Anti-detachment elastic joint and its manufacturing method, rail vehicles

Abstract

This application provides an anti-detachment elastic joint and its manufacturing method, as well as a rail vehicle. A wavy, concave-convex interlocking structure is provided between the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment, and / or between the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical segment and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment. This allows the rubber sleeve to be fixed to the mandrel and / or sleeve not only through adhesion but also through interlocking and locking via the concave-convex interlocking structure. This wavy, concave-convex interlocking structure generates a large interlocking and locking force in the radial direction, an axial blocking force in the bending section of the axial bending path, and an anti-torsional force on the sidewall of the circumferential bending path. Therefore, it has high anti-detachment capability in the radial, axial, and circumferential directions, and its overall anti-detachment capability is far superior to that of a straight concave-convex interlocking structure. This effectively reduces the risk of the rubber sleeve peeling off from the mandrel and / or sleeve, achieving a better anti-detachment effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and in particular to an anti-detachment elastic joint and its manufacturing method, as well as a rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Swivel-type axle box positioning is the mainstream positioning method for railway vehicle bogies. The swivel arm, as a key load-bearing component, is fixedly connected to the axle box at one end and connected to the frame at the other end through an elastic node, in order to realize the positioning constraint of the wheelset and the transfer of load.

[0003] The elastic joint typically includes a metal mandrel, a metal sleeve, and a rubber sleeve connecting the mandrel and the sleeve. The mandrel is connected to the end of the swing arm, and the sleeve is interference-fitted with the frame mounting base. It relies on the elastic deformation of the rubber sleeve to transmit traction / braking force and longitudinal / lateral loads, and isolates wheel-rail impact vibration, while allowing elastic displacement of the axle box relative to the frame within a certain range.

[0004] Under long-term alternating loads and vibration impacts, especially during frequent starts and stops, curve traversal, and harsh operating conditions, the mating surfaces of the rubber sleeve and the mandrel and bushing are prone to peeling, leading to rubber sleeve detachment. Peeling directly causes abrupt changes in the stiffness of the elastic joint, a decrease in positioning performance, and loss of vibration damping effect. In severe cases, it can cause abnormal noise and uneven wear, affecting the safety and reliability of vehicle operation.

[0005] Therefore, how to prevent the rubber sleeve of the elastic node from peeling off is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides the following solution.

[0007] A type of anti-detachment elastic joint includes a mandrel, a sleeve, and a rubber sleeve, characterized in that the mandrel has a cylindrical section, the sleeve has an annular section, and the rubber sleeve has an annular section, wherein the annular section is bonded between the cylindrical section of the mandrel and the annular section of the sleeve. On the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical section and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular section, one is provided with a plurality of first curved grooves spaced apart along the circumferential direction, and the other is provided with a plurality of first curved convex strips spaced apart along the circumferential direction. Each first curved groove extends axially, and during its axial extension, it alternately sways in the circumferential direction, making the extension path of each first curved groove wavy. The first curved convex strips are embedded one-to-one into their corresponding first curved grooves, and the extension path and cross-sectional shape of the first curved convex strips match the corresponding first curved grooves; and / or, On the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment, one side is provided with a plurality of second curved grooves spaced apart in a circumferential direction, and the other side is provided with a plurality of second curved convex strips spaced apart in a circumferential direction. Each second curved groove extends axially and alternately sways in a circumferential direction during its axial extension, so that the extension path of each second curved groove is wavy. The second curved convex strips are embedded in the corresponding second curved grooves one by one, and the extension path and cross-sectional shape of the second curved convex strips match the corresponding second curved grooves.

[0008] In some embodiments, each of the first curved grooves is evenly distributed at equal intervals along the entire circumference of its circumference; and / or, Each of the second curved grooves is evenly distributed at equal intervals on the entire circumference of its circumference.

[0009] In some embodiments, the number of the first curved grooves ranges from 10 to 16; and / or, The number of the second curved grooves ranges from 12 to 18.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first curved groove is disposed on the cylindrical section of the mandrel, the sum of the volumes of all the first curved grooves is V1, the volume of the cylindrical section of the mandrel is V, and the ratio of V1 / V ranges from 3% to 10%; or, The first curved protrusion is provided on the cylindrical section of the mandrel, the sum of the volumes of the gaps between each of the first curved protrusions is V2, the volume of the cylindrical section of the mandrel is V, and the ratio of V2 / V is in the range of 3%-10%.

[0011] In some embodiments, the width of each of the first curved grooves or the width of each of the first curved protrusions on the mandrel cylindrical segment is in the range of 2%-4% of the circumference of the outer contour line of the cross-section of the mandrel cylindrical segment; the depth of each of the first curved grooves or the height of each of the first curved protrusions on the mandrel cylindrical segment is in the range of 5%-10% of the maximum radius of the mandrel cylindrical segment; and / or, The width of each second curved groove or the width of each second curved protrusion on the sleeve annular segment is 2%-4% of the circumference of the inner contour line of the cross-section of the sleeve annular segment, and the depth of each second curved groove or the height of each second curved protrusion on the sleeve annular segment is 15%-20% of the maximum wall thickness of the sleeve annular segment.

