A rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure and its operation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure and its operation method, belonging to the field of tunnel engineering support technology. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure includes an anchor body and an operating body. The anchor body includes a hollow anchor shell with a rotating cutterhead on its outer side. A grouting pipe is inserted through the interior of the anchor shell, and a pad is provided at the end of the anchor shell. The operating body includes a crank handle mounted on the pad, a rotating shaft with a sliding gear threadedly connected to a threaded track. A rotating cutterhead gear, coaxial with the rotating cutterhead, is located inside the anchor shell. This invention integrates self-drilling, hole wall trimming, simultaneous grouting, and non-destructive recycling, improving material utilization, reducing temporary or removable engineering costs, and embodying the concept of green construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering support technology, specifically to a rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] In geotechnical engineering fields such as tunnels, roadways, slopes, foundation pits, and underground engineering excavation, rock bolt support, as an active and efficient geotechnical reinforcement technology, has been widely used for a long time. Its basic principle is to implant rod-shaped components into the geotechnical mass, providing tensile and shear constraints to enhance the integrity and bearing capacity of the geotechnical mass, thereby maintaining the overall stability and structural safety of the surrounding rock or slope. Among various types of rock bolts, hollow grouted rock bolts have become one of the commonly used support methods due to their ability to achieve full-length bonding, relatively uniform anchoring force distribution, and good durability.

[0003] However, traditional hollow grouting anchors still suffer from inherent and long-standing systemic problems in construction and application. Their construction typically relies on a fragmented and cumbersome process: first, external drilling equipment is needed to drill anchor holes at the designed location, meeting the required diameter and depth; then, the holes are cleaned to remove drill cuttings; next, the anchor body is inserted into the hole; then, high-pressure or atmospheric-pressure grouting is performed through the hollow channels of the anchor body, filling the annular gap between the anchor body and the hole wall; after the grout solidifies and reaches a certain strength, finally, the pad and nut are installed, and pre-tensioning is performed. This multi-step process not only leads to complex construction organization and limited efficiency, but also further restricts its applicability in situations with confined working spaces and limited equipment access.

[0004] More importantly, existing technologies still face two prominent technical bottlenecks: First, the quality of anchoring is highly sensitive to the drilling process. The hole walls formed by impact or rotary drilling are often rough and uneven, making it difficult for the anchor body to fit tightly against the hole wall. The subsequently injected grout is also difficult to form a uniform, continuous and dense coating layer, thereby reducing the reliability and long-term durability of the anchoring force.

[0005] Secondly, most existing hollow grouting anchors are designed as permanent support structures. After the grout solidifies, it firmly bonds the anchor to the soil and rock mass, providing long-term anchoring force. However, in engineering scenarios with frequent temporary support projects, subsequent expansion or maintenance needs, and in the context of green construction where resource conservation and recycling are increasingly emphasized, this characteristic has become a constraint. It is difficult to achieve complete and undamaged recycling of the anchors after installation, easily leading to material waste and increased costs. Furthermore, components remaining in the soil and rock mass may interfere with subsequent underground space development, which is incompatible with the concept of sustainable development.

[0006] Therefore, existing technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as cumbersome construction procedures, the impact of hole quality on anchoring effect, and the difficulty in recycling and reusing anchor rods. This invention provides a rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor rod support structure. This structure can autonomously rotate and cut holes, and simultaneously complete grouting and anchoring. After the support is completed, the entire structure or key components can be recycled without damage, significantly improving construction efficiency and engineering economy.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure, which includes an anchor body and an operating body. The anchor bolt body includes a hollow anchor bolt shell, a rotating cutterhead is provided on the outer side of the anchor bolt shell, a grouting pipe is provided through the interior of the anchor bolt shell, and a pad is provided at the end of the anchor bolt shell. The operating body includes a crank handle mounted on the pad, the crank handle having a rotating shaft, and a sliding gear being provided on the portion of the rotating shaft extending through the pad and into the anchor bolt body housing. The sliding gear is threadedly connected to a threaded track, and the threaded track and the sliding gear form a lead screw and nut pair. Inside the anchor bolt body housing is a rotating cutterhead gear coaxial with the rotating cutterhead, and the rotating cutterhead gear is drively connected to the sliding gear. The crank handle drives the sliding gear to rotate, causing the sliding gear to move linearly along the threaded track. This, in turn, drives the rotating cutter head gear and the rotating cutter head to rotate via a transmission connection, thus achieving overall forward propulsion.

