A method and device for determining the cost of quantum state transmission influence, and a quantum computer

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of quantum computer technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, and quantum computer for determining the influence cost of quantum state transmission. This application determines the total transmission influence cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bit by determining the transmission influence cost based on the influence factor value and influence weight. The higher the total transmission influence cost, the lower the quantum transmission cost. Therefore, by using the transmission bit with the largest total transmission influence cost as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission, the number of quantum state transmissions can be reduced, effectively improving the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum computer technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, and quantum computer for determining the cost of quantum state transmission. Background Technology

[0002] Distributed quantum circuit compilation employs various technical approaches, such as circuit slicing, quantum state transfer, and nonlocal quantum gate operations. While distributed quantum computing schemes based on circuit slicing require only classical communication, their sampling complexity increases exponentially and is therefore not considered. In recent years, significant progress has been made in entanglement-based quantum communication, quantum teleportation, and direct quantum state transfer based on quantum interconnects, enabling the transfer of quantum gates and quantum states between qubit processing units (QPUs).

[0003] However, quantum communication technology is limited by factors such as qubit stability, qubit transmission loss, and environmental noise. These limitations indicate that excessive quantum communication can negatively impact the overall performance of distributed systems. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the frequency of quantum communication within distributed quantum circuits to improve performance metrics such as latency and fidelity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and quantum computer for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission, in order to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] This specification provides an embodiment of a method for determining the cost of quantum state transmission, including:

[0006] Obtain a quantum circuit with logic gates arranged in order and including at least a global gate. Take one of the qubits of the first global gate in the quantum circuit as the transmission bit. Determine the corresponding influence factor value according to one of the positive, negative and no effects of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate.

[0007] The logic gates are sorted and traversed according to their order after the first global gate until the second logic gate is detected. The second logic gate is either the logic gate with a negative impact or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit.

[0008] The transmission impact cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate is determined based on the transmission impact cost determined by the impact factor value and the impact weight. The impact weight is determined by the ordering position of the subsequent quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

[0009] Optionally, the impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is the opposite of the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact, and the impact factor value corresponding to the no impact is 0.

[0010] Optionally, the impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is +1; the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact is -1.

[0011] Optionally, when the influence of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is positive, the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate is reduced by merging the transmitted bits; when the influence of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is negative, the transmitted bits cannot be merged to avoid increasing the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate; wherein, the transmission cost is inversely proportional to the transmission impact cost.

[0012] Optionally, the global gate refers to the logic gate of at least two processors corresponding to the distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit;

[0013] When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is positive, the logic gate is a global gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate;

[0014] When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is negative, the logic gate is a local gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is located in the target processor containing the first global gate transmitted bit; the local gate refers to at least two-qubit logic gates of a processor corresponding to a distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit;

[0015] When the transmission bit has no effect on the quantum state of the logic gate, the logic gate is a local gate or a global gate that is unrelated to the transmission bit of the first global gate.

[0016] Optionally, the influence weights are determined by the ordering position of subsequent quantum logic gates relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate, including:

[0017] The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly negatively correlated with the distance of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate;

[0018] Alternatively, the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target is linearly positively correlated with the distance from any subsequent quantum logic gate of the target to the second logic gate;

[0019] The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate.

[0020] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0021] For all qubits affected by the first global gate, the one with the largest total cost impact is selected as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission through the first global gate.

[0022] This specification also provides an apparatus for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission, comprising:

[0023] A quantum circuit acquisition module is used to acquire a quantum circuit in which logic gates are arranged in order and include at least a global gate. One of the qubits of the first global gate in the quantum circuit is used as the transmission bit. The corresponding influence factor value is determined according to one of the following cases: positive influence, negative influence, or no influence on the quantum state of the logic gate by the transmission bit.

[0024] The logic gate traversal module is used to traverse the subsequent logic gates arranged after the first global gate in order of logic gate order until the second logic gate is detected. The second logic gate is either a logic gate with a negative impact or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit.

[0025] The transmission impact cost determination module is used to determine the total transmission impact cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bits based on the transmission impact cost determined by the impact factor value and the impact weight, wherein the impact weight is determined by the ordering position of the subsequent quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

[0026] A quantum control system that performs quantum computing tasks using the method for determining the cost of quantum state transmission effects as described above, or includes the apparatus for determining the cost of quantum state transmission effects as described above.

[0027] A quantum computer, comprising a quantum control system as described above.

[0028] A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, enables the method described above for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission.

