Tunnel comprehensive waterproof and drainage system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology and provides a comprehensive tunnel drainage and waterproofing system, comprising: a waterproof layer laid between the initial support and secondary lining of the tunnel; blind pipes installed between the waterproof layer and the initial support; the blind pipes include circumferential blind pipes and longitudinal blind pipes; the circumferential blind pipes are arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, and multiple circumferential blind pipes are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; the longitudinal blind pipes are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; waterstops include circumferential waterstops and longitudinal waterstops; the circumferential waterstops are laid on the circumferential structural joints of the secondary lining, and the longitudinal waterstops are laid on the longitudinal structural joints of the secondary lining; and a drainage ditch located below the inner track surface of the tunnel and extending longitudinally along the tunnel, with the outlets of both the circumferential and longitudinal blind pipes connected to the drainage ditch. This configuration constitutes a comprehensive drainage and waterproofing system integrating barrier and drainage, effectively solving the problems of water accumulation and leakage caused by a single waterproofing system, and ensuring the service life and structural stability of the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a comprehensive tunnel drainage and waterproofing system. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous improvement of transportation infrastructure, tunnel engineering plays an increasingly important role in modern transportation networks. As an important transportation hub connecting different regions, the safety and durability of tunnel structures are directly related to the normal operation of the entire transportation system.

[0003] During operation, tunnels are often exposed to erosion from groundwater, rainwater, and other water sources. Long-term water seepage and erosion can damage the concrete structure of the tunnel, affecting its service life and operational stability. Therefore, effective waterproofing measures are crucial for ensuring the safety and long-term stable operation of tunnels.

[0004] Traditional waterproofing relies heavily on water barriers composed of rubber waterstops, asphalt membranes, and cement-based coatings. While these structures have proven effective in meeting basic tunnel waterproofing requirements, in practice, the design and implementation of tunnel waterproofing systems have long suffered from systemic deficiencies, technological uniformity, and functional gaps. This has led to frequent water accumulation and leakage problems, seriously threatening the structural safety of tunnels.

[0005] Therefore, how to further improve the waterproof performance of tunnels and ensure the safe operation of transportation systems has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a comprehensive tunnel waterproofing and drainage system to address the shortcomings of existing waterproofing systems, such as insufficient systemicity, limited technology, and lack of functionality, which can easily lead to water accumulation, leakage, and other hidden dangers. This system can further improve the waterproofing performance of tunnels and ensure their service life and structural stability.

[0007] This invention provides a comprehensive tunnel drainage and waterproofing system, comprising: A waterproof layer is laid between the initial support and the secondary lining of the tunnel. Blind pipes are installed between the waterproof layer and the initial support; the blind pipes include circumferential blind pipes and longitudinal blind pipes; the circumferential blind pipes are arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, and multiple circumferential blind pipes are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; the longitudinal blind pipes are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The waterstop includes a circumferential waterstop and a longitudinal waterstop; the circumferential waterstop is laid on the circumferential structural joint of the secondary lining, and the longitudinal waterstop is laid on the longitudinal structural joint of the secondary lining. A drainage ditch is provided below the inner track surface of the tunnel and extends longitudinally along the tunnel. The outlet ends of both the circumferential blind pipe and the longitudinal blind pipe are connected to the drainage ditch.

[0008] The end of the circumferential blind pipe is connected to a first elbow joint, which bends towards the drainage ditch and communicates with it; and / or, According to the present invention, a tunnel integrated drainage system is provided, wherein the end of the longitudinal blind pipe is connected to a second bend joint, the second bend joint bends toward the drainage ditch and communicates with the drainage ditch.

[0009] According to the present invention, a tunnel integrated drainage system is provided, wherein the blind pipe is connected to the initial support through multiple connecting components arranged along its own length direction; The connection component includes: A narrow strip of waterproof membrane is wrapped around the blind pipe on the other side opposite to the initial support, and its two ends along the radial direction of the blind pipe are in contact with the initial support; Anchors are used to anchor both ends of the narrow strip waterproof membrane to the initial support.

[0010] According to the integrated tunnel drainage and waterproofing system provided by the present invention, the circumferential waterstop is classified according to its arrangement position as follows: The circumferential waterstop of the arch wall is laid on the circumferential structural joint of the arch wall; The circumferential waterstop strip of the invert arch is laid on the circumferential structural joint of the invert arch; The circumferential waterstop of the arch wall, the circumferential waterstop of the invert arch, and the longitudinal waterstop, which are located at the same level, are connected as a whole by joints.

