An automated acquisition device and method for drilling logging parameters of a winchless drilling rig

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploration and development technology. It provides an automated data acquisition device for drilling parameters of winchless drilling rigs, comprising: a pulley A, rotatably mounted on the side of the drill rig head, for contacting and rotating with the steel cable used to lift the drill pipe; a pulley B, adjustablely mounted on the drill rig base or turret, for tensioning the steel cable; and an encoder coaxially connected to pulley A, for detecting the number of rotations or angular displacement of pulley A and outputting corresponding pulse signals. This invention provides a low-cost, easy-to-install, and reliable automated solution for the automated acquisition of drilling parameters from a large number of conventional winchless drilling rigs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas exploration and development technology, specifically relating to an automated acquisition device and method for drilling time logging parameters suitable for winch-less drilling rigs, especially suitable for traditional vertical shaft geological exploration drilling rigs such as XY-6 and XY-4. Background Technology

[0002] In the integrated logging process of oil and gas fields, drilling time logging is an important parameter reflecting formation characteristics and drilling operation status. Drilling time logging is the process of recording the time taken to drill a specified unit of footage using a timer, and is generally expressed in "minutes per meter".

[0003] Currently, on modern drilling platforms, integrated logging tools, gas logging tools, or other logging instruments are typically used to record well depth and drilling time.

[0004] In early geological exploration drilling rigs such as the XY-6 and XY-4, due to the use of vertical shaft drilling, drilling logging for these winch-less rigs currently relies mainly on manual observation and recording, which has the following significant drawbacks: 1. Low measurement accuracy: Manual reading and timing errors are large, and the well depth measurement error usually exceeds ±0.5 meters, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of fine geological evaluation.

[0005] 2. Poor real-time performance: It is impossible to achieve continuous and automatic acquisition and real-time monitoring of parameters, which affects the timeliness of engineering decisions.

[0006] 3. High labor intensity and insufficient continuity: It requires dedicated personnel to be on duty, and fatigue can easily lead to data omissions or errors, resulting in poor data quality.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost, easy-to-install, and reliable automated solution to automate the acquisition of drilling parameters for the vast number of traditional winchless drilling rigs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides an automated acquisition device and method for drilling logging parameters of a winchless drilling rig. Through innovative pulley transmission and sensing design, this solution can achieve high-precision and automated acquisition of parameters such as drilling depth and drilling speed without modifying the main structure of the drilling rig. It is particularly suitable for low-cost intelligent upgrades of traditional XY series drilling rigs.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the basic solution of the present invention provides an automated acquisition device for drilling logging parameters of a winchless drilling rig, comprising: A pulley, which is rotatably mounted on the side of the drill rig swivel, is used to contact the steel cable that lifts the drill rod and rotates with its movement; B pulley, which is adjustablely mounted on the drilling rig base or drilling tower, is used to tension the steel cable; An encoder, which is coaxially connected to pulley A, is used to detect the number of rotations or angular displacement of pulley A and output a corresponding pulse signal; A data processing system, electrically connected to the encoder, is used to receive the pulse signal and calculate the drilling depth based on the conversion coefficient.

[0010] In one possible design, the data processing system is used to calculate the drilling depth according to the formula H = N × K, where H is the drilling depth, N is the cumulative number of encoder pulses, and K is the depth conversion coefficient determined by calibration; or the data processing system calculates the drilling depth according to the formula H = N × C × π × D / n, where H is the drilling depth in meters, N is the cumulative number of encoder pulses, C is the encoder resolution, D is the diameter of pulley A in meters, and n is the transmission ratio.

[0011] In one possible design, the data processing system is also used to calculate the drilling speed according to the formula v = ΔH / Δt, where v is the drilling speed, ΔH is the depth change per unit time, and Δt is the unit time.

[0012] In one possible design, the encoder is an incremental photoelectric encoder with a resolution of 100 PPR to 5000 PPR.

[0013] In one possible design, a mounting bracket is also included, which is used to secure pulley A to the side of the drill rig swivel and ensure that the axis of pulley A is perpendicular to the running direction of the steel cable.

[0014] In one possible design, pulley A is made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel and has a diameter of 100mm to 300mm.

