Hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation integrated hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hydrogen-powered equipment manufacturing technology, and in particular to a hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system integrating hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation. Hydrogen-rich oil serves as the core functional medium, simultaneously acting as both a cooling medium for the hydrogen internal combustion engine and a raw material for the dehydrogenation reaction. During its circulation, the hydrogen-rich oil first absorbs low-temperature waste heat from the hydrogen internal combustion engine cylinder for primary preheating, and then recovers high-temperature waste heat from the exhaust gas through an integrated heat exchange unit for further heating. The high-temperature hydrogen-rich oil then enters the dehydrogenation reactor to react and generate hydrogen and lean hydrogen oil. The generated hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen internal combustion engine via a hydrogen supply unit for combustion and power generation, while the lean hydrogen oil flows back to the hydrogen storage unit, achieving a closed-loop circulation of the medium. In this way, on the one hand, by recovering waste heat from the internal combustion engine in stages to heat the dehydrogenation reaction, the potential for thermal energy utilization is fully explored, which is beneficial for improving the system's operational stability and overall energy utilization efficiency; on the other hand, the integrated cooling and dehydrogenation functions are beneficial for improving system integration and lightweighting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy power equipment manufacturing technology, and in particular to a hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system that integrates hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a zero-carbon clean energy source, is one of the core pathways for decarbonization in the transportation and energy sectors. Organic liquid hydrogen storage (LOHC) technology can achieve safe storage and transportation of hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure. It has high hydrogen storage density, no safety risks associated with high-pressure / cryogenic storage and transportation, and can reuse existing fuel refueling infrastructure. It is a core solution to address the pain points of storage and transportation for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy.

[0003] In the field of hydrogen energy power equipment, hydrogen internal combustion engine technology has matured after long-term development. Its manufacturing cost is only 10% to 15% higher than that of traditional gasoline engines, far lower than that of hydrogen fuel cells. At the same time, it has the characteristics of multi-fuel adaptability, zero carbon emissions, and high reliability. It is especially suitable for high-power hydrogen energy power scenarios and has become the core technology route in this field.

[0004] Based on the complementary advantages of organic liquid hydrogen storage technology and hydrogen internal combustion engines, their coupled application has become a research hotspot in the industry. The core idea of ​​existing coupling schemes is to recover the waste heat from the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine to provide the necessary heat for the organic liquid dehydrogenation reaction, thereby achieving basic synergy between dehydrogenation and hydrogen supply and the power output of the internal combustion engine. However, from the current state of industry applications, existing coupling systems still have unresolved core bottlenecks: On the one hand, hydrogen internal combustion engines still use traditional ethylene glycol aqueous solutions as the cooling medium, requiring a complete set of cooling equipment such as independent coolant circulation loops and radiators. This not only increases the size and weight of the coupling system but also leads to structural redundancy, severely restricting its integration and lightweighting levels, making it difficult to adapt to space-constrained scenarios such as vehicle-mounted applications. On the other hand, the hydrogen-rich oil used in organic liquid hydrogen storage is only used as a raw material for the dehydrogenation reaction in existing technologies and fails to participate in the cooling process of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, further reducing the integration and energy utilization efficiency of the entire coupling system.

[0005] Therefore, it is imperative for those skilled in the art to solve the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system that integrates hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation, aiming to solve the problems of existing designs where the independent layout of the hydrogen internal combustion engine cooling system leads to structural redundancy and low integration, and the hydrogen-rich oil has a single function, only used for dehydrogenation reaction, and cannot take into account the cooling and heat exchange of the internal combustion engine.

[0007] This invention relates to a hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system integrating hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation, comprising a hydrogen oil storage unit, a hydrogen internal combustion engine, an integrated heat exchange unit, a dehydrogenation reactor, and a hydrogen supply unit; Hydrogen-rich oil serves as both a cooling medium and a raw material for the dehydrogenation reaction in hydrogen internal combustion engines. The hydrogen storage oil unit is connected in sequence to the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the integrated heat exchange unit, and the dehydrogenation reactor; the dehydrogenation reactor is also connected to the hydrogen supply unit and the hydrogen storage oil unit. The hydrogen-rich oil is preheated by absorbing the low-temperature waste heat in the cylinder block of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. The preheated hydrogen-rich oil recovers the high-temperature waste heat of the exhaust gas through the integrated heat exchange unit. The heated hydrogen-rich oil reacts in the dehydrogenation reactor to generate hydrogen and lean hydrogen oil. The hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen internal combustion engine for combustion and work through the hydrogen supply unit, while the lean hydrogen oil flows back to the hydrogen storage unit to form a closed loop.