[0011] According to the present invention, a tunnel integrated waterproofing and drainage system is provided, wherein the joint includes a T-shaped joint; At the misalignment between the circumferential structural joint of the arch wall and the circumferential structural joint of the inverted arch, the circumferential waterstop of the arch wall, the circumferential waterstop of the inverted arch, and the longitudinal waterstop are connected by the T-shaped joint.

[0012] According to the present invention, a tunnel integrated waterproofing and drainage system is provided, wherein the joint includes a cross-shaped joint; At the locations corresponding to the circumferential structural joint of the arch wall and the circumferential structural joint of the inverted arch, the circumferential waterstop of the arch wall, the circumferential waterstop of the inverted arch, and the longitudinal waterstop are connected by the cross-shaped joint.

[0013] According to the present invention, a tunnel integrated waterproofing and drainage system is provided, wherein the waterstop includes a back-adhesive waterstop, and the back-adhesive waterstop is located between the waterproof layer and the secondary lining; The back-adhesive waterstop includes: The first strip includes a first surface and a second surface along the thickness direction, the first surface being adapted to cooperate with the secondary lining; A first self-adhesive layer is disposed on the first surface; A deformation hole is provided in the first belt body and its outer wall protrudes from the first surface, so as to correspond to the position of the structural seam; The first rib has multiple protrusions on the first surface, and the multiple first ribs are distributed on both sides of the deformation hole.

[0014] According to the present invention, a tunnel integrated waterproofing and drainage system is provided, wherein the waterstop includes a centrally embedded waterstop embedded in the secondary lining; The embedded waterstop includes: The second belt is arranged along the extension direction of the structural joint; The second rib has multiple ribs that protrude from both sides of the second belt along the thickness direction.

[0015] According to the present invention, a tunnel integrated waterproofing and drainage system is provided, wherein the waterproof layer is fixedly connected to the initial support by a fixing component; The waterproof layer comprises geotextile and waterproof membrane laid sequentially, and the fixing components include: The fastener has a large end at one end and the other end passes through the geotextile and penetrates into the initial support. A hot-melt washer is placed between the large end and the geotextile, and the waterproof membrane and the hot-melt washer are fixed by hot-melt welding.

[0016] According to the present invention, a tunnel integrated drainage system is provided, wherein the structural joints of the drainage ditch are filled with a filler that can expand upon contact with water; The structural joints of the drainage ditch are coated with cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating.

[0017] According to the integrated tunnel drainage and waterproofing system provided by the present invention, when the embedded waterstop is located in the arch wall of the tunnel, it further includes: The second self-adhesive layer is disposed on both sides of the second tape along the thickness direction.