[0029] Its beneficial effects are as follows: This application determines the total transmission influence cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmission bit by determining the transmission influence cost based on the influence factor value and influence weight. The higher the total transmission influence cost, the lower the quantum transmission cost. Therefore, by using the transmission bit with the largest total transmission influence cost as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission, the number of quantum state transmissions can be reduced, effectively improving the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0031] Figure 1A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission, provided as an embodiment of this specification;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum circuit with a transmission bit of q0 provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a quantum circuit with q3 transmission bits provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a quantum circuit with different effects for an embodiment of this specification;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a device for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission, provided as an embodiment of this specification;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable medium provided for embodiments of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0039] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0040] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0041] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0042] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0043] Reference Figure 1The following is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the cost of quantum state transmission impact provided in an embodiment of this specification, comprising: S101: obtaining a quantum circuit with logic gates arranged in sequence and including at least a global gate; taking one of the qubits acting on the first global gate in the quantum circuit as the transmission bit; and determining the corresponding impact factor value according to one of the following cases: positive impact, negative impact, or no impact on the quantum state of the logic gate; S102: traversing the subsequent logic gates arranged after the first global gate in order of logic gates until a second logic gate is detected, wherein the second logic gate is a logic gate with a negative impact, or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit; S103: determining the sum of the transmission impact costs of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmission bit based on the transmission impact cost determined by the impact factor value and the impact weight, wherein the impact weight is determined by the order position of the subsequent quantum logic gates relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

[0044] In one alternative embodiment, a quantum circuit with sequentially arranged logic gates and at least global gates is first obtained, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the qubit q0 acting on the first global gate G0 in the quantum circuit is used as the transmission bit, and the corresponding influence factor value is determined according to one of the positive, negative and no influence of the transmission bit q0 on the quantum state of other logic gates in the quantum circuit. In order to ensure that the positive and negative influences are relative, the influence factor value corresponding to the positive influence is the opposite of the influence factor value corresponding to the negative influence, and the influence factor value corresponding to no influence is 0, so as to avoid the logic gates without influence from affecting the calculation of the total cost of subsequent transmission influence. For example, if the influence factor value corresponding to a positive effect is +1, then the influence factor value corresponding to a negative effect is -1. Therefore, when the transmitted bit is q0, the influence factor values ​​of the transmitted bit q0 on the other logic gates in the quantum circuit are as follows: If the transmitted bit q0 has no effect on the quantum states of logic gates G1, G3, G4, G5, and G6 in the quantum circuit, then the influence factor values ​​for logic gates G1, G3, G4, G5, and G6 are 0; if the transmitted bit q0 has a positive effect on the quantum state of logic gate G2 in the quantum circuit, then the influence factor value for logic gate G2 is 1; if the transmitted bit q0 has a negative effect on the quantum state of logic gate G7 in the quantum circuit, then the influence factor value for logic gate G7 is -1.

[0045] Then, the logic gates arranged after the first global gate G0 are traversed in order of logic gates until the second logic gate is detected. The second logic gate is either a logic gate with a negative impact or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit, such as... Figure 2As shown, the logic gates are traversed and detected in order of logic gates following the first global gate G0. The detected second logic gate is logic gate G7. Finally, the total transmission impact cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate is determined based on the transmission impact cost determined by the influence factor value and influence weight. The influence weight is determined by the order of the subsequent quantum logic gates relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate. Specifically, the total transmission impact cost can be calculated using the following formula:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, F qi E represents the total cost of transmission impact. qi D represents the impact factor value. p -k represents the influence weight, D p It represents the influence distance from the second logic gate to the first global gate, where qi is the qubit numbered i and k is the distance number of the logic gate.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, using the above formula, the total cost F of the transmission impact of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bit q0 can be calculated. q0 = (8-2)*1+(8-7)*(-1)=5; The total transmission impact cost represents the optimization effect of selecting the transmission bit q of the current global gate on the subsequent quantum gate transmission. The larger the total transmission impact cost, the better the optimization effect of transmission based on that transmission bit.

[0049] The lower the cost of quantum transmission, the fewer quantum state transmissions can be achieved. Therefore, by using the transmission bit with the highest total transmission cost as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission, the number of quantum state transmissions can be reduced, effectively improving the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits. Based on the above approach, when selecting qubit q3, which acts on the first global gate G0 in the quantum circuit, as the transmission bit, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the influence distance D p =8-0+1=9, so the total cost F of the transmission impact of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bit q3 can be calculated. q3 = (9-4)*1+(9-5)*1+(9-8)*(-1)=8. Therefore, for all qubits affected by the first global gate, the one with the largest total cost is selected as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission of the first global gate. That is, qubit q3 is selected as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission of the first global gate. This avoids transmitting the quantum states generated when qubits are affected by logic gates G4 and G5, reduces the number of quantum state transmissions, and effectively improves the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

