A highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system, method, device and medium

Abstract

This application provides a system, method, equipment, and medium for optimizing glacier protection during highway construction and operation. The assessment and avoidance module acquires geographic environmental data and generates glacier protection zoning, highway alignment schemes, and optimized engineering schemes through glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms. Pollution control, heat mitigation, and ecological restoration modules generate corresponding prevention, mitigation, and restoration instructions based on the glacier protection zoning or the aforementioned schemes. The monitoring and control module integrates multi-source monitoring data and instruction execution data to generate implementation effectiveness evaluation results and optimization instructions, which are then distributed to the corresponding modules. Each execution module adjusts subsequent instructions according to the optimization instructions to achieve dynamic optimization of glacier protection during highway construction and operation. Using this method, various disturbances to glaciers caused by highway construction and operation can be accurately and efficiently reduced, continuously improving glacier protection effectiveness and providing a reference for ecological protection and sustainable development of major infrastructure construction in glacier areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of road engineering technology, and more specifically, to a system, method, equipment, and medium for optimizing glacier protection during highway construction and operation. Background Technology

[0002] Glaciers, as vital global solid water reservoirs and ecological barriers, maintain the hydrological cycle and ecological balance in high-altitude regions and play a crucial role in regulating the global climate system. With the intensification of global warming, glaciers are melting at an accelerated pace. Meanwhile, the increasing construction and operation of highways in high-altitude areas, including route selection, construction, and operation, further exacerbates the risk of glacier melting and may also trigger ecological pollution and geological disasters around glaciers, seriously threatening the safety of glacial ecosystems and regional sustainable development.

[0003] In existing technologies, to mitigate the adverse effects of highway construction and operation on glaciers, the method of artificially covering glaciers with high albedo materials is often used to increase the albedo of glaciers. By reducing the absorption of solar radiation by glaciers, the goal of slowing down glacier melting is achieved. This method is mainly used for glacier surface protection and is one of the more common glacier protection methods at present.

[0004] The aforementioned existing technologies have obvious shortcomings. They only take passive prevention and control measures for the single problem of glacier surface melting, lacking a holistic consideration of the entire life cycle of highway construction and operation. They cannot coordinately solve multi-dimensional glacier disturbance problems such as highway route avoidance, construction pollution, and thermal disturbance, resulting in limited protection scope and limited protection effect, making it difficult to fundamentally achieve coordinated development between highway construction and operation and glacier protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a system, method, equipment and medium for optimizing glacier protection during highway construction and operation, which can accurately and efficiently reduce various disturbances to glaciers caused by highway construction and operation, continuously improve the glacier protection effect, realize the coordinated development of highway construction and operation and glacier ecological protection, and ensure the safety of glacier ecosystems.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system, the system comprising: The assessment and avoidance module is used to acquire geographic environmental data, process the geographic environmental data through glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms, and generate glacier protection zoning, highway route selection schemes and engineering form optimization schemes. The pollution control module is used to generate a construction layout based on the glacier protection zoning, combine the environmental monitoring data of the construction area, generate pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model, and output the pollution prevention and control instructions and their execution results data to the monitoring and control module. The heat mitigation module is used to determine the heat-sensitive area according to the highway alignment scheme, combine energy consumption and heat impact monitoring data, generate heat mitigation instructions based on the heat disturbance assessment model, and output the heat mitigation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The ecological restoration module is used to determine restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combine glacier status monitoring data, generate restoration operation instructions based on the albedo change model, and output the restoration operation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The monitoring and control module is used to acquire multi-source monitoring data, receive instructions and execution result data output by each execution module, generate evaluation results containing the implementation effectiveness of each module and corresponding optimization instructions through a data analysis model, and send the optimization instructions to the corresponding execution modules respectively. The pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module are also used to adjust the subsequently generated instructions according to the received optimization instructions, so as to achieve dynamic optimization of the glacier protection effect during highway construction and operation.

[0007] Optionally, when the assessment and avoidance module processes the geographic environment data using glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms to generate glacier protection zoning, highway alignment schemes, and engineering form optimization schemes, it is specifically used for: Acquire high-resolution remote sensing images and topographic data to construct a basic database of glacier distribution; The glacier distribution database is input into the glacier change model to simulate glacier melting trends and predict the extent of glacier retreat. Spatial overlay analysis of the glacier retreat range and ecological sensitivity evaluation factors was performed to identify the distribution of glacier ecologically sensitive areas. Based on the distribution of the ecologically sensitive areas of the glacier, a glacier protection zoning map is generated, which includes prohibited construction areas, restricted construction areas, and permitted construction areas. Based on the glacier protection zone zoning map, highway route selection is optimized to generate an optimized engineering scheme.