[0018] The integrated tunnel waterproofing and drainage system provided by this invention forms a continuous waterproof barrier between the initial support and the secondary lining through a waterproof layer, preventing water seepage into the secondary lining. Blind pipes located between the waterproof layer and the initial support collect seepage and guide it to drainage ditches for centralized discharge, reducing water accumulation between the initial support and the secondary lining, thereby lowering the risk of seepage. Circumferential waterstops laid on the circumferential structural joints seal the joints, preventing seepage into the tunnel interior. Similarly, longitudinal waterstops laid on the longitudinal structural joints seal the joints, preventing seepage into the tunnel interior. The waterproof layer, blind pipes, waterstops, and drainage ditches constitute a comprehensive waterproofing and drainage system that integrates barrier and drainage mechanisms. This effectively solves the water accumulation and leakage risks caused by single-system waterproofing solutions, further improving the tunnel's waterproofing performance and ensuring its service life and structural stability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated tunnel drainage and waterproofing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the integrated tunnel drainage and waterproofing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blind tube provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the circumferential blind pipe and the initial support provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the longitudinal blind pipe and the initial support provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential drainage pipe and the longitudinal drainage pipe provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the waterproof layer and the initial support provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the waterstop provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the T-shaped connector provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the T-shaped connector provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped connector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 12 This is one of the arrangement diagrams of the waterstop provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 13 This is the second arrangement diagram of the waterstop provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the back-adhesive waterstop provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the embedded waterstop provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 16 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the embedded steel plate waterstop provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the embedded steel plate waterstop provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 18 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the drainage ditch provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 19 This is the second schematic diagram of the drainage ditch provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure label: 10. Initial support; 11. Secondary lining; 12. Circumferential structural joint; 13. Longitudinal structural joint; 20. Waterproof layer; 21. Geotextile; 22. Waterproof membrane; 23. Fixing components; 230. Fasteners; 231. Hot-melt gaskets; 30. Blind pipe; 31. Circumferential blind pipe; 310. First bend pipe joint; 32. Longitudinal blind pipe; 320. Second bend pipe joint; 33. Connecting components; 330. Narrow strip waterproof membrane; 331. Anchors; 34. Circumferential drainage pipe; 35. Longitudinal drainage pipe; 40. Waterstop; 41. Arch 42. Circumferential waterstop for wall; 43. Circumferential waterstop for inverted arch; 44. Longitudinal waterstop; 45. T-shaped joint; 46. Cross-shaped joint; 47. Back-adhesive waterstop; 48. First strip body; 49. First self-adhesive layer; 40. Deformation hole; 41. First rib; 42. Embedded waterstop; 43. Second strip body; 44. Second rib; 45. Second self-adhesive layer; 46. Embedded steel plate waterstop; 47. Third strip body; 48. Anchor edge; 59. Drainage ditch; 50. Filler; 61. Waterproof coating. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0041] To better understand the integrated tunnel waterproofing and drainage system provided by this invention, its application background is first introduced. During operation, tunnels often face erosion from groundwater, rainwater, and other water sources. For example, during tunnel construction, structural joints are often reserved due to different construction stages or technical requirements. As a potential weak point in the tunnel structure, structural joints can easily become channels for groundwater infiltration. Long-term water seepage and erosion will damage the concrete structure of the tunnel, affecting its service life and operational stability. Therefore, effective waterproofing measures are crucial for ensuring the safety and long-term stable operation of tunnels.

[0042] Traditional waterproofing relies heavily on sealing methods, such as using rubber waterstops, asphalt rolls, and cement-based coatings to form a water barrier to prevent water from seeping into the tunnel structure.

[0043] It has been proven that the above-mentioned waterproof structure can basically meet the waterproof requirements of tunnels. However, in actual engineering practice, the design and implementation of tunnel waterproof systems have long suffered from problems such as insufficient systemicity, single technology, and lack of functionality, resulting in frequent hidden dangers such as water accumulation and leakage, which seriously threaten the safety of tunnel structures.

[0044] Therefore, how to further improve the waterproof performance of tunnels and ensure their service life and structural stability has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed.

[0045] In view of this, the present invention provides a comprehensive tunnel waterproofing and drainage system, which can further improve the waterproof performance of tunnels and ensure the service life and structural stability of tunnels.

[0046] The following is combined Figures 1 to 19 The present invention describes a tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A comprehensive tunnel drainage and waterproofing system includes a waterproof layer 20, blind pipes 30, waterstops 40, and drainage ditches 50. The waterproof layer 20 is laid between the initial support 10 and the secondary lining 11 of the tunnel. The blind pipes 30 are located between the initial support 10 and the waterproof layer 20, specifically including circumferential blind pipes 31 and longitudinal blind pipes 32. The circumferential blind pipes 31 are arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, and multiple circumferential blind pipes 31 are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The longitudinal blind pipes 32 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The waterstops 40 include circumferential waterstops 40 and longitudinal waterstops 43. The circumferential waterstops 40 are laid on the circumferential structural joints 12 of the secondary lining 11, and the longitudinal waterstops 43 are laid on the longitudinal structural joints 13 of the secondary lining 11. The drainage ditch 50 is located below the inner track surface of the tunnel and extends longitudinally along the tunnel. The outlets of the circumferential blind pipes 31 and the longitudinal blind pipes 32 are connected to the drainage ditch 50.

