be the same set of processors or can be different sets of processors. The reference to "one or more memories" should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of the corresponding device, such as combined... Figure 2 The memory described. For example, an operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or by different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0069] For downlink communication from network node 110 to UE 120, transmitting processor 214 may receive data (“downlink data”) intended for use by UE 120 (or a set of UEs including UE 120) from data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or data queue). In some examples, transmitting processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for UE 120 based on one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 may process the data (e.g., including encoding the data) according to the MCS selected for UE 120 for transmission to UE 120 on the downlink, thereby generating data symbols. Transmitting processor 214 may process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and / or control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmitting processor 214 can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), or channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS)) and / or synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)).

[0070] The TX MIMO processor 216 can perform space processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols where applicable, and can output a set of symbol streams (e.g., TA set of output symbol streams is provided to modem 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a corresponding modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., modulate) the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a time-domain downlink signal. Modems 232a to 232t may transmit the set of downlink signals (e.g., [missing information]) together via a set of corresponding antennas 234. T (One downlink signal).

[0071] Downlink signals may include DCI communication, MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, RRC communication, downlink reference signals, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on the PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. Downlink signals may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a data unit transmitted via the air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (e.g., from data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission via the air interface. The number of TBs used to carry data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size shared by multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on the radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used to encode the data, downlink resources allocated for transmitting data, and / or other parameters, or otherwise associated with them. Generally, a larger TB size allows for a larger amount of data to be transmitted in a single transmission, reducing signaling overhead. However, a larger TB size may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than a smaller TB size, but such errors can be mitigated through more robust error correction techniques.

[0072] For uplink communication from UE 120 to network node 110, the uplink signal from UE 120 may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., demodulator component of modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected where applicable by MIMO detector 236 (e.g., receive (Rx) MIMO processor), and / or further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to processors such as controller / processor 240.

[0073] Network node 110 may use scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some aspects, scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to and / or UL transmissions from UE 120. In some examples, scheduler 246 may allocate repetitive time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources that UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communication using RRC configuration (e.g., semi-static configuration), for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure configuration grant (CG) for UE 120.

[0074] One or more of the following may be included in the RF chain of network node 110: transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. The RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and / or other devices for converting analog signals (such as those used for transmission or reception via an air interface) to digital signals (such as those used for processing by one or more processors of network node 110). In some aspects, the RF chain may be a transceiver of network node 110, or may be included in such a transceiver.

[0075] In some examples, network node 110 may use communication unit 244 to communicate with the core network and / or other network nodes. Communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, fiber optic, Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), and / or wired or wireless backhaul, etc. Network node 110 may use communication unit 244 to send and / or receive data associated with UE 120, or to perform network control signaling, etc. Communication unit 244 may include transceivers and / or interfaces, such as network interfaces.

[0076] UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r, where r ≥ 1), a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a to 254u, where u ≥ 1), a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, etc. One or more components of UE 120 may be included in housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, or TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver included in UE 120. The transceiver may be under the control of and used by one or more processors (such as controller / processor 280), and in some respects, may perform aspects of the methods, procedures, or operations described herein in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in memory 282. In some respects, UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with network node 110 and / or another UE 120.

[0077] For downlink communication from network node 110 to UE 120, the set of antennas 252 can receive downlink communication or signals from network node 110, and can transmit the set of received downlink signals (e.g., R Each received signal is provided to a set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a corresponding demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each modem 254 may use the corresponding demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain a received symbol. MIMO detector 256 may obtain the received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and may provide the detected symbols. Receiver processor 258 may process (e.g., decode) the detected symbols, may provide the decoded data for UE 120 to data sink 260 (which may include data pipelines, data queues, and / or applications executed on UE 120), and may provide the decoded control information and system information to controller / processor 280.

[0078] For uplink communication from UE 120 to network node 110, the transmitting processor 264 may receive and process data (“uplink data”) from data source 262 (such as data pipelines, data queues, and / or applications running on UE 120) and control information from controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receiving processor 258 and / or controller / processor 280 may determine one or more parameters related to the transmission of uplink communication for received signals (such as those received from network node 110 or another UE). These one or more parameters may include a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) parameter, a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameter, a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) parameter, a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) parameter, or a Transmit Power Control (TPC) parameter, etc. The control information may include indications of the RSRP parameter, RSSI parameter, RSRQ parameter, CQI parameter, TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. Control information can facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for UE 120 by network node 110.

[0079] Transmit processor 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as uplink DMRS, uplink SRS, and / or another type of reference signal. Symbols from transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by TX MIMO processor 266 where applicable, and further processed by an assembly of modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM). TX MIMO processor 266 can (where applicable) perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, and can provide an output symbol stream set (e.g., ...) to the assembly of modems 254. U Each output symbol stream may be provided to a corresponding modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., modulate) the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.

[0080] Modems 254a to 254u can transmit uplink signal sets (e.g., via a set of corresponding antennas 252) R One uplink signal or UUplink signals may include UCI communication, MAC-CE communication, RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on PUSCH, PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. Uplink signals may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmission (i.e., transmissions made directly between two or more UEs 120) may typically use techniques similar to those described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and / or Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH).

[0081] One or more antennas in the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc., or may be included in one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or with one or more transmitting or receiving components (such as...) Figure 2 An antenna module is a combination of one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more components. As used herein, "antenna" can mean one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more collections of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. "Antenna panel" can mean a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel that can facilitate beamforming by manipulating the parameters of that group of antennas. "Antenna module" can mean a circuit that includes one or more antennas, and may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.

[0082] In some examples, each antenna element of antenna 234 or antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element, which can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. Antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. The spacing between antenna elements can allow signals with a desired wavelength transmitted individually by the antenna elements to interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam) in various directions. For example, given a desired wavelength or frequency range, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, half a wavelength, or another fraction of the wavelength between adjacent antenna elements to allow desired constructive and destructive interference modes of signals transmitted by individual antenna elements within that desired range.

[0083] The amplitude and / or phase of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements can be modulated and (e.g., by manipulating phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes) shifted relative to each other to generate one or more beams; this is known as beamforming. The term "beam" can refer to the directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. "Beam" can also generally refer to the direction associated with such directional signal transmission, the set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (e.g., angle of arrival, horizontal direction, and / or vertical direction), and / or a set of parameters indicating one or more aspects of the directional signal, the direction associated with the signal, and / or the set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements can be individually selected or deselected for the directional transmission of a signal (or multiple signals) by controlling the amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or the phase of the signal to form one or more beams. The shape of the beam (such as amplitude, width, and / or the presence of sidelobes) and / or the direction of the beam (such as the angle of the beam relative to the surface of the antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of multiple signals relative to each other.

[0084] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or different numbers of antenna elements. As another example, network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or different numbers of antenna elements. Generally speaking, a larger number of antenna elements provides increased control over the parameters used for beamforming compared to a smaller number of antenna elements, while a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and can use less power. Multiple antenna elements can support multi-layer transmission, in which the same time and frequency resources are used to utilize spatial multiplexing to transmit a first layer of communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of communication (which may include a second data stream).

[0085] As indicated above, Figure 2 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0086] Figure 3 This is an illustration of an example decomposed base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. One or more components of the example decomposed base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such as one or more network nodes 110). The decomposed base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310, which may communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link, or may communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more decomposed control units (such as non-RT RIC 350 and / or near-RT RIC 370 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 360 (e.g., via an E2 link). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DU 330 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as via an F1 interface). Each DU 330 may communicate with one or more RU 340 via a corresponding fronthaul link. Each RU 340 may communicate with one or more UE 120 via a corresponding RF access link. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RU 340s.

[0087] Each of the components of the decomposed base station architecture 300 (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, near-RT RIC 370, non-RT RIC 350, and SMO frame 360) may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled to one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via wired or wireless transmission media.

[0088] In some respects, the CU 310 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 310 can be deployed to communicate with one or more DU 330s for network control and signaling, as needed. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 340s. For example, the DU 330 may host various layers, such as the RLC layer, MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers (such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers). Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) can be implemented using an interface for signaling to other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for signaling to control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower-layer functionality. In some respects, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of communication with the control plane and user plane of the RU 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.

[0089] The SMO framework 360 supports RAN deployment and provisioning for both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 360 supports the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 360 can interact with cloud computing platforms such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 350, and / or near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO framework 360 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, 5G NR RAN, and / or 6G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 380) via the O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO framework 360 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via the corresponding O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration enables each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0090] The non-RT RIC 350 may include or implement logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows for model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the near-RT RIC 370. The non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 370, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 370 may include or implement logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, through data collection and actions, connecting one or more CU 310s, one or more DU 330s, and / or O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 370.