[0012] In some embodiments, the mandrel further has a first mandrel end section located at one end of the cylindrical section of the mandrel and a second mandrel end section located at the other end of the cylindrical section of the mandrel, wherein the outer peripheral surfaces of the first mandrel end section and the second mandrel end section are both smooth surfaces; The sleeve also has a first sleeve end section located at one end of the sleeve annular segment and a second sleeve end section located at the other end of the sleeve annular segment, wherein the inner circumferential surface of the first sleeve end section and the inner circumferential surface of the second sleeve end section are both smooth surfaces. The rubber sleeve also has a first rubber sleeve end section bonded between the first mandrel end section and the first sleeve end section, and a second rubber sleeve end section bonded between the second mandrel end section and the second sleeve end section, wherein the outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the first rubber sleeve end section and the outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the second rubber sleeve end section are smooth.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first mandrel end section includes a first major diameter cylindrical section and a first conical section, and the second mandrel end section includes a second major diameter cylindrical section and a second conical section. The diameters of the first major diameter cylindrical section and the second major diameter cylindrical section are both larger than the diameter of the mandrel cylindrical section. The diameter of the first conical section gradually decreases from the first major diameter cylindrical section to the mandrel cylindrical section, and the diameter of the second conical section gradually decreases from the second major diameter cylindrical section to the mandrel cylindrical section.

[0014] In some embodiments, the extension paths of each of the first curved grooves are parallel to each other; and / or, The extension paths of each of the second curved grooves are parallel to each other.

[0015] In some embodiments, the ratio of wave height to wavelength of the wavy extension path of the first curved groove and / or the second curved groove is in the range of 5%-10%.

[0016] This application also provides a method for manufacturing an anti-detachment elastic node, used to manufacture the anti-detachment elastic node according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Processing step: Milling grooves on the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical section of the mandrel to form the first curved groove or the first curved protrusion; and / or, The inner circumferential surface of the annular segment of the sleeve is milled and grooved to form the second curved groove or the second curved convex strip. S2, Vulcanization step: The mandrel is inserted into the sleeve to form an annular cavity between the mandrel and the sleeve. Rubber material is injected into the annular cavity and vulcanized to solidify the rubber material and form the rubber sleeve. This achieves bonding between the rubber sleeve, the mandrel, and the sleeve. A first curved protrusion or a first curved groove that engages with the first curved groove is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the annular segment of the rubber sleeve. And / or, a second curved protrusion or a second curved groove that engages with the second curved groove is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the annular segment of the rubber sleeve.

[0017] This application also provides a rail vehicle, including a frame, an axle box, and a swing arm connecting the frame and the axle box, wherein the swing arm is connected to the frame via an anti-detachment elastic node as described in any of the above claims.

[0018] The anti-detachment elastic joint provided in this application features a wavy, concave-convex interlocking structure between the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment, and / or between the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical segment and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment. This allows the rubber sleeve to be fixed to the mandrel and / or sleeve not only through adhesion but also through interlocking and locking via the concave-convex interlocking structure. This wavy, curved concave-convex interlocking structure generates a large interlocking and locking force in the radial direction, an axial blocking force in the bending section of the axial bending path, and an anti-torsional force on the sidewall of the circumferential bending path. As a result, it has high anti-detachment capability in the radial, axial, and circumferential directions, and its overall anti-detachment capability is far superior to that of a straight concave-convex interlocking structure. Therefore, it effectively reduces the risk of the rubber sleeve peeling off from the mandrel and / or sleeve, achieving a better anti-detachment effect. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of one embodiment of the anti-detachment elastic node provided in this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the central spindle; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Front view diagram; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of the cylindrical section of the mandrel; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the middle sleeve; Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the sleeve from another perspective; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the rubber sleeve.

