A component finished product detection device and detection method

Abstract

This invention discloses a component inspection device and method. The device includes a fixed base and a quick-change positioning assembly. The quick-change positioning assembly includes at least two positioning units and a rotating structure. The rotating structure handles station transfer and coarse positioning. A three-point positioning component is provided on one side of the fixed base's inspection position, and a clamping mechanism is provided on the other side. A triangular pyramidal positioning surface is provided on the floating base plate, which, in conjunction with the three-point positioning component, determines a unique positioning center point, achieving self-centering fine positioning. This decouples coarse positioning transfer from fine positioning clamping. This solution solves the problem of balancing part-changing efficiency and positioning accuracy in existing devices, allowing workpiece replacement to be completed outside the inspection position without interrupting the inspection operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of component testing technology, specifically to a component finished product testing device and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] In the production process of precision parts, finished product inspection usually requires precise positioning of the workpiece and measurement of its dimensions or geometric tolerances. Positioning accuracy and inspection efficiency directly determine product quality and production line cycle time.

[0003] When changing to workpieces of different specifications, the existing testing equipment involves a cumbersome and time-consuming process of adapting and adjusting the positioning components, resulting in frequent interruptions to the testing operation and limited overall efficiency. Simplifying the adjustment process to improve efficiency makes it difficult to guarantee positioning accuracy, thus making it difficult to balance workpiece change efficiency and positioning accuracy.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve rapid switching between workpieces of different specifications while ensuring positioning accuracy and avoiding interruption of inspection operations is the core problem faced by existing inspection devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a component finished product inspection device and inspection method to solve the problems of cumbersome positioning and adjustment when changing workpieces, easy interruption of operation, low efficiency, and difficulty in balancing turnover efficiency and positioning accuracy in the existing component finished product inspection.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a component finished product inspection device, including a fixed base and a quick-change positioning assembly. The quick-change positioning assembly includes at least two positioning units for carrying the component to be inspected, and a rotating structure capable of rotating all positioning units relative to the fixed base. The rotating structure is used to handle the station rotation and coarse positioning of the positioning units. The fixed base has a detection position, and the rotating structure is used to drive the positioning units to align a floating base plate with the detection position. The positioning unit includes a floating base plate, on which a positioning carrier for determining the position and orientation of the component is mounted. The floating substrate and the rotating structure are connected by a floating structure, giving the floating substrate an adaptive adjustment margin for position and angle. One side of the detection position has a three-point positioning member, and the other side has a clamping mechanism that can move along the positioning direction and push the floating substrate toward the three-point positioning member. Three positioning surfaces are installed on the floating substrate, and the three positioning surfaces fit together in space to form a triangular pyramid structure that uniquely matches the three-point positioning member, so as to cooperate with the three-point positioning member and the clamping mechanism to determine a unique positioning center point, achieve self-centering, and determine the pose of the floating substrate. This results in a decoupled working relationship between coarse positioning flow and fine positioning clamping between the station flow path of the rotating structure, the three-point positioning component of the detection position, and the triangular pyramid positioning surface of the floating substrate, and the positioning accuracy of the floating substrate remains constant with the thrust of the clamping mechanism.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the three-point positioning member consists of three positioning pins extending toward the detection position. The ends of the positioning pins are equipped with three ball joints that can independently abut against three positioning surfaces on the floating base plate. The ball joints are adjustable in axial position relative to the positioning pins by an adjustment assembly.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the rotation structure includes a main shaft capable of rotating around its own axis and a fixed plate fixed to the main shaft, and the floating base plate is mounted on the fixed plate through the floating structure; the fixed plates and the floating base plates of all positioning units are spaced apart around the axis of the main shaft to cooperate with the rotation of the main shaft to realize the rotation switching of the positioning units.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fixed plate is axially movable to the spindle via an axial compensation member, and the axial compensation member enables the fixed plate and the floating base plate to have a tendency to move away from the three-point positioning member.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the axial compensation member includes: a movable sleeve that is axially sliding relative to the main shaft, wherein the fixing plates of all the positioning units are circumferentially fixed to the movable sleeve; and an axial elastic support member that connects the main shaft and the movable sleeve, enabling the movable sleeve to have a tendency to move away from the three-point positioning member.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the floating structure and the axial elastic support are each independently selected from a compression spring, an elastic sleeve, a disc spring, or a tension spring.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least two quick-change positioning components are provided, and the quick-change positioning components are synchronously switched through a synchronous transmission mechanism, wherein the synchronous transmission mechanism is connected to the main shaft of the adjacent quick-change positioning components.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous transmission mechanism is adapted to the spatial positional relationship between the main shaft axes of adjacent quick-change positioning components; when the main shaft axes are parallel and collinear, the synchronous transmission mechanism is a coaxial coupling; when the main shaft axes are parallel but not collinear, the synchronous transmission mechanism is a synchronous belt assembly or a chain drive mechanism; when the main shaft axes are strictly intersecting at a design angle, the synchronous transmission mechanism with two intersecting axes is a single set of bevel gear pairs, and the synchronous transmission mechanism with three or more main shaft axes circumferentially converging is a linkage combination of multiple sets of bevel gear pairs; when the main shaft axes have an installation deflection angle or coaxiality deviation, the synchronous transmission mechanism is a deflection angle coupling; the power input end of each synchronous transmission mechanism is fixedly connected to the corresponding main shaft.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the power input end of the synchronous transmission mechanism is connected to the main shaft by a key connection, flange connection or expansion sleeve connection.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for inspecting finished parts, implemented using the finished part inspection device described above, comprising the following steps: Step 1, loading: placing the part to be inspected on the positioning carrier of any positioning unit, and initially defining the part's position and orientation through the positioning carrier; Step 2, rotating positioning: driving the positioning unit to rotate around the main shaft through a rotating structure, so that the floating base plate carrying the part to be inspected aligns with the inspection position of the fixed base; when the device is equipped with at least two quick-change positioning components, driving the main shafts of each quick-change positioning component to rotate synchronously through a synchronous transmission mechanism, realizing synchronous rotation of multiple positioning units. Step 3: Self-centering clamping: The clamping mechanism pushes the floating base plate along the positioning direction towards the three-point positioning component. The triangular pyramidal positioning surface on the floating base plate cooperates with the three-point positioning component to achieve self-centering and determine the precise position and orientation of the floating base plate and components. Step 4: Finished product inspection: The self-centered components are inspected at the inspection position. Step 5: Unloading / replacing: After the inspection is completed, the clamping mechanism is reset, the axial compensation component drives the floating base plate away from the three-point positioning component, and the rotating structure rotates the inspected positioning unit away from the inspection position to complete unloading or replacement of the components to be inspected.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention uses at least two positioning units of a quick-change positioning assembly in conjunction with a rotating structure to handle workstation transfer and coarse positioning. It achieves self-centering fine positioning through a triangular pyramidal positioning surface on a floating base plate in conjunction with a three-point positioning component and a clamping mechanism. This decouples coarse positioning transfer and fine positioning clamping, allowing workpiece replacement or calibration to be completed at non-inspection positions without interrupting inspection operations. Structurally, this invention solves the technical contradiction in existing devices where it is difficult to balance workpiece replacement efficiency and positioning accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention employing multiple quick-change positioning components.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the quick-change positioning component of the present invention, which uses four positioning units.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the quick-change positioning system of the present invention using a single positioning unit.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Side view.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the state of the clamping mechanism pushing the positioning face to the left to abut the ball head component from a certain perspective.