[0091] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 370, the non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 370 and can be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 360 or the non-RT RIC 350. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 350 or near-RT RIC 370 can modulate RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 350 can monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and can employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0092] Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 Network node 110, its controller / processor 240, UE 120, UE 120's controller / processor 280, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, or any other component may implement one or more techniques associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection, or perform one or more operations associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, network node 110's controller / processor 240, UE 120's controller / processor 280, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, or any other component may implement one or more techniques associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection, or perform one or more operations associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection. Figure 2 Any other component, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340 may (alone or in combination with one or more other processors) perform or direct, for example... Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12The operation of process 1200 or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 may store data and program code for network node 110, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340. Memory 282 may store data and program code for UE 120. In some examples, memory 242 or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instruction sets (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. Memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same or different types). Memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same or different types). For example, the instruction set may be made to be executed by one or more processors of network node 110, UE 120, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, transformation, or interpretation). Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 The process 1200 or other processes as described herein. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions, and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0093] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., network node 110b) includes: components for receiving configurations of a codebook associated with a RIS mode from a network entity; components for receiving indications from the network entity, at least in part, of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes; and / or components for performing RIS failure mitigation, at least in part, based on the indications. Components for the network node to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: a communication manager 150, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, a modem 232, an antenna 234, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, or a scheduler 246.

[0094] In some aspects, the network entity (e.g., network node 110a) includes: components for identifying a first network node to transmit pilot signals; components for identifying a second network node to receive pilot signals and calculating measurement reports based at least in part on the pilot signals, wherein the second network node is along a specular reflection / refraction direction; components for sending a configuration to the RIS controller for applying RIS modes from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule; components for receiving measurement reports from the second network node; and / or components for sending an updated codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the updated codebook is based at least in part on the measurement reports. In some aspects, the components for the network entity to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of a communication manager 140, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, a modem 232, an antenna 234, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, or a scheduler 246.

[0095] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0096] A RIS can be a network element used to extend NR coverage with negligible power consumption. A RIS can be a mirror-shaped near-passive device. A RIS can include horizontally oriented... X Components and vertical direction Y Components. In other words, RIS can include... X take Y Each element can reflect a waveform incident on its surface. The waveform can be transmitted by a network node or a UE. Each element can reflect the waveform at least partially based on a reflection coefficient, such that the waveform can be reflected in one direction. The waveform impacting the element can be the incident waveform, and the waveform reflected from the element can be the reflected waveform. The direction in which the waveform is reflected can be a function of the reflection coefficient and / or phase associated with the element reflecting the waveform.

[0097] The direction in which the waveform is reflected or refracted, or the direction of reflection or refraction, can be controlled by the network node. For example, the network node can send an indication of the direction of reflection or refraction to the RIS controller associated with the RIS. The indication of the direction of reflection or refraction can indicate the reflection or refraction coefficient and / or phase of each element associated with the RIS. The RIS controller can adjust the reflection or refraction coefficient and / or phase of each element, at least in part, based on the indication received from the network node.

[0098] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating example 400 of the RIS according to this disclosure.

[0099] As shown by reference numeral 402 in the attached figure, a first network node can send a first downlink transmission to a first UE (UE1). A second network node can send a second downlink transmission to a second UE (UE2). The first UE and the second UE may be separated by obstructions. Therefore, downlink transmissions from the first network node may not be received by the second UE, and downlink transmissions from the second network node may not be received by the first UE.

[0100] As shown by reference numeral 404 in the attached figure, the RIS can be employed near obstructions. The first network node can send a first downlink transmission to the first UE and a second downlink transmission to the RIS. The RIS may include multiple elements that reflect the second downlink transmission in the direction toward the second UE. Therefore, even if there is an obstruction between the first network node and the second UE, the first network node can effectively perform downlink transmissions to the second UE via the RIS.

[0101] As indicated above, Figure 4 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0102] A RIS can be a low-cost array of tunable elements (also referred to herein as RIS elements) that can achieve anomalous reflection / refraction via appropriate configuration of phase shifts. The phase shift can be assigned to the elements by their respective incident signals. Each tunable element can be configured to apply a phase shift to its corresponding incident signal and achieve anomalous reflection / refraction. However, the low-cost elements at the RIS may be prone to failure due to aging or environmental changes. Controllable phase shifts may not be achievable via failed elements; they may simply act as passive reflectors. When an element fails, it may get stuck at a certain phase response regardless of the input applied to it. Over time, a certain number of elements at the RIS may fail. For example, a RIS may have thousands of tunable diodes, and a subset of these diodes may fail, but the failure may not be critical enough to replace the RIS. Failed elements may act as uncontrollable passive reflectors.

[0103] For example, a RIS can include a large number of low-cost tunable components. A 0.48m × 0.48m RIS (dual-polarized, 2 bits per polarization control) can have more than 36,000 PIN diodes. Some of these components may fail (e.g., act as uncontrollable passive reflectors).

[0104] Mitigating the impact of such faults can be important to preserving meaningful RIS enablement gains. In the presence of these faults, the network entity managing the RIS must also update the codebook used to implement anomalous reflections / refractions. The codebook may need to be matched with the set of controllable components. Furthermore, when matching codebooks, significant destructive combinations of signals reflected / refractive from controllable components and faulty components (e.g., uncontrollable components) should be avoided. The fault mitigation process should be efficient and effective because the number of components at the RIS may be relatively large, and the network may not be able to directly test component faults.

[0105] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating example 500 of the normal operation of a RIS element according to this disclosure.

[0106] like Figure 5 As shown, network nodes can be associated with the main lobe, which can be directed toward the RIS. In this scenario, the RIS can include non-faulty components. The network node can transmit a targeted incident signal, which can be reflected by the RIS according to a reflected beam pattern. Because the RIS is associated with non-faulty components, relatively high gain along the desired direction at the operating frequency can be achieved, which may be beneficial for communication and sensing.

[0107] As indicated above, Figure 5 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0108] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating example 600 of the operation of a faulty RIS element according to this disclosure.

[0109] like Figure 6 As shown, network nodes can be associated with a main lobe, which can be directed toward the RIS. In this case, the RIS can include faulty elements. For example, an array of RIS can include faulty elements (or elements with faults). The faulty elements can reflect / refract with an arbitrary but fixed phase shift, which can be the same on all their control inputs. The network node can transmit a target incident signal that can be reflected by the RIS according to a reflection beam pattern. Because the RIS is associated with faulty elements, the effective reflection beam gain in the desired direction may be reduced due to the destructive combination with reflection lobes from the set of faulty elements.

[0110] As indicated above, Figure 6 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0111] The codebook can involve setting specific voltages to each element in the RIS, causing that element to produce a phase response or phase shift that redirects a signal in a desired direction. Regardless of the control input applied to the faulty element, it may get stuck at a specific response. When this occurs, the RIS controller may be unaware of the fault. The RIS controller may be able to change the values, but may not have the ability to determine which elements have failed. Due to the fault, incident signals falling on a set of elements may be reflected in some uncontrollable way. The faulty element may reflect in a mirror-like manner toward a specific direction beyond the control of the RIS controller.

[0112] In some cases, reflections from faulty components and reflections from controlled components can combine cancelably. The RIS mode can be initially configured to reflect in a certain direction, allowing voltages to be set to all components in a specific way. During normal operation, components can generate certain phase shifts, causing signals to reflect in a direction of interest. When some components function correctly, but a significant number are faulty components that do not respond to control inputs, reflections may combine cancelably, potentially negatively impacting gain. Therefore, when faulty components are not properly addressed, the gain achieved by the UE can be negatively affected, thus degrading overall performance.

[0113] In various aspects of the techniques and apparatus described herein, a network node can receive from a network entity a configuration of a codebook associated with a RIS mode. The network node can receive from the network entity, at least in part, indications of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes. When potentially associated with a RIS element failure, the codebook may be more likely (e.g., exceeding a threshold) to have transmissions using that codebook affected by the RIS element failure, where the RIS element failure can be common (e.g., highest percentage) RIS element failures. The network node can perform RIS failure mitigation at least in part based on the indications. RIS failure mitigation may involve providing the RIS controller with an indication to the RIS controller to use a common phase offset on codewords susceptible to RIS element failures. RIS failure mitigation may involve providing the RIS controller with an indication to the RIS controller to use codewords from an accompanying codebook instead of codewords susceptible to RIS element failures. RIS failure mitigation may involve providing the RIS controller with an indication to the RIS controller to use a specific element switching mode and a corresponding accompanying codebook or common phase offset, which is applied to codewords susceptible to RIS element failures.