[0015] This invention also provides an automated method for acquiring drilling logging parameters during drilling without a winch, using the aforementioned device, and comprising the following steps: S1: Installation and calibration: Install pulley A on the side of the drill rig swivel and pulley B in the tensioned position, so that the steel cable is pressed between pulleys A and B; drive the drill rod to move a known length L, record the number of pulses N generated by the encoder, and calculate the depth conversion coefficient K = L / N; S2: Parameter acquisition. During drilling operations, the encoder acquires the pulse signals generated by the rotation of pulley A in real time. S3: Parameter calculation. The data processing system receives pulse signals and calculates the current drilling depth H in real time according to the formula H = N×K. It also calculates the drilling speed in real time based on the ratio of the depth change to the time change. S4: Data output and display, which displays, stores, or transmits the calculated drilling depth, drilling speed, and drilling time parameters.

[0016] In one possible design, step S3 also includes a temperature compensation step: the ambient temperature is collected by a temperature sensor, and the calculated drilling depth or conversion coefficient K is corrected according to a preset temperature-error relationship.

[0017] In one possible design, the calibration process in step S1 is as follows: lower the drill pipe to the bottom of the well and record the initial encoder value N0; then raise the drill pipe to the wellhead at a constant speed and record the final encoder value N1; calculate the system coefficient K = H0 / (N1 - N0) based on the well depth H0 and the pulse difference (N1 - N0).

[0018] The effect of this solution is: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. High-precision measurement: Using a high-resolution encoder and precision mechanical transmission, the well depth measurement accuracy can reach ±0.1 meters, far exceeding the accuracy of manual observation, and meeting the requirements of industry standards (such as SY / T5788-2024).

[0019] 2. True automation and real-time performance: It realizes the automatic acquisition and real-time display of drilling parameters throughout the entire process, with a high data update frequency (up to 10Hz or more), completely eliminating the dependence on manual labor.

[0020] 3. Extremely low modification cost: No need to modify the main structure of the drilling rig, only the pulley block and sensors need to be added. The modification cost is less than 20% of the cost of adding a complete winch system, making it extremely economical.

[0021] 4. Easy installation and strong adaptability: The device has a simple and modular structure. By adjusting the size of the bracket and pulley, it can be quickly adapted to various models of winchless drilling rigs such as XY-6 and XY-4.

[0022] 5. Stable and reliable operation: It adopts industrial-grade protection (such as IP65) components, which can adapt to the harsh temperature, humidity, dust and vibration environment of the drilling site and ensure long-term stable operation.

[0023] 6. Significantly improves operational efficiency and safety: Real-time and accurate data provides a reliable basis for optimizing drilling parameters, identifying formation changes, and providing early warnings of engineering anomalies (such as well leakage), which helps to improve mechanical drilling speed and operational safety. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the automated data acquisition device for drilling time logging parameters of a winchless drilling rig provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of pulley A, encoder, and bracket in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. These drawings are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these drawings, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0027] Explanation of key component symbols: The following is a table showing the names of the marked parts in the attached drawings: 1. Pulley A, 2. Pulley B, 3. Steel cable, 4. Water tap, 5. Encoder, 6. Data processing system, 7. Drill rod, 8. Signal conditioning circuit, 9. Data acquisition module, 10. Signal processing and control system, 11. Drill tower.

[0028] Example: Winchless drilling rigs include: The drilling rig base provides installation support for the entire drilling rig; The drilling tower is vertically mounted on the drilling rig base to provide support for the movement of the swivel. The faucet is slidably attached to the top of the drilling rig. The power system provides power for raising and lowering the faucet; The drill pipe is rotatably mounted on a faucet and is driven by the faucet to perform drilling.

[0029] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides an automated acquisition device for drilling logging parameters of a winchless drilling rig, comprising: A pulley, which is rotatably mounted on the side of the faucet, is used to contact the steel cable that lifts the drill rod and rotates with its movement; B pulley, which is adjustablely mounted on the drilling rig base or drilling tower, is used to tension the steel cable; The encoder, which is coaxially connected to pulley A, is used to detect the number of rotations or angular displacement of pulley A and output the corresponding pulse signal; A data processing system, electrically connected to the encoder, is used to receive the pulse signals and calculate the drilling depth based on the conversion coefficients. The data processing system includes a data acquisition module, a signal conditioning circuit, and a signal processing and control module. The data acquisition module is electrically connected to the encoder and is used to receive the pulse signals detected and emitted by the encoder. The signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and converts the pulse signals received by the data acquisition module into digital signals to adapt to the input requirements of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The signal processing and control module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and the signal conditioning circuit and is used to calculate the drilling depth based on the received signals and the conversion coefficients.