[0048] Through the above technical solutions, the waterproof layer 20 can form a continuous waterproof barrier between the initial support 10 and the secondary lining 11, preventing water seepage into the interior of the secondary lining 11. The blind pipe 30 located between the waterproof layer 20 and the initial support 10 can collect the seepage water and guide it to the drainage ditch 50 for centralized discharge, reducing the water accumulation between the initial support 10 and the secondary lining 11, thereby reducing the risk of water seepage. The circumferential waterstop 40 laid on the circumferential structural joint 12 can provide a seal for the circumferential structural joint 12, preventing water seepage from the circumferential structural joint 12 into the tunnel interior. The longitudinal waterstop 43 laid on the longitudinal structural joint 13 can provide a seal for the longitudinal structural joint 13, preventing water seepage from the longitudinal structural joint 13 into the tunnel interior. The waterproof layer 20, blind pipe 30, waterstop 40 and drainage ditch 50 constitute a comprehensive waterproofing and drainage system that integrates barrier and drainage. This system can effectively solve the problems of water accumulation and leakage caused by a single waterproofing system, thereby further improving the waterproofing performance of the tunnel and ensuring the service life and structural stability of the tunnel.

[0049] It should be noted that the initial support 10 refers to the support structure constructed immediately after tunnel excavation, used to control surrounding rock deformation and ensure construction safety. The structural form of the initial support 10 is generally shotcrete. The secondary lining 11 refers to the permanent lining constructed after the initial support 10 has stabilized, used to provide long-term load-bearing capacity, waterproofing, durability, and adaptability to operational needs. Structural joints are joints formed during concrete pouring to meet different construction stages or technical requirements when constructing the secondary lining 11, such as construction joints or expansion joints. Among them, structural joints extending along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are called longitudinal structural joints 13, and structural joints extending circumferentially along the tunnel are called circumferential structural joints 12. Tunnels generally include arch walls and inverts, so more specifically, circumferential structural joints 12 can be further divided into arch wall circumferential structural joints 12 and invert circumferential structural joints 12.

[0050] It should be further noted that the above description of the tunnel structure is only a brief overview, intended to provide a more intuitive understanding of the arrangement of various structural components in the tunnel within the integrated drainage and waterproofing system. Other tunnel structures can be referenced from existing technologies, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment of the invention.

[0051] In one example of the present invention, before laying the waterproof layer 20, the blind pipes 30 are first arranged, referring to... Figures 2 to 6 Among them, the circumferential blind pipe 31 adopts φ50mm DG pipe (double-wall corrugated drainage blind pipe), and the spacing between two adjacent circumferential blind pipes 31 is 4m. The longitudinal blind pipe 32 is set at the corners of the walls on both sides of the tunnel. The longitudinal blind pipe 32 adopts φ100mm DG pipe, and is in sections of 12m (or sections of each template trolley length).

[0052] In a further example of the present invention, the two ends of the circumferential blind pipe 31 are connected to a first bend connector 310, which bends toward the drainage ditch 50 and connects to the drainage ditch 50. The two ends of the longitudinal blind pipe 32 are connected to a second bend connector 320, which bends toward the drainage ditch 50 and connects to the drainage ditch 50. Specifically, the angle between the second bend connector 320 and the longitudinal blind pipe 32 is 135 degrees.

[0053] In order to facilitate the connection between the blind tube 30 and the initial support 10, in a further example of the present invention, the blind tube 30 is connected to the initial support 10 by a plurality of connecting components 33 arranged along its own length direction.

[0054] Specifically, the connecting assembly 33 includes a narrow strip waterproof membrane 330 and an anchor 331; wherein, the narrow strip waterproof membrane 330 covers the other side of the blind pipe 30 relative to the initial support 10 and its two ends along the radial direction of the blind pipe 30 are in contact with the initial support 10; the anchor 331 is adapted to anchor the two ends of the narrow strip waterproof membrane 330 to the initial support 10, thereby realizing the connection of the blind pipe 30 to the initial support 10.

[0055] More specifically, anchor 331 can be an anchor stud.

[0056] In one example of the present invention, the blind pipe 30 further includes a circumferential drainage pipe 34 and a longitudinal drainage pipe 35 disposed at the bottom of the invert arch; specifically, the circumferential drainage pipe 34 is arranged along the arc of the invert arch and multiple pipes are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the invert arch, and both ends of the circumferential drainage pipe 34 are connected to the drainage ditch 50. The longitudinal drainage pipe 35 is located in the center of the invert arch and is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the invert arch, and is used to connect two adjacent circumferential drainage pipes 34.

