A quantum state transmission method and device and a quantum computer

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of quantum computer technology, specifically to a quantum state transmission method, apparatus, and quantum computer. This application achieves the merging and transmission of global gates by using the target transmission bit and associated global gates as transmission queue parameters for the selected global gates. This reduces the number of quantum state transmissions and effectively improves the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits. Secondly, when the selected global gate is a determined associated global gate, the global gate in the next execution sequence of the determined associated global gate in the quantum circuit is selected as the chosen global gate according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit. By eliminating determined associated global gates, the redundant computation of searching for and merging global gates is avoided, reducing the amount of computational result data and thus reducing the storage space occupied by the data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum computer technology, and in particular to a quantum state transmission method, apparatus, and quantum computer. Background Technology

[0002] Distributed quantum circuit compilation employs various technical approaches, such as circuit slicing, quantum state transfer, and nonlocal quantum gate operations. While distributed quantum computing schemes based on circuit slicing require only classical communication, their sampling complexity increases exponentially and is therefore not considered. In recent years, significant progress has been made in entanglement-based quantum communication, quantum teleportation, and direct quantum state transfer based on quantum interconnects, enabling the transfer of quantum gates and quantum states between qubit processing units (QPUs).

[0003] Existing technologies propose a merging transmission model where consecutive global gates sharing a common qubit are transmitted through a single teleportation. Merging transmission requires two conditions: first, multiple consecutive global gates; and second, they sharing a common qubit. However, the process of determining the global gates for merging transmission in existing technologies is complex, leading to low computational efficiency. Furthermore, since each global gate performs calculations for other global gates it merges with, the computational results are excessive, resulting in significant data storage requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a quantum state transmission method, apparatus, and quantum computer to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] This specification provides an embodiment of a quantum state transmission method, including:

[0006] Obtain quantum circuits that include at least global gates determined by a distributed quantum processor;

[0007] The global gate in the quantum circuit is selected according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit. For the selected global gate, the process of obtaining one bit of the effect of the selected global gate as the target transmission bit is repeated. The associated global gate that is merged with the target transmission bit of the selected global gate for transmission is determined. The target transmission bit and the associated global gate are used as the transmission queue parameters of the selected global gate, and the queue parameters are added to the transmission list. When the selected global gate is an already determined associated global gate, the global gate in the next execution timing of the already determined associated global gate in the quantum circuit is selected as the selected global gate according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit.

[0008] Once all global gates in the quantum circuit have been selected, the quantum states of the selected global gates and associated global gates are transmitted based on the target transmission bits in the transmission list composed of transmission queue parameters.

[0009] Optionally, selecting the global gate in the quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit includes:

[0010] Select all global gates at different sorting positions within the same time sequence in the quantum circuit, from front to back, according to the execution time sequence of the quantum circuit.

[0011] Optionally, determining the associated global gate for combined transmission with the target transmission bits of the selected global gate includes:

[0012] The relevant logic gate between the selected global gate and the second logic gate is determined as the associated global gate. The second logic gate is the logic gate that has a negative impact on the quantum state of the logic gate due to the target transmitted bit, or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit. The relevant logic gate is the logic gate that has a positive impact on the quantum state of the logic gate due to the target transmitted bit.

[0013] Optionally, obtaining a bit of the selected global gate as the target transmission bit includes:

[0014] Obtain any bit of the effect of the selected global gate as the target transmission bit;

[0015] Alternatively, for all qubits acting on a selected global gate, the transmission bit with the largest total impact cost is determined as the target transmission bit of the selected global gate. Here, the total impact cost is the sum of the transmission impact costs of logic gates, including the associated global gate and the second logic gate. The transmission impact cost is the product of the impact factor value and the impact weight corresponding to the logic gate. The impact factor value corresponding to the logic gate is determined according to one of the positive, negative, or no impact of the target transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate. The impact weight is determined by the ranking position of the quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

[0016] Optionally, the impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is the opposite of the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact, and the impact factor value corresponding to the no impact is 0.

