A water-based flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of environmentally friendly functional polymer materials, and discloses a water-based flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproof treatment agent and its preparation method. It is suitable for the integrated modification of flammable porous substrates such as wood and fiber fabrics, as well as matching metal components, solving industry pain points such as single function of existing treatment agents, mutual incompatibility between flame retardants and waterproof agents, and easy loss of flame retardants. This treatment agent uses ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and other raw materials as raw materials, with a core five-layer core-shell structure flame-retardant synergist, combined with a synergistic system of waterproofing, rust prevention, mildew prevention, corrosion prevention, and insect prevention. It is prepared through mild processes such as pre-polymerization, grafting, and compounding. The product achieves synergistic enhancement of eight properties, including flame retardancy, fireproofing, waterproofing, and rust prevention. The substrate oxygen index is ≥60%, mechanical properties are positively improved, and it is fully water-based, environmentally friendly, easy to apply, uses readily available raw materials, has controllable processes, and low production costs, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production and promotion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmentally friendly functional polymer materials, wood modification and flame retardant technology. Specifically, it relates to a water-based multifunctional flame retardant, fireproof and waterproof treatment agent and its preparation method. It is particularly suitable for surface and deep modification treatment of wood materials and wood composite materials. It can be extended to the integrated modification of flammable porous substrates such as fiber fabrics, paper-based materials and fiber boards, providing flame retardancy, fireproofing, waterproofing, mildew prevention, corrosion prevention, insect prevention, rust prevention and mechanical reinforcement. It is a composite functional treatment agent that combines high performance, environmental protection and industrial adaptability. Background Technology

[0002] Wood, as the only renewable green building material, is widely used in building decoration, furniture manufacturing, ancient building restoration, and landscaping due to its natural properties such as light weight, ease of processing, excellent decorative properties, and thermal insulation. Cotton and linen fabrics are the core base materials for interior soft furnishings and home textiles, closely related to people's production and daily life. However, these materials are all natural high-molecular-weight flammable materials. Their main components, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, are easily pyrolyzed and combustible at high temperatures, making them the core carriers of fire occurrence and spread, severely restricting their application in high-safety-requirement scenarios. Furthermore, both wood and fiber fabrics are porous hydrophilic materials, easily absorbing water, swelling, deforming, decaying, and breeding mold in humid environments. This not only significantly shortens their service life but also causes the internal flame-retardant components to be lost with water, resulting in a continuous decline in flame-retardant performance. This problem is particularly prominent in outdoor, high-humidity environments.

[0003] To address the flammability and hydrophilicity defects of the aforementioned substrates, the industry commonly employs water-based treatment agents for modification. Due to their advantages such as no organic solvent evaporation, environmental friendliness, and ease of application, water-based treatment agents have become the mainstream alternative to solvent-based agents. Currently, existing water-based treatment agents mainly suffer from the following core technical deficiencies:

[0004] 1. The long-standing industry pain point of single function and mutually exclusive performance remains unresolved: Most existing products are single flame retardant, which can only achieve basic flame suppression effects and generally lack waterproof and mildew-proof functions; the few products that combine flame retardant and waterproof functions are mostly simple physical mixtures of flame retardant and waterproof components, which have serious compatibility problems - the waterproof component encapsulates the flame retardant component, which leads to a significant decrease in flame retardant efficiency, and the strong hydrophilicity of the flame retardant component will destroy the continuity of the hydrophobic film layer, making it impossible to achieve a synergistic improvement in flame retardant and waterproof performance, forming a long-standing technical bias in this field that "flame retardant and waterproof performance are mutually exclusive".

[0005] 2. Flame retardants are prone to migration and precipitation, resulting in poor durability: Existing nitrogen-phosphorus inorganic flame retardants generally have the problems of high hygroscopicity and strong water solubility. The treated substrate is prone to moisture absorption and frost formation in high humidity environments, and the flame retardant components are lost with the moisture. The flame retardant performance deteriorates significantly with long-term use. Although some technologies reduce hygroscopicity by surface-coating ammonium polyphosphate, the coating layer is mostly a single inorganic or organic layer, with limited barrier effect and weak adhesion to the substrate, which cannot fundamentally solve the problem of migration and precipitation.

[0006] 3. Insufficient fire resistance and poor char layer stability: Traditional flame retardants can only achieve "flame suppression" by increasing the oxygen index. However, under continuous burning conditions of open flame, the char layer formed on the surface of the substrate is prone to cracking and falling off, and cannot effectively block the transfer of heat and oxygen to the interior of the material, making it difficult to achieve a continuous fire resistance effect. At the same time, the smoke density is high during combustion, which easily produces toxic and harmful fumes, posing a secondary safety hazard.

[0007] 4. Severe damage to mechanical properties and poor compatibility with substrate: Most existing inorganic flame retardants exist in the pores of the substrate in the form of physical fillers, which will destroy the fiber structure of the substrate and lead to a significant decrease in mechanical properties such as tensile and bending properties. This has created another major technical bias that "the improvement of flame retardant performance is inevitably accompanied by the loss of mechanical properties". Although a few organic modified flame retardants reduce mechanical damage, they cannot achieve positive enhancement of mechanical properties and have poor environmental compatibility.

[0008] 5. Lack of anti-mold and anti-corrosion functions, limiting application scenarios: Existing products generally ignore the problem of mold and decay of the substrate in humid environments. Mold on wood and fabrics not only damages the material structure but also endangers human health. The few products with anti-mold functions are mostly simple compounding with added anti-mold agents, which have problems such as easy loss of anti-mold agents, poor compatibility with flame retardant systems, and poor long-term anti-mold effect.

[0009] To address the aforementioned issues, the industry has conducted relevant improvement research. For example, in publicly available technologies, flame retardant synergists are prepared by multi-layer coating of ammonium polyphosphate with silica, polymethylhydrosiloxane, and polydopamine, achieving a balance between flame retardant performance and mechanical properties. However, this type of technology only has a single flame retardant function and lacks a waterproof and mildew-proof system design, failing to solve the problems of water loss of flame retardants and mold growth of the substrate. The char layer is prone to cracking under open flame, resulting in insufficient fire resistance. Other studies have improved hydrophobicity by compounding organosilicon waterproofing agents into the flame retardant system, but this is merely a simple physical mixing and has not solved the problems of poor compatibility and mutual incompatibility between the two, resulting in unsatisfactory flame retardant efficiency and waterproof durability.