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A three-dimensional sectional view.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the three-point positioning component of the present invention.

[0025] The labels in the diagram represent the following: S1. Fixed base; S2. Quick-change positioning assembly; S3. Synchronous transmission mechanism; 1. Floating base plate; 2. Floating structure; 3. Three-point positioning component; 31. Positioning pin; 32. Ball head component; 33. Adjustment assembly; 4. Tightening mechanism; 5. Positioning surface; 61. Main shaft; 62. Fixed plate; 63. Movable sleeve; 64. Axial elastic support component. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] To address the problems of existing component inspection devices, such as cumbersome positioning adjustments during workpiece changeover, frequent interruptions, low efficiency, and difficulty in balancing workstation turnover efficiency and positioning accuracy, this invention provides a component inspection device and method. Its basic design can independently achieve precise positioning and efficient operation mode switching. The following detailed description of this solution, along with specific embodiments, is provided. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely preferred solutions and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0028] Reference Figures 1-7 As shown, the basic scheme of this component finished product inspection device includes a fixed base S1 and a quick-change positioning assembly S2. The quick-change positioning assembly S2 includes at least two positioning units and a rotating structure capable of rotating all positioning units relative to the fixed base S1. The fixed base S1 has a detection position, which is a reference area for component precision inspection. The rotating structure is used to move the positioning units so that the floating base plate 1 is precisely aligned with the detection position. The positioning unit includes a floating base plate 1, on which a positioning carrier for determining the component's pose is mounted. The floating base plate 1 and the rotating structure are connected by a floating structure 2. One side of the detection position has a three-point positioning member 3, and the other side has a clamping mechanism 4 that can move along the positioning direction and push the floating base plate 1 toward the three-point positioning member 3. The floating base plate 1 is equipped with three positioning surfaces 5, which are spatially fitted to a triangular pyramid structure to cooperate with the three-point positioning member 3 and the clamping mechanism 4 to achieve self-centering and determine the pose of the floating base plate 1.