[0017] Optionally, the impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is +1; the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact is -1.

[0018] Optionally, when the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is positive, transmitting the subsequent logic gate by merging the transmitted bits reduces the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate; when the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is negative, transmitting the subsequent logic gate by not merging the transmitted bits increases the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate; wherein, the transmission cost is inversely proportional to the transmission impact cost.

[0019] Optionally, the global gate refers to the logic gate of at least two processors corresponding to the distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit;

[0020] When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is positive, the logic gate is a global gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate;

[0021] When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is negative, the logic gate is a local gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is located in the target processor containing the first global gate transmitted bit; the local gate refers to at least two quantum ratio logic gates of a processor corresponding to a distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit;

[0022] When the transmission bit has no effect on the quantum state of the logic gate, the logic gate is a local gate or a global gate that is unrelated to the transmission bit of the first global gate.

[0023] Optionally, the influence weights are determined by the ordering position of subsequent quantum logic gates relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate, including:

[0024] The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly negatively correlated with the distance of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate;

[0025] Alternatively, the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target is linearly positively correlated with the distance from any subsequent quantum logic gate of the target to the second logic gate;

[0026] The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate.

[0027] This specification also provides a quantum state transmission device, comprising:

[0028] A quantum circuit acquisition module is used to acquire quantum circuits that include at least a global gate determined by a distributed quantum processor.

[0029] The transmission list generation module is used to select global gates in the quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit. For the selected global gate, it repeatedly executes the process of obtaining a bit that the selected global gate affects as the target transmission bit, determining the associated global gates that are merged and transmitted with the target transmission bit of the selected global gate, and using the target transmission bit and the associated associated global gates as transmission queue parameters for the selected global gate, and adding the queue parameters to the transmission list. When the selected global gate is an already determined associated global gate, the module selects the global gate in the next execution timing of the already determined associated global gate in the quantum circuit as the selected global gate according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit.

[0030] The quantum state transmission module is used to transmit the quantum states of the selected global gate and associated global gate based on the target transmission bits in the transmission list composed of transmission queue parameters, until all global gates in the quantum circuit have been selected.

[0031] A quantum control system that performs quantum computing tasks using the quantum state transmission method described above, or includes the quantum state transmission device described above.

[0032] A quantum computer, comprising a quantum control system as described above.

[0033] A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, enables the quantum state transmission method described above.

[0034] Its beneficial effects are as follows: This application first obtains a quantum circuit that includes at least global gates determined by a distributed quantum processor; then, it selects global gates in the quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit; for the selected global gate, it repeatedly executes the process of obtaining a bit of the selected global gate as the target transmission bit, determining the associated global gate that is merged with the target transmission bit of the selected global gate for transmission, and using the target transmission bit and the associated associated global gate as the transmission queue parameters of the selected global gate, and adding the queue parameters to the transmission list; until all global gates in the quantum circuit have been selected, the quantum states of the selected global gate and the associated global gate are transmitted based on the target transmission bits in the transmission list composed of the transmission queue parameters. By using the target transmission bit and the associated global gate as the transmission queue parameters for the selected global gate, the number of quantum state transmissions can be reduced, effectively improving the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits. Secondly, when the selected global gate is a determined associated global gate, the global gate in the next execution sequence of the determined associated global gate in the quantum circuit is selected as the selected global gate according to the execution sequence of the quantum circuit. By eliminating the determined associated global gate, the repeated calculation of finding the global gate for merging and transmission is avoided, reducing the amount of computation result data, thereby reducing the storage space occupied by the data. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission, provided as an embodiment of this specification;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum circuit with a transmission bit of q0 provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0038] Figure 3 Another quantum circuit diagram provided for embodiments of this specification;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a quantum circuit with q3 transmission bits provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a quantum circuit with different effects for an embodiment of this specification;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a device for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission, provided as an embodiment of this specification;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable medium provided for embodiments of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0045] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0046] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0047] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0048] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0049] Reference Figure 1A flowchart of a quantum state transmission method provided in the embodiments of this specification includes: S101: acquiring a quantum circuit that includes at least a global gate determined by a distributed quantum processor; S102: selecting a global gate in the quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit; for the selected global gate, repeatedly acquiring a bit acting on the selected global gate as a target transmission bit, determining the associated global gate to be transmitted in conjunction with the target transmission bit of the selected global gate, and using the target transmission bit and the associated associated global gate as transmission queue parameters of the selected global gate, and adding the queue parameters to the transmission list; wherein, when the selected global gate is an already determined associated global gate, the global gate in the next execution timing of the already determined associated global gate in the quantum circuit is selected as the selected global gate according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit; S103: until all global gates in the quantum circuit have been selected, transmitting the quantum state of the selected global gate and the associated global gate based on the target transmission bit in the transmission list composed of the transmission queue parameters.