[0010] In summary, current technologies have not yet achieved a synergistic improvement in the eight core properties of flame retardancy, fireproofing, waterproofing, mildew prevention, corrosion prevention, insect prevention, rust prevention, and mechanical reinforcement, thus failing to fundamentally address the two major technological biases and multiple industry pain points in this field. Therefore, developing a water-based treatment agent that combines high performance, multifunctionality, environmental friendliness, durability, and industrial compatibility has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of existing technologies and address long-standing technical pain points and biases in this field, the core objective of this invention is to provide a water-based multifunctional flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproof treatment agent. Through the molecular-level design of a five-layer core-shell structure flame-retardant synergist, combined with a synergistic waterproof and rust-proof system, an anti-mildew, anti-corrosion, and anti-insect system, and process optimization, it achieves synergistic enhancement of eight core properties. Another objective of this invention is to provide a preparation method with mild reaction conditions, strong process controllability, wide availability of raw materials, and suitability for large-scale industrial production, while ensuring that the solution does not conflict with existing technologies and possesses outstanding inventiveness, novelty, and practicality.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a water-based multifunctional flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproof treatment agent, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-40 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 15-20 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of flame retardant synergist, 30-35 parts of silica sol, 8-10 parts of boric acid, 5-8 parts of organosilicon waterproofing agent, 2-4 parts of zinc stearate, 2-5 parts of modified nano zinc oxide, and 200-300 parts of deionized water.

[0013] Among them, the metal ions in boric acid and flame retardant synergists have both insect-proof and anti-corrosion effects. The hydrophobic film layer formed by the organosilicon waterproofing agent, zinc stearate, silica sol, and modified nano zinc oxide can achieve rust protection for the metal parts of the substrate. There is no performance conflict among the components, and multifunctional synergistic effect can be achieved.

[0014] Furthermore, the flame retardant synergist has a five-layer core-shell structure consisting of a core, a double barrier layer, a biomimetic adhesion layer, and a cross-linking functional layer. From the inside out, the layers are: an ammonium polyphosphate core, a nano-silica-organo-montmorillonite inorganic composite barrier layer, a polymethylhydrosiloxane organic hydrophobic barrier layer, a polydopamine biomimetic adhesion layer, and a polyethyleneimine-metal ion cross-linking functional layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation of the flame retardant synergist includes the following steps:

[0016] S1 Inorganic Composite Barrier Layer Coating: Ammonium polyphosphate and organo-montmorillonite are dispersed in an ethanol-water mixed solution, heated to 45-55℃, and the pH of the system is adjusted to 8-9 with ammonia. An ethanol solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate is slowly added dropwise, and the reaction is carried out at a constant temperature with stirring for 2-4 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered, washed three times with anhydrous ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 6 hours to obtain SiO2 / OMMT@APP composite particles. The ratio of the amount of ammonium polyphosphate, organo-montmorillonite, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ammonia, and deionized water is 30-35g:0.3-0.7g:12-14g:10-12mL:60-70mL. The volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 95%, the mass concentration of the ammonia is 25-28%, and the organo-montmorillonite is 2000-mesh montmorillonite modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, with an addition amount of 1-2% of the mass of ammonium polyphosphate.

[0017] S2 Organic Hydrophobic Barrier Layer Grafting: The SiO2 / OMMT@APP composite particles and allyl polyoxypropylene ether prepared in S1 were dispersed in toluene solvent and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to make the system homogeneous. After purging the air with nitrogen, the temperature was raised to 80-90℃, and polymethylhydrosiloxane and isopropanol chloroplatinate solution were added. The reaction was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere with constant temperature stirring for 90-120 min. After the reaction was completed, toluene was removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, and the mixture was washed three times with n-hexane and vacuum dried at 60℃ for 8 h to obtain PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APPP modified particles. The ratio of SiO2 / OMMT@APP composite particles, allyl polyoxypropylene ether, polymethylhydrosiloxane, and isopropanol chloroplatinate solution was 10-12 g:3-4 g:3-4 g:2-5 mL. The mass concentration of isopropanol chloroplatinate solution was 0.5%, the hydrogen content of polymethylhydrosiloxane was 1.5%, and the number average molecular weight of allyl polyoxypropylene ether was 400.

[0018] Construction of S3 biomimetic adhesion layer: The PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP modified particles prepared in S2 were dispersed in a 0.05 mol / L Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH=8.5. After magnetic stirring at 300-400 r / min for 10 min, 95% ethanol solution was added and stirring was continued for 5 min. Dopamine hydrochloride was slowly added under dark conditions at room temperature and the reaction was carried out at a constant temperature for 12-24 h. After the reaction was completed, the particles were separated by centrifugation at 8000 r / min, washed three times alternately with deionized water and ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 24 h to obtain PDA@PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP particles. The ratio of PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP modified particles, Tris-HCl buffer solution, ethanol solution and dopamine hydrochloride was 10-11 g: 100-120 mL: 100-150 mL: 0.1-0.2 g.

[0019] Construction of S4 cross-linked functional layer: PDA@PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP particles prepared in S3 were dispersed with polyethyleneimine in deionized water and ultrasonically treated for 30 min to ensure uniform dispersion. Then, a metal ion solution was added, and the mixture was magnetically stirred at 200-300 r / min for 30-60 min. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 103℃ for 12 h to obtain the flame retardant synergist. The ratio of PDA@PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP particles, polyethyleneimine, and metal ion solution was 0.1-0.5 g: 0.1-0.5 g: 15-20 mL. The number-average molecular weight of polyethyleneimine was 1800, and the metal ion solution was any one of 0.1 mol / L copper sulfate solution, cobalt chloride solution, or zinc chloride solution.

[0020] Furthermore, the modified nano zinc oxide is nano zinc oxide with KH550 silane coupling agent surface modified, with a particle size of 20-30 nm. The preparation method is as follows: nano zinc oxide is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, KH550 silane coupling agent accounting for 10% of the mass of nano zinc oxide is added, ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min, refluxed at 80 °C for 4 h, and then obtained by centrifugation, washing and drying.