[0020] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows: 1. Mandrel; 11. Mandrel cylindrical section; 12. First mandrel end section; 121. First large diameter cylindrical section; 122. First conical section; 13. Second mandrel end section; 131. Second large diameter cylindrical section; 132. Second conical section; 14. First connecting section; 15. Second connecting section. 2 sleeves, 21 sleeve annular section, 22 first sleeve end section, 23 second sleeve end section; 3 rubber sleeve, 31 rubber sleeve annular segment, 32 first rubber sleeve end segment, 33 second rubber sleeve end segment; A. First curved groove, B. First curved convex strip, C. Second curved groove, D. Second curved convex strip. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application, the following description is provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figures 1 to 7 The technical solutions of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] The anti-detachment elastic joint provided in this application can be used in rail vehicles as an elastic joint connecting the frame and the swing arm. However, it is not limited to this; for example, it can also be applied to automotive suspension systems, vibration damping devices for engineering machinery, other elastic connection parts in rail transit, vibration isolation components for marine power systems, buffer structures for aerospace equipment, and various general mechanical equipment that requires high-reliability elastic hinges.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the anti-detachment elastic joint provided in this application includes a mandrel 1, a sleeve 2, and a rubber sleeve 3. The mandrel 1 is at least partially located inside the sleeve 2, and the rubber sleeve 3 is bonded between the mandrel 1 and the sleeve 2, and the bonding can be achieved simultaneously during the vulcanization process to form the rubber sleeve 3.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the mandrel 1 has a cylindrical section 11. In this embodiment, the mandrel 1 also has a first mandrel end section 12 and a second mandrel end section 13, which are located at the two axial ends of the cylindrical section 11, respectively. In this embodiment, the mandrel 1 also has a first connecting section 14 and a second connecting section 15, where the first connecting section 14 is located at the end of the first mandrel end section 12 away from the cylindrical section 11, and the second connecting section 15 is located at the end of the second mandrel end section 13 away from the cylindrical section 11. When used to connect the frame and the swing arm, the first connecting section 14 and the second connecting section 15 can be inserted into the swing arm hole of the swing arm. The cross-sections of the first connecting section 14 and the second connecting section 15 can be designed to be non-circular to prevent rotation. For example, in this embodiment, the cross-sections of the first connecting section 14 and the second connecting section 15 are approximately "D" shaped.

[0025] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the sleeve 2 has a sleeve annular section 21. In this embodiment, the sleeve 2 also has a first sleeve end section 22 and a second sleeve end section 23, which are located at the two ends of the sleeve annular section 21, respectively.

[0026] like Figure 7 As shown, the rubber sleeve 3 has a rubber sleeve annular segment 31. In this embodiment, the rubber sleeve 3 also has a first rubber sleeve end segment 32 and a second rubber sleeve end segment 33, which are located at both ends of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31, respectively. The rubber sleeve annular segment 31 is bonded between the mandrel cylindrical segment 11 and the sleeve annular segment 21. The first rubber sleeve end segment 32 is bonded between the first mandrel end segment 12 and the first sleeve end segment 22. The second rubber sleeve end segment 33 is bonded between the second mandrel end segment 13 and the second sleeve end segment 23.

[0027] In some embodiments, on the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical segment 11 and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31, one is provided with a plurality of first curved grooves A spaced apart along the circumferential direction, and the other is provided with a plurality of first curved protrusions B spaced apart along the circumferential direction. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the first curved grooves A are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical segment 11, and the first curved protrusions B are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31. The positions of the first curved grooves A and the first curved protrusions B can also be interchanged, that is, the first curved grooves A are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31, and the first curved protrusions B are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical segment 11. Alternatively, the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical segment 11 is provided with one or more first curved grooves A and one or more first curved protrusions B, and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31 is provided with one or more first curved grooves A and one or more first curved protrusions B.

[0028] Each first curved groove A extends axially, and during its axial extension, it alternately sways in the circumferential direction, causing the extension path of each first curved groove A to be wavy. A first curved ridge B is embedded one-to-one into its corresponding first curved groove A, and the extension path and cross-sectional shape of the first curved ridge B match the corresponding first curved groove A. This application does not limit the cross-sectional shape of the first curved groove A and the first curved ridge B; for example, semi-circular, rectangular, triangular, etc., are all acceptable.

[0029] By setting the first curved groove A and the first curved protrusion B, a concave-convex fitting structure can be formed between the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical section 11 and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular section 31.

[0030] In some embodiments, on the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31 and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment 21, one side is provided with a plurality of second curved grooves C spaced apart along the circumferential direction, and the other side is provided with a plurality of second curved protrusions D spaced apart along the circumferential direction. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the second curved grooves C are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment 21, and the second curved protrusions D are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31. The positions of the second curved grooves C and the second curved protrusions D can also be interchanged, that is, the second curved grooves C are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31, and the second curved protrusions D are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment 21. Alternatively, the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31 is provided with one or more second curved grooves C and one or more second curved protrusions D, and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment 21 is provided with one or more second curved grooves C and one or more second curved protrusions D.

[0031] Each second curved groove C extends axially, and during its axial extension, it alternately sways in the circumferential direction, causing the extension path of each second curved groove C to be wavy. The second curved protrusions D are embedded one-to-one into their corresponding second curved grooves C, and the extension path and cross-sectional shape of the second curved protrusions D match the corresponding second curved grooves C. This application does not limit the cross-sectional shape of the second curved grooves C and the second curved protrusions D; for example, semicircular, rectangular, triangular, etc., are all acceptable.

[0032] By setting the second curved groove C and the second curved protrusion D, a concave-convex interlocking structure can be formed between the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31 and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment 21.