[0114] In some aspects, the network entity can identify a first network node to transmit a pilot signal. The network entity can identify a second network node to receive the pilot signal and calculate a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal, wherein the second network node is along the specular reflection / refraction direction. The network entity can send a configuration to the RIS controller for applying RIS modes from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule. The network entity can receive measurement reports from the second network node. The network entity can send an updated codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the updated codebook can be based at least in part on the measurement reports.

[0115] In some aspects, effective fault impact mitigation and efficient component fault detection can be achieved. A RIS (Codebook) update can be proposed that ensures the avoidance of destructive combinations of signals reflected / refracted separately from controllable and faulty components along the target reflection / refraction direction, without explicitly estimating the fault set. Such destructive combinations of signals result in a gain reduction, which can be avoided through fault impact mitigation and component fault detection. A RIS (Codebook) update can also be proposed that enables the indication of target reflection / refraction directions that are particularly sensitive to such destructive combinations (in the absence of any mitigation). In some aspects, suitable triggering conditions can be identified under which network entities can configure an OTA (Over-The-Air) fault detection phase. The output of the fault detection phase can be an estimate of the faulty component, which can then be used to adapt the codebook. Codebook adaptation can be used to avoid destructive combinations of signals, leading to improved gain and improved overall system performance.

[0116] Given knowledge of a set of faulty components, the codebook can be adjusted (RIS mode). However, this approach may not involve adaptive components in situations where the set of faulty components is unknown, mitigation is based on a common phase or adjoint set scan, and effective detection signaling is used to implement the faulty components. Furthermore, the RIS codebook can be calibrated, where it can be updated to match the drift of the reflection coefficients of the RIS components (e.g., the assigned phase shift). In this scenario, the components may still respond to their control inputs, but their responses may have changed. The codebook update can follow an explicit estimate of the phase drift, which can be triggered by some condition.

[0117] In some respects, a faulty element may not respond to a control input, allowing each element to have an arbitrary but fixed response to any control input. In this case, the codebook can be updated without explicit detection of the faulty element. The RIS controller may not have the ability to explicitly determine whether a particular element has failed. Furthermore, signaling for effectively detecting faulty elements and triggering conditions can be defined. The fault detection codebook and triggering conditions used during fault detection may differ from those used for recalibration.

[0118] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating example 700 associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection according to this disclosure. Figure 7 As shown, Example 700 includes communication between network nodes (e.g., network node 110b, such as a gNB or TRP), network entities (e.g., network node 110a), RIS controllers (e.g., RIS controller 122), and receivers (e.g., UE 120). In some aspects, the network entities, network nodes, RIS controllers, and receivers may be included in a wireless network (such as wireless network 100). The RIS controller may be associated with a RIS.

[0119] As shown by reference numeral 702 in the attached figure, a network node can receive a configuration of a codebook associated with the RIS mode from a network entity. The network entity can configure a network node with a codebook including the RIS mode, the network node being designed to use RIS to serve some of its users. The codebook can be customized for the target incident direction, a set of target reflection or refraction directions, and / or a set of distances along the target reflection or refraction directions.

[0120] In some aspects, network entities can be configured with codebooks including RIS modes for network nodes, where network nodes may be intended to use RIS to serve some of their users. The codebook can be customized for the target incident direction. The codebook can be customized for a set of target reflection / refraction directions. The codebook can be customized for a set of distances along those directions. The codebook can include multiple codewords. The primary function of a codeword can be to reflect / refract a signal from the incident direction to a specific directional direction.

[0121] As shown by reference numeral 704 in the attached figure, a network node may receive from a network entity an indication of codewords in a codebook potentially associated with RIS element failure, based at least in part on one or more RIS attributes. When potentially associated with RIS element failure, the codebook may be more likely (e.g., exceeding a threshold) to have transmissions using that codebook affected by the RIS element failure. The codebook may not necessarily be affected by the RIS element failure, but may have a higher probability of being affected by the RIS element failure, at least in part, based on one or more RIS attributes. The codebook may be susceptible to the RIS element failure, but may not be susceptible to the codebook that caused the RIS element failure. The RIS element failure may be a common (e.g., highest percentage) RIS element failure. One or more RIS attributes may include the array size associated with the RIS, the inter-element spacing associated with the RIS, and / or the reflection / refraction coefficient alphabet associated with the RIS.

[0122] In some respects, network entities can determine, at least in part, which codewords are potentially associated with RIS element failure based on one or more RIS attributes, and the network entity can then indicate such codewords to network nodes. One or more RIS attributes may include array size, inter-element spacing, and / or a reflectance / refraction coefficient alphabet. For example, a network entity can determine that a particular codeword associated with a specific array size may potentially be associated with RIS element failure. In other words, a codeword with a specific array size may be more susceptible to RIS element failure compared to other codewords with other array sizes. As another example, a network entity can determine that a particular codeword associated with a specific inter-element spacing may potentially be associated with RIS element failure. In other words, a codeword with a specific inter-element spacing may be more susceptible to RIS element failure compared to other codewords with other inter-element spacings. The network entity may be aware of one or more RIS attributes, which may not necessarily be known to the network nodes. Because network nodes may not be able to determine which codewords are potentially associated with RIS element failure, the network entity can perform the determination and then provide indication to the network nodes.

[0123] In some aspects, in vulnerability set identification / indication, network entities can identify sets of codewords in the codebook that are "vulnerable" (e.g., susceptible to RIS component failures), and network entities can indicate those codewords to network nodes. These codewords can be marked as relatively more susceptible to component failures compared to other codewords in the codebook. Certain RIS properties (e.g., array size, inter-component spacing, and / or reflection / refractive index alphabet) may affect whether a codeword is relatively more sensitive or less sensitive to RIS component failures. Depending on the RIS construction (e.g., spacing between different components), certain directions may be considered vulnerable. A "vulnerable" codeword (or vulnerable RIS codeword) can be a codeword that is relatively more susceptible to component failures compared to other non-vulnerable codewords. A "vulnerable" codeword can be a codeword associated with certain RIS properties that make it considered vulnerable. A non-vulnerable codeword can be a codeword associated with certain RIS properties that make it considered non-vulnerable. A codebook and some information about each codeword in the codebook (e.g., the pointing direction associated with the codeword) can be given to a network node attempting to use RIS, but the network node may not store information about RIS properties in any other way.

[0124] In some respects, network entities can provide network nodes with indications of vulnerable codewords. This indication may include flags to indicate which codewords are particularly vulnerable or sensitive to component failure. For example, codewords corresponding to certain orientations (e.g., 20 degrees or 60 degrees) may be considered vulnerable. Therefore, network nodes (or any components controlling the RIS) can know which codewords are considered vulnerable. When some components in the RIS fail, those specific codewords may be more affected compared to other non-vulnerable codewords.

[0125] As indicated by reference numeral 706 in the attached figure, network entities can perform RIS fault mitigation at least in part based on instructions. RIS fault mitigation can be based at least in part on fault mitigation based on common phase selection, fault mitigation based on accompanying set scanning, or active fault mitigation via RIS element switching. RIS fault mitigation can be performed to ensure the avoidance of destructive combinations of signals reflected / refracted from controllable and faulty elements along the target reflection / refraction direction, respectively.

[0126] In some respects, when performing RIS fault mitigation, network nodes can use the same transmit power and the same transmit beam to transmit. M There are repeated reference signals, among which M It is the size of a subset of the RIS reflectance / refractive index alphabet. The scan can span... M Each mode and cross M One repeat. In the scan. M A given pattern in the pattern can be a codeword susceptible to RIS element failure multiplied by the phase of the RIS reflection / refraction coefficients from a subset applied as a common phase offset. A given pattern can be applied to multiple elements of the RIS. A network node can receive measurement reports from the receiver indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected / refracted by the RIS. The network node can send an indication to the RIS controller of the common phase offset to be used by the RIS on the codeword, where the common phase offset can be at least partially based on the measurement reports. RIS fault mitigation can be event-triggered, and an event can occur when the received power of the codeword used drops below a threshold.

