A method for installing a support-free prefabricated side ditch

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of drainage ditches and discloses an installation method for a support-free prefabricated side ditch, comprising the following steps: Step 1, inserting two self-advancing templates into the soil; Step 2, excavating between the two self-advancing templates; Step 3, pouring the side panels; Step 4, removing the self-advancing templates, which can be reused. This method eliminates the need for foundation pit support and on-site pouring of the base slab, requiring only the pouring of the side panels. While ensuring resistance to lateral earth pressure, it achieves smooth drainage, reliable quality, reduced investment, less land occupation, and meets the requirements of industrialized construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drainage ditches, and more specifically to an installation method for a support-free prefabricated side ditch. Background Technology

[0002] Roadbed drainage side ditches are located on the outer edge of the road shoulder in road cuts to collect and drain surface water within the cut area. In long road cut sections and roadbed drainage side ditches with reverse slopes, to meet the need for natural gravity drainage of surface water, the bottom height of the side ditch is often lower than the ditch platform, thus forming deep side ditches. Currently, traditional deep side ditch construction has the following drawbacks: 1. The narrow lateral width of the side trenches and the limited construction space, coupled with the great depth of the deep side trenches, make construction difficult and result in poor construction quality.

[0003] 2. Deep side trenches have greater soil pressure, and the side trenches are prone to cracking and damage due to insufficient structural strength. Traditional U-shaped side trenches require a significant increase in structural size to resist soil pressure, which leads to increased investment and a larger footprint.

[0004] 3. Before construction, the side ditch foundation pit needs to be excavated and supported. The support cost is high and the construction period is long. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an installation method for a support-free prefabricated side ditch, which eliminates the need for foundation pit support and on-site pouring of the base slab, requiring only the pouring of the side slab. While ensuring resistance to lateral earth pressure, it achieves smooth drainage, reliable quality, reduced investment, reduced land occupation, and meets the requirements of industrialized construction.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an installation method for a support-free prefabricated side ditch, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Insert two self-advancing templates into the soil; Step 2: Excavate between the two self-advancing templates; Step 3: Pour the side slabs; Step 4: Remove the self-advancing template. The self-advancing template can be reused.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this plan are: 1. Drainage ditches typically consist of side panels and a bottom panel. This solution uses self-advancing steel formwork as the outer formwork for the side panels, which can be directly driven into the soil and also serve as the support structure for the foundation pit. This avoids the foundation pit support work during conventional side ditch construction, saving investment and construction time.

[0008] 2. The outer formwork also serves as foundation pit support, saving the cost of traditional foundation pit support and reducing the amount of earthwork.

[0009] 3. Because of the insertion-type fixing method, the self-advancing formwork can be pulled out after pouring, and the self-advancing formwork can be reused, reducing costs.

[0010] Furthermore, the self-advancing template includes an outer template, and an inner template is provided on the inner side of the outer template; In step two, the soil between the inner and outer formwork is excavated; In step three, side panels are formed by pouring concrete between the inner and outer formwork. In step four, remove the inner and outer templates.

[0011] Furthermore, In step one, a shim is provided on the side of the inner template near the outer template, and the lower end of the shim is higher than the designed height of the bottom of the side plate; In step three, a support step is formed at the point where the lower end of the gasket contacts the side plate; It also includes step five, placing the prefabricated base plate on the supporting steps.

[0012] Furthermore, both the inner and outer templates are equipped with pull rings at their upper ends. In step four, the pull rings serve as the force points during demolding.

[0013] Furthermore, In step two, the self-advancing template is the outer template, and the connecting rod is connected between the two outer templates; In step three, the inner template is placed between the two outer templates, and the side panels are poured between the outer and inner templates.

[0014] Furthermore, in step three, the inner template includes a first bottom mold and two side molds. The lower sides of the two side molds are connected to both sides of the first bottom mold, and the upper ends of the two side molds are connected to the connecting rods. The side plates and bottom plates of the drainage ditch are integrally cast.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper inner side of the outer template has several limiting grooves; the upper ends of the two side molds of the inner template are respectively provided with several buckles that align with the limiting grooves; in step three, the connecting rod passes through the corresponding buckle and supports its end in the corresponding limiting groove.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner template adopts a segmented design; In step two, after connecting the connecting rods to the two outer templates, there are still extra connecting rods; Step three, placing the inner template between the two outer templates, specifically includes the following steps: 3.1. Pass the excess connecting rod through the buckle on a section of the inner template; 3.2 Remove the connecting rod at the corresponding position on the outer template, place the inner template section with the connecting rod through it between the two outer templates, and place the end of the connecting rod into the corresponding limiting groove. Use the removed connecting rod to connect with the next inner template section. 3.3 Repeat steps 3.1 and 3.2 to align and connect the next and previous segments of the inner template until all segments of the inner template are installed in place.