[0050] In one alternative embodiment, a quantum circuit is first obtained, comprising at least a global gate determined by a distributed quantum processor, to... Figure 2 Taking the quantum circuit shown as an example, the global gate in the quantum circuit, namely global gate G0, is selected according to the execution time sequence of the quantum circuit. For global gate G0, one of the two qubits that global gate G0 acts on is selected as the target transmission bit. For example, if qubit q0 is selected as the target transmission bit, then the subsequent logic gates are traversed according to the execution time sequence starting from the current global gate to determine the associated global gates that are merged and transmitted with the target transmission bit q0 selected by the current global gate G0. That is, the associated global gates of the current global gate G0 are determined to be G2 and G9. Then, the target transmission bit q0 and the associated associated global gates G2 and G9 are used as the transmission queue parameters of the selected global gate, and the queue parameters are added to the transmission list. By using the target transmission bit and the associated associated global gates as the transmission queue parameters of the selected global gate, the merging and transmission of global gates can be achieved, which can reduce the number of quantum state transmissions and effectively improve the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

[0051] Then, the next global gate is selected according to the execution sequence, and the above process is repeated until all global gates in the quantum circuit are selected. Based on the target transmission bit in the transmission list composed of all transmission queue parameters, the quantum states of the selected global gate and associated global gate are transmitted. For example, the quantum states of the selected global gate G0 and associated global gates G2 and G9 are transmitted with q0 as the target transmission bit, and the quantum states of the selected global gate G6 and associated global gate G7 are transmitted with q1 as the target transmission bit.

[0052] It should be noted that when a global gate is selected as a known associated global gate, the global gate in the next execution sequence of the known associated global gate in the quantum circuit is selected as the selected global gate according to the execution sequence of the quantum circuit. For example, if the quantum bit q0 acting on global gate G0 is selected as the target transmission bit, then the associated global gates G2 and G9 are known associated global gates. In this case, in order to reduce redundant calculations, associated global gate G2 will not be selected as the global gate for subsequent calculations. Therefore, the global gate G4 in the next execution sequence of the known associated global gate G2 will be selected as the global gate and the above process will be repeated. By eliminating the known associated global gates, the redundant calculation of finding and merging transmission global gates is avoided, the amount of calculation result data is reduced, and thus the storage space occupied by the data is reduced.

[0053] Optionally, the step of selecting global gates in a quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit includes: selecting all global gates in the quantum circuit at different sorting positions within the same timing sequence from front to back according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, since multiple global gates may exist within the same time sequence in this quantum circuit, it is necessary to select all global gates at different sorting positions within the same time sequence in the quantum circuit, namely global gate G0 and global gate G1, according to the execution time sequence of the quantum circuit. Then, using qubit q0 and qubit q5 as the target transmission bits of global gate G0 and global gate G1 respectively, the associated global gates of global gate G0 and global gate G1 are determined, as well as the associated global gates that are merged and transmitted with the target transmission bits of global gate G0 and global gate G1 respectively. The associated global gate of global gate G0 is G2, and the associated global gate of global gate G1 is G3. The target transmission bits q0 and q5 and the associated global gates are used as the transmission queue parameters of the selected global gates, and the queue parameters are added to the transmission list. Since the target transmission bits of these two global gates are not in the same partition, that is, the target transmission bit q0 is in partition P1 and the target transmission bit q5 is in partition P2, the quantum state can be transmitted to different quantum processors at the same time, saving transmission time and improving quantum computing efficiency.