[0029] The dynamic workflow of the basic solution is as follows: the component to be tested is placed on the positioning carrier to complete the initial positioning. The rotating structure drives the positioning unit to rotate to the detection position alignment position. The clamping mechanism 4 pushes the floating base plate 1 to cooperate with the three-point positioning component 3. Self-centering is achieved by taking advantage of the uniqueness of the triangular pyramid structure positioning surface 5. After the positioning is completed, the accuracy test is performed at the detection position.

[0030] After the inspection is completed, the clamping mechanism 4 is reset, and the rotating structure rotates the positioning unit away from the inspection position. At this time, it can be switched to another positioning unit as needed. If it is necessary to change to workpieces of different specifications, the corresponding positioning carrier can be replaced on the non-inspection position positioning unit that has been rotated away, without interrupting the inspection operation, which greatly improves the efficiency of changing parts. If an accuracy deviation occurs during the inspection and needs to be corrected, it can also be maintained synchronously in the non-inspection position to ensure the continuity of the inspection.

[0031] This basic solution can independently solve the core problems of existing devices, such as cumbersome component replacement, low efficiency, and difficulty in balancing turnover and accuracy, by only coordinating the aforementioned uniquely defined components, and meet the basic requirements for routine component testing and multi-condition adaptation.

[0032] It should be clarified that the functions of each core component in this design are clearly defined and complementary: the essential function of the rotating structure is to transport and coarsely position the components, and it is only responsible for driving the positioning unit to rotate between the non-detection position and the detection position, initially aligning the floating base plate 1 with the detection position, providing a prerequisite for subsequent precise positioning, but it does not undertake the responsibility of precision positioning; the true precise positioning is achieved by the cooperation of the three-point positioning component 3 and the triangular pyramid positioning surface 5 on the floating base plate 1. Relying on the spatial uniqueness of the triangular pyramid structure, it ensures that the floating base plate 1 and the components obtain a precise posture, which is the core guarantee of the positioning accuracy of the entire device; the clamping mechanism 4 mainly plays the role of fitting and pressing, and by applying a stable thrust along the positioning direction, it ensures that the three-point positioning component 3 and the positioning surface 5 are always tightly fitted, avoiding displacement due to gaps during the positioning process, and at the same time providing the necessary fitting pressure for the self-centering process. The three work together to form a complete positioning logic chain of "coarse positioning - fine positioning - ensuring fit".

[0033] For the clamping mechanism 4, this solution provides a variety of practical embodiments to adapt to different working conditions and ensure stable thrust and precise action: The first preferred embodiment is a cylinder-driven clamping mechanism, which uses a small double-acting cylinder as the power source. The cylinder body is fixed on the fixed base S1, the piston rod is set along the positioning direction, and the end is connected to the push plate through a floating joint. The push plate is in flexible contact with the floating base plate 1 to avoid rigid impact. The cylinder is equipped with a throttle valve to adjust the air intake speed, which can accurately control the thrust between 50-100N to adapt to floating base plates 1 of different weights. At the same time, the piston position is detected by a magnetic switch to realize linkage control with the rotating structure, which is suitable for automated detection scenarios.

[0034] The second embodiment is a screw-driven clamping mechanism, which consists of a servo motor, a ball screw, a guide rail, and a push block. The servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate through a reducer, which in turn drives the push block to move smoothly along the guide rail. A wear-resistant pad is installed at the end of the push block to contact the floating base plate 1. The advantage of this structure is that the clamping accuracy is extremely high, the displacement error can be controlled within ±0.01mm, and the thrust can be adjusted by the torque of the servo motor. It is suitable for high-precision detection scenarios with strict positioning accuracy requirements, and is especially suitable for the self-centering positioning of small parts.

[0035] The third embodiment is a spring-type clamping mechanism, which consists of a pre-tensioning spring, a guide rod, and a limiting block. The guide rod is fixed on the fixed base S1, the push block is sleeved on the guide rod, and the pre-tensioning spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod, with one end abutting against the limiting block and the other end abutting against the push block. Clamping is achieved by the spring pre-tensioning force. This structure does not require an external power source, is simple in structure, low in cost, and easy to maintain. It is suitable for manual inspection or low-frequency inspection scenarios. The pre-tensioning force can be changed by adjusting the position of the limiting block to adapt to the clamping requirements of workpieces of different specifications.

[0036] All three embodiments described above can stably achieve the clamping function, and can be flexibly selected according to the degree of automation, accuracy requirements, and cost budget to ensure the practicality and adaptability of the clamping mechanism.

[0037] Based on the basic design, in order to further improve the contact compatibility and positioning accuracy between the three-point positioning component 3 and the positioning surface 5, the structure of the three-point positioning component 3 is optimized.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-point positioning member 3 adopts three positioning pins 31, which extend horizontally in the direction toward the detection position and correspond one-to-one with the three positioning surfaces 5 on the floating substrate 1.