[0127] In some aspects of common phase selection-based fault mitigation, network entities can identify a codebook and a set of codewords within that codebook that are considered vulnerable. The network entity can then indicate the codebook and vulnerable codewords to network nodes (or RIS mobile terminals (RIS-MT)). Vulnerable codewords may be relatively more susceptible to component failures.

[0128] In some respects, when a network node intends to use a vulnerable codeword, as instructed by a network entity, the network node can send... MA repeating reference signal, such as a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) with the same power and TX beam, wherein... M This can be the size of a subset of the RIS reflection / refractive coefficient alphabet, where this subset can be configured by the network entity for network nodes (or RIS-MT). (Cross) M A repeat, RIS can scan M The pattern, in which the first... m The pattern is the fragile codeword multiplied by the first value from the subset. m A subset of possible RIS reflection / refractive coefficient phases is applied as a common phase offset, which can be applied to all elements. For example, a RIS controller can apply a common phase offset over the coefficients of the corresponding mode (or codeword) entry to all RIS elements (e.g., via an appropriate control voltage), but the common phase offset may only be applied to the set of active (non-faulty) elements. Each faulty element can be reflected with some unknown, arbitrary, and fixed phase.

[0129] In some respects, for each network node's transmitted and RIS reflected / refracted CSI-RS, the receiver (such as the UE) can use its RX beam to measure the received power. The receiver can report the best RSRP measurement from the RSRP measurement set to the network node, or alternatively, report the previous... S A optimal RSRP measurement and associated index. Network nodes can identify the common phase offset, at least in part, based on received feedback. In other words, based at least in part on the received feedback, network nodes can determine which common phase offset minimizes destructive combinations and / or ensures a certain level of constructive combinations. Network nodes can scan across different common phase offsets and then, at least in part based on receiver feedback, determine which common phase offset reduces destructive combinations relative to others. Network nodes can signal the RIS controller to use the common phase offset on the codeword (RIS mode). The common phase offset can be used to avoid destructive combinations of signals reflected / refracted from controllable and faulty components along the target reflection / refraction direction, respectively.

[0130] In some respects, the selection process based on common phase scanning can be determined by the network node and instructed to the RIS controller, for example, at least in part based on a trigger, such as the received power using the current codeword dropping below a threshold. The identification of the common phase offset can also be done at another network entity. In this case, the receiver can report the best indication (or previous indication) to another network node. S (Signal strength and index), and then the network node and / or RIS controller can be instructed to update the codeword or phase offset.

[0131] In some respects, when performing RIS fault mitigation, network nodes can use the same transmit power and the same transmit beam to transmit. K There are repeated reference signals, among which K This refers to the number of additional accompanying codewords. Scanning can span... K A given pattern in a scan can correspond to a companion codeword from a set of alternative companion codewords configured for codewords susceptible to RIS component failure. A given pattern can be applied to multiple components of the RIS. A network node can receive measurement reports from a receiver indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected / refracted by the RIS. The network node can send an indication to the RIS controller of a companion codeword selected from the set of alternative companion codewords, at least in part based on the measurement reports, where the companion codeword can be used by the RIS rather than a codeword susceptible to RIS component failure.

[0132] In some respects, when performing RIS fault mitigation, network nodes may receive from network entities an indication of a companion codeword selected from an alternative set of companion codewords, at least in part based on measurement reports, wherein the companion codeword may be used by the RIS rather than a codeword susceptible to RIS component failure.

[0133] In some aspects of fault mitigation based on adjoint set scanning, network entities can identify a codebook and a set of codewords within that codebook that are considered vulnerable. Vulnerable codewords may be relatively more susceptible to component failures. For each vulnerable codeword, the network entity can identify a set of alternative adjoint codewords.

[0134] In some respects, when a network node intends to use a vulnerable codeword, as instructed by the network entity, the network node can transmit with the same power and TX beam. K There are 10 repeated CSI-RS, of which K At most, it's the number of accompanying codewords that can be selected. RIS can span... K The pattern scan, where the first... k The pattern of the application is the first in the set of companions configured for fragile codewords. k There are several modes. The RIS controller can apply the corresponding mode (or codeword) entry coefficients to all RIS elements (e.g., via appropriate control voltage), but the corresponding mode (or codeword) entry coefficients can be applied only to the set of active (non-faulty) elements.

[0135] In some respects, for each network entity's transmitted and RIS-reflected / refracted CSI-RS, the receiver (such as the UE) can use its RX beam to measure the received power. The receiver can report the best RSRP measurement from the RSRP measurement set to the network node, or alternatively, report the previous... mA set of optimal RSRP measurements and associated indexes. Network nodes can identify the corresponding pattern from the accompaniment set, at least in part, based on received feedback. Network nodes can scan alternative accompaniment codeword sets and, at least in part, determine which accompaniment codeword should be used, based on receiver feedback. Network nodes can identify the corresponding pattern (some other codewords) from the accompaniment set, instead of the original vulnerable codeword, where the corresponding pattern can be used to avoid destructive combinations of signals reflected / refracted from controllable and faulty components along the target reflection / refraction direction, respectively. Network nodes can signal the RIS controller to use the pattern instead of the vulnerable codeword.

[0136] In some respects, the identification of the optimal accompanying codeword can be completed at the network entity. In this case, the receiver can report the optimal indication (or previous indication) to the network entity. m (Signal strength and index). The network entity may perform accompaniment codeword selection based at least in part on the reported feedback. The network entity may indicate the accompaniment codeword selection to the network nodes and / or the RIS controller. In some aspects, the scan process may be performed based at least in part on a triggering event. The network node may indicate to the RIS controller the initiation of the scan phase, as well as the associated subset to be used from the accompaniment set and the hop time schedule.

[0137] In some respects, fault mitigation based on common phase selection and fault mitigation based on accompaniment set scanning may not be able to explicitly identify a specific set of RIS components that have failed. In other words, fault mitigation can be performed and codewords can be updated without explicitly detecting the faulty components.

[0138] In some respects, when performing RIS fault mitigation, network nodes can receive a configuration for element switching scheduling from the network entity, where the configuration can indicate... L The time series of component switching modes, and each component switching mode can indicate which components of the RIS should be turned off or moved to a low-power consumption state, at least in part, based on RIS capability information. Network nodes can transmit using the same transmit power and the same transmit beam. J take L There are repeated reference signals, among which J This could be the number of alternative companion codewords in the alternative companion codeword set or the number of reflection / refraction coefficient phases. For L Each component switching mode in the component switching modes can be scanned across... JA given mode can correspond to an accompanying codeword in an alternative set of accompanying codewords configured for codewords susceptible to RIS component failure, or it can correspond to a given common phase offset multiplied by a codeword susceptible to RIS component failure. A given mode can be applied to multiple components of the RIS that are either not powered off or in a low-power consumption state. A network node can receive measurement reports from a receiver indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected / refracted by the RIS. The network node can send an indication to the RIS controller of a component switching mode selected at least in part based on the measurement reports, wherein the component switching mode will be used by the RIS together with the corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to a codeword susceptible to RIS component failure.

[0139] In some respects, when performing RIS fault mitigation, network nodes can receive from network entities an indication of a component switching mode selected at least in part based on measurement reports. The component switching mode can be used by the RIS along with a corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to codewords susceptible to RIS component faults.

[0140] In some aspects, in proactive fault mitigation via RIS element switching, network entities can identify and configure codebooks for network nodes and RIS-MT. Network entities can monitor certain triggering conditions indicating the presence of faulty elements on the RIS. Network entities can configure element (or subarray) switching scheduling for RIS-MT, which indicates… L The time series of each pattern. Each such pattern can indicate which RIS elements should be turned off (or moved to a minimum power consumption state) based at least in part on information about the RIS capabilities available to the network entities.

[0141] In some respects, when a network node intends to use a codeword and when a network entity has already indicated a scan for that codeword, the network node can use the same power and TX beam to transmit. J take L There are 10 repeated CSI-RS, of which J At most, it is the number of alternative accompanying codewords or the number of phases of the reflection or refraction coefficients configured. For L In each of the component switching modes, the RIS can span... J The pattern scan, where the first... j The pattern is the first in the set of accompaniments configured for this codeword. j The first mode, or the second jThe common phase is multiplied by the codeword, as indicated by the network entity. The RIS controller can apply the corresponding mode (or common phase time mode) entry coefficient to all RIS elements that are not turned off in the associated element switching mode, but the corresponding mode can be applied only to the set of active (non-faulty) elements that are not turned off.

