Intelligent fuse and method of use thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent fuse and its application method, relating to the field of intelligent fuse application technology. The method includes: correlating and processing collected current data, temperature data, and drop-out status information; calculating the current change rate and temperature change rate based on the current and temperature data; and constructing a comprehensive criterion for characterizing the fuse's operating status by combining the drop-out status information; analyzing the fuse's operating status based on the comprehensive criterion to determine whether the fuse is in an abnormal state; generating and outputting corresponding early warning information or fault information when the fuse is determined to be in an abnormal state; and analyzing the fuse's fault type by combining the current data and temperature change data before and after the fuse blows, in order to assist in fault location. This invention solves the problems of traditional drop-out fuses in the prior art, which cannot achieve online monitoring of operating status and have only one monitoring parameter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent fuse application technology, and in particular to an intelligent fuse and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Drop-out fuses are important electrical devices used for the protection of lines and distribution transformers in power distribution networks. They are typically installed at branches of 10kV distribution lines or on the high-voltage side of distribution transformers. In the event of an overload or short-circuit fault, the fuse element melts to isolate the fault, and it can also serve as an operating device for switching load currents. Due to their simple structure, low cost, and suitability for outdoor environments, they have been widely used in power distribution systems.

[0003] In existing technologies, traditional drop-out fuses are mostly purely mechanical structures with relatively simple functions, typically only providing basic overcurrent protection. However, during long-term operation, the fuse contacts are prone to abnormal temperature rise due to poor contact or load changes. Existing technologies cannot monitor and provide real-time warnings for such potential hazards, which can easily lead to equipment damage or even escalation of the fault. Furthermore, when a fault occurs, traditional fuses cannot provide fault current data or fault location capabilities, resulting in troubleshooting relying primarily on manual experience, leading to low efficiency and impacting power supply reliability.

[0004] Therefore, traditional drop-out fuses in the existing technology have the problem of not being able to achieve online monitoring of operating status and lacking the ability to collect key parameters such as current and temperature in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent fuse and its application method, which solves the problems of traditional drop-out fuses in the prior art, such as the inability to achieve online monitoring of operating status and the limited number of monitoring parameters.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for applying a smart fuse, the smart fuse comprising a fuse tube, wherein the fuse tube is provided with a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, and a gravity sensing unit, including: Step S1: The current acquisition unit collects the line current during the operation of the fuse in real time, the temperature acquisition unit collects the temperature of the fuse contacts and / or key parts of the fuse tube in real time, and the gravity sensing unit obtains the fuse drop status information. Step S2 involves performing correlation processing on the collected current data, temperature data, and drop status information. Based on the current data and temperature data, the current change rate and temperature change rate are calculated, and combined with the drop status information, a comprehensive criterion for characterizing the fuse's operating status is constructed. The comprehensive criterion includes a current change rate threshold, a temperature change rate threshold, and a correlation rule between the current change rate and the temperature change rate. Step S3: Analyze the operating status of the fuse according to the comprehensive criteria to determine whether the fuse is in an abnormal state; the abnormal state includes at least overload state, abnormal contact temperature rise state, and fuse tripping state. Step S4: When it is determined that the fuse is in an abnormal state, generate and output the corresponding warning information or fault information; after the fuse blows, combine the current data and temperature change data before and after the blow to analyze the fault type of the fuse in order to assist in fault location.

[0007] Optionally, step S2 includes: Step S21: Calculate the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature based on the current data and the temperature data; Step S22: Perform correlation analysis between the current change rate and the temperature change rate, and combine the drop state information to construct a multi-parameter correlation relationship reflecting the operating state of the fuse; Step S23: Based on the multi-parameter correlation, construct a comprehensive criterion including a trend determination rule, wherein the trend determination rule is determined based on the change characteristics of the current change rate sequence and the temperature change rate sequence.

[0008] Optionally, step S21 includes: Step S211: Calculate the change in current value at adjacent times by continuously collecting multiple sets of current data from the current acquisition unit within a preset time interval, and obtain the current change rate based on the change and the time interval. Step S212: Calculate the change in temperature value at adjacent times by continuously collecting multiple sets of temperature data within the preset time interval using the temperature acquisition unit, and obtain the temperature change rate based on the change and the time interval.

[0009] Optionally, the preset time interval is adaptively adjusted according to the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature. When the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature increases, the preset time interval is shortened; when the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature decreases, the preset time interval is extended.

[0010] Optionally, the process of determining the abnormal temperature rise state of the contact point in step S3 includes: When the temperature change rate is greater than a preset temperature change rate threshold and the current change rate is lower than a preset current change rate threshold, it is determined that the fuse has an abnormal contact temperature rise state.

[0011] Optionally, the process of determining the fuse-breaking state in step S3 includes: When the gravity sensing unit detects that the fuse is in a falling state and the current data drops below a preset current threshold within a preset time, it determines that the fuse has blown.

[0012] Optionally, the smart fuse also includes a wireless transmission unit, and step S4 includes: Step S41: When it is determined that the fuse is in an abnormal state, generate corresponding early warning information or fault information according to the type of abnormal state. Step S42: The warning information or fault information is sent to an external receiving device or monitoring system through the wireless transmitting unit to remotely monitor the operating status of the fuse.