[0033] The aforementioned interlocking structure can be provided only between the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel and the inner circumferential surface of the annular section 31 of the rubber sleeve, while the aforementioned interlocking structure is not provided between the outer circumferential surface of the annular section 31 of the rubber sleeve and the inner circumferential surface of the annular section 21 of the sleeve; alternatively, the aforementioned interlocking structure can be provided only between the outer circumferential surface of the annular section 31 of the rubber sleeve and the inner circumferential surface of the annular section 21 of the sleeve, while the aforementioned interlocking structure is not provided between the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel and the inner circumferential surface of the annular section 31 of the rubber sleeve; alternatively, the aforementioned interlocking structure can be provided between the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel and the inner circumferential surface of the annular section 31 of the rubber sleeve, as well as between the outer circumferential surface of the annular section 31 of the rubber sleeve and the inner circumferential surface of the annular section 21 of the sleeve (as shown in the illustrated embodiment).

[0034] The manufacturing method of the above-mentioned anti-detachment elastic node may include the following steps: S1. Machining steps: Milling grooves on the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel 1 to form a first curved groove A or a first curved protrusion B; and / or, Milling and grooving are performed on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular section 21 of sleeve 2 to form a second curved groove C or a second curved protrusion D; S2, vulcanization step: insert the mandrel 1 into the sleeve 2 to form an annular cavity between the mandrel 1 and the sleeve 2, inject rubber material into the annular cavity and vulcanize it to solidify the rubber material to form a rubber sleeve 3, and achieve the bonding of the rubber sleeve 3 with the mandrel 1 and the sleeve 2. A first curved protrusion B that fits into the first curved groove A or a first curved groove A that fits into the first curved protrusion B is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31 of the rubber sleeve 3, and / or a second curved protrusion D that fits into the second curved groove C or a second curved groove C that fits into the second curved protrusion D is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment 31 of the rubber sleeve 3.

[0035] The above manufacturing method allows the bonding of the rubber sleeve 3 to the mandrel 1 and the sleeve 2 to be achieved naturally during the vulcanization process, without the need for additional bonding steps. Therefore, the process is simple and efficient.

[0036] The aforementioned anti-detachment elastic node constructs a concave-convex interlocking structure between the mandrel 1 and the rubber sleeve 3 and / or between the rubber sleeve 3 and the sleeve 2. This allows the rubber sleeve 3 to be fixed to the mandrel 1 and / or sleeve 2 not only by adhesive bonding, but also by interlocking and locking through the concave-convex interlocking structure. Compared with the previous method of fixing the rubber sleeve to the mandrel and sleeve simply by adhesive bonding, this effectively reduces the risk of the rubber sleeve 3 peeling off from the mandrel 1 and / or sleeve 2, achieving a better anti-detachment effect.

[0037] The concave-convex interlocking structure extends along a wavy, curved path in the axial direction. Compared with a straight concave-convex interlocking structure within the same axial length range, this wavy, curved concave-convex interlocking structure has a longer actual unfolded length, resulting in a larger interlocking area. Consequently, the interlocking force required to overcome radial peeling is greater. Therefore, the radial anti-detachment capability of this wavy, curved concave-convex interlocking structure is superior to that of a straight concave-convex interlocking structure.

[0038] In this wavy, curved, concave-convex interlocking structure, any axial sliding movement of the curved protrusion is blocked by each bend and turn of the curved groove. The curved protrusion must first detach from the curved groove radially to overcome these bends and turns. However, radial detachment is further hindered by the strong resistance formed by the superposition of adhesive and interlocking forces. Therefore, it is difficult for the curved protrusion to overcome the multi-level obstruction at each bend and turn of the curved groove and axially detach. In contrast, the straight concave-convex interlocking structure does not have such an axial blocking effect. Therefore, the axial anti-detachment capability of this wavy, curved, concave-convex interlocking structure is superior to that of the straight concave-convex interlocking structure.

[0039] This wavy, curved, concave-convex interlocking structure features a curved groove that alternately sways in the circumferential direction as it extends axially. Locally, its sidewalls form inclined surfaces at a certain angle to the circumferential direction. When the rubber layer is subjected to torsional load, the curved protrusions contact these inclined surfaces on the sidewalls of the curved grooves to generate a reverse anti-torsional force, effectively preventing the rubber sleeve 3 from being excessively twisted and peeling off circumferentially. In contrast, the straight concave-convex interlocking structure does not have such an anti-torsional effect. Therefore, the circumferential anti-detachment capability of this wavy, curved, concave-convex interlocking structure is superior to that of the straight concave-convex interlocking structure.

[0040] In short, this wave-shaped concave-convex interlocking structure generates a large interlocking locking force in the radial direction, an axial blocking force in the bending section of the bending path in the axial direction, and an anti-torsional force in the sidewall of the bending path in the circumferential direction. As a result, it has a high anti-detachment capability in the radial, axial and circumferential directions, and its overall anti-detachment capability is far superior to that of a straight concave-convex interlocking structure.