[0142] In some respects, for each network node's transmitted and RIS-reflected / refracted CSI-RS, the receiver (such as the UE) can use its RX beam to measure the received power. The receiver can report to the network node. J take L RSRP measurements (or for some configurations) Q With corresponding index J take L The first RSRP measurement Q (Single RSRP measurement). The network node can determine a selection, such as the maximum RSRP measurement or an acceptable RSRP measurement within the margin of the maximum RSRP measurement, but with a maximum number of RIS components off or in a minimum power state. The network node can signal to the RIS controller an indication of the component switching mode and the corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to the original codeword. In some aspects, the identification of the overall suitable component switching mode can be completed at the network entity. In this case, the receiver can report the RSRP measurement to the network entity. The network entity can indicate the selection of the appropriate mode to the network node and / or the RIS controller.

[0143] In some respects, network nodes can shut down certain components (or subarrays of components, or one or more subpanels) based on a switching schedule. The RIS can begin scanning codewords covering the remainder of the RIS (e.g., sections of the RIS that have not yet been shut down). For example, the RIS may have four subpanels. The first subpanel can be shut down because a relatively large number of components in the first subpanel may have failed. The RIS can then scan codewords associated with the remaining three subpanels. In another example, the second subpanel can be shut down, and the RIS can scan codewords associated with the remaining three subpanels. The codebook can be actively adapted by shutting down certain components or subpanels, and based at least in part on receiver feedback, the network node can determine which component switching mode is optimal among the different possible component switching modes. In other words, the network node can determine which component switching mode results in the best RSRP measurement.

[0144] As indicated above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0145] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection according to this disclosure. (See diagram for example.) Figure 8 As shown, Example 800 includes communication between a network entity (e.g., network node 110a), a first network node (e.g., network node 110b, such as a gNB or TRP), a second network node (e.g., network node 110c, such as a gNB or TRP), and a RIS controller (e.g., RIS controller 122). In some aspects, the network entity, the first network node, the second network node, and the RIS controller may be included in a wireless network (such as wireless network 100).

[0146] As shown by reference numeral 802, a network entity can identify a first network node to transmit a pilot signal. As shown by reference numeral 804, a network entity can identify a second network node to receive a pilot signal and calculate a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal. The second network node can be along a specular reflection / refraction direction. As shown by reference numeral 806, a network entity can send a configuration to the RIS controller for applying a RIS mode from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule. As shown by reference numeral 808, the first network node can transmit a pilot signal, and the second network node can receive the pilot signal. The second network node can calculate a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal. As shown by reference numeral 810, a network entity can receive a measurement report from the second network node. The network entity can receive support information from the second network node along with the measurement report, wherein the support information can indicate the network node location and RIS orientation. As shown by reference numeral 812, a network entity can send an update codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook can be based at least in part on the measurement report.

[0147] In some aspects, the network entity may send configurations associated with time-frequency resources for transmitting pilot signals, time-frequency resources for receiving pilot signals, transmit beams for transmitting pilot signals, and / or receive beams for receiving pilot signals to the first and second network nodes. The network entity may receive RIS capability information and location information associated with the first and second network nodes.

[0148] In some respects, fault component detection for RIS can be based at least in part on measurement reports. Fault component detection can be based at least in part on one or more fault detection triggers. Fault detection can be triggered when the signal quality of abnormal reflections or specular reflections, as indicated by the measurement reports, meets one or more thresholds, or it can be triggered at least in part based on sensor information.

[0149] As indicated above, Figure 8 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 8 The examples described are different.

[0150] Figures 9A to 9D This is a diagram illustrating example 900 associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection according to this disclosure.

[0151] like Figure 9A As shown, in an OTA protocol for RIS component fault set detection, the network entity can identify a first TRP or a first UE as a partner TX (or partner TX node) that will transmit pilot signals. The network entity can identify a second TRP or a second UE as a partner RX (or partner RX node) that will receive reflected / refracted pilot signals and calculate measurement reports. The network entity can configure the RIS controller to apply RIS modes from a fault detection codebook according to a time schedule. The fault detection codebook can be a dedicated codebook for fault detection. Fault detection can be used to detect which components have failed.

[0152] like Figure 9B As shown, the partner TX can transmit pilot signals. The RIS can reflect the pilot signals, at least in part, based on the applied sequential time-varying RIS pattern. The RIS can reflect pilot signals according to the RIS pattern from the fault detection codebook. The partner RX can receive the pilot signals reflected / refracted by the RIS. The partner RX can use the observation of the received pilot signals to determine measurement reports.

[0153] like Figure 9C As shown, the partner RX can deliver measurement reports to network entities. The partner RX can deliver the measurement reports along with supporting information, such as information about node location and / or RIS orientation. The measurement reports can indicate which components are faulty and which are not.

[0154] like Figure 9D As shown, the network entity can update the codebook based at least in part on measurement reports. The network entity can also update the codebook based at least in part on explicit knowledge of faulty components. The network entity can deliver the updated codebook to network nodes and / or the RIS controller. In the case of an autonomous RIS controller, the set of faulty components can be determined by the network entity and delivered to the RIS controller. In this example, the set of faulty components can be known, and such information can be used to update the codebook.

[0155] As indicated above, Figures 9A to 9D This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figures 9A to 9D The examples described are different.

[0156] In some aspects, network entities can identify multiple partner RXs for a common partner TX for a RIS of interest. In each such partner RX-TX pair, the partner TX (TRP or UE) can transmit a pilot signal, and the partner RX (TRP or UE) can receive the pilot signal after it has been reflected / refracted by the RIS. The partner RX can calculate a measurement report based at least in part on the received pilot signal. The partner RX can be along the specular reflection / refraction direction. For each such partner RX-TX pair, the network entity can be configured to transmit pilot signals on it and collect time-frequency resources of received observations on it. For each such partner RX-TX pair, the network entity can configure the TX beam and RX beam for the partner TX and partner RX respectively.

[0157] In some aspects, fault detection triggering conditions can be defined. Network entities can be provided with RIS capabilities and support information associated with each partner RX-TX pair (e.g., the location of associated path loss for RSRP normalization). Network entities can compare received signal reports from different partner RX-TX pairs. Network entities can determine whether signal quality (such as signal strength) on abnormal reflection reports has degraded below a threshold, and / or whether the signal quality of specular reflections is relatively improved, in order to trigger fault detection.

[0158] In some aspects, alternative fault detection triggers can be defined. Sensor information from the RIS or Network Control Repetition (NCR) (e.g., current drawn from the array surface or power consumed) can be used to trigger fault detection. Such indications can be provided by the RIS or NCR Mobile Terminal (NCR-MT). Fault detection and associated measurements (or fault detection downtime) can be configured to be periodic or semi-persistent.

[0159] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection according to this disclosure.

[0160] like Figure 10 As shown, the partner TX can transmit a pilot signal, which can be reflected / refracted by the RIS. The first partner RX can be a specular reflection RX of the partner TX, which can be at least partially based on the position associated with the first partner RX. The second partner RX can be an anomalous reflection RX of the partner TX, which can be at least partially based on the position associated with the second partner RX.

[0161] As indicated above, Figure 10 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 10 The examples described are different.

[0162] Figure 11This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a network node or a device of a network node, according to this disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example in which a device or network node (e.g., network node 110b) performs operations associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection.

[0163] like Figure 11 As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include a configuration (box 1110) for receiving a codebook associated with the RIS mode from a network entity. For example, a network node (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The receiving component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306 depicted herein can receive configurations of the codebook associated with the RIS mode from the network entity, as described above.

[0164] like Figure 11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving, at least in part, an indication from a network entity of a codeword in the codebook potentially associated with a RIS element failure based on one or more RIS attributes (box 1120). For example, a network node (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The receiving component 1302 and / or communication manager 1306 depicted above can receive indications from network entities, at least in part, of codewords in the codebook that may be associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes, as described above.

[0165] like Figure 11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include: performing RIS fault mitigation at least in part based on instructions (box 1130). For example, network nodes (e.g., using...) Figure 13 The communication manager 1306 depicted in the text can perform RIS fault mitigation at least in part based on instructions, as described above.

[0166] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0167] In the first aspect, one or more RIS attributes include the array size associated with the RIS, the inter-element spacing associated with the RIS, or the alphabet of reflection or refraction coefficients associated with the RIS.

[0168] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the codebook is customized for one or more of the following: the target incident direction, the target reflection or refraction direction, or the set of distances along the target reflection or refraction direction.