[0013] Optionally, the process of analyzing the fault type in step S4 includes: The fault type of the fuse is determined based on the combination of the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature before the fuse blows. When the rate of change of current is greater than a preset rate of change of current threshold, it is determined to be a short circuit fault; When the rate of change of current is in the rising range and the rate of change of temperature continues to rise, it is determined to be an overload fault; When the current change rate is in a stable range and the temperature change rate rises abnormally, it is determined to be a fault of poor contact of the fuse contacts.

[0014] Optionally, the process of generating early warning information in step S4 includes: When the trend of the fuse operating status change characterized by the comprehensive criterion reaches the preset warning threshold, a warning message is generated before the fuse blows. The trend of the fuse's operating status change is characterized by the rate of change of current, the rate of change of temperature, and their correlation. The preset warning threshold includes the current rate of change threshold, the temperature rate of change threshold, and their combination threshold. When the current rate of change and the temperature rate of change meet the conditions corresponding to the preset warning threshold, the trend of the operating status change is determined to have reached the warning condition.

[0015] According to a second aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent fuse for implementing the application method of the intelligent fuse as described in the first aspect, comprising an insulating support and a fuse tube, wherein the fuse tube integrates a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, a gravity sensing unit and a wireless transmission unit. The insulating support is equipped with a first support and a second support that are distributed opposite to each other. A clamping spring that presses against the first moving contact of the fusion tube is installed on the first support, and the second moving contact of the fusion tube is installed on the second support. The fusion fitting is used to detach from the insulating support by dropping after the fuse has melted.

[0016] Optionally, the first support is provided with a first stationary contact arranged adjacent to the first moving contact, and the second support is provided with a second stationary contact arranged adjacent to the second moving contact.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides an intelligent fuse and its application method. By incorporating a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, and a gravity sensing unit within the fuse tube, it can collect real-time data on the circuit current, contact and / or key component temperatures, and fuse drop-out status during fuse operation. This overcomes the limitations of traditional drop-out fuses, which only provide overcurrent protection and cannot monitor operating status online, enabling simultaneous acquisition of multi-dimensional operating parameters. By analyzing and determining the fuse's operating status using comprehensive criteria, the fuse can identify not only overload conditions but also abnormal contact temperature rise and fuse tripping states. This significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of identifying abnormal fuse operating states, avoiding misjudgments or missed judgments caused by relying solely on a single current signal.

[0018] Furthermore, when a fuse is determined to be in an abnormal state, this invention can promptly generate and output corresponding early warning or fault information. This helps maintenance personnel to detect potential hazards such as poor contact or abnormal load in advance, improving equipment operation safety and reducing the risk of equipment damage and fault escalation. After the fuse blows, this invention can also analyze the fault type of the fuse by combining current and temperature change data before and after the blow, to assist in fault location, thereby improving the efficiency of fault diagnosis and troubleshooting, shortening power outage processing time, and enhancing the reliability of power distribution network supply and the level of intelligent operation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an application method of a smart fuse provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an intelligent fuse provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view structural diagram of an intelligent fuse provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a temperature acquisition unit in an intelligent fuse provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A circuit diagram of a gravity sensing unit in an intelligent fuse provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of a wireless transmission unit in an intelligent fuse provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Illustration: 10. Insulating support; 21. First support; 211. First stationary contact; 22. Second support; 221. Second stationary contact; 30. Fusible tube; 31. First moving contact; 32. Second moving contact; 40. Compression spring. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. It should be noted that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be a component positioned centrally in the connection.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for applying a smart fuse, such as... Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the intelligent fuse includes a fuse tube 30, which contains a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, and a gravity sensing unit, including: Step S1: The current acquisition unit collects the line current during the operation of the fuse in real time, the temperature acquisition unit collects the temperature of the fuse contacts and / or key parts of the fuse tube 30 in real time, and the gravity sensing unit obtains the drop status information of the fuse. The key parts of the fuse tube 30 refer to the parts that have an important influence on the current conduction and heating characteristics, including but not limited to the contact connection at both ends of the fuse tube, the fuse wire connection terminal, the conductive end cap, the area where the fuse body is located and its adjacent area, and the connection parts in the conductive path, etc. Step S2 involves correlating the collected current data, temperature data, and drop status information, calculating the current change rate and temperature change rate based on the current and temperature data, and constructing a comprehensive criterion to characterize the fuse's operating status by combining the drop status information. The comprehensive criterion includes a current change rate threshold, a temperature change rate threshold, and a correlation rule between the current change rate and the temperature change rate. The correlation processing includes time alignment of current data, temperature data, and drop status information, and calculation of current change rate and temperature change rate based on the current and temperature data. The correlation between the two is established by comparing their variation characteristics. Specifically, time alignment of various types of data can be performed, and joint analysis can be conducted using current change characteristics, temperature change characteristics, and status change information to obtain multi-dimensional data results reflecting the operating characteristics of the fuse. The comprehensive criterion is a multi-parameter judgment rule composed of current change rate, temperature change rate and drop state information. It includes current change rate threshold, temperature change rate threshold and the correlation rule between current change rate and temperature change rate; the comprehensive criterion also includes the change trend judgment rule constructed based on multiple consecutive sampling periods.