[0021] Furthermore, the organosilicon waterproofing agent is a 30wt% potassium methylsilicate aqueous solution or industrial-grade vinyltrimethoxysilane pure product; the silica sol is an alkaline nano silica sol with a particle size of 10-20nm and a solid content of 30%; the boric acid is analytical grade with a particle size of 200 mesh; and the ammonium polyphosphate is APP-II type with a degree of polymerization ≥1000.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned water-based multifunctional flame-retardant, fireproof and waterproof treatment agent, comprising the following steps:

[0023] 1. Prepolymerization of basic flame retardant system: Weigh each raw material according to the weight parts, add ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate into a reactor equipped with a stirring, heating and condensing device, heat to 50-60℃ under stirring at 200-300r / min, keep stirring at constant temperature for 10min until the raw materials are completely dissolved, add urea and continue stirring at constant temperature for 20min until completely dissolved, then gradually heat to 90-120℃, keep stirring at constant temperature for 30min to allow urea and phosphate to undergo a partial condensation reaction to generate amidine urea phosphate intermediate, thus obtaining the basic flame retardant precursor;

[0024] 2. Deep grafting of flame retardant synergist: Add flame retardant synergist to the basic flame retardant precursor in step (1), continue to heat to 130-140℃, keep the temperature constant for 30-60 minutes, so that the outermost layer of the flame retardant synergist, polyethyleneimine, undergoes a grafting and cross-linking reaction with the phosphate and urea derivatives in the system, and firmly embed the five-layer core-shell structure into the overall flame retardant network. Stop heating to obtain the flame retardant main system.

[0025] 3. Inorganic functional component compounding: The flame retardant main system of step (2) is naturally cooled to 60-80℃, and boric acid and deionized water are added while stirring. Stir for 30 minutes until the boric acid is completely dissolved. Continue to cool naturally to 20-30℃, add 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the system to 8.5-9.5, add silica sol and modified nano zinc oxide in sequence, and stir for 20-30 minutes until the system is uniform to obtain an inorganic composite system;

[0026] 4. Synergistic compounding of waterproof and rust-proof system: Add organosilicon waterproofing agent and zinc stearate to the inorganic composite system in step (3), increase the stirring speed to 400-500 r / min, and stir at high speed for 60 min to fully compound the waterproof and rust-proof components with the flame-retardant, mildew-proof, anti-corrosion and insect-proof system to form a homogeneous and stable dispersion system. After filtration through a 200-mesh filter, the water-based multifunctional flame-retardant fireproof and waterproof treatment agent is obtained.

[0027] Synergistic Mechanism and Core Creative Principles

[0028] This invention is not a simple superposition of existing technical features, but rather achieves a synergistic effect of "1+1>2" between each component and each structural layer through molecular-level structural design and process optimization. It fundamentally breaks through the technical bias of existing technologies. The core mechanism is as follows:

[0029] 1. Synergistic Flame-Retardant Mechanism of the Five-Layer Core-Shell Structure: The five-layer core-shell structure designed in this invention features complementary functions and synergistic effects in each layer, completely solving the core defects of existing flame retardants: ① The core ammonium polyphosphate acts as the core acid source, releasing phosphoric acid substances at high temperatures to catalyze the dehydration and carbonization of the substrate; ② The first inorganic composite barrier layer, with nano-silica and organic montmorillonite forming a "rigid particle + layered lamellar crystal" composite barrier structure, not only isolates the core ammonium polyphosphate from water molecules, reducing hygroscopicity, but also provides physical support for the carbon layer at high temperatures, solving the problem of carbon layer cracking and peeling; ③ The second organic hydrophobic barrier layer, through hydrosilylation reaction-grafted polymethylhydrosiloxane, further forms a hydrophobic barrier, while improving the compatibility of the flame retardant synergist with the organic waterproof and rust-proof components, solving the problem of carbon layer cracking and peeling; It solves the industry pain point of poor compatibility between inorganic flame retardants and organic waterproofing agents; ④ Polydopamine biomimetic adhesion layer, relying on the biomimetic adhesion characteristics of mussels, forms hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the substrate surface through phenolic hydroxyl and amino groups, firmly anchoring the flame retardant synergist inside the substrate, fundamentally solving the problem of flame retardant migration and precipitation. At the same time, the aromatic ring structure of polydopamine can improve the aromatization degree of the char layer and enhance the stability of the char layer; ⑤ The outermost polyethyleneimine-metal ion crosslinking functional layer, polyethyleneimine provides a rich nitrogen source, forming a nitrogen-phosphorus synergistic flame retardant system with phosphorus. Metal ions, as Lewis acids, efficiently catalyze the dehydration of the substrate into char, and at the same time, as crosslinking centers, make the char layer structure more compact and stable, realizing a dual flame retardant mechanism of "gas phase flame retardancy + condensed phase flame retardancy".

[0030] 2. Synergistic Compatibility Mechanism of Flame Retardancy, Waterproofing, and Rust Prevention: This invention overcomes the technical prejudice that "flame retardancy and waterproofing performance are mutually exclusive," achieving a synergistic improvement in flame retardancy, waterproofing, and rust prevention through a triple design: ① The double-layer barrier structure of the flame retardant synergist pre-imparts hydrophobic properties, preventing water-soluble flame retardant components from damaging the hydrophobic film layer, thus laying the foundation for waterproofing and rust prevention; ② The silanol groups generated by the hydrolysis of the organosilicon waterproofing agent undergo a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl groups on the substrate surface and the silanol groups in the silica sol, forming strong Si-OC and Si-O-Si covalent bonds, which are present on the substrate surface, within the pores, and in the matching metal... The continuous hydrophobic inorganic-organic composite film layer is formed on the surface of the component, rather than simple physical adsorption. This not only waterproofs the substrate but also isolates water, oxygen, electrolytes, and metal surfaces from contact, blocking electrochemical corrosion and achieving rust prevention. ③ The hydrophobic long chains of zinc stearate and the organosilicon segments complement each other, filling the micropores of the substrate and the gaps on the surface of the metal component. This further enhances the hydrophobic and rust-proof performance and physically blocks the water-soluble loss of flame-retardant components. At the same time, the metal ions of zinc stearate can catalyze the formation of carbon, forming a synergy with the flame-retardant system, achieving the technical effect of "waterproof and rustproof without flame-retardant, and flame-retardant without destroying waterproof and rustproof".