[0017] Furthermore, in step three, two inner templates are inserted into the soil; in step four, the outer and inner templates are pulled out; and in step five, the prefabricated base plate is installed.

[0018] Furthermore, the lower end of the outer template is equipped with a self-advancing soil breaking head, which is used to break the soil. The self-advancing soil breaking head consists of several conical parts, and the lower end cross section of the conical parts is smaller than the upper end cross section.

[0019] The effects of this plan can be described in three main aspects: Option 1 (both inner and outer formwork are self-advancing type; excavate the side panels first): 1. First, the inner and outer formwork are inserted into the soil together, and a double-row steel sheet pile structure consisting of the outer and inner formwork is used as the foundation pit support structure. Then, the soil between the inner and outer formwork is excavated, and the cast-in-place side panels are quickly poured to form a stable whole with the concrete and the inner and outer formwork to support the side soil. The inner and outer formwork are then removed. At this point, the side trench between the two inner formworks is excavated, which ensures structural stability and eliminates the need for additional support, making construction convenient and quick.

[0020] 2. Install shims to create supporting steps in the cast-in-place side slabs to support the base slab, ensuring its stability. Compared to cast-in-place base slabs, on-site installation of prefabricated base slabs avoids the need for reinforcing steel tying and formwork in confined spaces, making it more convenient and faster.

[0021] 3. The self-advancing soil breaking head can assist the inner and outer mold embedding sections in being directly inserted into the soil.

[0022] 4. Both the inner and outer formwork are equipped with pull rings at the top to facilitate demolding and reuse after pouring.

[0023] Option 2 (only the outer template is a self-entering template): 1. The inner formwork consists of a first bottom formwork and two side formworks, forming a U-shaped structure. The inner formwork is connected to the self-advancing outer formwork by connecting rods. The bottom of the inner formwork is suspended without any other support, so that the bottom plate and side plate of the drainage ditch can be cast in one piece. Since it is cast in one piece, there are no joints or cracks from secondary casting, which ensures the integrity of the drainage ditch structure and the casting quality. 2. The setting of the limiting groove allows the end of the connecting rod to be detachably connected to the self-advancing outer template. That is, the end of the connecting rod can be directly placed into the limiting groove. When disassembling, simply lift the connecting rod upwards.

[0024] 3. After the drainage ditch is excavated, the connecting rods serve as lateral supports to maintain the stability of the self-advancing outer formwork, so they cannot be easily removed; however, due to the obstruction of the connecting rods, and the fact that the inner formwork adopts an integrated U-shaped structure, it is impossible to directly bypass the connecting rods and place it into the excavated drainage ditch. Therefore, this design incorporates limiting grooves and buckles. The connecting rod is pre-threaded through the two buckles of the inner template, and lifting the connecting rod will move the inner template. At this point, the connecting rod at the corresponding position can be removed, and the inner template and its connecting rod can be placed into the corresponding position together to complete the quick replacement, thereby reducing the time without lateral support and ensuring structural stability. However, to complete this process quickly, the inner template needs to be divided into several small sections, placed in the drainage ditch, and then spliced. In this solution, the connecting rod passes through the buckle and slides with the buckle. Therefore, after being placed in the drainage ditch, the lower side of the inner template is suspended, which makes it easier to slide along the axis of the connecting rod. This facilitates the adjustment and alignment between adjacent sections of the inner template, so as to connect several sections of the inner template into a whole, thereby ensuring the overall quality.

[0025] After the inner formwork is moved into place, stability can be improved in various ways, such as placing cement bags on the first bottom mold of the inner formwork to reduce swaying. The drainage ditch itself has lower precision requirements; meeting the design requirements is sufficient.