[0055] Optionally, determining the associated global gate for transmission of the target transmission bit combined with the selected global gate includes: determining the relevant logic gate between the selected global gate and the second logic gate as the associated global gate, wherein the second logic gate is the logic gate in which the target transmission bit has a negative impact on the quantum state of the logic gate, or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit, and the relevant logic gate refers to the logic gate in which the target transmission bit has a positive impact on the quantum state of the logic gate.

[0056] In an alternative embodiment, the associated global gate is further defined, such as Figure 2As shown, for global gate G0, when the target transmission bit is determined to be q0, the associated global gates of the current global gate G0 are G2 and G9. However, since the target transmission bit q0 has a negative impact on the quantum state of the associated global gate G9, it will cause repeated data transmission, resulting in an increase in data transmission volume. On the other hand, the target transmission bit q0 has a positive impact on the quantum state of global gate G2, which will reduce the number of quantum state transmissions. Therefore, the related logic gate between the current global gate G0 and the second logic gate G9 is determined as the associated global gate. That is, when the target transmission bit is q0, the associated global gate of global gate G0 is only global gate G2. This will not cause repeated data transmission, and at the same time reduce the number of quantum state transmissions, effectively improving the computational efficiency of the distributed quantum circuit.

[0057] Optionally, obtaining a bit of the selected global gate's effect as the target transmission bit includes: obtaining any bit of the selected global gate's effect as the target transmission bit; or, for all qubits of the selected global gate's effect, determining the transmission bit with the largest total influence cost as the target transmission bit of the selected global gate, wherein the total influence cost is the sum of the transmission influence costs of the logic gates, including the associated global gate and the second logic gate, and the transmission influence cost is the product of the influence factor value and influence weight corresponding to the logic gate. The influence factor value corresponding to the logic gate is determined according to one of the positive influence, negative influence, or no influence of the target transmission bit on the existence of the logic gate's quantum state, and the influence weight is determined by the ranking position of the quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

[0058] In one optional embodiment, a quantum circuit with logic gates arranged in sequence and including at least a global gate is obtained. One of the qubits acting on the first global gate in the quantum circuit is used as the transmission bit. The corresponding influence factor value is determined according to one of the following cases: positive influence, negative influence, or no influence on the quantum state of the logic gate. The subsequent logic gates arranged after the first global gate are traversed in order of logic gates until a second logic gate is detected. The second logic gate is either a logic gate with a negative influence or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit. The total transmission influence cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmission bit is determined according to the transmission influence cost determined by the influence factor value and the influence weight. The influence weight is determined by the order position of the subsequent quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

[0059] Specifically, first obtain a quantum circuit with logic gates arranged in order and including at least global gates, such as Figure 2As shown, the qubit q0 acting on the first global gate G0 in the quantum circuit is used as the transmission bit, and the corresponding influence factor value is determined according to one of the positive, negative and no influence of the transmission bit q0 on the quantum state of other logic gates in the quantum circuit. In order to ensure that the positive and negative influences are relative, the influence factor value corresponding to the positive influence is the opposite of the influence factor value corresponding to the negative influence, and the influence factor value corresponding to no influence is 0, so as to avoid the logic gates without influence from affecting the calculation of the total cost of subsequent transmission influence.