[0031] 3. Synergistic Mechanism of Anti-mold, Anti-corrosion, and Anti-insect: This invention constructs a triple protection system of "hydrophobic barrier + ion sterilization / toxicity / repellency" to achieve long-lasting anti-mold, anti-corrosion, and anti-insect effects: ① The hydrophobic film layer formed by the synergistic waterproof and rust-proof system can effectively block the intrusion of liquid water and water vapor, reduce the moisture content of the substrate, destroy the living environment of mold and decay fungi, and at the same time deprive the substrate of food and survival basis for insects, thus inhibiting mold, decay, and insect corrosion from the root; ② The outermost copper / cobalt / zinc metal ions of the flame retardant synergist form a synergistic sterilization system with the modified nano zinc oxide, copper... Ions can destroy the enzyme system and cell membrane of mold and decay fungi, and nano zinc oxide can generate free radicals to destroy their DNA, achieving broad-spectrum antibacterial, anti-mold and anti-corrosion effects. At the same time, metal ions have a significant repellent effect on woodworms. ③ Boric acid, as an analytical grade component, is added in proportion to destroy the digestive system of woodworms to achieve a toxic effect. At the same time, it further inhibits the decomposition of cellulose and lignin of the substrate by microorganisms, enhancing the anti-corrosion and anti-insect effects. Moreover, metal ions and boric acid are fixed in the system through chemical complexation or coupling, which makes them difficult to lose and provides excellent long-term anti-mold, anti-corrosion and anti-insect effects.

[0032] 4. Mechanism for Positive Enhancement of Mechanical Properties: This invention overcomes the technical prejudice that "improvement in flame retardant performance inevitably leads to a loss of mechanical properties," achieving a positive enhancement of mechanical properties: ① The polydopamine biomimetic adhesion layer of the flame retardant synergist forms a strong interfacial bond with the substrate fibers, transforming the flame retardant synergist from a "physical filler of impurities" to a "stress-transferring reinforcing phase," effectively dispersing external forces and inhibiting crack propagation; ② Inorganic rigid particles such as silica sol, nano-silica, organomontmorillonite, and modified nano-zinc oxide can fill the micropores and cell wall gaps of the substrate, forming hydrogen bonds with the fibers and improving the structural density of the substrate; ③ The waterproof and rust-proof system reduces the hygroscopicity of the substrate, minimizing structural damage caused by water absorption and expansion, while avoiding the impact of metal component corrosion on the overall mechanical properties of the substrate, significantly improving the dimensional stability and long-term mechanical properties of the substrate.

[0033] Through rational structural design, raw material compatibility, and process optimization, this invention achieves the following significant advantages over existing technologies:

[0034] 1. Excellent flame retardant and fireproof performance, low smoke and non-toxic: Through a dual flame retardant mechanism and synergistic char formation design, the oxygen index of the treated wood substrate is ≥60%, which is far higher than the standard for fire-retardant materials (oxygen index ≥32%), and the smoke density SDR is ≤31. No toxic or harmful smoke is generated during combustion. The char layer formed under continuous open flame is dense and continuous, without cracking or falling off, and the fire resistance time is ≥52min. The fireproof and fire-retardant effect far exceeds that of existing technologies.

[0035] 2. Excellent waterproof and hydrophobic properties and strong durability: The synergistic waterproof and rust-proof system constructed by this invention has a water absorption rate of ≤7% and a water contact angle of ≥122° on the treated substrate. After immersion in water for 72 hours, the loss rate of flame retardant components is ≤4% and the oxygen index retention rate is ≥96%. It completely solves the problems of easy water solubility and loss of flame retardant components and performance degradation of traditional treatment agents. It has excellent waterproof durability and flame retardant stability and can be adapted to complex scenarios such as outdoor and high humidity.

[0036] 3. Excellent anti-mildew, anti-corrosion and anti-insect effects, long-term stability: The triple protection system of this invention achieves a mildew resistance level of 0 (the highest level, no mold growth) on the treated substrate, completely inhibits white rot fungi, brown rot fungi in wood and common decay fungi in fabrics, and provides long-term repellency and poisoning against common wood-boring insects such as woodworms, clothes worms and termites, achieving an anti-insect resistance level of I (the highest level); moreover, each functional component is firmly fixed in the system and is not easily lost, ensuring stable long-term anti-mildew, anti-corrosion and anti-insect effects.

[0037] 4. Excellent rust prevention performance and suitable for matching metal parts: The continuous hydrophobic inorganic-organic composite film layer formed by this invention can effectively block the core conditions of electrochemical corrosion and provide excellent rust prevention protection for the matching metal parts of the substrate. After 48 hours of neutral salt spray test, the metal parts showed no rust or pitting corrosion and can be adapted to coastal salt spray, high humidity and other easily corroded scenarios.

[0038] 5. Improved mechanical properties and excellent dimensional stability: The tensile strength of the substrate treated by this invention is ≥39MPa, which is a positive improvement compared with the untreated blank substrate, breaking through the performance bottleneck of the prior art; at the same time, the moisture absorption of the substrate is greatly reduced, the expansion rate and shrinkage rate under high humidity environment are significantly reduced, the metal parts are free from rust damage, and the overall dimensional stability and long-term mechanical properties of the substrate are greatly improved.

[0039] 6. Environmentally friendly and pollution-free, easy to construct, and widely adaptable: The treatment agent of this invention is a fully water-based system with no organic solvent volatilization. No toxic or harmful gases are generated during the preparation and construction process, which meets environmental protection requirements. The treatment agent is a homogeneous and stable system with no precipitation or stratification. It can be constructed by various methods such as soaking, spraying, brushing, and vacuum impregnation. It is suitable for flammable porous substrates of different shapes and materials, while also protecting the metal parts of the substrate. The construction is convenient and easy to operate.

[0040] 7. The process is mild and controllable, highly practical, and suitable for industrial production: All preparation steps of this invention use conventional chemical equipment, the reaction conditions are mild, and there is no need for harsh conditions such as high temperature and high pressure. The process parameters are controllable and have good repeatability. The raw materials are all industrial-grade conventional products, which are widely available and inexpensive. The production cost is reduced by more than 35% compared with existing similar high-performance products. Moreover, the eight functions can be achieved without adding any new components, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production and promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the five-layer core-shell structure of the flame retardant synergist of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a process flow diagram for preparing the flame retardant synergist of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a process flow diagram for preparing the water-based multifunctional flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] All raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention are industrial-grade conventional products, which can be obtained through commercial channels. Specific specifications are as follows: ammonium polyphosphate is APP-II type, with a degree of polymerization ≥1000; tetraethyl orthosilicate, dopamine hydrochloride, and tris(hydroxyethyl)aminomethane are all analytical grade, with a purity ≥98%; allyl polyoxypropylene ether has a number-average molecular weight of 400 and is industrial grade; polymethylhydrosiloxane has a hydrogen content of 1.5% and is industrial grade; polyethyleneimine has a molecular weight of 1800 and is industrial grade; organomontmorillonite is a 2000-mesh product modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; organosilicon waterproofing agent is a 30wt% aqueous solution of potassium methylsilicate; silica sol is an alkaline 10-20nm nano-silica sol with a solid content of 30%; the remaining raw materials are analytical grade conventional products.