[0026] Option 3 (Internal formwork similar to self-advancing formwork, drainage ditch excavated first) 1. In Option 1, it is necessary to excavate the soil between the inner and outer formwork to facilitate the pouring of the side panels. Although the width of the side panels of the deep trench is usually several tens of centimeters, it is not convenient for people to stand in the trench during excavation. The bending angle is larger, which is tiring and inconvenient. In this solution, the self-advancing template from step one is first inserted into the soil, and the entire drainage ditch is excavated directly, which greatly increases the working surface and reduces the construction difficulty. Then, connecting rods are used to connect the two self-advancing templates, which is convenient and quick. Then the inner formwork is inserted into the soil. Compared with Scheme 2, this scheme simplifies the construction difficulty of the inner formwork and can be used in conjunction with the precast base slab. Compared with the cast-in-place base slab, it ensures the quality of the base slab. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of Example 1; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural breakdown diagram of Example 1; Figure 3 This is a 3D view of the drainage ditch after demolding in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of the self-advancing template after it has been inserted into the soil in Example 1; Figure 5 for Figure 4 3D view after excavation of the side plate; Figure 6 for Figure 5 3D view after the side slabs have been poured; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A 3D view of the drainage ditch after it has been excavated; Figure 8 for Figure 7 3D view after base plate installation; Figure 9 for Figure 8 3D view after the cover plate is installed; Figure 10 This is a flowchart of Example 2; Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional diagram of Example 2; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the self-advancing external template inserted into the soil in Example 2; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A 3D view of the drainage ditch after it has been excavated; Figure 14 for Figure 13 3D view after installing the U-shaped inner template; Figure 15 for Figure 14 Detail drawing of point A; Figure 16 This is a flowchart of Example 3; Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional diagram of Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Cover plate; 2. Side plate; 3. Inner formwork; 4. Outer formwork; 5. Connecting rod; 6. Support rod; 7. Self-propelled soil breaking head; 8. Vertical back rib; 9. Gasket; 10. First precast slab; 11. Second precast slab; 12. Upper interlocking joint; 13. Lower interlocking joint; 14. Soil; 15. Side formwork; 16. First bottom formwork; 17. Second bottom formwork; 18. Limiting groove; 19. Buckle.

[0029] Example 1 A method for installing a support-free prefabricated side ditch, the flowchart of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation Figure 2The self-advancing template, base plate, and cover plate 1 are shown. The lower end of the self-advancing template is equipped with a self-advancing soil-breaking head 7, which is used to break the soil mass 14. The self-advancing soil-breaking head 7 consists of several conical components, with the lower cross-section of the conical component being smaller than the upper cross-section. The self-advancing template includes an outer template 4 and an inner template 3 disposed inside the outer template 4. A gasket 9 is integrally formed on the side of the inner template 3 closest to the outer template 4. The lower end of the gasket 9 is higher than the bottom design height of the side plate 2 to be poured. Simultaneously, pull rings are welded to the upper ends of both the inner template 3 and the outer template 4. These pull rings serve as stress points during demolding; in this embodiment, the pull rings are used to connect with steel wire ropes.

[0030] like Figure 4 As shown, the two self-advancing templates are inserted into the soil 14 respectively. After insertion, the lower end of the pad 9 is higher than the bottom design height of the side plate 2.

[0031] Step 2, as follows Figure 5 As shown, the soil 14 between the inner template 3 and the outer template 4 is excavated to form the casting cavity for the side plate 2 of the drainage ditch.

[0032] Step 3, as follows Figure 6 As shown, concrete is poured into the cavity between the inner template 3 and the outer template 4 to form the side plate 2; since the lower end of the gasket 9 is higher than the bottom of the side plate 2, the lower end of the gasket 9 naturally forms a supporting step at the contact position with the side plate 2 after pouring.

[0033] Step 4, as follows Figure 7 As shown, the soil 14 between the two inner formwork 3 is excavated, and the inner formwork 3 and outer formwork 4 are pulled out by using the pull rings at the upper ends of the inner formwork 3 and outer formwork 4 as force points, so as to realize the reuse of the self-advancing formwork.

[0034] Step 5, as follows Figure 8 As shown, the prefabricated base plate is placed on the supporting steps on both side plates 2 to complete the installation of the support-free prefabricated side ditch. The base plate includes several first prefabricated plates 10 and second prefabricated plates 11. One end of the first prefabricated plate 10 is integrally formed with an upper interlocking joint 12, and the other end is provided with a lower interlocking joint 13. The shapes of the upper interlocking joint 12 and the lower interlocking joint 13 are matched. The first prefabricated plate 10 is used to splice the middle of the base plate. In this embodiment, the upper interlocking joint 12 is rectangular and is connected to the upper part of the end of the first prefabricated plate 10 to form a "Z"-shaped interlocking joint. Similarly, the lower interlocking joint 13 is also rectangular and is connected to the lower part of the other end of the first prefabricated plate 10.