[0008] Optionally, when the pollution control module is used to adjust the construction layout according to the glacier protection zoning and generate pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model in conjunction with environmental monitoring data of the construction area, it is specifically used for: Based on the distribution of prohibited and restricted construction zones in the glacier protection area, a construction layout plan is generated. Obtain real-time monitoring data on dust concentration, wastewater quality, and solid waste generation in the construction area; The real-time monitoring data is input into the pollutant migration model to simulate the pollutant migration path and sedimentation amount. Based on the simulation results of the migration path and sedimentation, pollution control instructions are generated, including dust control instructions, wastewater recycling instructions, and solid waste resource utilization instructions.

[0009] Optionally, when the heat mitigation module is used to determine the heat-sensitive area based on the highway alignment scheme, and generate heat mitigation instructions based on the heat disturbance assessment model by combining energy consumption and heat impact monitoring data, it is specifically used for: Based on the highway route selection scheme, identify sensitive road sections near the edge of glaciers and delineate heat-sensitive areas. Within the heat-sensitive area, acquire energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data of construction machinery and transportation equipment; The energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data are input into the thermal disturbance assessment model to calculate the thermal contribution value to the glacier region. Based on the heat contribution value, a heat mitigation instruction is generated, which includes construction layout optimization instructions and new energy machinery scheduling instructions.

[0010] Optionally, when the ecological restoration module is used to determine restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combine glacier status monitoring data, and generate restoration operation instructions based on the albedo change model, it is specifically used for: Based on the ecological threshold of the restricted construction area in the glacier protection zone, target values ​​for albedo enhancement and vegetation restoration coverage are determined as restoration targets. Acquire remote sensing data on glacier albedo and monitoring data on ice surface temperature; The remote sensing data of glacier albedo and the monitoring data of ice surface temperature are input into the albedo change model, and the required area of ​​cover material and snow enhancement operation are calculated according to the restoration target. Based on the paving area and snow enhancement operation volume, the restoration operation instruction is generated, which includes instructions for selecting artificial covering materials, instructions for the timing of artificial snow enhancement operations, and instructions for vegetation restoration construction.

[0011] Optionally, when the monitoring and control module is used to generate evaluation results containing the implementation effectiveness of each module and corresponding optimization instructions through a data analysis model, it is specifically used for: Data on glacier mass balance, hydrological data, meteorological data, and pollutant data are collected through an integrated monitoring network. The collected data is correlated and matched with the instructions output by each execution module and their corresponding execution results to form an evaluation dataset; Input the evaluation dataset into the data analysis model to calculate the evaluation indicators; Based on the comparison between the evaluation index and the preset threshold, the evaluation result and the optimization instruction are generated.

[0012] Optionally, the pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module are further configured to adjust subsequently generated instructions based on the received optimization instructions, including: The pollution control module is used to receive the pollutant migration model boundary condition adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the boundary conditions of the pollutant migration model, and regenerate the pollution prevention and control instruction according to the updated pollutant migration model. The heat mitigation module is used to receive the thermal disturbance evaluation model threshold adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the thermal sensitive area determination threshold of the thermal disturbance evaluation model, and regenerate the heat mitigation instruction according to the updated thermal disturbance evaluation model. The ecological restoration module is used to receive the albedo change model target value adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the restoration target parameters of the albedo change model, and regenerate the restoration operation instruction according to the updated albedo change model.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for optimizing glacier protection during highway construction and operation, applied to a system for optimizing glacier protection during highway construction and operation. The method includes: Geographic environmental data is acquired through the assessment and avoidance module. The geographic environmental data is then processed using glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms to generate glacier protection zoning, highway route selection schemes, and engineering form optimization schemes. The pollution control module generates a construction layout based on the glacier protection zone zoning, combines environmental monitoring data of the construction area, generates pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model, and outputs the pollution prevention and control instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The heat mitigation module determines the heat-sensitive area based on the highway alignment scheme, combines energy consumption and heat impact monitoring data, generates heat mitigation instructions based on the heat disturbance assessment model, and outputs the heat mitigation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The ecological restoration module determines restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combines glacier status monitoring data, generates restoration operation instructions based on the albedo change model, and outputs the restoration operation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The monitoring and control module acquires multi-source monitoring data and receives instructions and execution result data output by each execution module. The data analysis model generates evaluation results and corresponding optimization instructions that include the implementation effectiveness of each module, and sends the optimization instructions to the corresponding execution modules respectively. The pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module adjust the subsequently generated instructions according to the received optimization instructions, so as to achieve dynamic optimization of the glacier protection effect during the construction and operation of highways.