[0060] For example, if the influence factor value corresponding to a positive influence is +1, then the influence factor value corresponding to a negative influence is -1. Therefore, when the transmitted bit is q0, the influence factor values ​​of the transmitted bit q0 on the other logic gates in the quantum circuit are as follows: If the transmitted bit q0 has no influence on the quantum states of logic gates G1, G3, G4, G5, and G6 in the quantum circuit, then the influence factor values ​​for logic gates G1, G3, G4, G5, and G6 are 0; if the transmitted bit q0 has a positive influence on the quantum state of logic gate G2 in the quantum circuit, then the influence factor value for logic gate G2 is 1; if the transmitted bit q0 has a negative influence on the quantum state of logic gate G7 in the quantum circuit, then the influence factor value for logic gate G7 is -1.

[0061] Then, the logic gates arranged after the first global gate G0 are traversed in order of logic gates until the second logic gate is detected. The second logic gate is either a logic gate with a negative impact or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the logic gates are traversed and detected in order of logic gates following the first global gate G0. The detected second logic gate is logic gate G7. Finally, the total transmission impact cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate is determined based on the transmission impact cost determined by the influence factor value and influence weight. The influence weight is determined by the order of the subsequent quantum logic gates relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate. Specifically, the total transmission impact cost can be calculated using the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, F qi E represents the total cost of transmission impact. qi D represents the impact factor value. p -k represents the influence weight, D p It represents the influence distance from the second logic gate to the first global gate, where qi is the qubit numbered i and k is the distance number of the logic gate.

[0064] like Figure 2As shown, using the above formula, the total cost F of the transmission impact of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bit q0 can be calculated. q0 = (8-2)*1+(8-7)*(-1)=5; The total transmission impact cost represents the optimization effect of selecting the transmission bit q of the current global gate on the subsequent quantum gate transmission. The larger the total transmission impact cost, the better the optimization effect of transmission based on that transmission bit.

[0065] The lower the cost of quantum transmission, the fewer quantum state transmissions can be achieved. Therefore, by using the transmission bit with the highest total transmission cost as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission, the number of quantum state transmissions can be reduced, effectively improving the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

[0066] Based on the above method, when the qubit q3, which acts as the first global gate G0 in the quantum circuit, is selected as the transmission bit, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the influence distance D p =8-0+1=9, so the total cost F of the transmission impact of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bit q3 can be calculated. q3 = (9-4)*1+(9-5)*1+(9-8)*(-1)=8. Therefore, for all qubits affected by the first global gate, the one with the largest total cost is selected as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission of the first global gate. That is, qubit q3 is selected as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission of the first global gate. This avoids transmitting the quantum states generated when qubits are affected by logic gates G4 and G5, reduces the number of quantum state transmissions, and effectively improves the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

[0067] In one optional embodiment, when the effect of the transmitted bits on the quantum state of subsequent logic gates is positive, the transmission cost of subsequent logic gates is reduced by merging the transmitted bits during transmission; specifically, as shown in the example... Figure 2 As shown, global gates G0 and G2 on the quantum circuit have a common qubit q0, and global gates G0 and G2 belong to the same partition of global gates. Therefore, when qubit q0 is used as the transmission bit, global gates G0 and G2 can be merged and transmitted to the target partition, that is, the quantum state of q0 is transmitted from region P1 to region P2 without transmitting the quantum state twice. Therefore, the number of communication transmissions can be saved, which has a positive effect and reduces the transmission cost of subsequent logic gates.

[0068] When the transmitted bits have a negative impact on the quantum state of subsequent logic gates, the transmitted bits cannot be combined with subsequent logic gates to avoid increasing the transmission cost of subsequent logic gates; specifically, for example... Figure 2As shown, the global gate G0 and logic gate G7 on the quantum circuit have a common qubit q0. However, logic gate G7 is only executed in partition P1 and does not need to be transmitted. Therefore, when qubit q0 is used as a transmission bit for quantum state transmission, it will cause unnecessary quantum state transmission, thereby increasing the communication transmission cost. Therefore, the transmission bit q0 has a negative impact on the quantum state of logic gate G7.