[0008] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the hydrogen internal combustion engine is provided with a cooling water channel; the outlet of the cooling water channel is divided into two paths by a diversion regulating valve; one path flows back to the cooling water channel to form a closed cooling cycle, and the other path is connected to an integrated heat exchange unit to complete the secondary heating of hydrogen-rich oil.

[0009] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the dehydrogenation reactor is equipped with a gas-liquid cooler, a gas-liquid separator, and a hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector. The high-temperature product outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid cooler; the outlet of the gas-liquid cooler is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the hydrogen supply unit; the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector; the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector introduces high-hydrogen-content lean hydrogen oil into the medium-hydrogen oil storage tank, and low-hydrogen-content lean hydrogen oil into the lean hydrogen oil storage tank.

[0010] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the hydrogen oil storage unit includes a hydrogen-rich oil storage tank, a medium-hydrogen oil storage tank, a hydrogen-lean oil storage tank, a first feed regulating valve, a second feed regulating valve, and an oil supply pump. The outlet of the hydrogen-rich oil storage tank is connected to the inlet of the oil supply pump via the first feed regulating valve; the outlet of the medium-hydrogen oil storage tank is connected to the inlet of the oil supply pump via the second feed regulating valve; the outlet of the oil supply pump is connected to the cooling water channel; the liquid phase outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected to the medium-hydrogen oil storage tank and the lean hydrogen oil storage tank respectively via the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector.

[0011] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the hydrogen supply unit includes a hydrogen buffer tank, a hydrogen booster pump, and a hydrogen regulating valve. The hydrogen outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank; the outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank is connected in sequence to the hydrogen booster pump and the hydrogen regulating valve; the outlet of the hydrogen regulating valve is connected to the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0012] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the cylinder waste heat temperature of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is 80-120°C, which is used for the first-stage preheating of hydrogen-rich oil; the exhaust waste heat temperature of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is 400-600°C, which is used to heat the hydrogen-rich oil to the dehydrogenation reaction temperature of 140-180°C.

[0013] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the integrated heat exchange unit includes an exhaust gas heat exchanger, an auxiliary heating unit, a high-temperature hydrogen oil pump, and an induced draft fan. The exhaust gas from the hydrogen internal combustion engine is fed into the heating channels of the exhaust gas heat exchanger and the dehydrogenation reactor in two separate paths; the auxiliary heating unit provides supplemental heating during cold starts and low-power operation, and shuts off after steady-state operation; the induced draft fan is used to regulate the exhaust gas heat exchange and exhaust efficiency.

[0014] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation also includes an intelligent control unit; the intelligent control unit includes a sensor group, an actuator group, and a central controller; The central controller adjusts the operating parameters of the actuator group to match the system operating conditions based on the parameters collected by the sensor group.

[0015] As a further improvement to the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the intelligent control unit control system operates in stages of cold start, steady state, variable operating condition, and shutdown protection; under abnormal operating conditions, the intelligent control unit cuts off the feed of hydrogen-rich oil and the supply of hydrogen, and activates the emergency cooling branch.