[0057] This design, through the circumferential drainage pipe 34 and the longitudinal drainage pipe 35, forms a drainage network at the bottom of the invert arch, facilitating the timely removal of groundwater seepage and reducing its erosion of the invert arch concrete structure. More specifically, the circumferential drainage pipe 34 is a φ80mm DG pipe and is installed 30cm on both sides of the circumferential structural joint 12 at the bottom of the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage pipe 35 is a φ80mm DG pipe.

[0058] Through the above technical solution, the blind pipe 30 can form a drainage network between the initial support 10 and the secondary lining 11, so as to remove seepage water in time, reduce the erosion of the tunnel concrete structure by seepage water, and ensure the service life and structural stability of the tunnel.

[0059] After the blind conduit 30 is laid, the waterproof layer 20 is arranged. In one example of the present invention, refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 7 The waterproof layer 20 includes geotextile 21 and waterproof board 22 laid sequentially from the initial support 10 to the secondary lining 11.

[0060] Among them, the geotextile 21 can not only provide protection for the waterproof membrane 22, preventing unevenness or sharp objects on the surface of the initial support 10 from directly contacting the waterproof membrane 22 and protecting the waterproof membrane 22 from damage, but also has good drainage performance, which can guide and drain the water seeping out of the initial support 10, thereby reducing the pressure of these water flows on the waterproof membrane 22 and ensuring the stable function of the waterproof membrane 22.

[0061] The waterproof membrane 22 is the core part of the entire waterproof layer 20. It is used to prevent water from seeping into the tunnel interior to ensure the safety of the tunnel structure. The waterproof membrane 22 is usually made of materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to give it excellent impermeability and ensure its waterproofing ability.

[0062] To facilitate the connection and fixation of the waterproof layer 20 on the initial support 10, in one example of the present invention, the waterproof layer 20 is fixedly connected to the initial support 10 by a fixing component 23; the fixing component 23 includes a fixing member 230 and a hot-melt washer 231; wherein, one end of the fixing member 230 is formed with a large end, and the other end passes through the geotextile 21 and penetrates into the initial support 10; the hot-melt washer 231 is pressed between the large end and the geotextile 21, and the waterproof board 22 is a self-adhesive waterproof board 22, the surface of which is hot-melt welded to the hot-melt washer 231, thereby realizing the connection and fixation of the waterproof layer 20 on the initial support 10.

[0063] Through the above technical solutions, the blind pipe 30 can form a drainage network between the initial support 10 and the secondary lining 11 to remove seepage water in a timely manner, while the waterproof layer 20 can form a continuous waterproof barrier between the initial support 10 and the secondary lining 11 to prevent seepage water from penetrating into the tunnel structure. The combination of blocking and drainage can minimize the risk of water accumulation and leakage, and improve the waterproof performance of the tunnel.

[0064] Specifically, fastener 230 can be made of nails or anchors.

[0065] After the waterproof membrane 22 is installed, the waterstop 40 is installed. In one example of the present invention, refer to... Figures 8 to 11 The circumferential waterstop 40 is divided into an arch wall circumferential waterstop 41 and an invert arch circumferential waterstop 42 according to the different locations of the arrangement. The arch wall circumferential waterstop 41 is laid on the arch wall circumferential structural joint 12, and the invert arch circumferential waterstop 42 is laid on the invert arch circumferential structural joint 12. The arch wall circumferential waterstop 41, the invert arch circumferential waterstop 42 and the longitudinal waterstop 43 located at the same level are connected into a whole by joints.

[0066] With this configuration, the circumferential waterstop 41 of the arch wall can prevent water from seeping into the tunnel through the circumferential structural joint 12 of the arch wall, and the circumferential waterstop 42 of the invert arch can prevent water from seeping into the tunnel through the circumferential structural joint 12 of the invert arch. The joint connects the longitudinal waterstop 43, the circumferential waterstop 41 of the arch wall, and the circumferential waterstop 42 of the invert arch into a continuous whole, which can effectively reduce potential leakage points and significantly improve the compressive strength and structural stability of each waterstop 40. The waterstop 40 is not easily displaced or damaged by external forces, which is conducive to improving the stability and reliability of the entire waterproof system, thereby further improving the waterproof performance at the structural joint and ensuring the safe operation of the transportation system.