[0050] In one optional embodiment, when the effect of the transmitted bits on the quantum state of subsequent logic gates is positive, the transmission cost of subsequent logic gates is reduced by merging the transmitted bits during transmission; specifically, as shown in the example... Figure 2 As shown, global gates G0 and G2 on the quantum circuit share a common qubit q0, and since they belong to the same partition, when qubit q0 is used as a transmission bit, global gates G0 and G2 can be merged and transmitted to the target partition, i.e., the quantum state of q0 is transmitted from region P1 to region P2 without transmitting the quantum state twice. This saves communication transmissions, has a positive impact, and reduces the transmission cost of subsequent logic gates. Conversely, if the transmission bit has a negative impact on the quantum state of subsequent logic gates, it cannot be merged and transmitted to avoid increasing the transmission cost of those gates.

[0051] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, global gate G0 and logic gate G7 on the quantum circuit share a common qubit q0. However, logic gate G7 only executes within partition P1 and does not require transmission. Therefore, when qubit q0 is used as a transmission bit for quantum state transfer, unnecessary quantum state transmission occurs, increasing communication transmission costs. Thus, the transmission bit q0 has a negative impact on the quantum state of logic gate G7. Global gates whose partitions do not perfectly match the partitions of the current global gate, or logic gates that do not act on the transmission qubit, have no effect on the quantum state of the transmission bit of the current global gate. Figure 2 As shown, when the transmitted qubit is q0, there is no influence between global gates G0 and G6, and also no influence between global gate G0 and logic gates G4 and G5. That is, the transmitted qubit has no effect on the quantum states of these logic gates, and the influence of these logic gates on the quantum states does not need to be considered. Furthermore, the transmission cost is inversely proportional to the transmission influence cost; the lower the transmission cost of the quantum state, the higher its transmission influence cost. Therefore, the optimal qubit for transmitting the quantum state can be determined based on the value of the transmission influence cost to reduce the transmission cost.

[0052] Optionally, the global gate refers to the logic gate of at least two processors corresponding to the distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit; when the influence of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is positive, the logic gate is a global gate that acts on the transmission bit and is to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate; when the influence of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is negative, the logic gate is a local gate that acts on the transmission bit and is located in the target processor containing the transmission bit of the first global gate; the local gate refers to the logic gate of at least two qubits of one processor corresponding to the distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit; when the influence of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is no effect, the logic gate is a local gate or a global gate that is not related to the transmission bit of the first global gate.

[0053] In one alternative embodiment, a global gate refers to a logic gate in a quantum circuit corresponding to at least two processors of a distributed quantum processor, such as... Figure 4 As shown in diagram a, the quantum circuit is divided into partitions P1 and P2. The quantum circuits in partitions P1 and P2 execute computations in different processors. When at least two qubits acted upon by a logic gate belong to quantum circuits in different partitions, the dual-quantum logic gate is a global gate. Figure 4 The logic gates G0 and G1 shown in diagram a are the global gates mentioned above. For example... Figure 4 As shown in diagram a, logic gate G0 is used as the first global gate, and qubit q0 is used as the transmission bit. Since logic gate G1 also acts on qubit q0, and the other qubit q2 acted on by logic gate G1 belongs to the same partition P2 as qubit q3 acted on by the first global gate G0, logic gate G1 is a global gate acting on transmission bit q0 and to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate G0. When quantum state transmission is performed using transmission bit q0, the merging and transmission of logic gates can be achieved, reducing the number of communication transmissions. Therefore, the influence of transmission bit q0 on the quantum state of logic gate G1 is positive. Figure 4As shown in diagram b, with logic gate G0 as the first global gate and qubit q0 as the transmission bit, although logic gate G1 also acts on qubit q0, the other qubit q1 acted upon by logic gate G1 does not belong to the same partition P2 as qubit q3 acted upon by the first global gate G0. That is, logic gate G1 acts on transmission bit q0 and is located in the local partition of the target processor containing the first global gate's transmission bit q0. When quantum state transmission is performed using transmission bit q0, since the quantum state of qubit q0 acted upon by logic gate G1 does not need to be transmitted, unnecessary transmission costs are increased. Therefore, the influence of transmission bit q0 on the quantum state of logic gate G1 is negative. Here, "local partition" refers to the qubits acted upon by logic gates in a quantum circuit being located within a partition, i.e., at least two qubit logic gates corresponding to one processor in the distributed quantum processor within the quantum circuit.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown in Figure c, logic gate G0 is used as the first global gate, and qubit q0 is used as the transmission bit. Since the two qubits acting on logic gate G1 are different from the two qubits acting on the first global gate G0, the first global gate G0 does not affect logic gate G1 when it uses qubit q0 as the transmission bit for quantum state transmission. That is, the transmission bit q0 has no effect on the quantum state of logic gate G1.