[0027] Based on the comprehensive criteria, the current change rate, temperature change rate, and drop status information are compared and combined to determine the operating status of the fuse; multi-source data are fused through correlation processing, and a comprehensive criterion is constructed based on the fusion results, thereby accurately determining the operating status of the fuse. Step S3: Analyze the operating status of the fuse based on comprehensive criteria to determine whether the fuse is in an abnormal state; abnormal states include at least overload state, abnormal contact temperature rise state, and fuse tripping state. Step S4: When it is determined that the fuse is in an abnormal state, generate and output the corresponding warning information or fault information; after the fuse blows, combine the current data and temperature change data before and after the blow to analyze the fault type of the fuse in order to assist in fault location.

[0028] It should be noted that the application method of the intelligent fuse provided by this invention, by setting a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, and a gravity sensing unit within the fuse tube 30, can collect real-time information on the line current, contact and / or key parts of the fuse tube 30, and fuse drop-out status during fuse operation. This overcomes the limitation of traditional drop-out fuses, which only have overcurrent protection functions and cannot monitor operating status online, and achieves synchronous acquisition of multi-dimensional operating parameters of the fuse. By analyzing and judging the fuse operating status through comprehensive criteria, the fuse can not only identify overload conditions, but also abnormal contact temperature rise conditions and fuse breaking conditions, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of identifying abnormal fuse operating conditions and avoiding misjudgments or omissions caused by relying solely on a single current signal.

[0029] Furthermore, when a fuse is determined to be in an abnormal state, this invention can promptly generate and output corresponding early warning or fault information. This helps maintenance personnel to detect potential hazards such as poor contact or abnormal load in advance, improving equipment operation safety and reducing the risk of equipment damage and fault escalation. After the fuse blows, this invention can also analyze the fault type of the fuse by combining current and temperature change data before and after the blow, to assist in fault location, thereby improving the efficiency of fault diagnosis and troubleshooting, shortening power outage processing time, and enhancing the reliability of power distribution network supply and the level of intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0030] Specifically, step S2 includes: Step S21: Calculate the current change rate and temperature change rate based on the current data and temperature data. In this embodiment, step S21 includes: Step S211: Calculate the change in current value at adjacent times using multiple sets of current data continuously collected by the current acquisition unit within a preset time interval, and obtain the current change rate based on the change and time interval; Step S212: Calculate the change in temperature value at adjacent times using multiple sets of temperature data continuously collected by the temperature acquisition unit within a preset time interval, and obtain the temperature change rate based on the change and time interval. Step S22: Perform correlation analysis between current change rate and temperature change rate, and combine with drop status information to construct a multi-parameter correlation relationship reflecting the operating status of the fuse; Step S23: Based on the multi-parameter correlation, a comprehensive criterion including a trend determination rule is constructed. The trend determination rule is determined based on the change characteristics of the current change rate sequence and the temperature change rate sequence. In this embodiment, the change characteristics include, but are not limited to, slope, change amplitude, and duration.

[0031] In practical implementation, by calculating the rate of change of current and temperature respectively from continuously collected current and temperature data, the traditional "static parameter monitoring" is transformed into "dynamic change characteristic analysis," which can more sensitively reflect the changing trends of the fuse's operating status. For example, compared to relying solely on the absolute values ​​of current or temperature, this invention can identify abnormal trends in advance through the rate of change before the parameters reach their thresholds, thereby achieving early warning of potential faults and improving the foresight of anomaly detection. By correlating the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature, and combining this with the fuse's drop-out status information, a correlation relationship between multiple parameters is constructed, transforming the judgment of the fuse's operating status from a single-parameter determination to a multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis. This approach can effectively distinguish between different types of abnormal conditions, such as differentiating between temperature rise caused by load fluctuations and abnormal temperature rise caused by poor contact, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of fault identification.

[0032] Furthermore, this invention establishes a comprehensive criterion based on multi-parameter correlation relationships. This comprehensive criterion includes trend judgment rules constructed based on current and temperature change rate sequences to reflect the changing trends of the fuse's operating status. This allows the system to not only determine whether there is an anomaly but also identify the development direction of the operating status (such as a continuous temperature rise or a sudden change), thereby providing maintenance personnel with more accurate decision-making basis and improving fault prediction capabilities and processing efficiency. In addition, by introducing drop-state information into the correlation analysis, the fault process can be reconstructed by combining the changes in current and temperature when the fuse trips, which helps to determine the fault type and cause, thereby further improving the fault location capability and operational reliability of the power distribution system.