[0016] In practical applications, the hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation disclosed in this invention can achieve at least the following beneficial technical effects, specifically: 1) Using hydrogen-rich oil as the functional medium, it serves the dual purpose of cooling medium for the hydrogen internal combustion engine and raw material for the dehydrogenation reaction, simultaneously achieving cooling and dehydrogenation supply functions. Furthermore, relying on the orderly interconnected layout of the hydrogen oil storage unit, hydrogen internal combustion engine, integrated heat exchange unit, and dehydrogenation reactor, the system's functional modules and piping design are integrated, reducing redundant component configurations, optimizing the overall structural layout, lowering the overall system volume and weight, and improving system integration and lightweighting, making it suitable for various power scenarios and space-constrained applications. 2) When hydrogen-rich oil flows through the hydrogen internal combustion engine, it absorbs the low-temperature waste heat from the cylinder block for primary preheating. Then, it recovers the high-temperature waste heat from the exhaust gas through an integrated heat exchange unit for secondary heating. The heat obtained directly provides the energy required for the dehydrogenation reaction, realizing the resource utilization of waste heat. Furthermore, the hydrogen-lean oil flows back to the hydrogen storage unit for recycling. In this way, both efficient use of the medium and full energy conversion are taken into account, significantly improving the overall operating efficiency and resource utilization rate of the entire system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation disclosed in this invention.

[0019] 1-Hydrogen oil storage unit; 11-Hydrogen-rich oil storage tank; 12-Medium-hydrogen oil storage tank; 13-Lean hydrogen oil storage tank; 14-First feed regulating valve; 15-Second feed regulating valve; 16-Oil supply pump; 2-Hydrogen internal combustion engine; 3-Integrated heat exchange unit; 31-Tail gas heat exchanger; 32-Auxiliary heating unit; 33-High-temperature hydrogen oil pump; 34-Induced draft fan; 4-Dehydrogenation reactor; 5-Hydrogen supply unit; 51-Hydrogen buffer tank; 52-Hydrogen booster pump; 53-Hydrogen regulating valve; 6-Flow diversion regulating valve; 7-Gas-liquid cooler; 8-Gas-liquid separator; 9-Hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector; 10-Intelligent control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The hydrogen-oil cooling-dehydrogenation integrated hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system is used in conjunction with hydrogen energy power equipment systems in practical applications. It is particularly suitable for high-power hydrogen energy application scenarios such as heavy commercial vehicles, rail transit, large ships, and stationary distributed power generation. It is used to complete hydrogen-rich oil heat exchange, cascade waste heat recovery, dehydrogenation to produce hydrogen, and hydrogen internal combustion engine combustion to ensure the efficient, stable, and integrated operation of the hydrogen energy power system.

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation disclosed in this invention is shown. It mainly consists of a hydrogen oil storage unit 1, a hydrogen internal combustion engine 2, an integrated heat exchange unit 3, a dehydrogenation reactor 4, and a hydrogen supply unit 5. The hydrogen internal combustion engine uses a dedicated cooling medium for closed-loop heat dissipation, while the hydrogen-rich oil is only used as a raw material for the dehydrogenation reaction. The hydrogen oil storage unit 1 is sequentially connected to the integrated heat exchange unit 3 and the dehydrogenation reactor 4. The dehydrogenation reactor 4 is simultaneously connected to the hydrogen supply unit 5 and the hydrogen oil storage unit 1, forming a coordinated operating loop of closed-loop hydrogen-rich oil circulation and hydrogen supply.

[0022] To achieve a stable supply and tiered storage of hydrogen-rich oil, such as Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen oil storage unit 1 includes a hydrogen-rich oil storage tank 11, a medium-hydrogen oil storage tank 12, a hydrogen-lean oil storage tank 13, a first feed regulating valve 14, a second feed regulating valve 15, and an oil supply pump 16. The outlet of the hydrogen-rich oil storage tank 11 is connected to the inlet of the oil supply pump 16 via the first feed regulating valve 14; the outlet of the medium-hydrogen oil storage tank 12 is connected to the inlet of the oil supply pump 16 via the second feed regulating valve 15; the outlet of the oil supply pump 16 is connected to the integrated heat exchange unit 3; the liquid phase outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor 4 is connected to the medium-hydrogen oil storage tank 12 and the hydrogen-lean oil storage tank 13 via the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector 9. The medium-hydrogen oil storage tank 12, the hydrogen-lean oil storage tank 13, and the hydrogen-rich oil storage tank 11 are all connected to the integrated heat exchange unit 3 via the oil supply pump 16, forming a closed-loop circulation of hydrogen-rich oil.