[0014] Optionally, the step of processing the geographic environmental data using glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms to generate glacier protection zoning, highway alignment schemes, and engineering form optimization schemes includes: Acquire high-resolution remote sensing images and topographic data to construct a basic database of glacier distribution; The glacier distribution database is input into the glacier change model to simulate glacier melting trends and predict the extent of glacier retreat. Spatial overlay analysis of the glacier retreat range and ecological sensitivity evaluation factors was performed to identify the distribution of glacier ecologically sensitive areas. Based on the distribution of the ecologically sensitive areas of the glacier, a glacier protection zoning map is generated, which includes prohibited construction areas, restricted construction areas, and permitted construction areas. Based on the glacier protection zone zoning map, highway route selection is optimized to generate an optimized engineering scheme.

[0015] Optionally, the step of adjusting the construction layout according to the glacier protection zoning, combining environmental monitoring data of the construction area, and generating pollution prevention and control instructions based on a pollutant migration model includes: Based on the distribution of prohibited and restricted construction zones in the glacier protection area, a construction layout plan is generated. Obtain real-time monitoring data on dust concentration, wastewater quality, and solid waste generation in the construction area; The real-time monitoring data is input into the pollutant migration model to simulate the pollutant migration path and sedimentation amount. Based on the simulation results of the migration path and sedimentation, pollution control instructions are generated, including dust control instructions, wastewater recycling instructions, and solid waste resource utilization instructions.

[0016] Optionally, the step of determining the heat-sensitive area based on the highway alignment scheme, combining energy consumption and thermal impact monitoring data, and generating a heat mitigation command based on a thermal disturbance assessment model includes: Based on the highway route selection scheme, identify sensitive road sections near the edge of glaciers and delineate heat-sensitive areas. Within the heat-sensitive area, acquire energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data of construction machinery and transportation equipment; The energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data are input into the thermal disturbance assessment model to calculate the thermal contribution value to the glacier region. Based on the heat contribution value, a heat mitigation instruction is generated, which includes construction layout optimization instructions and new energy machinery scheduling instructions.

[0017] Optionally, the step of determining restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combining glacier status monitoring data, and generating restoration operation instructions based on an albedo change model includes: Based on the ecological threshold of the restricted construction area in the glacier protection zone, target values ​​for albedo enhancement and vegetation restoration coverage are determined as restoration targets. Acquire remote sensing data on glacier albedo and monitoring data on ice surface temperature; The remote sensing data of glacier albedo and the monitoring data of ice surface temperature are input into the albedo change model, and the required area of ​​cover material and snow enhancement operation are calculated according to the restoration target. Based on the paving area and snow enhancement operation volume, the restoration operation instruction is generated, which includes instructions for selecting artificial covering materials, instructions for the timing of artificial snow enhancement operations, and instructions for vegetation restoration construction.

[0018] Optionally, the step of generating evaluation results and corresponding optimization instructions that include the implementation effectiveness of each module through a data analysis model includes: Data on glacier mass balance, hydrological data, meteorological data, and pollutant data are collected through an integrated monitoring network. The collected data is correlated and matched with the instructions output by each execution module and their corresponding execution results to form an evaluation dataset; Input the evaluation dataset into the data analysis model to calculate the evaluation indicators; Based on the comparison between the evaluation index and the preset threshold, the evaluation result and the optimization instruction are generated.

[0019] Optionally, adjusting subsequently generated instructions based on the received optimization instructions includes: The pollution control module receives the pollutant migration model boundary condition adjustment instruction from the optimization instruction, updates the boundary conditions of the pollutant migration model, and regenerates the pollution prevention and control instruction based on the updated pollutant migration model. The thermal mitigation module receives the thermal disturbance evaluation model threshold adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, updates the thermal sensitive area determination threshold of the thermal disturbance evaluation model, and regenerates the thermal mitigation instruction according to the updated thermal disturbance evaluation model. The ecological restoration module receives the albedo change model target value adjustment instruction from the optimization instruction, updates the restoration target parameters of the albedo change model, and regenerates the restoration operation instruction based on the updated albedo change model.

[0020] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a computer device, including: a processor, a memory, and a bus. The memory stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor. When the computer device is running, the processor communicates with the memory via the bus. When the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization method described in any of the optional embodiments of the second aspect above are executed.

[0021] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization method described in any of the optional embodiments of the second aspect above.