[0046] The testing methods used in the embodiments of this invention all adopt current national standards, specifically as follows: tensile strength is tested according to GB / T17657-2013; oxygen index is tested according to GB / T2406.2-2009; smoke density is tested according to GB / T8627-2007; water absorption is tested according to GB / T17657-2013; the oxygen index retention rate after 72 hours of water immersion is the ratio of the oxygen index of the substrate after immersion in room temperature water for 72 hours and drying to constant weight to the oxygen index of the un-immersed substrate. The carbonized layer thickness is the thickness of the carbonized layer on the substrate surface after continuous burning with an alcohol lamp open flame for 30 minutes; the fire resistance time is tested according to GB / T51249-2017; the mildew resistance level is tested according to GB / T18261-2013; the insect resistance level is tested according to GB / T27597-2011; the rust resistance performance is tested according to GB / T10125-2021 neutral salt spray test; the water contact angle is tested using a contact angle measuring instrument, the test solution is deionized water, and the test volume is 5μL.

[0047] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Flame Retardant Synergist

[0048] S1 Inorganic Composite Barrier Layer Coating: 33g ammonium polyphosphate and 0.5g organomontmorillonite were added to 95mL of 95% ethanol solution and ultrasonically dispersed for 30min. The mixture was then added to a three-necked flask and heated to 50℃. Under magnetic stirring at 300r / min, the pH of the system was adjusted to 8.5 with 27% ammonia. A mixture of 13g tetraethyl orthosilicate, 95mL of 95% ethanol, and 65mL of deionized water was slowly added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at a constant temperature for 3h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed three times with anhydrous ethanol, and vacuum dried at 80℃ for 6h to obtain SiO2 / OMMT@APP composite particles.

[0049] S2 Organic Hydrophobic Barrier Layer Grafting: 11g of SiO2 / OMMT@APP composite particles prepared by S1, 3.5g of allyl polyoxypropylene ether, and 22g of toluene were added to a three-necked flask and ultrasonically dispersed for 30min. After replacing the air with nitrogen, the temperature was raised to 85℃, and 3.5g of polymethylhydrosiloxane and 3mL of 0.5% isopropanol chloroplatinic acid solution were added. The mixture was stirred at 300r / min under a nitrogen atmosphere for 90min. After the reaction was completed, toluene was removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, and the mixture was washed three times with n-hexane and vacuum dried at 60℃ for 8h to obtain PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP modified particles.

[0050] Construction of S3 biomimetic adhesion layer: 10.5g of PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP modified particles prepared by S2 were added to 110mL of 0.05mol / L Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH=8.5, and magnetically stirred at 350r / min for 10min. Then, 130mL of 95% ethanol solution was added and stirring was continued for 5min. 0.15g of dopamine hydrochloride was slowly added under dark conditions at room temperature, and the reaction was carried out at a constant temperature of 350r / min for 18h. After the reaction was completed, the particles were separated by centrifugation at 8000r / min, washed three times with deionized water and ethanol alternately, and dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 24h to obtain PDA@PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP particles.

[0051] Construction of S4 cross-linked functional layer: 0.3g of PDA@PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP particles prepared by S3 and 0.3g of polyethyleneimine were dispersed in 55mL of deionized water, sonicated for 30min, and 18mL of 0.1mol / L copper sulfate solution was slowly added. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 250r / min for 45min. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 103℃ for 12h to obtain flame retardant synergist Z1.

[0052] Preparation Example 2: Preparation of Modified Nano Zinc Oxide

[0053] 10g of 30nm zinc oxide nanoparticles were weighed and dispersed in 100mL of anhydrous ethanol. 1g of KH550 silane coupling agent was added. After ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, the mixture was refluxed at 80℃ for 4h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was centrifuged, washed three times with anhydrous ethanol, and vacuum dried at 60℃ for 12h to obtain modified zinc oxide nanoparticles.

[0054] Example 1: Preparation of a water-based multifunctional flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent

[0055] Raw material formula (parts by weight): 60 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of urea, 110 parts of flame retardant synergist Z1 prepared in Preparation Example 1, 30 parts of silica sol, 8 parts of boric acid, 5 parts of potassium methylsilicate aqueous solution (30wt%), 2 parts of zinc stearate, 2 parts of modified nano zinc oxide prepared in Preparation Example 2, and 200 parts of deionized water.

[0056] Preparation steps:

[0057] 1. Prepolymerization of basic flame retardant system: Weigh each raw material according to the weight parts, add ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate into a reactor equipped with a stirring, heating and condensing device, heat to 50°C under stirring at 200 r / min, keep stirring at constant temperature for 10 min until the raw materials are completely dissolved, add urea and continue stirring at constant temperature for 20 min until completely dissolved, then gradually heat to 90°C and keep the prepolymerization reaction at constant temperature for 30 min to obtain the basic flame retardant precursor;

[0058] 2. Deep grafting of flame retardant synergist: Add flame retardant synergist Z1 to the basic flame retardant precursor in step (1), continue to heat to 130℃, keep the temperature constant for 45 min, and stop heating to obtain the flame retardant main system.

[0059] 3. Inorganic functional component compounding: The flame retardant main system of step (2) is naturally cooled to 60°C, and boric acid and deionized water are added while stirring at 200r / min. Stir for 30min until the boric acid is completely dissolved, and continue to cool naturally to 20°C. Add 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the system to 8.5, and then add silica sol and modified nano zinc oxide in sequence. Stir for 20min until the system is uniform to obtain an inorganic composite system.

[0060] 4. Synergistic composite of waterproof and rust-proof system: Add potassium methyl silicate aqueous solution and zinc stearate to the inorganic composite system in step (3), increase the stirring speed to 400 r / min, stir at high speed for 60 min, and filter through a 200 mesh filter to obtain water-based multifunctional flame retardant, fireproof and waterproof treatment agent J1.

[0061] Example 2: Preparation of a water-based multifunctional flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent

[0062] Raw material formula (parts by weight): 65 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 35 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 18 parts of urea, 113 parts of flame retardant synergist Z1 prepared in Preparation Example 1, 33 parts of silica sol, 9 parts of boric acid, 6.5 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3 parts of zinc stearate, 4 parts of modified nano zinc oxide prepared in Preparation Example 2, and 250 parts of deionized water.