[0009] Furthermore, in this invention, a second grouting pipe is also provided through the interior of the aforementioned anchor bolt body shell.

[0010] Furthermore, in this invention, the second grouting pipe is arranged symmetrically with the first grouting pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, in this invention, the outlets of the first grouting pipe and the second grouting pipe are located at the top of the outer shell of the anchor bolt body, and the pipe wall of the outer shell of the anchor bolt body is provided with grout inlet and outlet holes that communicate with the internal cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, in this invention, the outer circumferential edge of the aforementioned rotating cutter head is provided with a plurality of cutting teeth.

[0013] Furthermore, in this invention, the meshing tooth surfaces of the sliding gear and the threaded track are both subjected to carburizing and quenching treatment.

[0014] Furthermore, in this invention, the rotating cutter head described above is provided with radial reinforcing ribs integrally cast thereon.

[0015] Furthermore, in this invention, the first grouting pipe and the second grouting pipe are configured as engineering plastic pipes or metal hoses, and the connection joint between the first grouting pipe and the second grouting pipe is sealed with an O-ring.

[0016] Furthermore, in this invention, the outer shell of the anchor bolt body and the pad plate are made of high-strength fiberglass composite material.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention also provides an operating method, which includes the aforementioned rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention utilizes a crank handle to drive a sliding gear and a threaded track to form a screw-nut pair, which in turn drives a rotating cutter head to cut, enabling autonomous hole forming and synchronous advancement of the anchor bolt. This integrated construction method significantly simplifies the process and greatly improves adaptability to construction in confined spaces. After support is completed, the crank handle can be reversed to allow the rotating cutter head to be withdrawn, enabling the anchor bolt or its core components to be recovered without damage. This avoids material waste and underground obstacles, meeting the requirements of green construction and sustainable development.

[0019] This invention employs a built-in manual mechanical transmission mechanism. The operator only needs to rotate a crank handle to drive the sliding gear. Under the constraint of a fixed threaded track, the rotational motion of the sliding gear is converted into axial linear propulsion, which drives the rotating cutter head gear and rotating cutter head through its outer surface transmission teeth, achieving rotary cutting of the soil and rock. Simultaneously, the axial movement of the sliding gear provides continuous propulsion force to the anchor bolt body, thus achieving self-drilling and reducing reliance on external automated drilling equipment, making it particularly suitable for construction in confined spaces. The relatively regular hole wall formed by the rotating cutter head provides a good interface for grouting. After drilling, high-pressure grouting is performed through the grouting inlet on the pad. The grout is transported through the left and right sections of the internal grouting pipes one and two, and finally discharged from the grout outlet at the tail of the anchor bolt, filling the borehole from back to front, improving the density of the grout coating and the reliability of the anchoring. When dismantling is required, rotating the crank handle counterclockwise drives the internal mechanism to move in the opposite direction, allowing the core components of the anchor bolt to be smoothly rotated out of the solidified grout and recovered, achieving material recycling, reducing the cost of temporary or removable projects, and embodying the concept of green construction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is an internal schematic diagram of the rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating cutter head of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary cutter head gear and rotary cutter head of the present invention.

[0021] The attached diagram shows the following components and their corresponding names: 1-handle, 2-pad, 3-sliding gear, 4-grouting pipe one, 5-rotating cutterhead, 6-anchor bolt housing, 7-threaded track, 8-grouting pipe two, 9-rotating cutterhead gear. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for explanation only and are not intended to limit the invention. The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances. Example

[0024] This embodiment 1 provides a rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, it includes an anchor bolt body shell 6, a pad 2, a rotating cutterhead 5, a rotating cutterhead gear 9, a crank handle 1, a sliding gear 3, a threaded track 7, a grouting pipe 1 4, and a grouting pipe 2 8.