[0041] Furthermore, this wavy, curved, interlocking structure can also suppress the spread of gaps. In the straight groove structure, when a gap is locally formed between the rubber sleeve 3 and the mating surfaces of the mandrel 1 and sleeve 2, the gap propagates in a straight line without any obstruction and easily expands rapidly along the straight path of the entire groove, causing all the protrusions in the groove to detach. However, in the wavy groove structure, because the groove path is constantly bending and changing direction, the gap will repeatedly encounter changes in path direction during propagation. Each change in path direction forces the expansion direction of the gap to deflect accordingly, and the gap requires additional energy to continue expanding in the deflected direction. Therefore, it effectively suppresses the spread of gaps and improves the anti-detachment effect.

[0042] Furthermore, this anti-detachment design does not require any changes to the external dimensions of the mandrel 1 and sleeve 2 of the existing elastic node product. It only requires the machining of grooves or protrusions on the outer periphery of the original mandrel 1 and / or the inner periphery of the original sleeve 2, making it suitable for the modification of existing products.

[0043] In some embodiments, each of the first curved grooves A is evenly distributed at equal intervals along the entire circumference of its corresponding circumference. Taking the illustrated embodiment as an example, the circumference of the first curved groove A is the outer circumference of the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel. On the outer circumference of the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel, each of the first curved grooves A is evenly distributed at intervals along a 360° circumference. That is, the angle between the center lines of adjacent first curved grooves A is equal to 360° divided by the number of first curved grooves A. In this way, the anti-detachment effect is more balanced along the entire circumference, and the structural strength of the mandrel 1 is more balanced along the entire circumference.

[0044] In some embodiments, the first curved grooves A are distributed non-uniformly on the entire circumference of the circumference on which they are located, that is, the spacing angle of some adjacent first curved grooves A is different from the spacing angle of other adjacent first curved grooves A.

[0045] In some embodiments, the second curved grooves C are evenly distributed at equal intervals along the entire circumference of their respective circumferences. Taking the illustrated embodiment as an example, the circumference of the second curved grooves C is the inner circumference of the sleeve annular segment 21. On the inner circumference of the sleeve annular segment 21, the second curved grooves C are evenly distributed at intervals along a 360° circumference. That is, the angle between the center lines of adjacent second curved grooves C is equal to 360° divided by the number of second curved grooves C. In this way, the anti-detachment effect is more balanced along the entire circumference, and the structural strength of the mandrel 1 is more balanced along the entire circumference.

[0046] In some embodiments, the second curved grooves C are distributed non-uniformly on the entire circumference of the circumference on which they are located, that is, the spacing angle of some adjacent second curved grooves C is different from that of other adjacent second curved grooves C.

[0047] In some embodiments, the number of the first curved groove A ranges from 10 to 16, for example, it can be 10, 13, or 16 grooves.

[0048] In some embodiments, the number of the second curved grooves C ranges from 12 to 18, for example, it can be 12, 15, or 18.

[0049] If there are too many first curved grooves A and second curved grooves C, the gaps between adjacent first curved grooves A and adjacent second curved grooves C will be too narrow, making them prone to breakage and affecting the reliability of the mandrel 1. If there are too few first curved grooves A and second curved grooves C, the size of the first curved groove A or second curved groove C needs to be increased to meet the biting force requirements. However, increasing the size of the groove itself will cause gaps to easily form between it and the convex strip during vulcanization, making it impossible to form a strong bond, which is not conducive to preventing detachment. Controlling the number of first curved grooves A and second curved grooves C within the above range can balance the reliability of the mandrel 1 and the anti-detachment effect of the rubber sleeve 3, ensuring the overall performance of the elastic joint.

[0050] In some embodiments, the number of the first curved groove A and the number of the second curved groove C are the same.

[0051] In some embodiments, the number of the first curved groove A and the number of the second curved groove C are different. The number of the first curved groove A may be greater than the number of the second curved groove C, or the number of the second curved groove C may be greater than the number of the first curved groove A.