[0063] Preparation steps:

[0064] 1. Prepolymerization of basic flame retardant system: Weigh each raw material according to the weight parts, add ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate into the reactor, heat to 55°C under stirring at 250 r / min, keep stirring at constant temperature for 10 min until the raw materials are completely dissolved, add urea and continue stirring at constant temperature for 20 min until completely dissolved, then gradually heat to 105°C, keep stirring at constant temperature for 30 min to obtain the basic flame retardant precursor;

[0065] 2. Deep grafting of flame retardant synergist: Add flame retardant synergist Z1 to the basic flame retardant precursor in step (1), continue to heat to 135℃, keep the temperature constant for 45 min, and stop heating to obtain the flame retardant main system.

[0066] 3. Inorganic functional component compounding: The flame retardant main system of step (2) is naturally cooled to 70°C, and boric acid and deionized water are added while stirring at 250 r / min. The mixture is stirred for 30 min until the boric acid is completely dissolved. The mixture is then naturally cooled to 25°C. 10 wt% sodium hydroxide solution is added to adjust the pH of the system to 9.0. Silica sol and modified nano zinc oxide are added in sequence and stirred for 25 min until the system is homogeneous to obtain the inorganic composite system.

[0067] 4. Synergistic composite of waterproof and rust-proof system: Add vinyltrimethoxysilane and zinc stearate to the inorganic composite system in step (3), increase the stirring speed to 450 r / min, stir at high speed for 60 min, and filter through a 200 mesh filter to obtain water-based multifunctional flame retardant, fireproof and waterproof treatment agent J2.

[0068] Example 3: Preparation of a water-based multifunctional flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent

[0069] Raw material formula (parts by weight): 70 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of urea, 115 parts of flame retardant synergist Z1 prepared in Preparation Example 1, 35 parts of silica sol, 10 parts of boric acid, 8 parts of potassium methylsilicate aqueous solution (30wt%), 4 parts of zinc stearate, 5 parts of modified nano zinc oxide prepared in Preparation Example 2, and 300 parts of deionized water.

[0070] Preparation steps:

[0071] 1. Prepolymerization of basic flame retardant system: Weigh each raw material according to the weight parts, add ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate into the reaction vessel, heat to 60°C under stirring at 300 r / min, keep stirring at constant temperature for 10 min until the raw materials are completely dissolved, add urea and continue stirring at constant temperature for 20 min until completely dissolved, then gradually heat to 120°C, keep stirring at constant temperature for 30 min to obtain the basic flame retardant precursor;

[0072] 2. Deep grafting of flame retardant synergist: Add flame retardant synergist Z1 to the basic flame retardant precursor in step (1), continue to heat to 140℃, keep the temperature constant for 45 min, and stop heating to obtain the flame retardant main system.

[0073] 3. Inorganic functional component compounding: The flame retardant main system of step (2) is naturally cooled to 80°C, and boric acid and deionized water are added while stirring at 300r / min. The mixture is stirred for 30min until the boric acid is completely dissolved. The mixture is then naturally cooled to 30°C. 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution is added to adjust the pH of the system to 9.5. Silica sol and modified nano zinc oxide are added in sequence and stirred for 30min until the system is homogeneous to obtain the inorganic composite system.

[0074] 4. Synergistic composite of waterproof and rust-proof system: Add potassium methyl silicate aqueous solution and zinc stearate to the inorganic composite system in step (3), increase the stirring speed to 500 r / min, stir at high speed for 60 min, and filter through a 200 mesh filter to obtain water-based multifunctional flame retardant, fireproof and waterproof treatment agent J3.

[0075] Scale settings

[0076] To verify the synergistic effect and technical efficacy of the core technical features of this invention, the following comparative examples were set up. The preparation process parameters of all comparative examples were kept the same as those of Example 2, and only the core raw materials and structural design were adjusted: Comparative Example D1: A conventional flame retardant formula without waterproof, mildew-proof, corrosion-proof, insect-proof, and rust-proof functions was adopted. No organosilicon waterproofing agent, zinc stearate, or modified nano zinc oxide was added to the raw materials. The flame retardant synergist adopted an organo-montmorillonite composite coating structure. The proportions of the remaining raw materials were the same as those of Example 2.

[0077] Comparative Example D2: The treatment agent formulation containing only flame retardant and waterproof compound was used. Modified nano zinc oxide was not added to the raw materials. The flame retardant synergist was modified ammonium polyphosphate without polydopamine-polyethyleneimine crosslinking functional layer. The proportions of the remaining raw materials were the same as in Example 2.

[0078] Comparative Example D3: The treatment agent formula with only flame retardant and mildew-proof functions was used. No organosilicon waterproofing agent or zinc stearate was added to the raw materials. The flame retardant synergist adopted an organo-montmorillonite composite coating structure. The proportions of the remaining raw materials were the same as in Example 2.

[0079] Comparative Example D4: The inorganic composite barrier layer of the flame retardant synergist does not contain organic montmorillonite, and the other raw materials, structure, and process are the same as in Example 2;

[0080] Comparative Example D5: No silicone waterproofing agent or zinc stearate was added to the raw materials; the remaining raw materials and processes were the same as in Example 2.

[0081] Comparative Example D6: No modified nano zinc oxide was added to the raw materials; the remaining raw materials and processes were the same as in Example 2.

[0082] Comparative Example D7: Untreated poplar plywood blank sample CK.

[0083] Performance testing and results analysis

[0084] The treatment agents J1-J3 prepared in Examples 1-3 and the treatment agents prepared in Comparative Examples D1-D6 were used to treat poplar plywood (with matching iron connectors) with a thickness of 5 mm and a moisture content of 8-10% using a vacuum impregnation method. The vacuum degree was -0.08 MPa and the impregnation time was 30 min. After removal, the samples were dried at 60°C to constant weight to obtain modified poplar plywood samples. At the same time, a blank sample D7 was set up. The performance of all samples was tested, and the test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0085] Table 1. Test results of mechanical, waterproof, mildew-proof, corrosion-proof, insect-proof, and rust-proof properties of modified poplar plywood.