[0022] The technical solution provided in this application includes, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects: The assessment and avoidance module acquires geographic environmental data, processes the data using glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms, and generates glacier protection zoning, highway alignment schemes, and engineering optimization schemes. This enables precise positioning of glacier protection from the source of highway construction, clarifies the spatial constraints of glacier-sensitive areas, effectively avoids core sensitive areas of glaciers, reduces the direct disturbance of highway alignment to glaciers and the surrounding ecological environment, lays the foundation for the implementation of glacier protection measures in subsequent stages, and reduces the adverse impact of highway construction and operation on glaciers from the source.

[0023] The pollution control module adjusts the construction layout according to the glacier protection zoning, combines environmental monitoring data of the construction area, generates pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model, and outputs the instructions and execution results data to the monitoring and control module. This enables precise pollution prevention and control throughout the entire life cycle, making pollution prevention and control measures compatible with the hierarchical management requirements of the glacier protection zoning, effectively blocking the migration of pollutants such as dust, sewage, and waste to the glacier area, and providing the monitoring and control module with complete pollution prevention and control execution data to ensure the scientificity and accuracy of subsequent effectiveness evaluation.

[0024] The heat mitigation module determines heat-sensitive areas based on the highway alignment plan, combines energy consumption and thermal impact monitoring data, generates heat mitigation instructions based on the thermal disturbance assessment model, and outputs the instructions and execution results to the monitoring and control module. It can accurately identify key areas of thermal disturbance during highway construction and operation, formulate targeted heat mitigation measures, effectively reduce the thermal disturbance of glaciers caused by construction machinery energy consumption, exhaust emissions, and road surface thermal radiation, reduce glacier melting caused by changes in the thermal environment, and provide heat mitigation execution data to the monitoring and control module to support the full-process effectiveness evaluation.

[0025] The ecological restoration module determines restoration goals based on glacier protection zoning, combines glacier status monitoring data, generates restoration operation instructions based on albedo change models, and outputs the instructions and execution results to the monitoring and control module. This allows for precise matching of ecological restoration needs within glacier protection zoning, scientific setting of albedo improvement and vegetation restoration goals, and targeted restoration operations to improve the optical properties of the glacier surface, restore the ecological environment around the glacier, and slow down glacier melting. At the same time, it provides ecological restoration execution data to the monitoring and control module, ensuring that restoration effectiveness is monitorable and assessable.

[0026] The monitoring and control module acquires multi-source monitoring data, receives instructions and execution results from each execution module, generates evaluation results and optimization instructions through a data analysis model, and sends them to the corresponding execution modules. This enables data integration and effectiveness evaluation of the entire process of glacier protection in highway construction and operation, accurately grasps the implementation effect of protection measures in each module, and provides targeted optimization directions for each execution module. It constructs a closed-loop management of "monitoring-evaluation-control" to ensure the scientific nature and effectiveness of glacier protection measures.

[0027] The pollution control module, heat mitigation module, and ecological restoration module adjust the subsequently generated instructions based on the received optimization instructions, enabling dynamic adaptation of glacier protection measures. This allows pollution control, heat mitigation, and ecological restoration instructions to respond in real time to changes in the glacier's ecological environment and the effectiveness of protection measures, promptly optimizing technical parameters and operational requirements. This avoids a disconnect between protection measures and actual needs, continuously improving the effectiveness of glacier protection and ensuring the adaptability and sustainability of glacier protection measures throughout the entire process of highway construction and operation.

[0028] This application achieves glacier protection throughout the entire lifecycle of highway construction and operation through the coordinated cooperation of various modules. It forms a complete system from source avoidance, process control, post-restorement to dynamic optimization, effectively solving the problems of insufficient targeting, lack of coordination and dynamic adjustment capabilities of single protection measures. It can accurately and efficiently reduce various disturbances to glaciers caused by highway construction and operation, continuously improve the glacier protection effect, realize the coordinated development of highway construction and operation and glacier ecological protection, and ensure the safety of glacier ecosystems.