[0052] In some embodiments, the radial line passing through each first curved groove A passes through each second curved groove C in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0053] In some embodiments, the radial lines of each first curved groove A are circumferentially offset from each second curved groove C.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first curved groove A is provided on the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel, the sum of the volumes of all the first curved grooves A is V1, the volume of the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel is V, and the ratio of V1 / V ranges from 3% to 10%, for example, 3%, 5%, 10%, etc. If V1 / V is too large, it will excessively weaken the structural strength of the mandrel 1, making the mandrel 1 prone to breakage under high-frequency vibration and impact loads. If V1 / V is too small, the interlocking area between the first curved groove A and the first curved protrusion B will be insufficient, resulting in insufficient biting force and affecting the anti-detachment effect. Controlling V1 / V within the above range can balance the strength of the mandrel 1 and the anti-detachment effect of the rubber sleeve 3, ensuring the overall performance of the elastic node. The ratio of V1 / V may also be outside the above range. In this case, the strength of the mandrel 1 can be ensured by improving the material of the mandrel 1.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first curved protrusion B is disposed on the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel. The sum of the volumes of the gaps between each first curved protrusion is V2, and the volume of the cylindrical section 11 of the mandrel is V. The ratio of V2 / V ranges from 3% to 10%, for example, 3%, 5%, 10%, etc. If V2 / V is too large, the interlocking area between the first curved groove A and the first curved protrusion B will be insufficient, resulting in insufficient biting force and affecting the anti-detachment effect. If V2 / V is too small, the structural strength of the rubber sleeve 3 with the first curved groove A will be very weak, making it prone to torsion and breakage. Controlling V2 / V within the above range can balance the strength of the rubber sleeve 3 and its anti-detachment effect, ensuring the overall performance of the elastic node. The ratio of V2 / V may also be outside the above range. In this case, the strength of the rubber sleeve 3 can be ensured by improving the material of the rubber sleeve 3.

[0056] In some embodiments, the width of each first curved groove A or the width of each first curved protrusion B on the mandrel cylindrical segment 11 (i.e., the circumferential dimension) accounts for 2%-4% of the circumference of the outer contour line of the cross-section of the mandrel cylindrical segment 11, and the depth of each first curved groove A or the height of each first curved protrusion B on the mandrel cylindrical segment 11 (i.e., the radial dimension) accounts for 5%-10% of the maximum radius of the mandrel cylindrical segment 11. Controlling these two proportions within the above range ensures that the first curved groove A and the first curved protrusion B are easy to process, and also ensures that there are few gaps between the first curved groove A and the first curved protrusion B during vulcanization, forming a strong bond and improving the anti-detachment effect from the perspective of adhesion. It can be understood that due to the groove structure on the outer circumference of the mandrel cylindrical segment 11, the radius of the grooved positions is smaller, while the radius of the non-grooved positions is larger. The so-called maximum radius of the mandrel cylindrical segment 11 is the radius of the non-grooved positions.

[0057] In some embodiments, the width of each second curved groove C or the width of each second curved protrusion D on the sleeve annular segment 21 (i.e., the circumferential dimension) accounts for 2%-4% of the circumference of the inner contour line of the cross-section of the sleeve annular segment 21, and the depth of each second curved groove C or the height of each second curved protrusion D (i.e., the radial dimension) accounts for 15%-20% of the maximum wall thickness of the sleeve annular segment 21. Controlling these two proportions within the above range ensures that the second curved groove C and the second curved protrusion D are easy to process, and also ensures that there are few gaps between the second curved groove C and the second curved protrusion D during vulcanization, forming a strong bond and improving the anti-detachment effect from the perspective of adhesion. It can be understood that due to the groove structure on the outer and / or inner circumferential surfaces of the sleeve annular segment 21, the wall thickness is smaller at the grooved locations and larger at the non-grooved locations; the so-called maximum wall thickness of the sleeve annular segment 21 refers to the wall thickness at the non-grooved locations.

[0058] In some embodiments, the outer peripheral surfaces of the first mandrel end section 12 and the second mandrel end section 13 are smooth surfaces; the inner peripheral surfaces of the first sleeve end section 22 and the second sleeve end section 23 are smooth surfaces; and the outer and inner peripheral surfaces of the first rubber sleeve end section 32 and the second rubber sleeve end section 33 are smooth surfaces. A smooth surface means that there are no uneven structures on the surface. The smooth surface design at both ends of the mating area between the mandrel 1 and the rubber sleeve 3, as well as the smooth surface design at both ends of the mating area between the rubber sleeve 3 and the sleeve 2, preserves the complete load-bearing structure of the outer periphery of the rubber sleeve 3. This allows the rubber sleeve 3 to effectively bear axial loads, radial loads, and torque, avoiding the strength weakening caused by grooves or protrusions at the ends of the rubber sleeve 3. It also prevents stress concentration, cracking, and other failures at the ends of the rubber sleeve 3, ensuring its load-bearing capacity. Simultaneously, it ensures a complete, continuous, and virtually gap-free adhesive surface at both ends of the mating area between the mandrel 1 and the rubber sleeve 3, and / or at both ends of the mating area between the rubber sleeve 3 and the sleeve 2, thus avoiding the risk of the rubber sleeve 3 peeling off from both ends and ensuring its anti-detachment effect. In short, it balances the load-bearing capacity and anti-detachment effect of the rubber sleeve 3.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the first mandrel end section 12 includes a first large-diameter cylindrical section 121 and a first conical section 122, and the second mandrel end section 13 includes a second large-diameter cylindrical section 131 and a second conical section 132. The diameters of the first large-diameter cylindrical section 121 and the second large-diameter cylindrical section 131 are both larger than the diameter of the mandrel cylindrical section 11. The diameter of the first conical section 122 gradually decreases from the first large-diameter cylindrical section 121 toward the mandrel cylindrical section 11, and the diameter of the second conical section 132 gradually decreases from the second large-diameter cylindrical section 131 toward the mandrel cylindrical section 11. With this design, the first mandrel end section 12 and the second mandrel end section 13 can restrict the axial relative position of the mandrel 1 and the rubber sleeve 3. Furthermore, the portion of the rubber sleeve 3 that mates with the first mandrel end section 12 and the second mandrel end section 13 can restrict the axial relative position of the rubber sleeve 3 and the sleeve 2, so that both the inner and outer sides of the rubber sleeve 3 are axially limited, making it less prone to axial peeling. In addition, the first conical section 122 and the second conical section 132 serve as a transition, avoiding stress concentration caused by abrupt changes in the diameter of the mandrel 1, and ensuring that the mandrel 1 is less prone to local stress concentration and breakage.