[0039] Each positioning pin 31 has a ball head 32 installed at its end by threaded connection or interference fit. The ball head 32 is made of high hardness wear-resistant alloy material and can independently abut against the corresponding positioning surface 5.

[0040] Compared to traditional rigid tip positioning, the ball head 32 and the positioning surface 5 are in point contact fit, which can reduce frictional loss during the positioning process and adapt to the small angular deviation of the positioning surface 5, avoiding positioning offset caused by local stress concentration.

[0041] Meanwhile, the ball head 32 can be adjusted in axial position relative to the positioning pin 31 through the adjustment component 33, which is preferably a combination structure of a locking nut and a guide sleeve.

[0042] The guide sleeve is fixed to the outside of the positioning pin 31. The mounting rod of the ball head 32 is threaded to the positioning pin 31. The axial extension length can be adjusted by rotating the ball head 32. After adjustment, it is locked and fixed by locking the nut.

[0043] The core principle of this optimization scheme is to compensate for the defects of the basic scheme, such as fixed positioning and poor adaptability, by using a combination design of "ball head contact + axial adjustability".

[0044] The ball head contact enhances positioning flexibility through point contact characteristics, while the axial adjustability allows for precise adjustment of the contact position of the three-point positioning component 3 for parts of different sizes and with different shape and position requirements, ensuring that the triangular pyramid positioning surface 5 is always in the optimal positioning state.

[0045] Its independent technical effects are reflected in the following aspects: based on the self-centering of the basic scheme, the positioning accuracy is further improved from ±0.1mm to ±0.05mm, while reducing the frictional wear between the positioning surface 5 and the positioning component, and extending the service life of the component.

[0046] The axially adjustable function allows the device to be adapted to the testing of parts of different specifications without the need to replace the entire positioning component, significantly improving the versatility of the solution.

[0047] It is worth emphasizing that the synergistic advantages of this design are further amplified on this basis: even after long-term use, if the floating structure 2 causes a slight offset in the positioning surface 5 due to fatigue wear, the three-point positioning component 3 and the positioning surface 5 can still achieve automatic avoidance.

[0048] On the one hand, the point contact between the ball head 32 and the positioning surface 5 has a small clearance for movement. Combined with the redundant space left after the adjustment component 33 is fine-tuned, it can flexibly offset the offset of the positioning surface 5. On the other hand, the angle and displacement adjustment margin provided by the floating structure 2, together with the gap of the three-point positioning component, form a double avoidance mechanism to avoid jamming and rigid interference problems after offset.

[0049] This design maintains positioning stability without additional maintenance, avoiding the impact of fatigue on overall accuracy caused by a single floating structure, extending the service life of core components, reducing equipment maintenance costs, and fully highlighting the combined advantages of the collaborative design of various structures.

[0050] Understandably, as an equivalent replacement, the adjustment component 33 can also adopt a cylinder-driven or lead screw adjustment structure, which is suitable for scenarios with higher automation requirements.

[0051] The ball head 32 can also be replaced with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, which is suitable for parts with high requirements for surface finish and avoids scratching the workpiece surface. All the above-mentioned modifications can achieve the same adjustment and positioning effect.

[0052] Based on the basic scheme's rotation function, in order to further optimize the rotation stability of the positioning unit and solve the positioning hard collision problem caused by the rigid connection between the fixed plate and the spindle, the rotation structure and axial installation method are refined.

[0053] First, the rotating structure includes a main shaft 61 and a fixed plate 62. The main shaft 61 is made of high-strength alloy steel and is mounted on a fixed base S1 through a bearing seat, and can rotate smoothly around its own axis.

[0054] One end of the spindle 61 is connected to a drive motor (not shown) via a coupling, with the motor providing rotational power, or the angle can be switched manually.

[0055] It should be noted that the axis of the main shaft 61 is set parallel to the line connecting the three-point positioning component 3 and the clamping mechanism 4. This layout design has significant spatial advantages and reasonable movement.

[0056] Its core advantage lies in the fact that it can rely on the small axial displacement (i.e., the displacement along the direction parallel to the line connecting the positioning component and the clamping mechanism) to achieve the docking and avoidance between the positioning unit and the detection position.

[0057] Compared to the vertical axis layout, which requires a large amount of space for rotation and avoidance, this parallel layout only requires 2-5mm of axial displacement (matching the pre-compression amount of the compression spring) to achieve precise docking between the floating base plate 1 and the three-point positioning component 3. After the inspection is completed, the reverse axial displacement can quickly avoid the obstacle, greatly improving the space utilization rate. It is especially suitable for compact production line layouts, while reducing the movement stroke and improving the efficiency of working condition switching.