[0035] In this embodiment, the self-propelled formwork is a steel formwork with a rectangular plate structure. Each base plate and cover plate 1 is made with a length of 500mm to 1000mm. The main material is RPC high-strength cement-based material, and the base plate thickness is 150mm to 300mm. After the base plate is laid, waterproof mortar is applied to the top surface of the base plate and the inner side of the side plate 2. Figure 9 As shown, cover plate 1 is an RPC lattice plate, including steel mesh and RPC high-strength cement base, which is directly laid on side plate 2. After completion, the drainage ditch is as follows... Figure 3 As shown.

[0036] Example 2 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the flowchart is as follows: Figure 10 As shown: In step one, prepare as follows Figure 11 The template shown; as Figure 12 As shown, two self-propelled templates are inserted into the soil; In step two, such as Figure 13 As shown, after excavation between the two self-advancing templates, connecting rod 5 is connected between the two self-advancing templates to provide lateral support for the self-advancing templates. The self-advancing template is the outer template 4.

[0037] In step three, such as Figure 14 , Figure 15 As shown, an inner formwork 3 is prepared, which includes a first bottom formwork 16 and two side formworks 15. A horizontal support rod 6, made of stainless steel round pipe, is bolted between the two side formworks 15 to resist lateral pressure during pouring. The lower sides of the two side formworks 15 are connected to the two sides of the first bottom formwork 16, and the upper ends of the two side formworks 15 are used to mate with connecting rods 5. Both the inner formwork 3 and the outer formwork 4 have a strip-shaped vertical back rib 8 integrally formed on the side away from the cast-in-place sidewall. A second bottom formwork 17 is also required. The second bottom formwork 17 and the two self-advancing outer formworks 4 are assembled into a U-shape. The bottom formwork is a disposable consumable. In this embodiment, the second bottom formwork 17 is made of bamboo plywood.

[0038] The inner formwork 3 and the second bottom formwork 17 are placed between the two outer formworks 4, and then concrete is poured between the outer formworks 4 and the inner formwork 3 to form the side plate 2 and the bottom plate as a whole, thus forming a drainage ditch.

[0039] The outer template 4 has several limiting grooves 18 on its inner upper end, which are set within the width of the vertical back rib 8 and are spaced 250mm to 500mm apart. Several retaining rings 19 are welded to the upper ends of the two side molds 15 of the inner template 3, and the retaining rings 19 are aligned with the limiting grooves 18. During connection, the connecting rod 5 passes through the corresponding retaining ring 19, and the end of the connecting rod 5 is supported within the corresponding limiting groove 18, thereby suspending and positioning the inner template 3. The end of the connecting rod 5 is accommodated within or engaged with the limiting groove 18.

[0040] In this embodiment, the inner template 3 adopts a segmented design. In step two, after connecting the two outer templates 4 through the limiting groove 18, there are still extra connecting rods 5 reserved. The specific operation of placing the inner template 3 between the two outer templates 4 in step three is as follows: 3.1 First, pass the excess connecting rod 5 through the buckle 19 on a section of the inner template 3; 3.2 Remove the connecting rod 5 at the corresponding position on the outer template 4, then place the inner template 3 with the connecting rod 5 through it between the two outer templates 4, and place the end of the connecting rod 5 into the corresponding limiting groove 18; the removed connecting rod 5 is then used to connect with the next inner template 3. 3.3 Repeat steps 3.1 and 3.2 to align the next section of the inner template 3 with the previous section and bolt them together until all sections of the inner template 3 are installed in place.

[0041] Concrete is then poured to form an integrated side panel 2 and bottom panel. In step four, the outer formwork 4 is removed and the inner formwork 3 is dismantled, allowing for reuse.