[0169] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1100 includes: transmitting using the same transmission power and the same transmission beam. M There are repeated reference signals, among which M It is the size of a subset of the RIS reflectance or refractive index alphabet, scanned across M Each mode and cross M One repeat, in the scan M A given mode in the mode is a codeword multiplied by the phase of the RIS reflection or refraction coefficients from a subset that are applied as a common phase offset, and the given mode is applied to multiple elements of the RIS; receiving a measurement report from a receiver indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; and sending an indication to the RIS controller of a common phase offset to be used by the RIS on the codeword, wherein the common phase offset is at least partially based on the measurement report.

[0170] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, RIS fault mitigation is triggered by an event that occurs when the received power of the codeword drops below a threshold.

[0171] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, process 1100 includes: transmitting using the same transmission power and the same transmission beam. K There are repeated reference signals, among which K The number of accompanying codewords is selected separately, and the scanning span is... K A pattern, wherein a given pattern in the scan corresponds to an accompanying codeword in an alternative set of accompanying codewords configured for a codeword, and the given pattern is applied to multiple elements of the RIS; receiving a measurement report from a receiver indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; and sending an indication to the RIS controller of an accompanying codeword selected from the alternative set of accompanying codewords based at least in part on the measurement report, wherein the accompanying codeword will be used by the RIS instead of the codeword.

[0172] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, process 1100 includes receiving from a network entity an indication of a companion codeword selected from an alternative set of companion codewords based at least in part on a measurement report, wherein the companion codeword will be used by the RIS instead of a codeword.

[0173] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, process 1100 includes receiving configuration of element handover scheduling from a network entity, wherein the configuration indicates LThe time series of component switching modes, and each component switching mode is based at least in part on RIS capability information to indicate which components of the RIS should be turned off or moved to a low-power consumption state.

[0174] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, process 1100 includes: transmitting using the same transmission power and the same transmission beam. J take L There are repeated reference signals, among which J It refers to the number of alternative companion codewords in the alternative companion codeword set, or the number of reflection or refraction coefficient phases. The scan is for... L Each component switching mode in the component switching mode spans J A given mode in the scan corresponds to an accompanying codeword in an alternative set of accompanying codewords configured for a codeword, or a given mode corresponds to a given common phase offset multiplied by a codeword, and the given mode is applied to multiple elements of the RIS that are not turned off or in a low-power consumption state; receiving a measurement report from a receiver indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; and sending an indication to the RIS controller of an element switching mode selected at least in part based on the measurement report, wherein the element switching mode will be used by the RIS together with the corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to the codeword.

[0175] In the ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, process 1100 includes receiving from a network entity an indication of a component switching mode selected at least in part based on a measurement report, wherein the component switching mode will be used by RIS together with a corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to the codeword.

[0176] although Figure 11 An example box of process 1100 is shown, but in some respects, process 1100 may include... Figure 11 The boxes depicted herein are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1100 may be executed in parallel.

[0177] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1200 performed, for example, at a network entity or a device of a network entity according to this disclosure. Example process 1200 is an example in which a device or network entity (e.g., network node 110a) performs operations associated with RIS fault mitigation and / or detection.

[0178] like Figure 12As shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include identifying a first network node to transmit a pilot signal (box 1210). For example, a network entity (e.g., using...) Figure 14 The communication manager 1406 depicted herein can identify the first network node to send pilot signals, as described above.

[0179] like Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include identifying a second network node to receive a pilot signal and calculating a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal, wherein the second network node is along the specular reflection / refraction direction (box 1220). For example, network entities (e.g., using...) Figure 14 The communication manager 1406 depicted in the figure can identify a second network node to receive pilot signals and calculate measurement reports based at least in part on the pilot signals, wherein the second network node is along the specular reflection / refraction direction, as described above.

[0180] like Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include sending a configuration (box 1230) to the RIS controller for applying a RIS mode from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule. For example, network entities (e.g., using...) Figure 14 The transmitting component 1404 and / or communication manager 1406 depicted above can send a configuration to the RIS controller for applying the RIS mode from the dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule.

[0181] like Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving a measurement report from a second network node (box 1240). For example, a network entity (e.g., using...) Figure 14 The receiving component 1402 and / or communication manager 1406 described herein can receive measurement reports from the second network node, as described above.

[0182] like Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include sending an update codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook is at least partially based on measurement reports (box 1250). For example, network entities (e.g., using...) Figure 14 The transmitting component 1404 and / or communication manager 1406 described herein can send an update codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook is at least partially based on measurement reports, as described above.

[0183] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0184] In the first aspect, faulty component detection for RIS is at least partially based on measurement reports.

[0185] In a second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1200 includes receiving support information from a second network node along with a measurement report, wherein the support information indicates the network node location and RIS orientation.

[0186] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1200 includes sending to the first network node and the second network node a configuration associated with time-frequency resources for transmitting pilot signals, time-frequency resources for receiving pilot signals, a transmit beam for transmitting pilot signals, and a receive beam for receiving pilot signals, or receiving RIS capability information and location information associated with the first network node and the second network node.

[0187] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, fault element detection is at least partially based on one or more fault detection triggers, wherein fault detection is triggered when the signal quality of abnormal reflections or specular reflections, as indicated by a measurement report, meets one or more thresholds, or at least partially based on sensor information.

[0188] although Figure 12 An example box of process 1200 is shown, but in some respects, process 1200 may include... Figure 12 The boxes depicted in the text are compared to additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1200 may be executed in parallel.

[0189] Figure 13 This is a diagram of an example device 1300 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 1300 may be a network node, or a network node may include device 1300. In some aspects, device 1300 includes a receiving component 1302, a transmitting component 1304, and / or a communication manager 1306 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1306 is combined with... Figure 1 The described communication manager 150. As shown, device 1300 can communicate with another device 1308 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using receiving component 1302 and transmitting component 1304.

[0190] In some respects, device 1300 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figures 9A to 9Dand / or Figure 10 One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 11 The process 1100. In some respects, Figure 13 The illustrated device 1300 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described network node. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0191] Receiver 1302 may receive communications from device 1308, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1302 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1300. In some aspects, receiver 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1300. In some aspects, receiver 1302 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described network node may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, receiver component 1302 and / or transmitter component 1304 may include or be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to acquire and / or output signals for device 1300 via one or more communication links, such as backhaul links, midhaul links, and / or fronthaul links.

[0192] Transmitting component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1300 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1304 for transmission to device 1308. In some aspects, transmitting component 1304 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1308. In some aspects, transmitting component 1304 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described network node includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1304 may co-located with the receive component 1302 in one or more transceivers.

[0193] The communication manager 1306 may support the operation of the receiving component 1302 and / or the transmitting component 1304. For example, the communication manager 1306 may receive information associated with configuring the reception of communications by the receiving component 1302 and / or the transmission of communications by the transmitting component 1304. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1306 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1302 and / or the transmitting component 1304 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0194] The receiving component 1302 can receive a configuration of a codebook associated with a RIS mode from a network entity. The receiving component 1302 can receive indications from the network entity, at least in part, of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failures, based on one or more RIS attributes. The communication manager 1306 can perform RIS failure mitigation, at least in part, based on these indications.

[0195] Figure 13 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, they can exist in... Figure 13 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 13 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 13 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 The component collection (one or more components) shown can be executed as described by Figure 13 The other set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0196] Figure 14This is a diagram of an example device 1400 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Device 1400 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include device 1400. In some aspects, device 1400 includes a receiving component 1402, a transmitting component 1404, and / or a communication manager 1406 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, communication manager 1406 is combined with... Figure 1 The described communication manager 140. As shown, device 1400 can communicate with another device 1408 (such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, DU, RU or base station)) using receiving component 1402 and transmitting component 1404.

[0197] In some respects, device 1400 can be configured to perform the functions described herein. Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figures 9A to 9D and / or Figure 10 One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 12 The process is 1200. In some respects, Figure 14 The illustrated device 1400 and / or one or more components may include a combination Figure 2 One or more components of the described network entity. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 14 One or more components shown can be combined Figure 2 Implementation within one or more of the described components. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0198] Receiver 1402 may receive communications from device 1408, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. Receiver 1402 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1400. In some aspects, receiver 1402 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of device 1400. In some aspects, receiver 1402 may include combinations of... Figure 2The described network entity includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof.

[0199] Transmitting component 1404 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1408. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1400 may generate communications and provide the generated communications to transmitting component 1404 for transmission to device 1408. In some aspects, transmitting component 1404 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1408. In some aspects, transmitting component 1404 may include combinations of... Figure 2 The described network entity includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the transmit component 1404 may co-located with the receive component 1402 in one or more transceivers.