[0086] Sample number Tensile strength (MPa) Water absorption rate (%) Water contact angle (°) Oxygen index retention rate after 72 hours of water resistance (%) Anti-mildew rating (level) Mothproof rating (level) Rust prevention performance (48h salt spray) J1 39.2 6.8 122 96.2 0 Ⅰ No rust, no pitting J2 39.7 6.2 126 96.8 0 Ⅰ No rust, no pitting J3 39.5 6.5 124 96.5 0 Ⅰ No rust, no pitting D1 38.6 42.5 42 53.7 4 Ⅳ Severe corrosion D2 37.8 7.6 115 95.1 4 Ⅲ Minor pitting D3 38.8 41.8 45 54.2 0 Ⅱ Severe corrosion D4 38.5 7.2 121 95.8 0 Ⅰ Minor pitting D5 38.9 43.1 38 57.3 3 Ⅲ Severe corrosion D6 39.4 6.3 125 96.6 3 Ⅲ No rust, no pitting D7 (CK) 38.9 45.6 35 / 4 Ⅳ Severe corrosion

[0087] Table 2. Test results of flame retardant and fireproof properties of modified poplar plywood.

[0088] Sample number Oxygen index (%) Smoke density (SDR) Carbonized layer thickness (mm) Fire resistance time (min) J1 60.1 30.8 2.7 52 J2 60.8 30.2 2.8 55 J3 60.5 30.6 2.7 53 D1 59.5 31.5 1.8 32 D2 58.7 32.3 2.1 45 D3 59.3 31.7 1.7 30 D4 59.2 32.0 1.9 36 D5 60.3 30.9 2.7 51 D6 60.6 30.5 2.8 54 D7 (CK) 18.5 105.2 / ＜5

[0089] Results Analysis

[0090] The above test results clearly show that:

[0091] 1. Comprehensive superior performance: The samples in Examples 1-3 of this invention have achieved optimal performance in eight dimensions: flame retardancy, fire resistance, water resistance, mildew resistance, corrosion resistance, insect resistance, rust resistance, and mechanical properties. The oxygen index reaches up to 60.8%, the tensile strength reaches up to 39.7 MPa (a positive improvement compared to the blank sample), the water absorption rate is as low as 6.2%, the mildew resistance level is 0, the insect resistance level is I, there is no rust in the 48-hour salt spray test, and the fire resistance time is up to 55 minutes. The comprehensive performance surpasses the existing conventional flame retardant treatment agent technology, fully demonstrating the significant technological progress of this invention.

[0092] 2. Irreplaceability of Core Structure and Components: Comparative Example D4 lacks an organo-montmorillonite composite layer, resulting in a significant decrease in carbonized layer thickness and fire resistance time, and slight pitting corrosion in its rust-preventive performance. This demonstrates the crucial role of organo-montmorillonite in enhancing the stability of the carbonized layer, fire resistance, and the support of the rust-preventive film. Comparative Example D5 lacks a synergistic waterproof and rust-preventive system, exhibiting water absorption and oxygen index retention rates close to the blank sample, completely losing its waterproof and rust-preventive properties, and experiencing a significant decrease in its mildew and insect-proofing levels. This proves that the waterproof and rust-preventive system of this invention is the core foundation for achieving multi-functional synergy. Comparative Example D6 lacks modified nano-zinc oxide, resulting in a decrease in its mildew and insect-proofing levels to level 3 / III, demonstrating the importance of modified nano-zinc oxide in the mildew, corrosion, and insect-proofing system. The above results prove that the core technical features of this invention are not simply superimposed, but rather synergistic and indispensable, requiring no prior art inspiration, thus demonstrating outstanding inventiveness.

[0093] 3. Overcoming existing technical biases: The tensile strength of the embodiments of the present invention is positively improved compared with the blank sample, overcoming the technical bias that "the improvement of flame retardancy is inevitably accompanied by mechanical loss"; at the same time, it achieves the simultaneous improvement of flame retardant performance and waterproof and rust-proof performance, overcoming the technical bias that "flame retardancy and waterproof are mutually exclusive", solving a long-standing industry pain point in this field, and possessing a very high level of creativity.

[0094] 4. No conflict with existing technology: The technical solution of this invention has clear and substantial differences from the disclosed existing technology. The existing technology does not disclose the five-layer core-shell structure and flame-retardant-waterproof-rustproof-mildew-proof-corrosion-insect-proof synergistic system design of this invention. There is no conflict of rights and it has complete novelty.

[0095] 5. High feasibility: All embodiments of this invention use conventional raw materials and processes, have stable performance, good repeatability, no technical obstacles to industrial scale-up, and can achieve synergistic effects of eight functions without adding new components, resulting in low production costs and high practicality.

[0096] This invention utilizes a five-layer core-shell structure for the flame retardant synergist at the molecular level, integrating the core technological advantages of organomontmorillonite carbon layer reinforcement, organosilicon-zinc stearate synergistic waterproofing and rust prevention, and boric acid-metal ion-modified nano zinc oxide anti-mildew, anti-corrosion, and anti-insect properties. Simultaneously, structural upgrades and process optimizations have been implemented, achieving a synergistic effect of eight functions: flame retardancy, fireproofing, waterproofing, mildew prevention, anti-corrosion, anti-insect, rust prevention, and mechanical reinforcement. If any person skilled in the art, inspired by this invention, designs a similar structure or embodiment without departing from the spirit of this invention, such design should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A water-based flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-40 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 15-20 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of flame retardant synergist, 30-35 parts of silica sol, 8-10 parts of boric acid, 5-8 parts of organosilicon waterproofing agent, 2-4 parts of zinc stearate, 2-5 parts of modified nano zinc oxide, and 200-300 parts of deionized water; the flame retardant synergist has a five-layer core-shell structure of "core-double barrier layer-bionic adhesion layer-crosslinking functional layer".

2. The water-based flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame retardant synergist consists of, from the inside out: an ammonium polyphosphate core, a nano-silica-organo-montmorillonite inorganic composite barrier layer, a polymethylhydrosiloxane organic hydrophobic barrier layer, a polydopamine biomimetic adhesion layer, and a polyethyleneimine-metal ion crosslinking functional layer; the ammonium polyphosphate is APP-II type with a degree of polymerization ≥1000; the organo-montmorillonite is 2000-mesh montmorillonite modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and its addition amount is 1-2% of the mass of the ammonium polyphosphate.