[0033] In this embodiment, for ease of understanding, the relevant terms are explained as follows: Current change rate refers to the degree of change in current value per unit time, which can be calculated by the ratio of the current difference between adjacent moments to the time interval. For example, if the current changes from 10A to 15A between two adjacent sampling moments with a time interval of 1s, then the current change rate is 5A / s. Temperature change rate refers to the degree of temperature change per unit time, which can be calculated by the ratio of the temperature difference between adjacent moments to the time interval. For example, if the temperature rises from 40℃ to 50℃ with a time interval of 2s, then the temperature change rate is 5℃ / s. Multi-parameter correlation refers to the combined or corresponding relationship between current change rate, temperature change rate, and drop status information, used to reflect the coordinated change characteristics between different parameters. For example: if the current change rate is small but the temperature change rate is large, the fuse may have poor contact; if the current change rate suddenly increases and is accompanied by a drop status change, the fuse may have short-circuited; if the current and temperature rise slowly and synchronously, the fuse may be operating under overload. Change trend refers to the direction and speed of change of a parameter over a period of time, such as continuous increase, sudden increase, or fluctuating change.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preset current change rate threshold, temperature change rate threshold, and warning threshold can be determined based on the rated parameters of the fuse, historical operating data, and experimental calibration results. Specifically, the thresholds can be set according to one or a combination of the following methods: (1) Based on rated parameters: According to the rated current and allowable temperature rise range of the fuse, the current change rate threshold is set to a preset ratio range of the rated current change rate, and / or the temperature change rate threshold is set to a preset ratio range of the allowable temperature rise change rate. (2) Based on historical data setting: By statistically analyzing the historical current and temperature data of the fuse under normal operating conditions, the normal fluctuation range of its rate of change is obtained, and the range exceeding the fluctuation range is used as the abnormal judgment threshold. (3) Experimental calibration settings: By simulating different operating conditions such as overload, short circuit and poor contact, the corresponding current change rate and temperature change rate characteristics are obtained, and the judgment thresholds for various faults are determined accordingly. The thresholds can be set as fixed values, or they can be dynamically adjusted according to ambient temperature, load level or running time to improve the adaptability and accuracy of the judgment.

[0035] In one embodiment, the preset time interval is adaptively adjusted based on the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature. When the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature increases, the preset time interval is shortened; when the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature decreases, the preset time interval is extended. The preset time interval refers to the time interval between two adjacent data acquisitions, which can be a fixed value or dynamically adjusted according to the operating status. Adaptive adjustment refers to the process of dynamically adjusting the preset time interval based on changes in the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature. An increase in the rate of change means that the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature exceeds a preset threshold or increases significantly compared to historical values; a decrease in the rate of change means that the rate of change is below the preset threshold or tends to stabilize. For example, when the detected rate of change of current increases from 1 A / s to 5 A / s, the sampling time interval can be shortened from 1 s to 0.2 s; when the rate of change of temperature decreases from 3 °C / s to 0.5 °C / s, the sampling time interval can be extended from 0.5 s to 2 s.

[0036] In practical implementation, an adaptive sampling mechanism is introduced to dynamically adjust the data acquisition frequency according to changes in the fuse's operating status. When the rate of change of current and / or temperature increases, the preset time interval is automatically shortened, increasing the data acquisition frequency. This allows for more precise capture of rapid changes in current or temperature, preventing the loss of critical transient information and facilitating timely identification of sudden faults or abnormal states. Conversely, when the rate of change of current and / or temperature decreases, the preset time interval is extended, reducing the data acquisition frequency. This minimizes unnecessary data acquisition and processing overhead, lowers system power consumption and data transmission pressure, and improves system operating efficiency.

[0037] Through the aforementioned adaptive adjustment method, this invention ensures monitoring accuracy while also considering system resource utilization efficiency, achieving a dynamic balance between high-precision monitoring under high variability and low-resource consumption under low variability, further improving the real-time performance and economy of fuse operation status monitoring. The adaptive sampling strategy enables the monitoring system to possess both high responsiveness and low energy consumption characteristics, making it suitable for intelligent monitoring scenarios involving long-term online operation in distribution networks.

[0038] Specifically, step S3, determining the abnormal contact temperature rise state, includes: when the temperature change rate is greater than a preset temperature change rate threshold and the current change rate is lower than a preset current change rate threshold, the fuse is determined to have an abnormal contact temperature rise state. In this embodiment, the preset temperature change rate threshold is a reference value used to determine whether the temperature change is abnormal, and it can be preset according to equipment characteristics, environmental conditions, or empirical data. The preset current change rate threshold is a reference value used to determine whether the current change is significant. When the current change rate is lower than the preset current change rate threshold, it indicates that the load change is small or basically stable. An abnormal contact temperature rise state refers to a state in which the temperature of the contact or related conductive parts rises abnormally when the current has not changed significantly, which is usually related to poor contact, increased resistance, or local oxidation. For example, when the temperature change rate is 6℃ / s, which is higher than the preset temperature change rate threshold of 3℃ / s, and the current change rate is 0.5A / s, which is lower than the preset current change rate threshold of 2A / s, it can be determined that the contact temperature rise is abnormal. In this case, since the current is basically stable while the temperature rises rapidly, it indicates that the heating is not caused by the increase in load, but is more likely due to the abnormal increase in contact resistance.

[0039] In practice, by introducing a joint judgment mechanism based on the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature, the identification of abnormal contact temperature rise no longer relies on a single parameter of temperature, but rather on a comprehensive judgment based on the characteristics of current change. When the rate of change of temperature increases significantly while the rate of change of current remains at a low level, it can effectively rule out normal temperature rise caused by increased load, thereby more accurately identifying abnormal heating phenomena caused by factors such as poor contact, oxidation, or loosening of contacts.

[0040] Through the aforementioned determination method, this invention can identify contact faults that are difficult to detect at an early stage, providing early warning before the fault develops into a blown fuse or serious damage. This helps prevent equipment overheating and burnout, and the escalation of the fault, improving the safety and reliability of fuse operation. Furthermore, this determination rule is based on a rate of change rather than an absolute value, enabling the detection of abnormal trends before the temperature reaches its limit threshold. This enhances the system's sensitivity and response speed, strengthening the fuse fault early warning capability. The aforementioned determination logic effectively distinguishes between abnormal contact heating and normal load temperature rise, significantly improving the accuracy and practicality of fault identification.