[0200] The communication manager 1406 may support the operation of the receiving component 1402 and / or the transmitting component 1404. For example, the communication manager 1406 may receive information associated with configuring the reception of communications by the receiving component 1402 and / or the transmission of communications by the transmitting component 1404. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1406 may generate control information and / or provide control information to the receiving component 1402 and / or the transmitting component 1404 to control the reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0201] Communication manager 1406 can identify a first network node to transmit pilot signals. Communication manager 1406 can identify a second network node to receive pilot signals and calculate measurement reports based at least in part on the pilot signals, wherein the second network node is along the specular reflection / refraction direction. Transmitting component 1404 can send a configuration to the RIS controller for applying RIS modes from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule. Receiving component 1402 can receive measurement reports from the second network node. Transmitting component 1404 can send an updated codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the updated codebook is based at least in part on the measurement reports.

[0202] The receiving component 1402 can receive support information along with a measurement report from the second network node, wherein the support information indicates the network node's location and RIS orientation. The transmitting component 1404 can transmit configurations associated with the first and second network nodes, including: time-frequency resources for transmitting pilot signals, time-frequency resources for receiving pilot signals, a transmit beam for transmitting pilot signals, and a receive beam for receiving pilot signals. The receiving component 1402 can receive RIS capability information and location information associated with the first and second network nodes.

[0203] Figure 14 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, they can exist in... Figure 14 The components shown are compared to additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 14 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 14 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 14 The component collection (one or more components) shown can be executed as described by Figure 14 The other set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0204] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure: Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: receiving from a network entity a configuration of a codebook associated with a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) mode; receiving from the network entity, at least in part, an indication of codewords in the codebook potentially associated with RIS element failure, based on one or more RIS attributes; and performing RIS failure mitigation, at least in part, based on the indication.

[0205] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the one or more RIS attributes include an array size associated with the RIS, an inter-element spacing associated with the RIS, or a reflection or refraction coefficient alphabet associated with the RIS.

[0206] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the codebook is customized for one or more of the following: the target incident direction, the set of target reflection or refraction directions, or the set of distances along the target reflection or refraction directions.

[0207] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further includes: transmitting using the same transmit power and the same transmit beam. M There are repeated reference signals, among which MIt is the size of a subset of the RIS reflectance or refractive index alphabet, scanned across M Each mode and cross M The repeat, the scan in the repeat M A given mode in the pattern is the codeword multiplied by the phase of the RIS reflection or refraction coefficient from the subset applied as a common phase offset, and the given mode is applied to multiple elements of the RIS; receiving a measurement report from a receiver indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; and sending an indication to the RIS controller of a common phase offset to be used by the RIS on the codeword, wherein the common phase offset is at least partially based on the measurement report.

[0208] Aspect 5: According to the method of aspect 4, wherein the RIS fault mitigation is triggered by an event, and the event occurs when the receive power using the codeword drops below a threshold.

[0209] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further includes: transmitting using the same transmit power and the same transmit beam. K There are repeated reference signals, among which K The number of accompanying codewords is selected separately, and the scanning span is... K A given pattern in the scan corresponds to an accompanying codeword in an alternative set of accompanying codewords configured for the codeword, and the given pattern is applied to multiple elements of the RIS; receiving a measurement report from a receiver, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; and sending an indication to the RIS controller of an accompanying codeword selected from the alternative set of accompanying codewords based at least in part on the measurement report, wherein the accompanying codeword will be used by the RIS instead of the codeword.

[0210] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further comprises: receiving from the network entity an indication of a companion codeword selected from an alternative set of companion codewords based at least in part on a measurement report, wherein the companion codeword will be used by the RIS instead of the codeword.

[0211] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further includes: receiving a configuration for element switching scheduling from the network entity, wherein the configuration indicates L The time series of component switching modes, and each component switching mode is based at least in part on RIS capability information to indicate which components of the RIS should be turned off or moved to a low-power consumption state.

[0212] Aspect 9: According to the method of aspect 8, performing the RIS fault mitigation further includes: transmitting using the same transmit power and the same transmit beam. J take L There are repeated reference signals, among which J It is the number of alternative companion codewords in the alternative companion codeword set or the number of reflection or refraction coefficient phases, and the scan spans the... L Each component switching mode in the component switching modes J A given mode in the scan corresponds to a companion codeword in the alternative set of companion codewords configured for the codeword, or the given mode corresponds to a given common phase offset multiplied by the codeword, and the given mode is applied to multiple elements in the RIS that are not turned off or are in the low power consumption state; receiving a measurement report from a receiver, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; and sending an indication to the RIS controller of an element switching mode selected at least in part based on the measurement report, wherein the element switching mode will be used by the RIS together with the corresponding companion codeword or a common phase offset applied to the codeword.

[0213] Aspect 10: The method according to aspect 9, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further includes: receiving from the network entity an indication of a component switching mode selected at least in part based on a measurement report, wherein the component switching mode will be used by the RIS together with a corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to the codeword.

[0214] Aspect 11: A method for wireless communication performed by a network entity, the method comprising: identifying a first network node to transmit a pilot signal; identifying a second network node to receive the pilot signal and calculating a measurement report based at least in part on the pilot signal; sending a configuration to a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) controller for applying a RIS mode from a dedicated fault element detection codebook according to a time schedule; receiving the measurement report from the second network node; and sending an update codebook to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook is based at least in part on the measurement report.

[0215] Aspect 12: The method according to aspect 11, wherein the detection of faulty components for the RIS is based at least in part on the measurement report.

[0216] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 12, the method further comprising: receiving support information from the second network node together with the measurement report, wherein the support information indicates the network node location and RIS orientation.

[0217] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 13, the method further comprising: sending to the first network node and the second network node configurations associated with: time-frequency resources for transmitting the pilot signal, time-frequency resources for receiving the pilot signal, a transmit beam for transmitting the pilot signal, and a receive beam for receiving the pilot signal; or receiving RIS capability information and location information associated with the first network node and the second network node.

[0218] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 14, wherein fault element detection is at least partially based on one or more fault detection triggers, wherein the fault detection is triggered when the signal quality of abnormal reflections or specular reflections, as indicated by the measurement report, meets one or more thresholds, or the fault detection is triggered at least partially based on sensor information.

[0219] Aspect 16: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 10.

[0220] Aspect 17: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 10.

[0221] Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 10.

[0222] Aspect 19: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 10.

[0223] Aspect 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 10.

[0224] Aspect 21: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 10.

[0225] Aspect 22: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 10.

[0226] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 11 to 15.

[0227] Aspect 24: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 11 to 15.

[0228] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 11 to 15.

[0229] Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 11 to 15.

[0230] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 11 to 15.

[0231] Aspect 28: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 11 to 15.

[0232] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 11 to 15.

[0233] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from various forms of practice.

[0234] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. "Software" should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable programs, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other terms. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems or methods described herein may be implemented in various forms of hardware or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limited in any way. Therefore, the operation and behavior of these systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems or methods, at least in part, based on the description herein. Unless otherwise stated, a component configured to perform a function means that the component has the capability to perform that function, but it is not necessary for the component to actually perform that function.

[0235] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0236] As used in this article, the phrase “at least one of the items” in a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0237] No element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as essential or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” Similarly, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “the” and is used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “collection” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” If only one item is desired, the phrase “only one” or similar terminology will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “having” and similar terms are intended as open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., “having” A may also have B). Additionally, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise related to” unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used consecutively and is interchangeable with “and / or” unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with “either of the two” or “only one of them”). It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one”.