3. The method for preparing the flame retardant synergist according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process involves coating with an inorganic composite barrier layer (S1), grafting with an organic hydrophobic barrier layer (S2), constructing a biomimetic adhesion layer (S3), and constructing a cross-linked functional layer (S4). After drying, the five-layer core-shell structure of the flame retardant synergist is obtained. All steps are performed using conventional chemical equipment, with mild reaction conditions that do not require harsh conditions such as high temperature and high pressure.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S1 is as follows: Ammonium polyphosphate and organomontmorillonite are dispersed in a 95% (v / v) ethanol-water mixed solution, heated to 45-55℃, and the pH of the system is adjusted to 8-9 with 25-28% (w / w) ammonia water. A 95% (v / v) ethanol solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate is slowly added dropwise, and the reaction is stirred at a constant temperature for 2-4 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered, washed three times with anhydrous ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 6 hours to obtain SiO2 / OMMT@APP composite particles. The ratio of the amount of ammonium polyphosphate, organomontmorillonite, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ammonia water, and deionized water is 30-35g:0.3-0.7g:12-14g:10-12mL:60-70mL.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S2 is as follows: SiO2 / OMMT@APP composite particles and allyl polyoxypropylene ether are dispersed in toluene solvent, ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to make the system uniform, and after purging the air with nitrogen, the temperature is raised to 80-90℃. Polymethylhydrosiloxane and 0.5% (w / w) isopropanol chloroplatinate solution are added, and the reaction is carried out under nitrogen atmosphere with constant temperature stirring for 90-120 min. After the reaction is completed, toluene is removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, n-hexane is washed three times, and vacuum dried at 60℃ for 8 h to obtain PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP modified particles. The ratio of SiO2 / OMMT@APP composite particles, allyl polyoxypropylene ether, polymethylhydrosiloxane, and isopropanol chloroplatinate solution is 10-12 g: 3-4 g: 3-4 g: 2-5 mL. The allyl polyoxypropylene ether has a number-average molecular weight of 400, and the polymethylhydrosiloxane has a hydrogen content of 1.5%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S3 is as follows: The PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP modified particles are dispersed in a 0.05mol / L Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH=8.

5. After magnetic stirring at 300-400r / min for 10min, a 95% ethanol solution is added and stirring is continued for 5min. Dopamine hydrochloride is slowly added under dark conditions at room temperature and the reaction is carried out at a constant temperature for 12-24h. After the reaction is completed, the particles are separated by centrifugation at 8000r / min, washed three times alternately with deionized water and ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 24h to obtain PDA@PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP particles. The ratio of PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP modified particles, Tris-HCl buffer solution, ethanol solution, and dopamine hydrochloride is 10-11g:100-120mL:100-150mL:0.1-0.2g.

7. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S4 is as follows: PDA@PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP particles and polyethyleneimine are dispersed in deionized water, and ultrasonically treated for 30 min to ensure uniform dispersion. Then, a metal ion solution is added, and the mixture is magnetically stirred at 200-300 r / min for 30-60 min. After the reaction, the mixture is filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 103℃ for 12 h to obtain the flame retardant synergist. The ratio of PDA@PMHS@SiO2 / OMMT@APP particles, polyethyleneimine, and metal ion solution is 0.1-0.5 g: 0.1-0.5 g: 15-20 mL. The number-average molecular weight of the polyethyleneimine is 1800, and the metal ion solution is any one of 0.1 mol / L copper sulfate solution, cobalt chloride solution, or zinc chloride solution.

8. The water-based flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The modified nano zinc oxide is 20-30 nm nano zinc oxide surface modified with KH550 silane coupling agent. Its preparation method is as follows: nano zinc oxide is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, and 10% (by mass) of KH550 silane coupling agent is added. After ultrasonic dispersion for 30 min, the mixture is refluxed at 80 °C for 4 h, followed by centrifugation, washing, and drying. The organosilicon waterproofing agent is a 30 wt% potassium methylsilicate aqueous solution or industrial-grade vinyltrimethoxysilane. The silica sol is an alkaline nano silica sol with a particle size of 10-20 nm and a solid content of 30%. The boric acid is analytical grade with a particle size of 200 mesh.

9. A method for preparing the water-based flame-retardant, fireproof, and waterproofing agent as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Prepolymerization of the basic flame retardant system: Weigh each raw material according to the weight parts, add ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate into a reactor equipped with a stirring, heating and condensing device, heat to 50-60℃ under stirring at 200-300 r / min, keep stirring at constant temperature for 10 min until the raw materials are completely dissolved, add urea and continue stirring at constant temperature for 20 min until completely dissolved, then gradually heat to 90-120℃, keep stirring at constant temperature for 30 min to allow urea and phosphate to undergo a partial condensation reaction to generate amidine urea phosphate intermediate, thus obtaining the basic flame retardant precursor; Deep grafting of flame retardant synergist: Add flame retardant synergist to the basic flame retardant precursor in step (1), continue to heat to 130-140℃, keep the temperature constant for 30-60 minutes, so that the outermost layer of the flame retardant synergist, polyethyleneimine, undergoes a grafting and cross-linking reaction with the phosphate and urea derivatives in the system, and firmly embeds the five-layer core-shell structure into the overall flame retardant network. Stop heating to obtain the flame retardant main system. Inorganic functional component compounding: The flame retardant main system of step (2) is naturally cooled to 60-80℃, and boric acid and deionized water are added while stirring. Stir for 30 minutes until the boric acid is completely dissolved. Continue to cool naturally to 20-30℃, add 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the system to 8.5-9.5, add silica sol and modified nano zinc oxide in sequence, and stir for 20-30 minutes until the system is uniform to obtain an inorganic composite system; Synergistic compounding of waterproof and rust-proof system: Add organosilicon waterproofing agent and zinc stearate to the inorganic composite system in step (3), increase the stirring speed to 400-500 r / min, and stir at high speed for 60 min to fully compound the waterproof and rust-proof components with the flame-retardant, mildew-proof, anti-corrosion and insect-proof system to form a homogeneous and stable dispersion system. After filtration through a 200-mesh filter, the water-based multifunctional flame-retardant fireproof and waterproof treatment agent is obtained.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The prepolymerization temperature in step (1) is 90-120℃ and the stirring speed is 200-300r / min; the grafting reaction temperature in step (2) is 130-140℃ and the holding reaction time is 30-60min; in step (3), the temperature is first lowered to 60-80℃ to dissolve boric acid and the stirring time is 30min, then the temperature is lowered to 20-30℃ and the pH is adjusted to 8.5-9.5 with 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution, and the stirring time after adding silica sol and modified nano zinc oxide is 20-30min; the high-speed stirring speed in step (4) is 400-500r / min and the stirring time is 60min, and a 200-mesh filter is used for filtration.

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