[0041] In one embodiment, the process of determining the fuse-breaking state in step S3 includes: When the gravity sensing unit detects that the fuse is in a drop state and the current data drops below a preset current threshold within a preset time, the fuse is determined to have blown. In this embodiment, the drop state refers to the state in which the fuse tube rotates or disengages from its original closed position to the open position after blowing or operating. This blown state can be obtained by the gravity sensing unit. The preset current threshold is a reference value used to determine whether the current is in a low current or open state. It can be set according to the rated current of the line or operating experience, such as being close to zero current or a certain percentage lower than the normal operating current. The preset time is a time window used to determine whether the current change meets the characteristics of the blown operation, such as limiting the current to complete the decrease process within a certain time. For example, when the gravity sensing unit detects that the fuse tube has fallen and the current drops rapidly from 20A to 0.5A within 1 second, and is lower than the preset current threshold of 1A, it can be determined to be a blown state; if only the drop state is detected but the current does not drop significantly, it may be due to human operation or mechanical disturbance, and it is not determined to be a blown operation.

[0042] In practical implementation, by jointly determining the mechanical state information (drop state) and electrical parameter information (current data) of the fuse, the actual operation of the fuse can be identified more accurately. Compared with methods that rely solely on current surges or solely on mechanical state judgment, this invention effectively avoids misjudgments caused by instantaneous current fluctuations or false triggering through dual condition constraints, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of fuse operation identification. Furthermore, by limiting the current data to drop below a preset current threshold within a preset time, it can reflect the typical characteristics of the current being cut off or significantly reduced after the fuse blows, thereby achieving dynamic confirmation of the fuse blowing process and avoiding the inability to distinguish between human operation or abnormal vibrations when only the drop state is detected.

[0043] Furthermore, this determination method enables precise identification of the moment when a fuse blows. Combined with current and temperature data before and after the blow, it can be further used for fault process analysis, helping to determine the fault type and improve fault location capabilities, thereby enhancing the operation and maintenance efficiency and power supply reliability of the power distribution system. Through the coordinated determination of mechanical state and electrical parameters, highly reliable identification of fuse blowing actions is achieved, effectively distinguishing between actual fuse blowing and non-faulty tripping, improving the accuracy and practicality of the system's determination.

[0044] Specifically, the smart fuse also includes a wireless transmission unit, and step S4 includes: Step S41: When it is determined that the fuse is in an abnormal state, generate corresponding early warning information or fault information according to the type of abnormal state. Step S42: Warning or fault information is sent to an external receiving device or monitoring system via a wireless transmitting unit to remotely monitor the fuse's operating status. The wireless transmitting unit is a communication module used to send fuse operating status information to external devices. It can use wireless communication methods such as LoRa, NB-IoT, 4G / 5G, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi, but is not limited to these. Warning information is generated when the fuse is in an abnormal trend or slightly abnormal state (such as abnormal temperature rise or initial overload), used to alert potential risks. Fault information is generated when a clear fault occurs in the fuse (such as fuse tripping), used to indicate that a fault has occurred. The external receiving device or monitoring system can be a distribution automation master station, a remote monitoring platform, a mobile terminal, or a data receiving gateway, etc. For example, when an abnormal contact temperature rise is detected, a "temperature rise abnormality warning" message is generated and sent to the monitoring platform; when a fuse tripping action is detected, a "fuse tripping fault" message is generated and uploaded, along with current and temperature data before and after the tripping.

[0045] In practical implementation, by integrating a wireless transmission unit inside the fuse, the fuse possesses the ability to actively upload information. When abnormal states such as overload, abnormal contact temperature rise, or fuse tripping are detected, corresponding early warning or fault information can be generated based on the type of abnormality and promptly sent to an external receiving device or monitoring system. This achieves a shift from traditional passive inspection to proactive reporting. Through this method, relevant information can be transmitted to maintenance personnel or the backend system immediately upon the occurrence of an anomaly, avoiding reliance on manual on-site inspections to discover problems, significantly improving fault response speed, and shortening fault handling time.

[0046] Furthermore, by differentiating abnormal status types and generating corresponding information, maintenance personnel can quickly understand the nature of the fault (such as overload, poor contact, or fuse activation), thereby improving fault diagnosis efficiency and reducing misjudgments and repetitive troubleshooting. In addition, remote monitoring via wireless communication enables fuses to be connected to the distribution network's intelligent monitoring system, supporting centralized management and status visualization, which is beneficial for improving the intelligence level and power supply reliability of the distribution system.