[0069] A global gate whose partition does not perfectly match the partition of the current global gate, or a logic gate that does not act on the transmitted qubit, has no effect on the quantum state of the transmitted bit of the current global gate. Figure 2 As shown, when the transmitted qubit is q0, there is no influence between global gates G0 and G6, and also no influence between global gate G0 and logic gates G4 and G5. That is, the transmitted qubit has no effect on the quantum states of these logic gates, and the influence of these logic gates on the quantum states does not need to be considered. Furthermore, the transmission cost is inversely proportional to the transmission influence cost; the lower the transmission cost of the quantum state, the higher its transmission influence cost. Therefore, the optimal qubit for transmitting the quantum state can be determined based on the value of the transmission influence cost to reduce the transmission cost.

[0070] Optionally, the global gate refers to the logic gate of at least two processors corresponding to the distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit; when the influence of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is positive, the logic gate is a global gate that acts on the transmission bit and is to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate; when the influence of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is negative, the logic gate is a local gate that acts on the transmission bit and is located in the target processor containing the transmission bit of the first global gate; the local gate refers to the logic gate of at least two qubits of one processor corresponding to the distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit; when the influence of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is no effect, the logic gate is a local gate or a global gate that is not related to the transmission bit of the first global gate.

[0071] In one alternative embodiment, a global gate refers to the logic gates in a quantum circuit that correspond to at least two processors of a distributed quantum processor, such as... Figure 5 As shown in diagram a, the quantum circuit is divided into partitions P1 and P2. The quantum circuits in partitions P1 and P2 execute computations in different processors. When at least two qubits acted upon by a logic gate belong to quantum circuits in different partitions, the dual-quantum logic gate is a global gate. Figure 5 The logic gates G0 and G1 shown in diagram a are the global gates mentioned above. For example... Figure 5As shown in Figure a, logic gate G0 is used as the first global gate, and qubit q0 is used as the transmission bit. Since logic gate G1 also acts on qubit q0, and the other qubit q2 acted by logic gate G1 and the qubit q3 acted by the first global gate G0 belong to the same partition P2, logic gate G1 is a global gate that acts on transmission bit q0 and is to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate G0. When quantum state transmission is performed using transmission bit q0, the merging transmission of logic gates can be realized to reduce the number of communication transmissions. Therefore, the influence of transmission bit q0 on the quantum state of logic gate G1 is positive.

[0072] like Figure 5 As shown in diagram b, with logic gate G0 as the first global gate and qubit q0 as the transmission bit, although logic gate G1 also acts on qubit q0, the other qubit q1 acted upon by logic gate G1 does not belong to the same partition P2 as qubit q3 acted upon by the first global gate G0. That is, logic gate G1 acts on transmission bit q0 and is located in the local partition of the target processor containing the first global gate's transmission bit q0. When quantum state transmission is performed using transmission bit q0, since the quantum state of qubit q0 acted upon by logic gate G1 does not need to be transmitted, unnecessary transmission costs are increased. Therefore, the influence of transmission bit q0 on the quantum state of logic gate G1 is negative. Here, "local partition" refers to the qubits acted upon by logic gates in a quantum circuit being located within a partition, i.e., at least two qubit logic gates corresponding to one processor in the distributed quantum processor within the quantum circuit.

[0073] like Figure 5 As shown in Figure c, logic gate G0 is used as the first global gate, and qubit q0 is used as the transmission bit. Since the two qubits acting on logic gate G1 are different from the two qubits acting on the first global gate G0, the first global gate G0 does not affect logic gate G1 when it uses qubit q0 as the transmission bit for quantum state transmission. That is, the transmission bit q0 has no effect on the quantum state of logic gate G1.

[0074] Optionally, the influence weight is determined by the ordering position of the subsequent quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate, including: the influence weight of any target subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly negatively correlated with the distance of any target subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate; or the influence weight of any target subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the distance of any target subsequent quantum logic gate to the second logic gate; or the influence weight of any target subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any target subsequent quantum logic gate.