[0025] Combination Figure 1As shown, the pad 2 is installed at the tail end of the anchor bolt body shell 6; the rotating cutterhead 5 is rotatably mounted on the side of the anchor bolt body shell 6 via bearings; the rotating cutterhead gear 9 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating cutterhead 5; the shaft of the crank handle 1 passes through the pad 2 and is drivenly connected to the sliding gear 3; the threaded track 7 is fixedly installed inside the anchor bolt body shell 6; the sliding gear 3 is fitted onto the threaded track 7 and forms a screw-nut pair with it; the grouting pipe 1 4 and the grouting pipe 2 8 are connected inside the anchor bolt body shell 6, thereby forming a complete grouting channel.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the pad 2 is a rectangular thick plate. The shaft of the crank handle 1 is installed in the central through hole of the pad 2 via a rolling bearing and can rotate freely relative to the pad 2. The sliding gear 3 is fixed to the inner end of the threaded track 7 of the crank handle 1 shaft via a gear connection. The threaded track 7 is arranged parallel to the axis of the anchor bolt housing 6, and its tail end is installed on the inner side of the pad 2 via a fixing block. There are 9 pairs of rotating cutterheads 5, which are evenly distributed on the left and right sides of the anchor bolt housing 6. The inlet ends of the grouting pipe 1 4 and the grouting pipe 2 8 are connected to the grouting inlet opened on the pad 2.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the disc body of the rotary cutter head 5 is made of alloy steel casting, and multiple carbide cutting teeth are uniformly welded to its outer circumference. The rotary cutter head gear 9 is bolted to the inner side of the hub of the rotary cutter head 5, and the torque is transmitted between the two through a flat key to ensure synchronous rotation.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the sliding gear 3 is a composite structure with a precision internal threaded hole machined in its center. The internal thread matches the external thread of the threaded track 7, forming a sliding lead screw pair. The cylindrical outer surface of the sliding gear 3 is machined with straight teeth to form a transmission tooth section. This transmission tooth section directly meshes with the teeth of the rotating cutter head gear 9, forming a gear transmission pair. When the sliding gear 3 rotates under the drive of the crank handle 1, since the threaded track 7 is fixed, the sliding gear 3 will produce a linear displacement along the axis of the threaded track 7; at the same time, the transmission tooth section on the outer surface of the sliding gear 3 drives the rotating cutter head gear 9 and the rotating cutter head 5 to rotate through meshing with the rotating cutter head gear 9.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, this illustrates the spatial layout and meshing relationships of the internal core components. (Reference) Figure 3 The sliding gear 3 is located at the center, and its outer straight-tooth transmission teeth are engaged with the rotating cutterhead gear 9 located to its side and front. The threaded track 7 passes through the central threaded hole of the sliding gear 3 and is fixed by the support structures at both ends. The grouting pipe 1 4 and grouting pipe 2 8 are arranged in the left and right spaces inside the anchor bolt body shell 6, and do not interfere with the transmission components. This structure has a compact layout, a direct transmission path, and high power transmission efficiency.

[0030] like Figure 4 As shown, the rotating cutter head 5 and the rotating cutter head gear 9 are coaxially nested meshing structures. The internal gear ring of the rotating cutter head gear 9 meshes with the external teeth of the sliding gear 3 to form a gear transmission pair; the outer end face of the rotating cutter head gear 9 is connected to the disc body of the rotating cutter head 5 by a key or integrally cast to achieve torque transmission.

[0031] from Figure 4 As can be seen, the cutting teeth of the rotating cutter head 5 are arranged radially on the disc body, and the central area of ​​the disc body is a hub structure. The inner hole of the hub is interference-fitted with the outer circular surface of the rotating cutter head gear 9 or connected by fasteners. When the sliding gear 3 moves and rotates along the threaded track 7, it drives the rotating cutter head gear 9 and the rotating cutter head 5 to rotate synchronously through meshing, so as to realize the function of cutting and breaking rocks.

[0032] It should be noted that the connection interface between the disc body of the rotary cutter head 5 and the rotary cutter head gear 9 is machined with high precision to ensure coaxiality and smooth transmission; the cutting teeth of the rotary cutter head 5 are made of cemented carbide material inlaid to improve wear resistance and cutting efficiency.