[0058] The fixed plate 62 is a circular steel plate structure, which is fixed to the main shaft 61 by key connection. The floating base plate 1 is installed on the end face of the fixed plate 62 through the floating structure 2.

[0059] The floating structure 2 is preferably a flexible hinge or a small buffer spring, which provides the floating base plate 1 with a small adjustment margin for angle and displacement.

[0060] The fixed plates 62 and floating base plates 1 of all positioning units are evenly spaced around the axis of the main shaft 61. The included angle between adjacent positioning units is adaptively adjusted according to the number of positioning units (e.g., when 4 positioning units are set, the included angle is 90°).

[0061] When the main shaft 61 rotates, it drives all positioning units to rotate synchronously, realizing smooth rotation switching of the positioning units.

[0062] Based on this, in order to solve the problem of hard collision when the positioning unit docks with the three-point positioning component 3, and at the same time to ensure that the positioning unit quickly resets after the test is completed, the fixing plate 62 is axially movable on the main shaft 61 through the axial compensation component.

[0063] The axial compensation component includes a movable sleeve 63 and an axial elastic support 64. The movable sleeve 63 is made of stainless steel, and its inner diameter is clearance-fitted with the outer diameter of the main shaft 61 (the clearance is controlled within 0.02-0.05 mm).

[0064] This fitting method ensures that the movable sleeve 63 can slide smoothly along the axial direction relative to the main shaft 61 without any jamming.

[0065] The fixing plates 62 of all positioning units are fixed to the end face of the movable sleeve 63 in a circumferentially evenly distributed manner by bolts, ensuring that each positioning unit is subjected to balanced force.

[0066] The axial elastic support 64 is preferably a compression spring, which is sleeved on the outside of the main shaft 61. One end abuts against the limiting step on the main shaft 61, and the other end abuts against the inner end face of the movable sleeve 63, and the compression spring is in a pre-compressed state.

[0067] The pre-compression amount was determined to be 2-5mm after multiple tests. When the pre-compression amount is less than 2mm, the elastic restoring force is insufficient and cannot effectively reset the fixed plate 62. When it is greater than 5mm, the restoring force is too large, which will offset the thrust of the clamping mechanism 4 and affect the positioning accuracy.

[0068] The core principle of this axial compensation structure is to utilize the elastic restoring force of the pre-compressed spring to provide a continuous axial return tendency for the movable sleeve 63.

[0069] At the same time, the axial buffer adjustment of the fixed plate 62 is achieved through the clearance fit between the movable sleeve 63 and the main shaft 61.

[0070] During the positioning process, the clamping mechanism 4 pushes the floating base plate 1, causing the movable sleeve 63 to move along the main shaft 61 toward the three-point positioning component 3. The compression spring is further compressed to buffer the impact force of the collision and avoid positioning offset caused by hard contact.

[0071] After the test is completed, the clamping mechanism 4 is reset, and the elastic restoring force of the compression spring pushes the movable sleeve 63 to reset, moving the floating base plate 1 away from the three-point positioning component 3, reserving space for the next rotation.

[0072] This design is not simply a matter of stacking components, but rather a combination of "flexible adjustment + elastic reset" to solve the derivative problems of "no reset function after flexible connection and no buffering effect after rigid connection" in the basic solution, thus forming a closed-loop optimization.

[0073] Furthermore, the floating structure 2 and the axial elastic support 64 can be independently selected from compression springs, elastic sleeves, disc springs or tension springs, with different component selections adapting to different working conditions.

[0074] For lightweight positioning units, both the floating structure 2 and the axial elastic support 64 can be made of compression springs, which are low in cost and easy to assemble.

[0075] For positioning units with large weight (such as those bearing heavy components), disc springs can be selected for the axial elastic support 64. Disc springs have stronger load-bearing capacity and more stable deformation. At the same time, the floating structure 2 uses an elastic sleeve, which achieves buffering and angle adjustment through the elastic deformation of the sleeve itself, simplifying the structural design.

[0076] In scenarios requiring reverse tension for reset, the axial elastic support 64 can be replaced with a tension spring, which drives the movable sleeve 63 to reset via tension, adapting to special installation space requirements.

[0077] For example, for a fixed plate 62 weighing 1-2kg, a compression spring with a wire diameter of 1.5mm and an outer diameter of 20mm is selected as an axial elastic support 64, and the pre-compression amount is set to 3mm. This can meet the reset requirements without affecting the positioning stability, and the manufacturing cost increases by less than 8%.

[0078] Reference Figure 1As shown, based on the optimization of the positioning structure and the switching structure, for the collaborative detection scenario of multiple workstations and multiple workpiece types, in order to realize the synchronous switching of multiple quick-change positioning components S2 and further improve the working condition adaptation efficiency, the multi-component collaborative structure is optimized.