[0047] In one embodiment, the process of analyzing the fault type in step S4 includes: The fault type of the fuse is determined based on the combination of the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature before the fuse blows. When the rate of change of current exceeds the preset threshold for the rate of change of current, it is determined to be a short circuit fault. When the rate of change of current is in the rising range and the rate of change of temperature continues to rise, it is determined to be an overload fault. When the current change rate is within a stable range but the temperature change rate increases abnormally, it is determined to be a fuse contact failure. A rising current change rate means the current change rate shows a sustained positive or gradually increasing trend over a period of time, reflecting a gradual increase in current. A stable current change rate means the current change rate is close to zero or fluctuates within a small range, indicating that the current remains basically stable. A continuously increasing temperature change rate means the temperature change rate shows an increasing trend over multiple consecutive sampling periods, reflecting continuous heat accumulation. An abnormally high temperature change rate means the temperature change rate exceeds the preset temperature change rate threshold or is significantly higher than the normal operating level. For example, when the current change rate is 10A / s, which is higher than the preset current change rate threshold of 5A / s, it can be determined as a short circuit fault; when the current change rate gradually increases from 1A / s to 3A / s, and the temperature change rate continuously increases from 2℃ / s to 5℃ / s, it can be determined as an overload fault; when the current change rate is maintained at around 0.2A / s, and the temperature change rate reaches 6℃ / s and is higher than the preset temperature change rate threshold, it can be determined as a contact failure fault.

[0048] In practical implementation, by jointly analyzing the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature before the fuse blows, feature extraction and classification of the fault occurrence process are achieved. This allows the fuse to not only confirm the occurrence of a fault after it blows, but also to further distinguish the fault type, thus overcoming the deficiency of traditional fuses that can only isolate faults but cannot provide information on the cause of the fault. Specifically, when the rate of change of current exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates a sudden increase in current in the circuit, which can be quickly identified as a short-circuit fault. When the rate of change of current is in the rising range and the rate of change of temperature continues to rise, it reflects a gradual increase in load accompanied by the accumulation of thermal effects, thus identifying an overload fault. When the rate of change of current is in the stable range and the rate of change of temperature rises abnormally, it can effectively identify local heating caused by increased contact resistance, thus identifying a contact failure fault.

[0049] By employing the aforementioned multi-parameter combination judgment method, this invention can effectively distinguish between different fault types, improving the accuracy and specificity of fault identification. This helps maintenance personnel quickly locate the cause of faults, reduce the scope of troubleshooting, and improve fault handling efficiency. Furthermore, this method utilizes operational data before fuse failure for analysis, obtaining fault judgment criteria without the need for additional detection devices. It boasts advantages such as simplicity and strong applicability, facilitating its widespread application in power distribution systems. Through the extraction and classification analysis of multi-parameter change characteristics before fuse failure, the function is upgraded from "fault detection" to "fault identification and diagnosis," significantly enhancing the intelligence level of fuses.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, the comprehensive criterion is not only based on the parameter value at a single moment, but also on the comprehensive analysis of the changing trend over multiple consecutive sampling periods. Specifically, the comprehensive criterion can be constructed based on the current change rate sequence and the temperature change rate sequence within a preset time window.

[0051] Preferably, within a preset time window, the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature are continuously sampled, and a comprehensive criterion is constructed in the following manner: (1) The trend criterion includes comparing the current change rate sequence and temperature change rate sequence within multiple consecutive sampling periods. When the sequence meets the conditions of continuous increase, continuous stability or sudden change, it is determined to be the corresponding trend state. (2) Correlation criterion analysis is used to analyze the coupling relationship between the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature in order to distinguish the temperature rise caused by load change and the temperature rise caused by contact resistance change; (3) The state criteria combine the drop state information to jointly determine the mechanical and electrical state of the fuse.

[0052] The comprehensive criteria constructed in the above manner can simultaneously reflect the instantaneous change characteristics and dynamic evolution trend of the fuse, thereby improving the accuracy of abnormal state identification.

[0053] In the specific implementation process, the process of generating early warning information in step S4 includes: When the trend of the fuse's operating status change characterized by comprehensive criteria reaches the preset warning threshold, a warning message is generated before the fuse blows. The operating status change trend of the fuse is characterized by the rate of change of current, the rate of change of temperature, and their correlation. Preset warning thresholds include a current rate of change threshold, a temperature rate of change threshold, and a combination of these thresholds. When the current rate of change and the temperature rate of change meet the conditions corresponding to the preset warning thresholds, the operating status change trend is determined to have reached the warning condition. The operating status change trend refers to the evolution of the fuse's operating status over time, reflected by the current rate of change, the temperature rate of change, and their correlation, such as a continuous increasing trend, a sudden change trend, or a coupled change trend. The combined threshold refers to a judgment condition composed of multiple parameters, such as: the temperature rate of change is greater than the first threshold and the current rate of change is in a stable range; the current rate of change and the temperature rate of change simultaneously exceed their respective thresholds by a certain proportion. For example, when the temperature rate of change rises continuously and exceeds 3℃ / s, and the current rate of change remains below 1A / s, the operating status change trend can be determined to have reached the warning threshold, generating an abnormal temperature rise warning; when the current rate of change and the temperature rate of change both show an upward trend and approach their respective upper threshold limits, an overload risk warning can be generated.

[0054] In practical implementation, the operating status of the fuse is analyzed by examining the trends in current change rate, temperature change rate, and their correlation. When these trends reach a preset warning threshold, a warning message is generated before the fuse actually blows, thus achieving proactive fault identification and early warning. Compared to traditional methods that only respond after a fuse blows, this invention can issue a warning in the early stages of a fault, allowing maintenance personnel time to address the issue and effectively preventing further deterioration.