[0030] The data processing system is used to calculate the drilling depth according to the formula H = N × K, where H is the drilling depth, N is the cumulative number of encoder pulses, and K is the depth conversion coefficient determined by calibration; or the data processing system calculates the drilling depth according to the formula H = N × C × π × D / n, where H is the drilling depth in meters, N is the cumulative number of encoder pulses, C is the encoder resolution, D is the diameter of pulley A in meters, and n is the transmission ratio.

[0031] The data processing system is also used to calculate the drilling speed according to the formula v = ΔH / Δt, where v is the drilling speed, ΔH is the depth change per unit time, and Δt is the unit time.

[0032] The encoder is an incremental photoelectric encoder with a resolution of 100 PPR to 5000 PPR.

[0033] It also includes a mounting bracket, which is used to fix pulley A to the side of the drilling rig swivel and ensure that the axis of pulley A is perpendicular to the running direction of the steel cable.

[0034] Among them, pulley A is made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel, and its diameter is 100mm to 300mm.

[0035] This invention also provides an automated method for acquiring drilling logging parameters during drilling without a winch, using the aforementioned device, and comprising the following steps: S1: Installation and calibration: Install pulley A on the side of the drill rig swivel and pulley B in the tensioned position, so that the steel cable is pressed between pulleys A and B; drive the drill rod to move a known length L, record the number of pulses N generated by the encoder, and calculate the depth conversion coefficient K = L / N; S2: Parameter acquisition. During drilling operations, the encoder acquires the pulse signals generated by the rotation of pulley A in real time. S3: Parameter calculation. The data processing system receives pulse signals and calculates the current drilling depth H in real time according to the formula H = N×K. It also calculates the drilling speed in real time based on the ratio of the depth change to the time change. S4: Data output and display, which displays, stores, or transmits the calculated drilling depth, drilling speed, and drilling time parameters.

[0036] In step S3, a temperature compensation step is also included: the ambient temperature is collected by a temperature sensor, and the calculated drilling depth or conversion coefficient K is corrected according to the preset temperature-error relationship. Existing logging software is required. The path software contains winch parameters such as wire rope diameter, number of wire rope strands, initial number of layers, initial number of turns, and drum diameter, which can all be used for correction.

[0037] The calibration process in step S1 is as follows: lower the drill pipe to the bottom of the well and record the initial encoder value N0; then raise the drill pipe to the wellhead at a constant speed and record the final encoder value N1; calculate the system coefficient K = H0 / (N1 - N0) based on the well depth H0 and the pulse difference (N1 - N0).

[0038] Verification example: Example 2: XY-6 drilling rig modification scheme The only difference from Example 1 is: (1) Equipment configuration Considering the structural characteristics of the XY-6 drilling rig, the following configuration is adopted in this embodiment: A pulley: 200mm in diameter, made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, 50mm thick; Pulley B: 150mm in diameter, made of the same material, 40mm thick; Encoder: Incremental photoelectric encoder, resolution 1024PPR, model E6B2-CWZ6C; Steel cable: 6×19S structure, 24mm diameter, EIPS strength rating; Mounting bracket: Welded from Q235 steel, with anti-corrosion paint sprayed on the surface.

[0039] (2) Installation steps A bracket is welded and installed on the side of the swivel of the XY-6 drilling rig, with the bracket 150mm away from the axis of the swivel.

[0040] Mount pulley A on the bracket via a bearing, ensuring that the pulley is perpendicular to the steel cable with a deviation of no more than 2°.

[0041] An adjustment bracket for pulley B is installed on the drilling rig base. The position of pulley B is adjusted by a screw mechanism to keep the tension of the steel cable at 5-8 kN.

[0042] The encoder is connected to pulley A via a flexible coupling, and the radial runout of the coupling does not exceed 0.05 mm.

[0043] When installing signal cables, use shielded cables, protect them in conduits, and avoid laying them in parallel with power cables.