[0023] To achieve stable heat dissipation and waste heat recovery in the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2, a cylinder block and dedicated cooling water channels are installed inside the engine. A dedicated cooling medium flows through these channels, forming an independent closed-loop cooling cycle. An integrated heat exchange unit 3 recovers low-temperature waste heat from the cylinder block and high-temperature waste heat from the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 via a partitioned heat exchanger, which is then used for the staged preheating of the hydrogen-rich oil. The waste heat temperature of the cylinder block in the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 is 80–120°C. The dedicated cooling medium absorbs this waste heat to maintain stable engine operation, and the integrated heat exchange unit recovers this low-temperature waste heat to complete the first-stage preheating of the hydrogen-rich oil.

[0024] Based on the primary preheating of hydrogen-rich oil, an integrated heat exchange unit 3 is used to recover the high-temperature waste heat from the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 and achieve secondary heating of the hydrogen-rich oil. The integrated heat exchange unit 3 includes an exhaust gas heat exchanger 31, an independent heating unit 32, a high-temperature hydrogen oil pump 33, an induced draft fan 34, and a flow sensor F2. The exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 is introduced into the exhaust gas heat exchanger 31, where it heats the hydrogen-rich oil through indirect heat exchange. The waste heat temperature of the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 is 400-600℃, which can heat the hydrogen-rich oil to 100-120℃, completing the secondary preheating. The independent heating unit 32 provides the main heat required for the dehydrogenation reactor, meeting the strong heat absorption requirements of dehydrogenation and providing stable heating under cold start and variable operating conditions. The induced draft fan 34 is used to regulate the exhaust gas heat exchange efficiency and exhaust efficiency, ensuring that the heat exchange process is stable and controllable. The flow sensor F2, in conjunction with the high-temperature hydrogen oil pump 33, precisely controls the flow rate of hydrogen-rich oil entering the dehydrogenation reactor 4 to match the dehydrogenation reaction rate and temperature requirements.

[0025] The hydrogen-rich oil, after secondary preheating by the integrated heat exchange unit 3, then enters the dehydrogenation reactor 4. The dehydrogenation reactor 4 is equipped with a gas-liquid cooler 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, and a hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector 9 to complete the cooling, separation, and detection of the dehydrogenation reaction products. The dehydrogenation reactor 4 is provided with a reaction temperature of 140-180°C by an independent heating unit to meet the requirements of strong endothermic dehydrogenation. The high-temperature product outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor 4 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid cooler 7. The gas-liquid cooler 7 can use the waste heat of the high-temperature product to heat the system's cold water and supply hot water or steam to achieve combined heat and power. The outlet of the gas-liquid cooler 7 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 8. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the hydrogen supply unit 5, and the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector 9. The hydrogen content detector 9 can detect the hydrogen content of the liquid phase product after the dehydrogenation reaction in real time. The high hydrogen content lean oil is introduced into the medium hydrogen oil storage tank 12 and then reconnected to the oil supply pump 16 through the second feed regulating valve 15 to achieve circulating dehydrogenation. The low hydrogen content lean oil is introduced into the lean oil storage tank 13 to complete the classification, recycling and deep utilization of lean oil.

[0026] To stably supply hydrogen generated from the dehydrogenation reaction to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2, the hydrogen supply unit 5 includes a hydrogen buffer tank 51, a hydrogen booster pump 52, and a hydrogen regulating valve 53. The hydrogen outlet of the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 51, which is used to smooth hydrogen flow fluctuations and stabilize system pressure. Its outlet is connected in sequence to the hydrogen booster pump 52 and the hydrogen regulating valve 53, and the outlet of the hydrogen regulating valve 53 is connected to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2. The hydrogen supply unit 5 can perform buffering and pressure stabilization, boosting and supplying hydrogen, and flow regulation, providing a stable supply of hydrogen for the combustion of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2.