[0042] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 2 is that the flowchart is as follows: Figure 16 As shown: In step one, prepare as follows Figure 17 The template shown; In step three, the inner template 3 consists of two independent plates, eliminating the need for a first bottom mold 16 and a second bottom mold 17. A horizontal support rod 6 is bolted between the two inner templates 3. A gasket 9 is provided on the inner side of the inner template 3, in the same manner as in embodiment 1. The axis of the connecting rod 5 is higher than the axis of the support rod 6. The retaining ring 19 in embodiment 2 is removed from the upper end of the inner template 3, and a notch is replaced at the corresponding position to allow space for the connecting rod 5 and to create a certain limiting effect.

[0043] The two inner formwork templates 3 are inserted into the soil 14 from the inside of the two outer formwork templates 4, respectively, so that the inner formwork templates 3 and the corresponding outer formwork templates 4 form a pouring space for the side plates 2. The depth to which the outer formwork templates 4 are inserted into the soil 14 is greater than the depth to which the inner formwork templates 3 are inserted into the soil 14. Concrete is then poured between the outer formwork templates 4 and the inner formwork templates 3 to form the side plates 2 on both sides. The bottom of the inner formwork template 3 is also equipped with the same self-propelled soil-breaking head 7 as the outer formwork template 4. The inner formwork template 3 is equipped with the same pull ring as the outer formwork template 4.

[0044] In step four, both the outer template 4 and the inner template 3 are pulled out simultaneously to enable the templates to be reused.

[0045] The method also includes step five, which involves installing the prefabricated base plate between the two side plates 2 to complete the construction of the support-free prefabricated side ditch. The base plate in this embodiment is the same as that in Scheme 1.

[0046] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for installing a support-free assembled side ditch, characterized by, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Insert two self-advancing templates into the soil; Step 2: Excavate between the two self-advancing templates; Step 3: Pour the side slabs; Step 4: Remove the self-advancing template. The self-advancing template can be reused.

2. The installation method of the support-free assembled side ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-advancing formwork includes an outer formwork, and an inner formwork is provided inside the outer formwork. In step two, the soil between the inner and outer formwork is excavated; In step three, side panels are formed by pouring concrete between the inner and outer formwork. In step four, remove the inner and outer templates.

3. The installation method of the support-free prefabricated side ditch according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step one, a shim is provided on the side of the inner template near the outer template, and the lower end of the shim is higher than the designed height of the bottom of the side plate; In step three, a support step is formed at the point where the lower end of the gasket contacts the side plate; It also includes step five, placing the prefabricated base plate on the supporting steps.

4. The installation method of the support-free assembled side ditch according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the inner and outer templates are equipped with pull rings at their upper ends. In step four, the pull rings serve as the force points during demolding.

5. The installation method of a support-free prefabricated side ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the self-advancing template is the outer template, and the connecting rod is connected between the two outer templates; In step three, the inner template is placed between the two outer templates, and the side panels are poured between the outer and inner templates.

6. The installation method of the support-free assembled side ditch according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, the inner formwork includes a first bottom mold and two side molds. The lower sides of the two side molds are connected to both sides of the first bottom mold, and the upper ends of the two side molds are connected to the connecting rods. The side plates and bottom plates of the drainage ditch are integrally cast.

7. The installation method of the support-free assembled side ditch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper inner side of the outer template has several limiting grooves; the upper ends of the two side molds of the inner template are respectively provided with several buckles that align with the limiting grooves. In step three, the connecting rod passes through the corresponding buckle and supports its end in the corresponding limiting groove.

8. The installation method of the support-free assembled side ditch according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner template adopts a segmented design; In step two, after connecting the connecting rods to the two outer templates, there are still extra connecting rods; Step three, placing the inner template between the two outer templates, specifically includes the following steps: 3.

1. Pass the excess connecting rod through the buckle on a section of the inner template; 3.2 Remove the connecting rod at the corresponding position on the outer template, place the inner template section with the connecting rod through it between the two outer templates, and place the end of the connecting rod into the corresponding limiting groove. Use the removed connecting rod to connect with the next inner template section. 3.3 Repeat steps 3.1 and 3.2 to align and connect the next and previous segments of the inner template until all segments of the inner template are installed in place.

9. The installation method of the support-free assembled side ditch according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, two inner templates are inserted into the soil; in step four, the outer and inner templates are pulled out; and in step five, the prefabricated base plate is installed.

10. The installation method of the support-free assembled side ditch according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The lower end of the outer template is equipped with a self-advancing soil breaking head, which is used to break the soil. The self-advancing soil breaking head consists of several conical parts, and the lower end cross section of the conical parts is smaller than the upper end cross section.

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