[0060] In some embodiments, the extension paths of each first curved groove A are parallel to each other, that is, the crests of adjacent first curved grooves A are aligned with crests, the troughs with troughs, and the wave height and wavelength are the same. This parallel design ensures that the stress distribution of each first curved groove A is consistent, avoiding local load concentration caused by waveform deviation of a certain groove, and preventing local peeling of the rubber sleeve 3 caused by local load concentration. Moreover, all first curved grooves A can be machined using uniform CNC milling parameters, without the need to adjust the waveform trajectory of each groove individually, reducing machining difficulty and improving machining efficiency.

[0061] In some embodiments, the extension paths of each second curved groove C are parallel to each other, that is, the crests of adjacent second curved grooves C are aligned with crests, the troughs with troughs, and the wave height and wavelength are the same. This parallel design ensures that the stress distribution of each second curved groove C is consistent, avoiding local load concentration caused by waveform deviation of a certain groove, and avoiding local peeling of the rubber sleeve 3 caused by local load concentration. Moreover, all second curved grooves C can be machined using uniform CNC milling parameters, without the need to adjust the waveform trajectory of each groove individually, reducing machining difficulty and improving machining efficiency.

[0062] In some embodiments, the ratio of wave height to wavelength of the wavy extension path of the first curved groove A and / or the second curved groove C is in the range of 5%-10%.

[0063] If the ratio of wave height to wavelength is too large, the waveform will be steep, making it difficult to process and prone to incomplete filling and gaps during vulcanization. This affects the bonding reliability between the rubber sleeve 3 and the mandrel 1 or sleeve 2, which is detrimental to the anti-detachment effect. If the ratio of wave height to wavelength is too small, the bending and turning sections of the waveform will be indistinct, resulting in insignificant axial stopping and circumferential anti-torsional effects, which is also detrimental to the anti-detachment effect. Controlling the ratio of wave height to wavelength within the above range can balance processing difficulty and anti-detachment effect.

[0064] The above examples illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of these embodiments are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A type of anti-detachment elastic joint, comprising a mandrel (1), a sleeve (2), and a rubber sleeve (3), characterized in that, The mandrel (1) has a cylindrical section (11), the sleeve (2) has an annular section (21), and the rubber sleeve (3) has an annular section (31). The annular section (31) is bonded between the cylindrical section (11) and the annular section (21). On the outer circumferential surface of the mandrel cylindrical section (11) and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular section (31), one is provided with a plurality of first curved grooves (A) spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and the other is provided with a plurality of first curved convex strips (B) spaced apart in the circumferential direction. Each first curved groove (A) extends axially, and each first curved groove (A) also alternately sways in the circumferential direction during its axial extension, so that the extension path of each first curved groove (A) is wavy. The first curved convex strips (B) are embedded one-to-one with the corresponding first curved grooves (A), and the extension path and cross-sectional shape of the first curved convex strips (B) match the corresponding first curved grooves (A); and / or, On the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment (31) and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment (21), one is provided with a plurality of second curved grooves (C) spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and the other is provided with a plurality of second curved protrusions (D) spaced apart in the circumferential direction. Each second curved groove (C) extends axially, and each second curved groove (C) also alternately sways in the circumferential direction during the axial extension process, so that the extension path of each second curved groove (C) is wavy. The second curved protrusions (D) are embedded in the corresponding second curved grooves (C) one by one. The extension path and cross-sectional shape of the second curved protrusions (D) are matched with the corresponding second curved grooves (C).

2. The anti-detachment elastic node according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the first curved grooves (A) is evenly distributed at equal intervals along the entire circumference of its circumference; and / or, Each of the second curved grooves (C) is evenly distributed at equal intervals on the entire circumference of its circumference.