[0055] Furthermore, this invention introduces "changing trends" as the criterion for judgment, rather than parameter values ​​at a single moment, making the early warning judgment more stable and reliable. This effectively reduces false alarms caused by instantaneous fluctuations or noise, improving the accuracy of early warnings. In addition, by incorporating the correlation between the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature into the early warning criteria, the system can comprehensively reflect the coupling relationship between changes in electrical load and changes in thermal effects, thereby more accurately distinguishing between normal operation fluctuations and abnormal development trends, enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of early warnings.

[0056] Through the above methods, this invention achieves a shift from "post-fault response" to "pre-risk warning," significantly improving the proactiveness of fuse operation monitoring and the safety assurance capabilities of the power distribution system. By employing a warning mechanism based on multi-parameter change trends, abnormal fuse states are detected and proactively warned in advance, effectively enhancing system safety and operational foresight.

[0057] A second aspect of this invention provides an intelligent fuse for implementing the application method of the intelligent fuse as described in the first aspect, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes an insulating support 10 and a fusible tube 30, which integrates a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, a gravity sensing unit, and a wireless transmission unit. The insulating bracket 10 is equipped with a first bracket 21 and a second bracket 22 that are relatively distributed. The first bracket 21 is equipped with a compression spring 40 that is pressed and engaged with the first moving contact 31 of the fusible tube 30. The second moving contact 32 of the fusible tube 30 is mounted on the second bracket 22. The fuse tube 30 is used to detach from the insulating support 10 by drop after the fuse has melted. The fuse tube 30 is a component that houses the fuse and performs the functions of conduction and melting. It integrates a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, a gravity sensing unit, and a wireless transmission unit. The gravity sensing unit is used to detect changes in the attitude or position of the fuse tube 30, such as by detecting changes in acceleration or tilt angle to determine whether the fuse tube 30 has fallen.

[0058] In practical implementation, by integrating multiple sensing units and communication units into the fuse tube 30, the fuse can maintain its original mechanical structure and fuse protection function while having the ability to sense operating current, temperature of key parts and drop status in real time, thereby realizing the functional upgrade from the traditional "no monitoring capability" to "multi-parameter online monitoring".

[0059] By coordinating the temperature acquisition unit and the current acquisition unit, electrical parameters and thermal characteristics data during the operation of the fuse can be obtained, providing a data foundation for subsequent operation status analysis and fault diagnosis; the gravity sensing unit can obtain the drop status information of the fuse tube 30 in real time, thereby accurately identifying the fuse breaking action; the wireless transmission unit can remotely send the monitoring data and judgment results to the external system, realizing remote monitoring of the fuse operation status.

[0060] Furthermore, by setting a first support 21 and a second support 22 on the insulating support 10, and by setting a compression spring 40 on the first support 21 to press against the first moving contact 31 of the fuse element 30, the present invention ensures that the fuse element 30 maintains reliable electrical contact during normal operation and can quickly fall and separate under gravity after the fuse blows. This ensures both the reliability of the electrical connection and the sensitivity and safety of the fuse action. Through the above structural design, the present invention integrates monitoring, diagnostic, and communication functions without significantly altering the basic structure of traditional drop-out fuses. It has the advantages of reasonable structure, ease of modification, and widespread application, which is beneficial to improving the intelligence level and operational reliability of power distribution systems.

[0061] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first support 21 has a first stationary contact 211 arranged adjacent to the first moving contact 31, and the second support 22 has a second stationary contact 221 arranged adjacent to the second moving contact 32. The moving contact refers to a conductive contact that moves with the fusible tube 30 or can change position relative to the support, and is used to form or disconnect an electrical connection with the stationary contact. The stationary contact is a conductive contact fixedly mounted on the insulating support 10, and is used to cooperate with the moving contact to form an electrical connection.

[0062] In practical implementation, by setting a corresponding mating structure between the moving and stationary contacts, the fuse tube 30 can form a stable and reliable conductive circuit with the insulating support 10 under normal operating conditions, thereby ensuring normal current transmission. The adjacent arrangement of the moving and stationary contacts helps improve contact alignment and contact area, reduces contact resistance, and minimizes localized heating caused by poor contact, thus enhancing the operational stability of the fuse.

[0063] Working Principle: This invention provides an intelligent fuse and its application method. By setting a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, and a gravity sensing unit within the fuse tube 30, it can collect real-time information on the line current, contact and / or key parts of the fuse tube 30 temperature, and fuse drop-out status during fuse operation. This overcomes the limitations of traditional drop-out fuses, which only have overcurrent protection functions and cannot monitor operating status online, achieving simultaneous acquisition of multi-dimensional operating parameters of the fuse. By analyzing and judging the fuse's operating status through comprehensive criteria, the fuse can not only identify overload conditions but also abnormal contact temperature rise and fuse tripping status, thus significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of identifying abnormal fuse operating states and avoiding misjudgments or missed judgments caused by relying solely on a single current signal.