[0079] The quick-change positioning component S2 is provided in at least two units, and the quick-change positioning components S2 are synchronously switched through the synchronous transmission mechanism S3.

[0080] The two ends of the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 are respectively connected to the main shaft 61 of the adjacent quick-change positioning component S2 to ensure that the rotation angle and speed of each main shaft 61 are completely consistent.

[0081] This design enables the synchronous switching of multiple positioning units and precise alignment of corresponding detection positions, adapting to the needs of simultaneous detection of different workpieces at multiple workstations or synchronous maintenance and correction, further improving the efficiency of batch inspection and part changeover.

[0082] To adapt to the spatial positional relationship of the spindle 61 axis under different installation scenarios, the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 is adapted and set according to the spatial positional relationship between the spindle 61 axes of the adjacent quick-change positioning components S2.

[0083] When the axes of the main spindles 61 are parallel and collinear, the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 uses a coaxial coupling. The coaxial coupling adopts a rigid connection structure, which has high transmission accuracy and no backlash. It is suitable for compact layout scenarios where the axes are completely aligned, ensuring that the two main spindles 61 rotate synchronously without deviation.

[0084] When the axes of the main shafts 61 are parallel and not collinear, the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 is selected from synchronous belt assembly or chain transmission mechanism.

[0085] The synchronous belt assembly uses a combination of polyurethane synchronous belt and aluminum alloy pulley, which provides smooth transmission and low noise, and is suitable for medium and low speed, high precision synchronization scenarios.

[0086] Chain drive mechanisms are suitable for high-speed, heavy-load scenarios, have a stronger load-bearing capacity, and can be selected according to actual working conditions.

[0087] When the axes of the main shaft 61 intersect each other strictly at the design angle (such as 90° or 60°), the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 with intersecting axes uses a single set of bevel gear pairs.

[0088] The transmission ratio of a bevel gear pair is set according to the required speed. Power transmission between intersecting axes is achieved through gear meshing, resulting in a compact structure and high transmission efficiency.

[0089] When three or more main shafts 61 intersect circumferentially, the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 uses a linkage combination of multiple sets of bevel gear pairs. A driving bevel gear is set at the core position, and driven bevel gears are installed at the ends of each main shaft 61. The driving bevel gear meshes with all driven bevel gears at the same time, driving each main shaft 61 to rotate synchronously, which is suitable for multi-station circular layout scenarios.

[0090] When there is an installation deflection angle or coaxiality deviation between the axes of the main shaft 61 (such as axis offset or angle deviation caused by installation error), the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 shall select a deflection angle coupling, preferably a universal coupling or a cross shaft coupling.

[0091] This coupling can adapt to deflection angles within a certain range (usually 0-15°), compensating for transmission interference caused by installation errors and improving the fault tolerance of the solution.

[0092] The power input end of each synchronous transmission mechanism S3 is fixedly connected to the corresponding main shaft 61 to ensure the stability of power transmission.

[0093] Based on the above-mentioned optimized scheme of synchronous transmission mechanism S3, in order to further enhance the connection stability between the power input end and the main shaft 61 and avoid loosening of the connection due to long-term transmission, the connection method is further refined.

[0094] The power input end of the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 is connected to the main shaft 61 by a key connection, flange connection, or expansion sleeve connection.

[0095] Among them, the key connection is preferably a flat key connection, which has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble and assemble, and is suitable for medium and low speed and conventional load scenarios.

[0096] Flange connections achieve rigid connections through bolt fastening, resulting in high connection strength and good coaxiality. They are suitable for high-speed and heavy-load applications and can effectively prevent relative rotation during transmission.

[0097] The shrink sleeve connection eliminates the need to machine keyways on the spindle 61. The interference fit is achieved through the radial pressure of the shrink sleeve, resulting in minimal damage to the spindle 61 and high coaxiality accuracy, making it suitable for precision transmission applications.

[0098] The above connection method can be flexibly selected according to the type of synchronous transmission mechanism S3, working load and accuracy requirements to ensure the reliability and stability of power transmission.

[0099] When using the above-mentioned component finished product testing device for testing, the specific steps include: Step 1, loading: Place the component to be tested on the positioning carrier of any positioning unit, and initially limit the position of the component by the slot or positioning pin of the positioning carrier to ensure that the component does not shift during the rotation process.

[0100] The positioning accuracy of the positioning carrier is controlled within ±0.5mm, which meets the requirements for subsequent self-centering.

[0101] Step 2, Rotational Positioning: Start the drive motor, and drive the positioning unit to rotate around the main shaft 61 through the rotational structure. According to the preset program, the floating base plate 1 loaded with the parts to be tested is precisely aligned with the detection position of the fixed base S1. The rotational positioning accuracy is controlled within ±0.03mm.