[0027] Furthermore, the hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system, which integrates hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation, is equipped with a hydrogen internal combustion engine power output module, which can adapt to both hydrogen-electric hybrid and electric-electric hybrid modes. In the hydrogen-electric hybrid mode, the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 is connected in parallel with the dual drive motors, and the motors are connected in series with the power lithium battery. Under low load, the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 drives the motor to charge the lithium battery, and under high load, the lithium battery discharges to assist in power output. In the electric-electric hybrid mode, the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 is connected in series with the synchronous generator, and the generator is connected in parallel with the energy storage lithium battery, switching between power supply and charging states as needed to meet the power requirements of different operating conditions.

[0028] It should also be noted that, to ensure stable operation of the system under all operating conditions, the hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system integrating hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation is also equipped with an intelligent control unit 10. The intelligent control unit 10 is equipped with a sensor group, an actuator group, and a central controller. The sensor group includes temperature sensors T1, T2, and T3, flow sensors F1 and F2, and a power sensor, which collect temperature, flow, and power parameters at each node in real time. The actuator group includes various feed regulating valves, an oil supply pump, a high-temperature hydrogen oil pump, an induced draft fan, and an independent heating unit controller. Based on the system operating parameters collected by the sensor group, the central controller adjusts the operating parameters of the actuator group, regulating the flow rate of hydrogen-rich oil, the hydrogen supply, the dehydrogenation reaction temperature, and the power output mode, while monitoring the hydrogen content of the hydrogen oil in real time. The intelligent control unit 10 controls the system to operate in an orderly manner according to the cold start, steady state, variable operating condition, and shutdown protection stages. The emergency cooling branch is connected to the dedicated cooling water channel of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2. Under abnormal operating conditions, the intelligent control unit 10 cuts off the feed of hydrogen-rich oil and the supply of hydrogen, and simultaneously activates the emergency cooling branch to protect the system's operational safety.

[0029] The working principle of the hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system integrating hydrogen oil cooling and dehydrogenation is as follows: During the cold start phase, the fuel supply pump 16 starts first, and the hydrogen-rich oil enters the integrated heat exchange unit 3 from the hydrogen storage unit 1; the independent heating unit 32 starts simultaneously to heat the dehydrogenation reactor 4. After the hydrogen-rich oil reaches the dehydrogenation reaction temperature, the high-temperature hydrogen-rich oil enters the dehydrogenation reactor 4 to complete the dehydrogenation reaction; the produced hydrogen enters the hydrogen buffer tank 51 for pressure stabilization through the gas-liquid separator 8, and is then pressurized by the hydrogen booster pump 52 and delivered to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 through the hydrogen regulating valve 53 to achieve ignition and start-up; after the cylinder block and exhaust temperatures gradually increase, the integrated heat exchange unit 3 recovers the cylinder... The waste heat from the exhaust gas and other components completes the staged preheating of the hydrogen-rich oil, bringing the system into a stable operating state. During steady-state operation, the hydrogen-rich oil, after staged preheating by the integrated heat exchange unit 3, enters the dehydrogenation reactor 4 for reaction. The independent heating unit 32 maintains the temperature required for the dehydrogenation reaction. The high-temperature product output from the dehydrogenation reactor 4 is cooled by the gas-liquid cooler 7, simultaneously supplying hot water or steam. The cooled product enters the gas-liquid separator 8 for gas-liquid separation. Hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 via the hydrogen supply unit 5 for combustion and power generation. The lean / medium hydrogen oil, after being detected by the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector 9, is classified according to its hydrogen content and returned to the hydrogen storage unit 1, forming a complete closed-loop medium circulation. During variable operating conditions, the intelligent control unit 10 adjusts the supply of hydrogen-rich oil and hydrogen in real time. Under low-load conditions, the independent heating unit 32 provides stable supplemental heating, while the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 drives the motor to charge the lithium battery. Under high-load conditions, the lithium battery discharges to assist in power output. When there is an external heating demand, the gas-liquid cooler 7 simultaneously outputs hot water or steam. When the system is shut down normally, first shut down the high-temperature hydrogen oil pump 33 and the feed passage of the dehydrogenation reactor 4. The special cooling medium for the hydrogen internal combustion engine 2 continues to circulate and dissipate heat. After the cylinder temperature drops to a safe range, the oil supply pump 16 stops running.