[0075] In one alternative embodiment, the smaller the distance from any subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate, the smaller the distance number of any subsequent quantum logic gate to the target, and the influence weight is D. p -k, therefore the greater the influence weight, the more linearly negatively correlated the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target is with the distance from the subsequent quantum logic gate of any target to the first global gate. The smaller the distance from the subsequent quantum logic gate of any target to the second logic gate, the larger the distance number of the subsequent quantum logic gate of any target, and the greater the influence weight is D. p -k, so the influence weight will be smaller, that is, the influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the distance from any target's subsequent quantum logic gate to the second logic gate.

[0076] The greater the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any subsequent quantum logic gate for a given target, the greater the influence distance D between the first global gate and the second logic gate. p The ordering position of any target's subsequent quantum logic gates is the distance number k of those gates, and the influence weight is D. p Therefore, the greater the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any subsequent quantum logic gate, the greater the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate. In other words, the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly and positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any subsequent quantum logic gate. Determining the influence weight provides data support for the total transmission influence cost of subsequent transmitted bits, facilitating the selection of suitable qubits as transmission bits to reduce the number of quantum state transmissions and improve the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

[0077] This application determines the total transmission influence cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bit by determining the transmission influence cost based on the influence factor value and influence weight. The higher the total transmission influence cost, the lower the quantum transmission cost. Therefore, by using the transmitted bit with the largest total transmission influence cost as the target transmitted bit for quantum state transmission, the number of quantum state transmissions can be reduced, effectively improving the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

[0078] Reference Figure 6 An embodiment of this specification also provides a quantum state transmission device, comprising:

[0079] Quantum circuit acquisition module 201 is used to acquire quantum circuits that include at least a global gate determined by a distributed quantum processor;

[0080] The transmission list generation module 202 is used to select global gates in the quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit; for the selected global gate, it repeatedly executes the process of obtaining a bit of the selected global gate as the target transmission bit, determining the associated global gates that are merged and transmitted with the target transmission bit of the selected global gate, and using the target transmission bit and the associated associated global gates as the transmission queue parameters of the selected global gate, and adding the queue parameters to the transmission list; wherein, when the selected global gate is an already determined associated global gate, the global gate in the next execution timing of the already determined associated global gate in the quantum circuit is selected as the selected global gate according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit.

[0081] The quantum state transmission module 203 is used to transmit the quantum states of the selected global gate and the associated global gate based on the target transmission bits in the transmission list composed of transmission queue parameters until all global gates in the quantum circuit have been selected.

[0082] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the process of performing each step has been described in detail in the embodiments of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0083] A quantum control system that performs quantum computing tasks using the quantum state transmission method described above, or includes the quantum state transmission device described above.

[0084] A quantum computer, comprising a quantum control system as described above.

[0085] A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, enables the quantum state transmission method described above.

[0086] Reference Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable medium provided for embodiments of this specification.

[0087] accomplish Figure 1 The computer instructions of the method shown can be stored on one or more computer-readable media. A computer-readable medium can be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0088] The computer-readable storage medium may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. The readable storage medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium, capable of transmitting, propagating, or transmitting a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution device, apparatus, or apparatus. The program code contained on the readable storage medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0089] Program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can execute entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving remote computing devices, the remote computing device can be connected to the user's computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0090] In summary, this invention can be implemented in hardware, or as software modules running on one or more processors, or a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will understand that in practice, general-purpose data processing devices such as microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs) can be used to implement some or all of the functions of some or all of the components according to the embodiments of the invention. The invention can also be implemented as a device or apparatus program (e.g., a computer program and computer program product) for performing part or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the invention can be stored on a computer-readable medium or can take the form of one or more signals. Such signals can be downloaded from an Internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