[0102] When the device is equipped with at least two quick-change positioning components S2, the synchronous transmission mechanism S3 drives the main shaft 61 of each quick-change positioning component S2 to rotate synchronously, realizing the synchronous rotation of multiple positioning units and continuous alignment of the detection position, further improving the efficiency of component changing and detection.

[0103] Step 3, self-centering clamping: Start the clamping mechanism 4. The clamping mechanism 4 smoothly pushes the floating base plate 1 towards the three-point positioning component 3 along the positioning direction, and the thrust is controlled at 50-100N.

[0104] The floating base plate 1 and its components are positioned by using the triangular pyramidal positioning surface 5 on the floating base plate 1 in conjunction with the ball head 32 of the three-point positioning component 3 to achieve self-centering and accurately determine the position and orientation of the floating base plate 1 and its components.

[0105] At this point, the compression spring of the axial compensation component is further compressed, buffering the impact of the thrust.

[0106] Step 4, Finished Product Inspection: At the inspection station, visual inspection equipment, laser rangefinders, or dial indicators are used to inspect the dimensional accuracy and geometric tolerances of the self-centering parts, and the inspection data is recorded in real time.

[0107] Step 5, Unloading / Replacing Parts: After the inspection is completed, the clamping mechanism 4 resets in the opposite direction of the positioning, and the compression spring of the axial compensation component elastically returns, driving the floating base plate 1 away from the three-point positioning component 3.

[0108] The rotating structure rotates the positioning unit away from the detection position after inspection, completing the unloading of the inspected parts, or directly replacing the parts to be inspected on the positioning unit to enter the next inspection cycle; if it is necessary to change to workpieces of different specifications, the positioning carrier can be changed synchronously at the non-detection position without interrupting the main line inspection operation.

[0109] In summary, this component finished product testing device and testing method, through the coordinated operation of the fixed foundation S1, quick-change positioning component S2, three-point positioning component 3, clamping mechanism 4, and triangular pyramid positioning surface 5 defined by the basic scheme, has fundamentally solved the core problems of existing testing devices, such as cumbersome component replacement, low efficiency, and difficulty in balancing circulation and accuracy.

[0110] Furthermore, the design of each optimized cluster—the three-point positioning component cluster improves positioning accuracy and adaptability and reduces frictional loss through ball head contact and axial adjustment.

[0111] The rotating structure and axial compensation components work together with the movable sleeve and pre-compression spring to solve the problem of hard collisions, ensure reset stability, and adapt to positioning units of different weights.

[0112] Synchronous transmission mechanism clusters adapt to different axis relationships through multiple types of transmission methods, realize synchronous collaboration of multiple components, further improve the efficiency of component replacement and inspection, and enhance transmission reliability through diversified connection methods.

[0113] Through the synergistic effect of the weighted features of each cluster, a complete technical solution is formed, which includes "efficient component replacement, precise positioning, buffer protection, stable reset, and multi-scenario adaptation".

[0114] This solution breaks the conventional wisdom that "either part replacement efficiency or positioning accuracy must be sacrificed" in existing technologies. It is generally believed in existing technologies that rapid part replacement will inevitably lead to a decrease in positioning accuracy, and efficient circulation and accurate positioning are difficult to coordinate.

[0115] This solution, through the design of multiple positioning units rotating, division of labor positioning, and structural collaboration, not only achieves rapid part replacement and synchronous maintenance of workpieces of different specifications, but also ensures positioning accuracy and operational stability.

[0116] This design solves the long-standing technical problem in the field of "the difficulty in balancing part replacement efficiency and positioning accuracy".

[0117] The solution has a simple overall structure, is easy to assemble, and has controllable manufacturing costs. It can meet the testing needs of conventional parts and is also adaptable to multi-specification, high-efficiency, high-precision testing conditions and compact production line layouts.

[0118] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within its spirit and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A component finished product testing device, characterized in that, It includes a fixed base (S1) and a quick-change positioning assembly (S2). The quick-change positioning assembly (S2) includes at least two positioning units for carrying the parts to be tested, and a rotating structure that can drive all positioning units to rotate relative to the fixed base (S1). The rotating structure is used to undertake the station rotation and coarse positioning of the positioning units. The fixed base (S1) has a detection position, and the rotating structure is used to drive the positioning unit to align the floating base plate (1) with the detection position; The positioning unit includes a floating base plate (1), on which a positioning carrier for determining the position and orientation of the component is mounted. The floating base plate (1) is connected to the rotating structure through a floating structure (2), so that the floating base plate has an adaptive adjustment margin for position and angle. One side of the detection position has a three-point positioning member (3), and the other side has a clamping mechanism (4) that can move along the positioning direction and push the floating base plate (1) toward the three-point positioning member (3). The floating substrate (1) is equipped with three positioning surfaces (5). The three positioning surfaces (5) fit together in space to form a triangular pyramid structure that uniquely matches the three-point positioning component (3), so as to cooperate with the three-point positioning component (3) and the clamping mechanism (4) to determine the unique positioning center point, realize self-centering and determine the pose of the floating substrate (1). This results in a decoupled working relationship between coarse positioning flow and fine positioning clamping between the work station flow path of the rotating structure, the three-point positioning component (3) of the detection position, and the triangular pyramid positioning surface (5) of the floating substrate (1), and the positioning accuracy of the floating substrate (1) remains constant with the thrust of the clamping mechanism (4).