[0238] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims or disclosed in the description, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically stated in the claims or disclosed in the description. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the claim set.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to enable the network node to: Receive configurations from network entities for the codebook associated with the Reconfigurable Smart Surface (RIS) mode; The network entity receives indications from the network entity of codewords in the codebook that are potentially associated with RIS element failures, based at least in part on one or more RIS attributes. as well as RIS fault mitigation is performed at least in part based on the aforementioned instructions.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more RIS attributes include an array size associated with the RIS, an element spacing associated with the RIS, or a reflection or refraction coefficient alphabet associated with the RIS.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the codebook is customized for one or more of the following: the target incident direction, the set of target reflection or refraction directions, or the set of distances along the target reflection or refraction directions.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors used to perform the RIS fault mitigation are individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: Use the same transmission power and the same transmission beam to transmit. M There are repeated reference signals, among which M It is the size of a subset of the RIS reflectance or refractive index alphabet, scanned across M Each mode and cross M The repeat, the scan in the repeat M A given pattern in the pattern is the codeword multiplied by the phase of the RIS reflection or refraction coefficient from the subset, which is applied as a common phase offset, and the given pattern is applied to multiple elements of the RIS. Receive a measurement report from the receiver, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; as well as Send an indication to the RIS controller of a common phase offset to be used by the RIS on the codeword, wherein the common phase offset is based at least in part on the measurement report.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the RIS fault mitigation is triggered by an event, and the event occurs when the receive power using the codeword drops below a threshold.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors used to perform the RIS fault mitigation are individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: Use the same transmission power and the same transmission beam to transmit. K There are repeated reference signals, among which K The number of accompanying codewords is selected separately, and the scanning span is... K A given pattern in the scan corresponds to an accompanying codeword in an alternative set of accompanying codewords configured for the codeword, and the given pattern is applied to multiple elements of the RIS; Receive a measurement report from the receiver, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; as well as Send an instruction to the RIS controller for a companion codeword selected from the alternative companion codeword set based at least in part on the measurement report, wherein the companion codeword will be used by the RIS instead of the codeword.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors used to perform the RIS fault mitigation are individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: The network entity receives an indication of a companion codeword selected from an alternative set of companion codewords, at least in part based on a measurement report, wherein the companion codeword will be used by the RIS instead of the codeword itself.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors used to perform the RIS fault mitigation are individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: Receive a configuration for element switching scheduling from the network entity, wherein the configuration indicates L The time series of component switching modes, and each component switching mode is based at least in part on RIS capability information to indicate which components of the RIS should be turned off or moved to a low-power consumption state.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors used to perform the RIS fault mitigation are individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: Use the same transmission power and the same transmission beam to transmit. J take L There are repeated reference signals, among which J It is the number of alternative companion codewords in the alternative companion codeword set or the number of reflection or refraction coefficient phases, and the scan spans the... L Each component switching mode in the component switching modes J A given pattern in the scan corresponds to an accompanying codeword in the alternative set of accompanying codewords configured for the codeword, or the given pattern corresponds to a given common phase offset multiplied by the codeword, and the given pattern is applied to multiple elements in the RIS that are not turned off or are in the low power consumption state. Receive a measurement report from the receiver, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; as well as Send an indication to the RIS controller of a component switching mode selected at least in part based on the measurement report, wherein the component switching mode will be used by the RIS together with a corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to the codeword.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors used to perform the RIS fault mitigation are individually or collectively configured to cause the network node to: The network entity receives an indication of a component switching mode selected at least in part based on a measurement report, wherein the component switching mode will be used by the RIS together with a corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to the codeword.

11. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, coupled to one or more memories, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to enable the network entity to: Identify the first network node to send pilot signals; The second network node is identified to receive the pilot signal, and a measurement report is calculated based at least in part on the pilot signal; Send the configuration of the RIS mode for time-scheduled application of the codebook for detecting faulty components to the reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) controller; Receive the measurement report from the second network node; as well as An update codebook is sent to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook is at least partially based on the measurement report.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the detection of faulty components for the RIS is based at least in part on the measurement report.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly configured to cause the network entity to: The second network node receives support information along with the measurement report, wherein the support information indicates the network node location and RIS orientation.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to: Send configurations associated with the following to the first network node and the second network node: time-frequency resources for transmitting the pilot signal, time-frequency resources for receiving the pilot signal, a transmit beam for transmitting the pilot signal, and a receive beam for receiving the pilot signal; or Receive RIS capability information and location information associated with the first network node and the second network node.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein fault element detection is at least partially based on one or more fault detection triggers, wherein the fault detection is triggered when the signal quality of abnormal reflection or refraction or the signal quality of specular reflection or refraction, as indicated by the measurement report, meets one or more thresholds, or the fault detection is triggered at least partially based on sensor information.

16. A method for wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: Receive configurations from network entities for the codebook associated with the Reconfigurable Smart Surface (RIS) mode; The network entity receives indications from the network entity of codewords in the codebook that are potentially associated with RIS element failures, based at least in part on one or more RIS attributes. as well as RIS fault mitigation is performed at least in part based on the aforementioned instructions.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more RIS attributes include an array size associated with the RIS, an inter-element spacing associated with the RIS, or a reflection or refraction coefficient alphabet associated with the RIS.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the codebook is customized for one or more of the following: the target incident direction, a set of target reflection or refraction directions, or a set of distances along the target reflection or refraction direction.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further comprises: Use the same transmission power and the same transmission beam to transmit. M There are repeated reference signals, among which M It is the size of a subset of the RIS reflectance or refractive index alphabet, scanned across M Each mode and cross M The repeat, the scan in the repeat M A given pattern in the pattern is the codeword multiplied by the phase of the RIS reflection or refraction coefficient from the subset, which is applied as a common phase offset, and the given pattern is applied to multiple elements of the RIS. Receive a measurement report from the receiver, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; as well as Send an indication to the RIS controller of a common phase offset to be used by the RIS on the codeword, wherein the common phase offset is based at least in part on the measurement report.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the RIS fault mitigation is triggered by an event, and the event occurs when the receive power using the codeword drops below a threshold.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further comprises: Use the same transmission power and the same transmission beam to transmit. K There are repeated reference signals, among which K The number of accompanying codewords is selected separately, and the scanning span is... K A given pattern in the scan corresponds to an accompanying codeword in an alternative set of accompanying codewords configured for the codeword, and the given pattern is applied to multiple elements of the RIS; Receive a measurement report from the receiver, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; as well as Send an instruction to the RIS controller for a companion codeword selected from the alternative companion codeword set based at least in part on the measurement report, wherein the companion codeword will be used by the RIS instead of the codeword.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further comprises: The network entity receives an indication of a companion codeword selected from an alternative set of companion codewords, at least in part based on a measurement report, wherein the companion codeword will be used by the RIS instead of the codeword itself.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further comprises: Receive a configuration for element switching scheduling from the network entity, wherein the configuration indicates L The time series of component switching modes, and each component switching mode is based at least in part on RIS capability information to indicate which components of the RIS should be turned off or moved to a low-power consumption state.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further comprises: Use the same transmission power and the same transmission beam to transmit. J take L There are repeated reference signals, among which J It is the number of alternative companion codewords in the alternative companion codeword set or the number of reflection or refraction coefficient phases, and the scan spans the... L Each component switching mode in the component switching modes J A given pattern in the scan corresponds to an accompanying codeword in the alternative set of accompanying codewords configured for the codeword, or the given pattern corresponds to a given common phase offset multiplied by the codeword, and the given pattern is applied to multiple elements in the RIS that are not turned off or are in the low power consumption state. Receive a measurement report from the receiver, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with a reference signal reflected or refracted by the RIS; as well as Send an indication to the RIS controller of a component switching mode selected at least in part based on the measurement report, wherein the component switching mode will be used by the RIS together with a corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to the codeword.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein performing the RIS fault mitigation further comprises: The network entity receives an indication of a component switching mode selected at least in part based on a measurement report, wherein the component switching mode will be used by the RIS together with a corresponding accompanying codeword or a common phase offset applied to the codeword.

26. A method for wireless communication performed by a network entity, the method comprising: Identify the first network node to send pilot signals; A second network node is identified to receive the pilot signal, and a measurement report is calculated based at least in part on the pilot signal, wherein the second network node is along the direction of specular reflection or refraction; Send the configuration of the RIS mode for time-scheduled application of the codebook for detecting faulty components to the reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) controller; Receive the measurement report from the second network node; as well as An update codebook is sent to the RIS controller, wherein the update codebook is at least partially based on the measurement report.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the detection of faulty components for the RIS is based at least in part on the measurement report.

28. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: The second network node receives support information along with the measurement report, wherein the support information indicates the network node location and RIS orientation.

29. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: Send configurations associated with the following to the first network node and the second network node: time-frequency resources for transmitting the pilot signal, time-frequency resources for receiving the pilot signal, a transmit beam for transmitting the pilot signal, and a receive beam for receiving the pilot signal; or Receive RIS capability information and location information associated with the first network node and the second network node.

30. The method of claim 26, wherein fault element detection is at least partially based on one or more fault detection triggers, wherein the fault detection is triggered when the signal quality of abnormal reflection or refraction or the signal quality of specular reflection or refraction, as indicated by the measurement report, meets one or more thresholds, or the fault detection is triggered at least partially based on sensor information.

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