[0067] In a further example of the present invention, the joint includes a T-shaped joint 44 and a cross-shaped joint 45; wherein, at the intersection of the circumferential structural joint 12 of the arch wall and the circumferential structural joint 12 of the inverted arch, the circumferential waterstop 41 of the arch wall, the circumferential waterstop 42 of the inverted arch, and the longitudinal waterstop 43 are connected by the cross-shaped joint 45; at the misalignment of the circumferential structural joint 12 of the arch wall and the circumferential structural joint 12 of the inverted arch, the circumferential waterstop 41 of the arch wall, the inverted arch line-changing waterstop 40, and the longitudinal waterstop 43 are connected by the T-shaped joint 44.

[0068] In a further example of the invention, the longitudinal waterstop 43 is segmented; the T-shaped connector 44 has three overlapping sides arranged in a T-shape, wherein two overlapping sides are located in the same direction for connecting two adjacent longitudinal waterstop segments 43 respectively, and the other overlapping side is used to connect the circumferential waterstop 41 of the arch wall or the circumferential waterstop 42 of the inverted arch in the vertical direction. The cross-shaped connector 45 has four overlapping sides arranged in a cross shape, wherein two overlapping sides are located in the same direction for connecting two adjacent longitudinal waterstop segments 43 respectively, and the other two overlapping sides are used to connect the circumferential waterstop 41 of the arch wall and the circumferential waterstop 42 of the inverted arch in the vertical direction respectively.

[0069] In a further example of the present invention, the waterstop 40 is connected to the overlapping area of ​​the joint by a hot vulcanization process.

[0070] It should be noted that the rubber hot vulcanization process is a commonly used joining process for rubber products. The specific process parameters and steps can be referred to the existing technology, and will not be repeated in the embodiments of this invention.

[0071] In a further example of the present invention, the overlap width between the waterstop 40 and the joint is greater than or equal to 5 cm, thereby ensuring the connection strength between the waterstop 40 and the joint.

[0072] Depending on different working conditions and design requirements, the waterstop 40 can have a variety of different structural forms.

[0073] In one example of the present invention, reference is made to Figures 12 to 15 The waterstop 40 includes a back-adhesive waterstop 46 and a centrally embedded waterstop 47. The back-adhesive waterstop 46 includes a first strip body 460, a first self-adhesive layer 461, deformation holes 462, and first ribs 463. The first strip body 460 is arranged along the extension direction of the structural joint and includes a first surface and a second surface along the thickness direction. The first surface is suitable for cooperating with the secondary lining 11. The first self-adhesive layer 461 is disposed on the first surface. The deformation holes 462 are disposed on the first strip body 460 and their outer walls protrude from the first surface, corresponding to the position of the circumferential structural joint 12. There are multiple first ribs 463 that protrude from the first surface, and the multiple first ribs 463 are distributed on both sides of the deformation holes 462.

[0074] Specifically, after the back-adhesive waterstop 46 is installed, multiple first ribs 463 are embedded in the secondary lining 11. This not only increases the contact area between the back-adhesive waterstop 46 and the secondary lining 11, extending the water infiltration path and improving the sealing effect, but also increases the stability of the connection between the back-adhesive waterstop 46 and the secondary lining 11, ensuring that the back-adhesive waterstop 46 can firmly adhere to the structural joint. The first self-adhesive layer 461 enhances the bonding strength between the back-adhesive waterstop 46 and the secondary lining 11, further improving the firmness of the back-adhesive waterstop 46 at the structural joint. The deformation holes 462 corresponding to the structural joint position can adapt to the deformation of the circumferential structural joint 12, allowing the back-adhesive waterstop 46 to maintain good waterproof performance.

[0075] In a further example of the present invention, the first strip body 460, the deformation hole 462 and the first rib 463 of the back-adhesive waterstop 46 are integrally formed of rubber material, and the first self-adhesive layer 461 is made of non-asphalt adhesive.

[0076] The back-adhesive waterstop 46 can be used to initially seal structural joints and reduce the risk of water seepage.

[0077] In one example of the present invention, the embedded waterstop 47 includes a second strip body 470 and second ribs 471; wherein the second strip body 470 is arranged along the extension direction of the structural joint, and multiple second ribs 471 are provided and protrude from both sides of the second strip body 470 along the thickness direction. With this arrangement, after the embedded waterstop 47 is installed, multiple second ribs 471 are embedded in the secondary lining 11, which not only increases the contact area between the embedded waterstop 47 and the secondary lining 11, extends the water infiltration path, and improves the sealing effect, but also increases the stability of the connection between the embedded waterstop 47 and the secondary lining 11, ensuring that the embedded waterstop 47 can be firmly attached to the location of the structural joint.