[0044] (3) System calibration Calibration method: Set a standard scale on the drilling rig tower, from 0 meters to 300 meters, with a mark every 10 meters.

[0045] Calibration process: Lower the drill pipe to the bottom of the well and record the initial encoder value; then raise the drill pipe to the wellhead at a constant speed and record the final encoder value; calculate the system coefficient based on the lifting height and the number of encoder pulses.

[0046] Calibration results: After three calibrations, the average system coefficient was 0.0003125 m / pulse, and the standard deviation was 0.000005 m / pulse.

[0047] (4) On-site test results A 30-day test was conducted at a coalbed methane drilling site. The main test data are as follows: Example 3: XY-4 Drilling Rig Modification Scheme The only difference from Example 2 is that: (1) Equipment configuration In view of the miniaturized features of the XY-4 drilling rig, the following configuration is adopted in this embodiment: A pulley: 150mm in diameter, made of 7075-T6 aviation aluminum alloy; Pulley B: 120mm in diameter, made of the same material; Encoder: 2048 PPR resolution, IP67 protection rating; Steel cable: 6×19 structure, 20mm in diameter; Installation method: It adopts clamp installation, which does not require welding.

[0048] (2) Technological Innovation Points This embodiment has the following improvements compared to Embodiment 2: Rapid installation design: The bracket adopts a clamp-type mounting bracket, which is fixed to the drilling rig structure with U-bolts, reducing the installation time from 8 hours to 2 hours.

[0049] Intelligent calibration function: The system has an automatic calibration function. By detecting the movement of the drill rod within a fixed length, it automatically calculates the system coefficients, reducing manual intervention.

[0050] Wireless data transmission: The WiFi module is used to realize wireless data transmission, avoiding the complexity of cable laying and improving the flexibility of the system.

[0051] (3) Performance testing Tests were conducted at a geological exploration site in a mountainous area at an altitude of 2000 meters, characterized by large diurnal temperature variations and frequent winds reaching force 6. The test results indicate that: 1) The system can work stably in an environment with a wind speed of 15m / s, and the measurement error does not exceed ±0.12 meters.

[0052] 2) The impact of temperature change on system accuracy is less than 0.05% / ℃, which can be further reduced through temperature compensation algorithms.

[0053] 3) The wireless transmission distance reaches 100 meters, and stable communication can still be maintained even in the presence of obstacles.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant technical advantages: 1) Measurement accuracy has been greatly improved By employing a high-precision incremental encoder of 2048PPR and a precision mechanical transmission system, this invention achieves a drilling depth measurement accuracy of ±0.1 meters, far superior to the ±0.5-meter accuracy of traditional manual observation (79). This level of accuracy fully meets the requirement in SY / T5788-2024 "Specification for Geological Logging of Oil and Gas Wells" that "after drilling each single section, the error between the well depth measured by the logging instrument and the well depth measured by the drill pipe should not exceed 0.2m".

[0055] 2) Fast response speed The system can acquire drilling parameters in real time, with a data update frequency of over 10Hz, enabling real-time monitoring of drilling logging parameters. Compared to the minute-level update frequency of manual observation, the response speed of this invention is improved by more than 60 times.

[0056] 3) High system stability Employing industrial-grade sensors and control equipment, the system can operate stably within an ambient temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃. The encoder boasts an IP65 protection rating, effectively resisting harsh environments such as dust and mud encountered at drilling sites. Field testing has shown the system can operate continuously for over 1000 hours without failure.

[0057] 4) Highly adaptable The device of this invention has a simple structure, is easy to install, and can be adapted to various models of traditional drilling rigs such as XY-6 and XY-4. By adjusting the pulley size and installation method, it can be adapted to different specifications of steel cables and drilling rig structures.

[0058] (2) Economic benefits 1) Low renovation cost Compared to the cost of retrofitting a traditional drilling rig with a complete winch system (which typically costs hundreds of thousands of yuan), the retrofit cost of this invention is only 50,000 to 100,000 yuan, reducing the cost by 70% to 80%. This is mainly due to the use of self-made pulleys and mature universal sensors, avoiding expensive specialized equipment.

[0059] 2) Reduced operating costs The system automates drilling logging, reducing the need for 2-3 operators. Based on the average wage of oilfield workers, this can save 200,000-300,000 yuan in labor costs annually.