[0064] Furthermore, when a fuse is determined to be in an abnormal state, this invention can promptly generate and output corresponding early warning or fault information. This helps maintenance personnel to detect potential hazards such as poor contact or abnormal load in advance, improving equipment operation safety and reducing the risk of equipment damage and fault escalation. After the fuse blows, this invention can also analyze the fault type of the fuse by combining current and temperature change data before and after the blow, to assist in fault location, thereby improving the efficiency of fault diagnosis and troubleshooting, shortening power outage processing time, and enhancing the reliability of power distribution network supply and the level of intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0065] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for applying an intelligent fuse, the intelligent fuse comprising a fuse tube, wherein the fuse tube contains a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, and a gravity sensing unit, characterized in that, include: Step S1: The current acquisition unit collects the line current during the operation of the fuse in real time, the temperature acquisition unit collects the temperature of the fuse contacts and / or key parts of the fuse tube in real time, and the gravity sensing unit obtains the fuse drop status information. Step S2 involves performing correlation processing on the collected current data, temperature data, and drop status information. Based on the current data and temperature data, the current change rate and temperature change rate are calculated, and combined with the drop status information, a comprehensive criterion for characterizing the fuse's operating status is constructed. The comprehensive criterion includes a current change rate threshold, a temperature change rate threshold, and a correlation rule between the current change rate and the temperature change rate. Step S3: Analyze the operating status of the fuse according to the comprehensive criteria to determine whether the fuse is in an abnormal state; the abnormal state includes at least overload state, abnormal contact temperature rise state, and fuse tripping state. Step S4: When it is determined that the fuse is in an abnormal state, generate and output the corresponding warning information or fault information; after the fuse blows, combine the current data and temperature change data before and after the blow to analyze the fault type of the fuse in order to assist in fault location.

2. The method of applying a smart fuse of claim 1, wherein, Step S2 includes: Step S21: Calculate the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature based on the current data and the temperature data; Step S22: Perform correlation analysis between the current change rate and the temperature change rate, and combine the drop state information to construct a multi-parameter correlation relationship reflecting the operating state of the fuse; Step S23: Based on the multi-parameter correlation, construct a comprehensive criterion including a trend determination rule, wherein the trend determination rule is determined based on the change characteristics of the current change rate sequence and the temperature change rate sequence.

3. The method of applying a smart fuse of claim 2, wherein, Step S21 includes: Step S211: Calculate the change in current value at adjacent times by continuously collecting multiple sets of current data from the current acquisition unit within a preset time interval, and obtain the current change rate based on the change and the time interval. Step S212: Calculate the change in temperature value at adjacent times by continuously collecting multiple sets of temperature data within the preset time interval using the temperature acquisition unit, and obtain the temperature change rate based on the change and the time interval.

4. The method of applying a smart fuse of claim 3, wherein, The preset time interval is adaptively adjusted according to the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature. When the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature increases, the preset time interval is shortened; when the rate of change of current and / or the rate of change of temperature decreases, the preset time interval is extended.

5. The method of applying a smart fuse of claim 2, wherein, In step S3, the process of determining the abnormal temperature rise of the contact points includes: When the temperature change rate is greater than a preset temperature change rate threshold and the current change rate is lower than a preset current change rate threshold, it is determined that the fuse has an abnormal contact temperature rise state.

6. The method of applying a smart fuse of claim 1, wherein, In step S3, the process of determining the fuse tripping status includes: When the gravity sensing unit detects that the fuse is in a falling state and the current data drops below a preset current threshold within a preset time, it determines that the fuse has blown.

7. The method of applying a smart fuse of claim 1, wherein, The smart fuse also includes a wireless transmission unit, and step S4 includes: Step S41: When it is determined that the fuse is in an abnormal state, generate corresponding early warning information or fault information according to the type of abnormal state. Step S42: The warning information or fault information is sent to an external receiving device or monitoring system through the wireless transmitting unit to remotely monitor the operating status of the fuse.

8. The method of applying a smart fuse of claim 2, wherein, In step S4, the process of analyzing the fault type includes: The fault type of the fuse is determined based on the combination of the rate of change of current and the rate of change of temperature before the fuse blows. When the rate of change of current is greater than a preset rate of change of current threshold, it is determined to be a short circuit fault; When the rate of change of current is in the rising range and the rate of change of temperature continues to rise, it is determined to be an overload fault; When the current change rate is in a stable range and the temperature change rate rises abnormally, it is determined to be a fault of poor contact of the fuse contacts.

9. The method of applying a smart fuse of claim 2, wherein, The process of generating early warning information in step S4 includes: When the trend of the fuse operating status change characterized by the comprehensive criterion reaches the preset warning threshold, a warning message is generated before the fuse blows. The trend of the fuse's operating status change is characterized by the rate of change of current, the rate of change of temperature, and their correlation. The preset warning threshold includes the current rate of change threshold, the temperature rate of change threshold, and their combination threshold. When the current rate of change and the temperature rate of change meet the conditions corresponding to the preset warning threshold, the trend of the operating status change is determined to have reached the warning condition.

10. A smart fuse, used to implement the application method of the smart fuse as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It includes an insulating support and a fusible tube, wherein the fusible tube integrates a temperature acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, a gravity sensing unit, and a wireless transmission unit; The insulating support is equipped with a first support and a second support that are distributed opposite to each other. A clamping spring that presses against the first moving contact of the fusion tube is installed on the first support, and the second moving contact of the fusion tube is installed on the second support. The fusion fitting is used to detach from the insulating support by dropping after the fuse has melted.

11. The intelligent fuse according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first support is provided with a first stationary contact arranged adjacent to the first moving contact, and the second support is provided with a second stationary contact arranged adjacent to the second moving contact.

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