2. The component finished product testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-point positioning component (3) consists of three positioning pins (31) extending toward the detection position. The ends of the positioning pins (31) are equipped with three ball heads (32) that can independently abut against three positioning surfaces (5) on the floating base plate (1). The ball heads (32) are axially adjustable relative to the positioning pins (31) by means of an adjustment component (33).

3. The component finished product testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating structure includes a main shaft (61) that can rotate around its own axis, and a fixed plate (62) fixed on the main shaft (61). The floating base plate (1) is mounted on the fixed plate (62) through the floating structure (2). The fixed plate (62) and the floating base plate (1) of all positioning units are arranged at intervals around the axis of the main shaft (61) to cooperate with the rotation of the main shaft (61) to realize the rotation switching of the positioning units.

4. The component finished product testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed plate (62) is axially mounted on the main shaft (61) via an axial compensation member. The axial compensation member enables the fixed plate (62) and the floating base plate (1) to have a tendency to move away from the three-point positioning member (3).

5. The component finished product testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The axial compensation component includes: The movable sleeve (63) is axially slidable relative to the main shaft (61), and the fixing plates (62) of all the positioning units are circumferentially fixed on the movable sleeve (63); An axial elastic support (64) connects the main shaft (61) and the movable sleeve (63), enabling the movable sleeve (63) to have a tendency to move away from the three-point positioning member (3).

6. The component finished product testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The floating structure (2) and the axial elastic support (64) are each independently selected from compression springs, elastic sleeves, disc springs or tension springs.

7. The component finished product testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least two quick-change positioning components (S2) are provided. The quick-change positioning components (S2) are synchronously switched through a synchronous transmission mechanism (S3). The synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) is connected to the main shaft (61) of the adjacent quick-change positioning components (S2).

8. The component finished product testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) is adapted to the spatial positional relationship between the axes of the main shafts (61) of the adjacent quick-change positioning components (S2); When the axes of the main shaft (61) are parallel and collinear with each other, the synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) is a coaxial coupling; When the axes of the main shaft (61) are parallel to each other and not collinear, the synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) is a synchronous belt assembly or a chain transmission mechanism; When the axes of the main shafts (61) intersect each other strictly at the design angle, the synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) with the two axes intersecting is a single set of bevel gear pairs, and the synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) with the axes of three or more main shafts (61) intersecting circumferentially is a linkage combination of multiple sets of bevel gear pairs. When the axes of the main shafts (61) have installation deflection angles or coaxiality deviations, the synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) is a deflection angle coupling; the power input end of each synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) is fixedly connected to the corresponding main shaft (61).

9. A component finished product testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power input end of the synchronous transmission mechanism (S3) is connected to the main shaft (61) by a key connection, flange connection or expansion sleeve connection.

10. A method for inspecting finished parts, characterized in that, The component finished product testing device according to any one of claims 1-9 is used, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Loading: Place the part to be tested on the positioning carrier of any positioning unit, and initially define the position and orientation of the part through the positioning carrier; Step 2, Rotational Positioning: The rotational structure drives the positioning unit to rotate around the main shaft (61), so that the floating base plate (1) loaded with the parts to be tested is aligned with the detection position of the fixed base (S1); when the device is equipped with at least 2 quick-change positioning components (S2), the main shaft (61) of each quick-change positioning component (S2) is driven to rotate synchronously through the synchronous transmission mechanism (S3), so as to realize the synchronous rotation of multiple positioning units and the continuous alignment of the detection position; Step 3, self-centering clamping: The clamping mechanism (4) pushes the floating base plate (1) along the positioning direction to the three-point positioning component (3), and the three-point positioning component (3) cooperates with the triangular pyramid structure positioning surface (5) on the floating base plate (1) to achieve self-centering and determine the precise position of the floating base plate (1) and components. Step 4, Finished Product Inspection: Perform finished product inspection on the self-centering parts at the inspection station; Step 5, Unloading / Replacing: After the inspection is completed, the clamping mechanism (4) is reset, and the axial compensation component drives the floating base plate (1) away from the three-point positioning component (3). The positioning unit after inspection is rotated away from the inspection position through the rotation structure to complete unloading or replacement of the parts to be inspected.

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