[0033] It should be noted that the meshing surfaces of the internal teeth of the rotary cutter head gear 9 and the external teeth of the sliding gear 3 are both subjected to surface carburizing and quenching treatment to improve contact strength and fatigue resistance, and to adapt to long-term, high-load drilling conditions.

[0034] It should be noted that the coaxiality tolerance of the rotary cutterhead 5 and the rotary cutterhead gear 9 must be strictly controlled within the design range to avoid off-center load, vibration and noise during transmission, and to improve the reliability and service life of the overall drilling system.

[0035] It should be noted that the threaded pair formed by the sliding gear 3 and the threaded track 7, as well as the gear pair formed by the sliding gear 3 and the rotating cutter head gear 9, have their meshing tooth surfaces treated with surface carburizing and quenching to improve surface hardness and wear resistance, thereby adapting to long-term, high-load working conditions and ensuring transmission accuracy and reliability.

[0036] It should be noted that the main load-bearing structure of the anchor bolt body shell 6 and the pad plate 2 is made of high-strength fiberglass composite material through a winding process. It has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and good insulation, and is suitable for underground engineering environments that are humid, water-rich or chemically corrosive.

[0037] It should be noted that grouting pipe 4 and grouting pipe 8 can be made of pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant engineering plastic pipes or metal hoses, and their connection joints are sealed with O-rings to ensure that no leakage occurs during high-pressure grouting.

[0038] In addition, the crank handle 1 can be configured as a detachable structure, which can be removed after drilling and grouting are completed to facilitate subsequent construction operations; it can also be reinstalled and used when recycling is required. Example

[0039] This embodiment provides an operation method that uses the rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure in Embodiment 1.

[0040] During construction, the head of the rotary cutting and grouting anchor support structure is vertically aligned and pressed against the surface of the soil and rock. The operator rotates the crank handle 1, and the rotational torque generated by the crank handle 1 is transmitted to the sliding gear 3 through its shaft, driving the sliding gear 3 to rotate clockwise. Since the threaded track 7 is rigidly fixed inside the anchor body shell 6, the rotational motion of the sliding gear 3 is converted into linear propulsion along the axis of the threaded track 7 towards the front end of the anchor by the cooperation of its internal thread and the fixed threaded track 7. During the propulsion process, the sliding gear 3 continuously meshes with the rotating cutter head gear 9 through its outer cylindrical transmission teeth, thereby driving the rotating cutter head gear 9 to rotate, and driving the rotating cutter head 5, which is fixed coaxially with it, to rotate. The high-speed rotating cutter head 5 uses the outer edge hard alloy cutting teeth to continuously cut and crush the soil and rock at the contact surface; at the same time, the axial force generated by the linear propulsion of the sliding gear 3 is transmitted to the anchor body shell 6 through the structure, providing continuous propulsion force for the anchor body. Under the combined action of rotary cutting and axial propulsion, the anchor bolt body continues to drill into the strata until it reaches the designed depth, thereby forming a relatively regular borehole obtained by the rotary cutter head 5, and completing the autonomous hole-forming operation.

[0041] After drilling is completed, stop rotating the crank handle 1. High-pressure pumping of grout is performed using external grouting equipment connected to the grouting inlet of the pad 2. The grout flows sequentially through the grouting inlet of the pad 2, the left section 4 and right section 8 of the grouting pipe inside the anchor body shell 6, and finally exits from the grout outlet on the tail side wall of the anchor body shell 6. Because the outlet is located at the tail, under grouting pressure, the grout gradually fills and permeates along the annular gap between the outer wall of the anchor body shell 6 and the borehole wall, from the tail end of the borehole to the front end. This reverse filling process facilitates the removal of air and groundwater from the annular space, thereby improving the compactness and continuity of the grouting. After the grout fully fills the annular space and permeates the surrounding rock and soil, it is left to cure and solidify, forming a high-strength cylindrical cement stone anchor body. This anchor body tightly wraps around the anchor body shell 6 and provides anchoring force through mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding. The pad 2 presses against the rock surface, thus completing the final installation.