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This document shows a flowchart illustrating the execution steps of an evaluation and avoidance module provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the execution steps of a pollution control module according to Embodiment 1 of this application is shown; Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the execution steps of a heat mitigation module according to Embodiment 1 of this application is shown; Figure 5 This document shows a flowchart illustrating the execution steps of an ecological restoration module provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 6 This document shows a flowchart illustrating the execution steps of a monitoring and control module provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 7 A flowchart of an optimized method for glacier protection in highway construction and operation, provided in Embodiment 2 of this application, is shown. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in Embodiment 3 of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] Example 1 The glacier protection optimization system for highway construction and operation described in this application is built upon a technical system for glacier protection in highway construction and operation based on "full-process control, multi-technology collaboration, and hierarchical and categorized application." This technical system aims to mitigate anthropogenic thermal disturbance and control pollutant transmission, spanning the entire lifecycle of highway planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, post-assessment, and adaptive management. It achieves a three-dimensional integration of technologies from macro-planning to micro-engineering, and from pollution prevention and control to ecological restoration. The overall system adopts a "three-level—four-stage—five-module" architecture. The three levels are the strategic layer (policy and planning), the technical layer (key technologies), and the implementation layer (engineering projects). The five modules include a glacier sensitivity assessment and spatial avoidance module, a pollutant source control and process barrier module, a thermal effect mitigation and clean energy utilization module, a glacier surface protection and ecological restoration module, and a monitoring, assessment, and intelligent management module. It is supported by an implementation path of planning first, strict process control, operational collaboration, and dynamic optimization, as well as a guarantee mechanism of standard and specification support, a cross-departmental collaborative platform, economic incentive mechanisms, and technology research and development and training. Relying on long-term glacier observation data and measured data during highway construction, it ensures the scientific validity, practicality, and applicability of the technology.

[0034] See Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system provided in Embodiment 1 of this application is shown, wherein the system includes: The assessment and avoidance module 101 is used to acquire geographical environment data, process the geographical environment data through glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms, and generate glacier protection zoning, highway route selection schemes and engineering form optimization schemes.

[0035] Specifically, this module is a systematic implementation of the glacier sensitivity assessment and spatial avoidance module in the highway construction and operation glacier protection technology system. It belongs to one of the five modules of the technology system and is applied in the planning and design stage.

[0036] The technical foundation of this module is high-precision remote sensing interpretation methods, glacier change prediction models, GIS (Geographic Information System) spatial analysis, and ecological sensitivity assessment. Its core outputs are glacier protection zoning (prohibited construction areas, restricted construction areas, and permitted construction areas), highway route selection schemes, and engineering form optimization schemes (tunnels / open lines, bridges / roadbeds). These are completely consistent with the core deliverables of this module in the technical system and represent the core execution link of the "planning first" implementation path of the technical system.

[0037] The pollution control module 102 is used to adjust the construction layout according to the glacier protection zone zoning, combine the environmental monitoring data of the construction area, generate pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model, and output the pollution prevention and control instructions and their execution results data to the monitoring and control module.

[0038] This module corresponds to the pollutant source control and process barrier module in the technical system. It is one of the five modules. The technical foundation includes precise dust control methods, wastewater recycling technology, waste residue resource utilization technology, dust control nets and protective forest belts. The application phase focuses on the construction period and extends to the operation period. It is a key component of the technical system's "strict process control" and "operational collaboration" implementation path.

[0039] The pollution prevention and control instructions generated by this module are formulated around the core outputs of this module in the technical system. The core outputs include air pollution (especially black carbon and dust) prevention and control plans, "zero discharge" systems for production and domestic sewage, and solid waste classification, disposal and utilization pathways. The data of the instruction execution results will serve as an important basis for subsequent glacier protection technology assessments. The technology assessment follows four principles: systematicness, scientificity, applicability, and full life cycle.

[0040] The heat mitigation module 103 is used to determine the heat-sensitive area according to the highway alignment scheme, combine energy consumption and heat impact monitoring data, generate heat mitigation instructions based on the heat disturbance assessment model, and output the heat mitigation instructions and their execution result data to the monitoring and control module.

[0041] Specifically, this module corresponds to the thermal effect mitigation and clean energy utilization module in the technical system. It is one of the five modules. The technical foundation covers the "permanent and temporary combination" construction layout method, new energy machinery and transportation equipment, and low temperature exhaust gas treatment technology. It is applied during the construction and operation phases. The core objective is to achieve the overall core objective of "mitigating human thermal disturbance" in the highway construction and operation glacier protection technical system.

[0042] The core output of this module is consistent with the requirements of the module in the technical system, including the construction thermal disturbance minimization scheme, the clean utilization path of transportation energy, and the green and low-carbon maintenance technology package. The heat mitigation command execution data generated by it will be included in the warming mitigation effect dimension of the glacier protection technology assessment.

[0043] The ecological restoration module 104 is used to determine the restoration target based on the glacier protection zoning, combine glacier status monitoring data, generate restoration operation instructions based on the albedo change model, and output the restoration operation instructions and their execution result data to the monitoring and control module.

[0044] Specifically, this module corresponds to the glacier surface protection and ecological restoration module in the technical system. It is one of the five modules and its technical foundation includes artificial covering methods (geotextiles, nanomaterials), artificial snow enhancement (catalysis), vegetation restoration, and topsoil protection and utilization. It is applied during the construction and operation phases and is an important manifestation of the transformation of the technical system from "single measures" to "system governance".