[0091] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not inherently related to any specific computer, virtual device, or electronic device, and various general-purpose devices can also implement the present invention. The above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0092] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0093] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A quantum state transmission method, characterized in that, include: Obtain quantum circuits that include at least global gates determined by a distributed quantum processor; Select the global gate in the quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit; For a selected global gate, the process is repeated to obtain a bit of the effect of the selected global gate as the target transmission bit, determine the associated global gate that is merged with the target transmission bit of the selected global gate for transmission, and use the target transmission bit and the associated associated global gate as the transmission queue parameters of the selected global gate, and add the queue parameters to the transmission list; wherein, when the selected global gate is an already determined associated global gate, the global gate in the next execution time of the already determined associated global gate in the quantum circuit is selected as the selected global gate according to the execution time sequence of the quantum circuit. Once all global gates in the quantum circuit have been selected, the quantum states of the selected global gates and associated global gates are transmitted based on the target transmission bits in the transmission list composed of transmission queue parameters.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of selecting the global gate in the quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit includes: Select all global gates at different sorting positions within the same time sequence in the quantum circuit, from front to back, according to the execution time sequence of the quantum circuit.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the associated global gate for the combined transmission of target transmission bits with the selected global gate includes: The relevant logic gate between the selected global gate and the second logic gate is determined as the associated global gate. The second logic gate is the logic gate that has a negative impact on the quantum state of the logic gate due to the target transmitted bit, or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit. The relevant logic gate is the logic gate that has a positive impact on the quantum state of the logic gate due to the target transmitted bit.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of obtaining a bit of the selected global gate as the target transmission bit includes: Obtain any bit of the effect of the selected global gate as the target transmission bit; Alternatively, for all qubits acting on a selected global gate, the transmission bit with the largest total impact cost is determined as the target transmission bit of the selected global gate. Here, the total impact cost is the sum of the transmission impact costs of logic gates, including the associated global gate and the second logic gate. The transmission impact cost is the product of the impact factor value and the impact weight corresponding to the logic gate. The impact factor value corresponding to the logic gate is determined according to one of the positive, negative, or no impact of the target transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate. The impact weight is determined by the ranking position of the quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is the opposite of the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact, and the impact factor value corresponding to the no impact is 0.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is +1; the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact is -1.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is positive, transmitting the subsequent logic gate by merging the transmitted bits reduces the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate; when the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is negative, transmitting the subsequent logic gate by not merging the transmitted bits increases the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate; where the transmission cost is inversely proportional to the transmission impact cost.

8. The method according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, The global gate refers to the logic gate of at least two processors corresponding to the distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit; when the influence of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is positive, the logic gate is a global gate that acts on the transmission bit and is to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate. When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is negative, the logic gate is a local gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is located in the target processor containing the first global gate transmitted bit; the local gate refers to at least two quantum ratio logic gates of a processor corresponding to a distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit; When the transmission bit has no effect on the quantum state of the logic gate, the logic gate is a local gate or a global gate that is unrelated to the transmission bit of the first global gate.

9. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The influence weights are determined by the ordering position of subsequent quantum logic gates relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate, including: The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly negatively correlated with the distance of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate; Alternatively, the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target is linearly positively correlated with the distance from any subsequent quantum logic gate of the target to the second logic gate; The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate.

10. A quantum state transmission device, characterized in that... ,include: A quantum circuit acquisition module is used to acquire quantum circuits that include at least a global gate determined by a distributed quantum processor. The transmission list generation module is used to select global gates in the quantum circuit according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit. For the selected global gate, it repeatedly executes the process of obtaining a bit that the selected global gate affects as the target transmission bit, determining the associated global gates that are merged and transmitted with the target transmission bit of the selected global gate, and using the target transmission bit and the associated associated global gates as transmission queue parameters for the selected global gate, and adding the queue parameters to the transmission list. When the selected global gate is an already determined associated global gate, the module selects the global gate in the next execution timing of the already determined associated global gate in the quantum circuit as the selected global gate according to the execution timing of the quantum circuit. The quantum state transmission module is used to transmit the quantum states of the selected global gate and associated global gate based on the target transmission bits in the transmission list composed of transmission queue parameters, until all global gates in the quantum circuit have been selected.

11. A quantum computer, characterized in that, The execution of quantum computing tasks is carried out using the quantum state transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, or includes the quantum state transmission device as described in claim 10.

12. A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the quantum state transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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