[0030] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system integrating hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation, characterized in that, It includes a hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen internal combustion engine, an integrated heat exchange unit, a dehydrogenation reactor, and a hydrogen supply unit; Hydrogen-rich oil serves as both the cooling medium and the raw material for the dehydrogenation reaction in the hydrogen internal combustion engine. The hydrogen storage oil unit is sequentially connected to the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the integrated heat exchange unit, and the dehydrogenation reactor; the dehydrogenation reactor is also connected to the hydrogen supply unit and the hydrogen storage oil unit. The hydrogen-rich oil undergoes primary preheating by absorbing the low-temperature waste heat from the cylinder block of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. The preheated hydrogen-rich oil then recovers the high-temperature waste heat from the exhaust gas via the integrated heat exchange unit. The heated hydrogen-rich oil reacts in the dehydrogenation reactor to generate hydrogen and lean hydrogen oil. The hydrogen is then transported to the hydrogen internal combustion engine via the hydrogen supply unit for combustion and power generation, while the lean hydrogen oil flows back to the hydrogen storage unit to form a closed-loop cycle.

2. The hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen internal combustion engine is equipped with a cooling water channel; the outlet of the cooling water channel is divided into two paths by a diversion regulating valve; one path flows back to the cooling water channel to form a closed cooling cycle, and the other path flows into the integrated heat exchange unit to complete the secondary heating of the hydrogen-rich oil.

3. The hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dehydrogenation reactor is equipped with a gas-liquid cooler, a gas-liquid separator, and a hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector. The high-temperature product outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid cooler; the outlet of the gas-liquid cooler is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the hydrogen supply unit; the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector; the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector introduces high-hydrogen-content lean hydrogen oil into the medium-hydrogen oil storage tank, and introduces low-hydrogen-content lean hydrogen oil into the lean hydrogen oil storage tank.

4. The hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydrogen-oil storage unit includes a hydrogen-rich oil storage tank, a medium-hydrogen oil storage tank, a hydrogen-lean oil storage tank, a first feed regulating valve, a second feed regulating valve, and an oil supply pump. The outlet of the hydrogen-rich oil storage tank is connected to the inlet of the oil supply pump via the first feed regulating valve; the outlet of the medium-hydrogen oil storage tank is connected to the inlet of the oil supply pump via the second feed regulating valve; the outlet of the oil supply pump is connected to the cooling water channel; the liquid phase outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected to the medium-hydrogen oil storage tank and the hydrogen-lean oil storage tank respectively via the hydrogen oil hydrogen content detector.

5. The hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydrogen supply unit includes a hydrogen buffer tank, a hydrogen booster pump, and a hydrogen regulating valve. The hydrogen outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank; the outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank is sequentially connected to the hydrogen booster pump and the hydrogen regulating valve; the outlet of the hydrogen regulating valve is connected to the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

6. The hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cylinder waste heat temperature of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is 80-120°C, which is used for the first-stage preheating of hydrogen-rich oil; the exhaust waste heat temperature of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is 400-600°C, which is used to heat the hydrogen-rich oil to the dehydrogenation reaction temperature of 140-180°C.

7. The hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated heat exchange unit includes an exhaust gas heat exchanger, an auxiliary heating unit, a high-temperature hydrogen oil pump, and an induced draft fan. The exhaust gas from the hydrogen internal combustion engine is fed into the heating channels of the exhaust gas heat exchanger and the dehydrogenation reactor through two separate paths; the auxiliary heating unit provides supplemental heating during cold starts and low-power operation, and shuts off after steady-state operation; the induced draft fan is used to regulate the exhaust gas heat exchange and exhaust efficiency.

8. The hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an intelligent control unit; the intelligent control unit includes a sensor group, an actuator group, and a central controller; The central controller adjusts the operating parameters of the actuator group to match the system operating conditions based on the parameters collected by the sensor group.

9. The hydrogen internal combustion engine coupling system with integrated hydrogen-oil cooling and dehydrogenation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent control unit operates in stages of cold start, steady state, variable operating conditions, and shutdown protection. Under abnormal operating conditions, the intelligent control unit cuts off the feed of hydrogen-rich oil and the supply of hydrogen, and activates the emergency cooling branch.

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