[0045] The core output of this module matches the technical system requirements, including the selection and laying process of ice surface protection materials, the configuration of species for ecological restoration and construction methods, and seasonal protection emergency plans. Its execution results data are the core reference data for the warming mitigation effect dimension in the assessment of glacier protection technology. The overall assessment index system is divided into three dimensions: pollution prevention and control effect, warming mitigation effect and techno-economic efficiency.

[0046] The monitoring and control module 105 is used to acquire multi-source monitoring data, receive instructions and execution result data output by each execution module, generate evaluation results and corresponding optimization instructions containing the implementation effectiveness of each module through a data analysis model, and send the optimization instructions to the corresponding execution modules respectively.

[0047] Specifically, this module corresponds to the monitoring, evaluation, and intelligent management module in the technical system. It is one of the five modules and its technical foundation is the integrated air-space-ground monitoring technology (glacial material balance, hydrology, meteorology, and pollutants), intelligent environmental monitoring system, big data platform, and early warning model. It is applied to the entire life cycle of highways and is the core carrier of the "monitoring-evaluation-control" closed loop of the technical system.

[0048] The core output of this module is consistent with the requirements of the module in the technical system, including a database of glacier and highway environment, disaster early warning information, and post-evaluation results of the effectiveness of protection measures. The evaluation results generated are based on the evaluation index system of glacier protection technology for highway construction and operation constructed by the technical system. The comprehensive score will be classified into five technical levels: A, B, C, D, and E. 4-5 points is level A, 3-4 points is level B, 2-3 points is level C, 1-2 points is level D, and below 1 point is level E.

[0049] The pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module are also used to adjust the subsequently generated instructions according to the received optimization instructions, so as to achieve dynamic optimization of the glacier protection effect during highway construction and operation.

[0050] Specifically, the design fully aligns with the implementation path of the technology system, which is "planning first, strict process control, operational collaboration, and dynamic optimization." Through the long-term data accumulation of the monitoring and control module, the effectiveness of each technology module is regularly evaluated, and feedback is provided to optimize technical parameters and application strategies, thereby achieving a shift from passive response to proactive protection.

[0051] This dynamic optimization mechanism is a practical manifestation of the technical system's guarantee mechanism. It ensures that glacier protection technology is always adapted to the natural conditions and engineering characteristics of glacier areas, providing support for the green, low-carbon, and sustainable development of highway engineering in glacier areas.

[0052] In an optional implementation, see Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2The flowchart illustrates the execution steps of an assessment and avoidance module according to Embodiment 1 of this application. Specifically, when the assessment and avoidance module processes the geographical environment data using glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms to generate glacier protection zoning, highway alignment schemes, and engineering form optimization schemes, it executes steps S201-S205: S201: Acquire high-resolution remote sensing images and topographic data to construct a basic database of glacier distribution.

[0053] Specifically, this step is a fundamental prerequisite for using high-precision remote sensing interpretation methods in the technical system. High-precision remote sensing interpretation is one of the core technical foundations of the glacier sensitivity assessment and spatial avoidance module. The constructed basic database of glacier distribution provides accurate and comprehensive geographic environmental data support for subsequent glacier change simulation and GIS (Geographic Information System) spatial analysis, and is a prerequisite for carrying out glacier ecological sensitivity assessment.

[0054] Specific technical measures include: using Landsat series and Sentinel-2 optical remote sensing images, ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2) laser altimetry data, and 12.5m resolution DEM (Digital Elevation Model) topographic data to cover core geographic elements such as glacier extent, elevation, slope, and aspect; performing radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, geometric registration, and mosaic processing on the remote sensing images to eliminate the effects of clouds, shadows, and topographic distortion; and using PostgreSQL (PostgreSQL, an open-source relational database) + PostGIS (PostGIS, a spatial database extension module) to store glacier distribution vector data, topographic raster data, and time-series observation data, establishing data indexes and quality control rules to ensure data integrity and accessibility.

[0055] S202: Input the basic database of glacier distribution into the glacier change model to simulate the glacier melting trend and predict the glacier retreat range.

[0056] Specifically, this step relies on the glacier change prediction model in the technical system to carry out quantitative analysis. The glacier change prediction model is the core technical foundation of the glacier sensitivity assessment and spatial avoidance module. Through model calculation, it scientifically predicts the future melting trend and retreat range of glaciers. It is a key step in identifying ecologically sensitive areas of glaciers and provides data basis for subsequent spatial overlay analysis.