[0055] Optionally, the influence weight is determined by the ordering position of the subsequent quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate, including: the influence weight of any target subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly negatively correlated with the distance of any target subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate; or the influence weight of any target subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the distance of any target subsequent quantum logic gate to the second logic gate; or the influence weight of any target subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any target subsequent quantum logic gate.

[0056] In one alternative embodiment, the smaller the distance from any subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate, the smaller the distance number of any subsequent quantum logic gate to the target, and the influence weight is D. p -k, therefore the greater the influence weight, the more linearly negatively correlated the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target is with the distance from the subsequent quantum logic gate of any target to the first global gate; the smaller the distance from the subsequent quantum logic gate of any target to the second logic gate, the larger the distance number of the subsequent quantum logic gate of any target, and the influence weight is D. p-k, therefore the influence weight will be smaller, meaning the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target is linearly positively correlated with the distance from the subsequent quantum logic gate of any target to the second logic gate; the larger the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target, the greater the influence distance D between the first global gate and the second logic gate. p The ordering position of any target's subsequent quantum logic gates is the distance number k of those gates, and the influence weight is D. p Therefore, the greater the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any subsequent quantum logic gate, the greater the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate. In other words, the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly and positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any subsequent quantum logic gate. Determining the influence weight provides data support for the total transmission influence cost of subsequent transmitted bits, facilitating the selection of suitable qubits as transmission bits to reduce the number of quantum state transmissions and improve the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

[0057] This application determines the total transmission influence cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bit by determining the transmission influence cost based on the influence factor value and influence weight. The higher the total transmission influence cost, the lower the quantum transmission cost. Therefore, by using the transmitted bit with the largest total transmission influence cost as the target transmitted bit for quantum state transmission, the number of quantum state transmissions can be reduced, effectively improving the computational efficiency of distributed quantum circuits.

[0058] Reference Figure 5 An embodiment of this specification also provides an apparatus for determining the cost of quantum state transmission, comprising:

[0059] The quantum circuit acquisition module 201 is used to acquire a quantum circuit in which logic gates are arranged in order and at least include global gates. One of the qubits of the first global gate in the quantum circuit is used as the transmission bit. The corresponding influence factor value is determined according to one of the cases where the transmission bit has a positive influence, a negative influence or no influence on the quantum state of the logic gate.

[0060] The logic gate traversal module 202 is used to traverse the subsequent logic gates arranged after the first global gate in order of logic gate order until the second logic gate is detected. The second logic gate is a logic gate with a negative impact, or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit.

[0061] The transmission impact cost determination module 203 is used to determine the total transmission impact cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bits based on the transmission impact cost determined by the impact factor value and the impact weight, wherein the impact weight is determined by the sorting position of the subsequent quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

[0062] Optionally, the impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is the opposite of the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact, and the impact factor value corresponding to the no impact is 0.

[0063] Optionally, the impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is +1; the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact is -1.

[0064] Optionally, when the influence of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is positive, the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate is reduced by merging the transmitted bits; when the influence of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is negative, the transmitted bits cannot be merged to avoid increasing the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate; wherein, the transmission cost is inversely proportional to the transmission impact cost.

[0065] Optionally, the global gate refers to the logic gate of at least two processors corresponding to the distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit;

[0066] When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is positive, the logic gate is a global gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate;

[0067] When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is negative, the logic gate is a local gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is located in the target processor containing the first global gate transmitted bit; the local gate refers to at least two-qubit logic gates of a processor corresponding to a distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit;

[0068] When the transmission bit has no effect on the quantum state of the logic gate, the logic gate is a local gate or a global gate that is unrelated to the transmission bit of the first global gate.

[0069] Optionally, the influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly negatively correlated with the distance of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate;

[0070] Alternatively, the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target is linearly positively correlated with the distance from any subsequent quantum logic gate of the target to the second logic gate;

[0071] The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate.

[0072] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0073] The target transmission bit determination module is used to determine the qubit with the largest total impact cost among all qubits acting on the first global gate, and to transmit the quantum state of the first global gate accordingly.

[0074] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the process of performing each step has been described in detail in the embodiments of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0075] A quantum control system that performs quantum computing tasks using the method for determining the cost of quantum state transmission effects as described above, or includes the apparatus for determining the cost of quantum state transmission effects as described above.

[0076] A quantum computer, comprising a quantum control system as described above.

[0077] A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, enables the method described above for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission.