[0042] When the support work is completed and dismantling is required, a recovery operation can be performed. The operator rotates the crank handle 1 counterclockwise, and the reverse torque drives the sliding gear 3 to rotate counterclockwise. Under the constraint of the fixed threaded track 7, the rotational motion of the sliding gear 3 is converted into a linear retraction along the tail end of the anchor bolt. During the retraction process, the sliding gear 3 drives the rotating cutter head gear 9 and the rotating cutter head 5 to rotate counterclockwise through its transmission teeth. At this time, the cutting teeth of the rotating cutter head 5 come into contact with the solidified cement stone anchor body. Under the combined action of continuous counterclockwise rotation and the axial pull-out force generated by the retraction of the sliding gear 3, the anchor bolt body shell 6 and its internal mechanical parts can be smoothly and completely unscrewed from the anchor body and recovered, as if unscrewing in reverse. After recovery, the anchor body is left in the hole to maintain the stability of the hole wall, while the removed core mechanical parts can be reused after maintenance, realizing material recycling. This invention, through structural integration and transmission innovation, achieves integrated functions of autonomous hole drilling, synchronous grouting, efficient anchoring, and non-destructive recycling. It solves the pain points of traditional hollow grouting anchors, such as cumbersome construction, unstable anchoring quality, and non-recyclability. It is applicable to various temporary and permanent support scenarios in geotechnical engineering, including tunnels, roadways, slopes, and foundation pits, and possesses significant technical advantages and engineering application value. Furthermore, the invention features a reasonable structural design, simple manufacturing, and convenient installation and operation, allowing for mass production and large-scale application. It effectively improves the construction efficiency of geotechnical support engineering, reduces costs, and minimizes resource waste, meeting the requirements of green construction and sustainable development. It has broad industrial applicability and market prospects in the field of geotechnical engineering support.

[0043] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure, characterized in that, Includes the anchor bolt body and the operating body. The anchor body includes a hollow anchor body shell (6), a rotating cutterhead (5) is provided on the outside of the anchor body shell (6), a grouting pipe (4) is provided through the inside of the anchor body shell (6), and a pad (2) is provided at the end of the anchor body shell (6). The operating body includes a crank handle (1) mounted on the pad (2). The crank handle (1) is provided with a rotating shaft. The part of the rotating shaft that passes through the pad (2) and extends into the interior of the anchor bolt body shell (6) is provided with a sliding gear (3). The sliding gear (3) is threadedly connected to a threaded track (7). The threaded track (7) and the sliding gear (3) form a screw-nut pair. The interior of the anchor bolt body shell (6) is provided with a rotating cutter disc gear (9) coaxial with the rotating cutter disc (5). The rotating cutter disc gear (9) is drivenly connected to the sliding gear (3). The crank (1) is operated to drive the sliding gear (3) to rotate, so that the sliding gear (3) moves linearly along the threaded track (7), and then drives the rotating cutter head gear (9) and the rotating cutter head (5) to rotate through the transmission connection, so as to achieve the overall forward propulsion.

2. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor body shell (6) is also provided with a grouting pipe (8) running through it.

3. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second grouting pipe (8) is arranged symmetrically with the first grouting pipe (4).

4. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outlets of the first grouting pipe (4) and the second grouting pipe (8) are located at the top of the outer shell of the anchor rod body (6), and the pipe wall of the outer shell of the anchor rod body (6) is provided with grout inlet and outlet holes that communicate with the internal cavity.

5. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer circumference of the rotating cutter head (5) is provided with multiple cutting teeth.

6. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The meshing tooth surfaces of the sliding gear (3) and the threaded track (7) are both subjected to carburizing and quenching treatment.

7. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating cutter head (5) is provided with radial reinforcing ribs integrally cast thereon.

8. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first grouting pipe (4) and the second grouting pipe (8) are configured as engineering plastic pipes or metal hoses, and the joint between the first grouting pipe (4) and the second grouting pipe (8) is sealed with an O-ring.

9. The rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor body shell (6) and the pad (2) are made of high-strength fiberglass composite material.

10. An operating method, characterized in that, Includes the rotary cutting and recycling grouting anchor support structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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