[0057] Specific technical approaches include: using a distributed energy balance model or a mass balance model, coupling temperature, precipitation, and radiation climate scenario data under different emission pathways from CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) to simulate the accumulation and melting of glacier mass; inputting glacier physical parameters, topographic parameters, and hourly meteorological forcing data to quantify glacier energy budget and mass balance; setting baseline, medium-emission, and high-emission scenarios to simulate the glacier melting rate and terminal retreat extent over the next 20-50 years, analyzing model parameter uncertainties using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the probability distribution of glacier retreat extent; and calibrating model parameters using long-term glacier observation data to control the deviation between simulation results and measured data within ±10%, thereby improving the reliability of prediction results.

[0058] S203: Spatial overlay analysis of the glacier retreat range and ecological sensitivity evaluation factors is performed to identify the distribution of glacier ecologically sensitive areas.

[0059] Specifically, this step integrates two core technologies in the technical system: GIS spatial analysis and ecological sensitivity assessment. It is the core analysis link of the glacier sensitivity assessment and spatial avoidance module. By combining the glacier retreat range with ecological sensitivity assessment factors through spatial overlay analysis, it can accurately locate the ecologically sensitive areas of glaciers and provide a direct basis for the subsequent delineation of glacier protection zones.

[0060] Specific technical measures include: selecting seven core evaluation factors, such as glacier type, distance from glacier edge, slope, aspect, vegetation cover, geological disaster risk, and hydrological sensitivity, to establish an ecological sensitivity evaluation index system; using the range standardization method to map the values ​​of each factor to the [0,1] interval to eliminate dimensional differences; combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert scoring to determine the weight of each factor; using GIS raster calculation tools to weightedly overlay the glacier retreat range raster with the raster of each evaluation factor to calculate the ecological sensitivity index, the formula of which is the sum of the products of the weights of each factor and the standardized values; and using the natural breakpoint method to divide the ecological sensitivity index into three levels: high-sensitivity area, medium-sensitivity area, and low-sensitivity area, to accurately locate ecologically sensitive areas.

[0061] S204: Generate a glacier protection zone map that includes prohibited construction zones, restricted construction zones, and permitted construction zones based on the distribution of the glacier's ecologically sensitive areas.

[0062] Specifically, this step is the core output of the glacier sensitivity assessment and spatial avoidance module. The generated glacier protection zone delineation map is one of the core results of the technical system planning and design phase. The delineation standards for prohibited construction zones, restricted construction zones, and permitted construction zones follow the overall principle of "hierarchical and classified application" of the technical system, and delineate clear spatial constraint boundaries for highway route selection and engineering construction.

[0063] Specific technical measures include: formulating differentiated zoning rules; prohibiting construction in the core glacier area, highly sensitive areas, the 500m buffer zone at the glacier terminus, and high-risk areas for ice avalanches and debris flows, strictly prohibiting engineering construction in these areas; restricting construction in the moderately sensitive areas and the 500-1000m buffer zone at the glacier edge, allowing only low-disturbance engineering projects such as tunnels and bridges, and limiting temporary land use and construction periods; and allowing construction in the low-sensitive areas and non-ecologically sensitive areas far from the glacier, where conventional roadbeds and open-cut roadways can be used. Using a scale of 1:50,000 to 1:100,000, with WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984) or CGCS2000 (China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000) as the coordinate system, layered mapping of glacier distribution, sensitive areas, and protected zoning boundaries is used, along with accompanying legends and data source descriptions. Through buffer zone analysis and vector clipping tools, the spatial extent and boundary coordinates of each zone are clearly defined, resulting in zoning outcomes that can be directly used for engineering design.

[0064] S205: Based on the glacier protection zone zoning map, optimize the highway route selection and generate an optimized engineering form scheme.

[0065] Specifically, this step is another core output of the glacier sensitivity assessment and spatial avoidance module. The generated engineering form optimization scheme includes the comparison and selection of engineering forms such as tunnel / open road and bridge / roadbed, which is fully matched with the core output requirements of the technical system planning and design stage. The route optimization results will serve as an important technical basis for the subsequent stages of highway construction.

[0066] Specific technical approaches include: employing NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) from the Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm to generate multiple alternative route options under the constraints of protected zoning, with the goals of minimizing ecological impact, reducing engineering costs, and maximizing operational safety; conducting a technical and economic comparison of engineering forms for each alternative route, with tunnel options focusing on evaluating ecological avoidance effects, construction difficulty, cost, and disaster resistance; bridge options focusing on evaluating advantages such as crossing meltwater channels, reducing land occupation, and freeze-thaw resistance design requirements; and roadbed / open-cut options only evaluating construction convenience and ecological restoration difficulty in buildable areas; and using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, scores the alternative schemes from four dimensions: ecological impact, technical feasibility, economic rationality, and risk controllability. The scheme with the highest comprehensive score and its supporting engineering forms are selected. Finally, an optimization report, an engineering form comparison table, and a horizontal and vertical profile design drawing are generated, which clarify the engineering forms and ecological protection requirements of each road section.