[0078] Reference Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable medium provided for embodiments of this specification.

[0079] accomplish Figure 1 The computer instructions of the method shown can be stored on one or more computer-readable media. A computer-readable medium can be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0080] The computer-readable storage medium may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. The readable storage medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium, capable of transmitting, propagating, or transmitting a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution device, apparatus, or apparatus. The program code contained on the readable storage medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0081] Program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can execute entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving remote computing devices, the remote computing device can be connected to the user's computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0082] In summary, this invention can be implemented in hardware, or as software modules running on one or more processors, or a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will understand that in practice, general-purpose data processing devices such as microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs) can be used to implement some or all of the functions of some or all of the components according to the embodiments of the invention. The invention can also be implemented as a device or apparatus program (e.g., a computer program and computer program product) for performing part or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the invention can be stored on a computer-readable medium or can take the form of one or more signals. Such signals can be downloaded from an Internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

[0083] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not inherently related to any specific computer, virtual device, or electronic device, and various general-purpose devices can also implement the present invention. The above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0084] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0085] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the cost of quantum state transmission, characterized in that, include: Obtain a quantum circuit with logic gates arranged in order and including at least a global gate. Take one of the qubits of the first global gate in the quantum circuit as the transmission bit. Determine the corresponding influence factor value according to one of the positive, negative and no effects of the transmission bit on the quantum state of the logic gate. The logic gates are sorted and traversed according to their order after the first global gate until the second logic gate is detected. The second logic gate is either the logic gate with a negative impact or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit. The transmission impact cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate is determined based on the transmission impact cost determined by the impact factor value and the impact weight. The impact weight is determined by the ordering position of the subsequent quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is the opposite of the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact, and the impact factor value corresponding to the no impact is 0.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The impact factor value corresponding to the positive impact is +1; the impact factor value corresponding to the negative impact is -1.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the influence of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is positive, the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate is reduced by merging the transmitted bits; when the influence of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the subsequent logic gate is negative, the transmitted bits cannot be merged to avoid increasing the transmission cost of the subsequent logic gate; wherein, the transmission cost is inversely proportional to the transmission impact cost.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The global gate refers to the logic gate of at least two processors in the quantum circuit that correspond to the distributed quantum processor; When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is positive, the logic gate is a global gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is to be transmitted to the target processor corresponding to the first global gate; When the effect of the transmitted bit on the quantum state of the logic gate is negative, the logic gate is a local gate that acts on the transmitted bit and is located in the target processor containing the first global gate transmitted bit; the local gate refers to at least two-qubit logic gates of a processor corresponding to a distributed quantum processor in the quantum circuit; When the transmission bit has no effect on the quantum state of the logic gate, the logic gate is a local gate or a global gate that is unrelated to the transmission bit of the first global gate.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The influence weights are determined by the ordering position of subsequent quantum logic gates relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate, including: The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly negatively correlated with the distance of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate to the first global gate; Alternatively, the influence weight of any subsequent quantum logic gate of any target is linearly positively correlated with the distance from any subsequent quantum logic gate of the target to the second logic gate; The influence weight of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate is linearly positively correlated with the difference between the distance between the first global gate and the second logic gate and the ordering position of any target's subsequent quantum logic gate.

7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: For all qubits affected by the first global gate, the one with the largest total cost impact is selected as the target transmission bit for quantum state transmission through the first global gate.

8. A device for determining the cost impact of quantum state transmission, characterized in that... ,include: A quantum circuit acquisition module is used to acquire a quantum circuit in which logic gates are arranged in order and include at least a global gate. One of the qubits of the first global gate in the quantum circuit is used as the transmission bit. The corresponding influence factor value is determined according to one of the following cases: positive influence, negative influence, or no influence on the quantum state of the logic gate by the transmission bit. The logic gate traversal module is used to traverse the subsequent logic gates arranged after the first global gate in order of logic gate order until the second logic gate is detected. The second logic gate is either a logic gate with a negative impact or the last logic gate of the quantum circuit. The transmission impact cost determination module is used to determine the total transmission impact cost of all subsequent quantum logic gates from the first global gate to the second logic gate on the transmitted bits based on the transmission impact cost determined by the impact factor value and the impact weight, wherein the impact weight is determined by the ordering position of the subsequent quantum logic gate relative to the first global gate and / or the second logic gate.

9. A quantum control system, characterized in that, The execution of a quantum computing task is performed using the method for determining the cost of quantum state transmission as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or includes the apparatus for determining the cost of quantum state transmission as described in claim 8.

10. A quantum computer, characterized in that, Including the quantum control system as described in claim 9.

11. A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the method for determining the cost of quantum state transmission as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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