3. The anti-detachment elastic node according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the first curved groove (A) ranges from 10 to 16; and / or, The number of the second curved groove (C) ranges from 12 to 18.

4. The anti-detachment elastic node according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first curved groove (A) is provided on the cylindrical section (11) of the mandrel, the sum of the volumes of each of the first curved grooves (A) is V1, the volume of the cylindrical section (11) of the mandrel is V, and the ratio of V1 / V is in the range of 3%-10%; or, The first curved protrusion (B) is provided on the cylindrical section (11) of the mandrel. The sum of the volumes of the gaps between each first curved protrusion (B) is V2, the volume of the cylindrical section (11) of the mandrel is V, and the ratio of V2 / V is in the range of 3%-10%.

5. The anti-detachment elastic node according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of each of the first curved grooves (A) or the width of each of the first curved protrusions (B) on the cylindrical section (11) of the mandrel is in the range of 2%-4% of the circumference of the outer contour line of the cross-section of the cylindrical section (11); the depth of each of the first curved grooves (A) or the height of each of the first curved protrusions (B) on the cylindrical section (11) of the mandrel is in the range of 5%-10% of the maximum radius of the cylindrical section (11); and / or, The width of each second curved groove (C) or the width of each second curved protrusion (D) on the sleeve annular segment (21) is in the range of 2%-4% of the circumference of the inner contour line of the cross section of the sleeve annular segment (21), and the depth of each second curved groove (C) or the height of each second curved protrusion (D) on the sleeve annular segment (21) is in the range of 15%-20% of the maximum wall thickness of the sleeve annular segment (21).

6. The anti-detachment elastic node according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mandrel (1) also has a first mandrel end section (12) located at one end of the mandrel cylindrical section (11) and a second mandrel end section (13) located at the other end of the mandrel cylindrical section (11), wherein the outer peripheral surface of the first mandrel end section (12) and the outer peripheral surface of the second mandrel end section (13) are both smooth surfaces; The sleeve (2) also has a first sleeve end section (22) located at one end of the sleeve annular section (21) and a second sleeve end section (23) located at the other end of the sleeve annular section (21), wherein the inner circumferential surface of the first sleeve end section (22) and the inner circumferential surface of the second sleeve end section (23) are both smooth surfaces; The rubber sleeve (3) also has a first rubber sleeve end section (32) bonded between the first mandrel end section (12) and the first sleeve end section (22) and a second rubber sleeve end section (33) bonded between the second mandrel end section (13) and the second sleeve end section (23). The outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the first rubber sleeve end section (32) and the outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the second rubber sleeve end section (33) are smooth.

7. The anti-detachment elastic node according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first mandrel end section (12) includes a first large-diameter cylindrical section (121) and a first conical section (122), and the second mandrel end section (13) includes a second large-diameter cylindrical section (131) and a second conical section (132). The diameters of the first large-diameter cylindrical section (121) and the second large-diameter cylindrical section (131) are both larger than the diameter of the mandrel cylindrical section (11). The diameter of the first conical section (122) gradually decreases from the first large-diameter cylindrical section (121) toward the mandrel cylindrical section (11), and the diameter of the second conical section (132) gradually decreases from the second large-diameter cylindrical section (131) toward the mandrel cylindrical section (11).

8. The anti-detachment elastic node according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extension paths of each of the first curved grooves (A) are parallel to each other; and / or, The extension paths of each of the second curved grooves (C) are parallel to each other.

9. The anti-detachment elastic node according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of wave height to wavelength of the wavy extension path of the first curved groove (A) and / or the second curved groove (C) is in the range of 5%-10%.

10. A method for manufacturing an anti-detachment elastic joint, used to manufacture the anti-detachment elastic joint according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Processing step: Milling grooves on the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical section (11) of the mandrel (1) to form the first curved groove (A) or the first curved ridge (B); and / or, Milling and grooving are performed on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve annular segment (21) of the sleeve (2) to form the second curved groove (C) or the second curved convex strip (D). S2, vulcanization step: insert the mandrel (1) into the sleeve (2) to form an annular cavity between the mandrel (1) and the sleeve (2), inject rubber material into the annular cavity and vulcanize it to solidify the rubber material to form the rubber sleeve (3), and achieve the bonding of the rubber sleeve (3) with the mandrel (1) and the sleeve (2), and form a first curved ridge (B) that fits into the first curved groove (A) or a first curved groove (A) that fits into the first curved groove (B) on the inner circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment (31) of the rubber sleeve (3), and / or form a second curved ridge (D) that fits into the second curved groove (C) or a second curved groove (C) that fits into the second curved ridge (D) on the outer circumferential surface of the rubber sleeve annular segment (31) of the rubber sleeve (3).

11. A rail vehicle, comprising a frame, an axle box, and a swing arm connecting the frame and the axle box, characterized in that, The swing arm is connected to the frame via an anti-detachment elastic node as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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