[0078] In a further example of the present invention, when the embedded waterstop 47 is located in the secondary lining 11 of the arch wall, it further includes a second self-adhesive layer 472, which is disposed on both sides of the second strip body 470 along the thickness direction. The second self-adhesive layer 472 can enhance the bonding strength between the embedded waterstop 47 and the secondary lining 11, further improve the firmness of the embedded waterstop 47 at the structural joint, and improve the waterproof sealing effect.

[0079] In a further example of the present invention, the second strip 470 and the second rib 471 of the embedded waterstop 47 are integrally molded from rubber material, and the second self-adhesive layer 472 is made of a non-asphalt adhesive.

[0080] In another example of the invention, reference is made to Figure 16 and Figure 17The waterstop 40 may also include an embedded steel plate waterstop 48 installed at the longitudinal structural joint 13 of the arch wall.

[0081] Specifically, the embedded steel plate waterstop 48 includes a third strip body 480 and anchor edges 481; wherein, the anchor edges 481 are located on both sides of the third strip body 480 along the width direction and are set at an angle to the third strip body 480. With this configuration, after the embedded steel plate waterstop 48 is installed, the anchor edges 481 on both sides can be anchored into the secondary lining 11, improving the sealing effect and stability.

[0082] In a further example of the present invention, the third belt 480 forms a 135-degree angle with the anchor edge 481.

[0083] In a further example of the present invention, the third strip 480 and the anchor edge 481 are integrally formed from galvanized steel sheet. The galvanized steel sheet can improve the strength and rigidity of the embedded steel plate waterstop 48, enabling the embedded steel plate waterstop 48 to withstand greater physical pressure and deformation, and is not easily stretched or torn. In addition, the galvanized steel sheet has good adhesion to concrete, which enhances the water-stopping effect.

[0084] In a further example of the present invention, cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating 60 can be filled into the circumferential structural joint 12 and / or the longitudinal structural joint 13. Utilizing the unique physicochemical properties of the cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating 60, it can fill and repair the structural joint to a certain extent, thereby achieving a good waterproofing effect.

[0085] To enhance the impermeability of the drainage ditch 50 and prevent water from seeping into the tunnel structure, in a further example of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 18 The structural joints of the drainage ditch 50 are filled with a water-swellable filler 51, such as a water-swellable sealing strip. This design allows the filler 51 to absorb water and expand, thereby sealing the structural joints of the drainage ditch 50 and preventing water from seeping into the tunnel structure.

[0086] In a further example of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 19 Cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating 60 is applied to the structural joints of drainage ditch 50 to fill and repair the structural joints to a certain extent and improve the impermeability of drainage ditch 50.

[0087] It is understood that, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples.

[0088] Through the tunnel integrated waterproofing and drainage system provided in this embodiment of the invention, the waterproof layer 20 can form a continuous waterproof barrier between the initial support 10 and the secondary lining 11, preventing water seepage into the interior of the secondary lining 11. The blind pipe 30 located between the waterproof layer 20 and the initial support 10 can collect water seepage and guide it to the drainage ditch 50 for centralized discharge, reducing water accumulation between the initial support 10 and the secondary lining 11, thereby reducing the risk of water seepage. The circumferential waterstop 40 laid on the circumferential structural joint 12 can provide a seal for the circumferential structural joint 12, preventing water seepage from the circumferential structural joint 12 into the tunnel interior. The longitudinal waterstop 43 laid on the longitudinal structural joint 13 can provide a seal for the longitudinal structural joint 13, preventing water seepage from the longitudinal structural joint 13 into the tunnel interior. The waterproof layer 20, blind pipe 30, waterstop 40 and drainage ditch 50 constitute a comprehensive waterproofing and drainage system that integrates barrier and drainage. This system can effectively solve the problems of water accumulation and leakage caused by a single waterproofing system, thereby further improving the waterproofing performance of the tunnel and ensuring the service life and structural stability of the tunnel.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive tunnel drainage and waterproofing system, characterized in that, include: A waterproof layer (20) is laid between the initial support (10) and the secondary lining (11) of the tunnel; A blind pipe (30) is disposed between the waterproof layer (20) and the initial support (10); the blind pipe (30) includes a circumferential blind pipe (31) and a longitudinal blind pipe (32); the circumferential blind pipe (31) is arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, and multiple circumferential blind pipes (31) are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; the longitudinal blind pipe (32) is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; Waterstop (40) includes a circumferential waterstop (40) and a longitudinal waterstop (43); the circumferential waterstop (40) is laid on the circumferential structural joint (12) of the secondary lining (11), and the longitudinal waterstop (43) is laid on the longitudinal structural joint (13) of the secondary lining (11). A drainage ditch (50) is provided below the inner rail surface of the tunnel and extends longitudinally along the tunnel. The outlet ends of the circumferential blind pipe (31) and the longitudinal blind pipe (32) are connected to the drainage ditch (50).