[0060] 3) Improve work efficiency Real-time drilling logging data provides timely technical support for drilling operations, helping to optimize drilling parameters and improve mechanical drilling speed. According to field application data, the average mechanical drilling speed increased by 15%-20% after adopting this invention.

[0061] (3) Social benefits 1) Improve exploration quality Precise drilling logging data helps to accurately determine formation interfaces, improve the accuracy of lithology identification, and provide reliable data support for oil and gas resource evaluation.

[0062] 2) Ensure operational safety Real-time monitoring of drilling parameters can promptly detect abnormalities such as well leakage and well kick, providing early warnings for safe operations and reducing the probability of drilling accidents.

[0063] 3) Promote technological progress This invention provides a feasible technical solution for the intelligent transformation of traditional drilling rigs, which helps to promote technological progress and industrial upgrading across the entire industry.

[0064] (4) Comparative effect analysis To more intuitively demonstrate the advantages of this invention, the following is illustrated using a comparative table: It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A winch-free rig drilling time well logging parameter automatic acquisition device, characterized in that, include: A pulley, which is rotatably mounted on the side of the drill rig swivel, is used to contact the steel cable that lifts the drill rod and rotates with its movement; B pulley, which is adjustablely mounted on the drilling rig base or drilling tower, is used to tension the steel cable; An encoder, which is coaxially connected to pulley A, is used to detect the number of rotations or angular displacement of pulley A and output a corresponding pulse signal; A data processing system, electrically connected to the encoder, is used to receive the pulse signal and calculate the drilling depth based on the conversion coefficient.

2. The winch-free rig drilling time logging parameter automatic acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing system is used to calculate the drilling depth according to the formula H = N × K, where H is the drilling depth, N is the cumulative number of encoder pulses, and K is the depth conversion coefficient determined by calibration; or the data processing system calculates the drilling depth according to the formula H = N × C × π × D / n, where H is the drilling depth in meters, N is the cumulative number of encoder pulses, C is the encoder resolution, D is the diameter of pulley A in meters, and n is the transmission ratio.

3. The winch-free rig drilling time and logging parameter automatic acquisition device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The data processing system is also used to calculate the drilling speed according to the formula v = ΔH / Δt, where v is the drilling speed, ΔH is the depth change per unit time, and Δt is the unit time.

4. The winch-free rig drilling time logging parameter automatic acquisition device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The encoder (5) is an incremental photoelectric encoder with a resolution of 100 PPR to 5000 PPR.

5. The rig-less driller's log parameter automatic acquisition device according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that, It also includes a mounting bracket, which is used to fix pulley A to the side of the drilling rig swivel and ensure that the axis of pulley A is perpendicular to the running direction of the steel cable.

6. The winch-free rig drilling time logging parameter automatic acquisition device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The A pulley is made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel.

7. The winch-free rig drilling time logging parameter automatic acquisition device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The diameter of pulley A is between 100mm and 300mm.

8. A method for automatic acquisition of drilling time logging parameters for a rig without winch, using the device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Installation and calibration: Install pulley A on the side of the drill rig swivel and pulley B in the tensioned position, so that the steel cable is pressed between pulleys A and B; drive the drill rod to move a known length L, record the number of pulses N generated by the encoder, and calculate the depth conversion coefficient K=L / N; S2: Parameter acquisition. During drilling operations, the encoder acquires the pulse signals generated by the rotation of pulley A in real time. S3: Parameter calculation. The data processing system receives pulse signals and calculates the current drilling depth H in real time according to the formula H = N × K. It also calculates the drilling speed in real time based on the ratio of the depth change to the time change. S4: Data output and display, which displays, stores, or transmits the calculated drilling depth, drilling speed, and drilling time parameters.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, Step S3 also includes a temperature compensation step: the ambient temperature is collected by a temperature sensor, and the calculated drilling depth or conversion coefficient K is corrected according to a preset temperature-error relationship.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The calibration process in step S1 is as follows: lower the drill pipe to the bottom of the well and record the initial encoder value N0; then raise the drill pipe to the wellhead at a constant speed and record the final encoder value N1; calculate the system coefficient K = H0 / (N1 - N0) based on the well depth H0 and the pulse difference (N1 - N0).

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