2. The tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the circumferential blind pipe (31) is connected to a first elbow joint (310), which bends toward the drainage ditch (50) and communicates with it; and / or, The end of the longitudinal blind pipe (32) is connected to a second bend joint (320), which bends toward the drainage ditch (50) and communicates with the drainage ditch (50).

3. The tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blind pipe (30) is connected to the initial support (10) by a plurality of connecting components (33) arranged along its own length; The connection component (33) includes: A narrow strip waterproof membrane (330) is wrapped around the blind pipe (30) on the other side of the initial support (10) and its two ends along the radial direction of the blind pipe (30) are attached to the initial support (10); Anchors (331) are used to anchor both ends of the narrow strip waterproof membrane (330) to the initial support (10).

4. The tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circumferential waterstop (40) is classified according to its arrangement position as follows: The circumferential waterstop (41) of the arch wall is laid on the circumferential structural joint (12) of the arch wall; The circumferential waterstop (42) of the invert arch is laid on the circumferential structural joint (12) of the invert arch; The circumferential waterstop (41), the circumferential waterstop (42), and the longitudinal waterstop (43) located at the same level are connected as a whole by a joint.

5. The tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connector includes a T-shaped connector (44); At the misalignment of the circumferential structural joint (12) of the arch wall and the circumferential structural joint (12) of the inverted arch, the circumferential waterstop (41) of the arch wall, the circumferential waterstop (42) of the inverted arch and the longitudinal waterstop (43) are connected by the T-shaped joint (44).

6. The tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The connector includes a cross-shaped connector (45); At the locations corresponding to the circumferential structural joint (12) of the arch wall and the circumferential structural joint (12) of the inverted arch, the circumferential waterstop (41), the circumferential waterstop (42) of the inverted arch and the longitudinal waterstop (43) are connected by the cross-shaped joint (45).

7. The tunnel integrated waterproofing and drainage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The waterstop (40) includes a back-adhesive waterstop (46), which is located between the waterproof layer (20) and the secondary lining (11). The back-adhesive waterstop (46) includes: The first strip (460) includes a first surface and a second surface along the thickness direction, the first surface being adapted to cooperate with the secondary lining (11); A first self-adhesive layer (461) is disposed on the first surface; A deformation hole (462) is provided on the first belt body (460) and its outer wall protrudes from the first surface, for corresponding to the position of the structural seam; Multiple first ribs (463) are provided on the first surface and are distributed on both sides of the deformation hole (462).

8. The tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The waterstop (40) includes a centrally embedded waterstop (47) embedded in the secondary lining (11); The embedded waterstop (47) includes: The second strip (470) is arranged along the extension direction of the structural joint; The second rib (471) is provided in multiple forms and protrudes from both sides of the second belt (470) along the thickness direction.

9. The tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof layer (20) is fixedly connected to the initial support (10) by a fixing component (23); The waterproof layer (20) comprises geotextile (21) and waterproof membrane (22) laid in sequence, and the fixing assembly (23) comprises: The fastener (230) has a large end at one end and the other end passes through the geotextile (21) and penetrates into the initial support (10); A hot melt washer (231) is placed between the large end and the geotextile (21), and the waterproof membrane (22) and the hot melt washer (231) are fixed by hot melt welding.

10. The tunnel integrated drainage and waterproofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural joints of the drainage ditch (50) are filled with filler (51) that can expand when exposed to water; The structural joints of the drainage ditch (50) are coated with a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating (60).

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