[0067] In an optional implementation, see Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The flowchart illustrates the execution steps of a pollution control module according to Embodiment 1 of this application. Specifically, when the pollution control module adjusts the construction layout based on the glacier protection zone zoning, combines environmental monitoring data of the construction area, and generates pollution prevention and control instructions based on a pollutant migration model, it executes steps S301-S304: S301: Generate a construction layout plan based on the distribution of prohibited and restricted construction areas in the glacier protection zone.

[0068] Specifically, this step implements the core idea of ​​pollutant source control in the technical system from the perspective of spatial layout. It is a key preliminary step in the pollutant source control and process barrier module. By avoiding sensitive areas such as glacier protection restricted construction zones, it reduces the interference of pollutants generated by construction activities on glaciers from the source, which is in line with the overall principle of "whole process control" of the technical system.

[0069] S302: Obtain real-time monitoring data on dust concentration, wastewater quality, and solid waste generation in the construction area.

[0070] Specifically, the indicators monitored in this step correspond to the three core pollution control targets in the technical system: air pollution (black carbon, dust), domestic and industrial wastewater, and solid waste. It is the basic data collection link for the pollution source control and process barrier module to carry out pollution control. The real-time monitoring data will serve as the input data for the pollutant migration model and also provide raw data for the subsequent calculation of indicators of pollution prevention and control effectiveness.

[0071] S303: Input the real-time monitoring data into the pollutant migration model to simulate the pollutant migration path and sedimentation amount.

[0072] Specifically, this step is the core analytical link in the process barrier of pollutants in the technical system. The simulation results of the pollutant migration model can clarify the diffusion and migration law of pollutants in the construction area and the amount of pollutant deposition in the glacier area, providing a scientific basis for formulating precise and targeted pollution prevention and control instructions. The simulation results will directly determine the specific content of instructions such as dust control, sewage treatment, and solid waste disposal.

[0073] S304: Based on the simulation results of the migration path and sedimentation, generate the pollution prevention and control instructions, which include dust control instructions, wastewater recycling instructions, and solid waste resource utilization instructions.

[0074] Specifically, the three types of instructions generated in this step correspond one-to-one with the core outputs of the pollutant source control and process isolation module in the technical system. The dust control instructions are formulated around the air pollution prevention and control plan, the wastewater recycling instructions rely on the "zero discharge" system design of production and domestic wastewater, and the waste residue resource utilization instructions match the requirements of solid waste classification, disposal and utilization pathways.

[0075] The instruction generation logic combines pollutant migration paths, deposition simulation results, and glacier protection zone zoning constraints to formulate targeted control requirements. The detailed generation method is as follows: Dust control directives were generated as follows: First, based on simulation results, the main dust diffusion direction, impact range, and subsidence hotspots in the glacier area were identified. Differentiated measures were then formulated for different areas: For upwind areas and work areas within 1km of the glacier, the directives required the use of low-dust, environmentally friendly explosives, dust suppression spraying within 15 minutes after blasting, and the deployment of mist cannons for real-time suppression; for tunnel construction areas, the directives specified the use of conveyor belts for waste disposal instead of vehicle transport, the installation of water curtain dust suppression devices every 500m inside the tunnel, and the addition of dust removal filters to the ventilation system; for fixed pollution sources such as mixing plants and crushed stone storage areas, the directives required the installation of fully enclosed enclosures and windbreak / dust suppression nets, and the deployment of intelligent environmental monitoring systems (monitoring TSP and PM2.5). 10 PM 2.5 When the concentration exceeds the preset threshold (TSP≥0.3mg / m³), dust suppression measures will be automatically activated; during construction in the snow season, the instructions additionally require that the working surface near the glacier be covered with dustproof cloth to prevent dust from settling directly on the snow and ice surface.

[0076] Wastewater recycling directives are generated based on simulated wastewater migration paths (such as the possibility of flowing into glacial meltwater channels or groundwater recharge areas) and pollutant concentrations. The directives specify requirements for the entire process of wastewater collection, treatment, and reuse. For production wastewater (including mud and equipment flushing water) from the construction area, the directives define catchment areas and establish ecological ditches and three-stage sedimentation tanks. A "coagulation-flocculation-inclined tube sedimentation-ultrafiltration" treatment process is required, and the treated water must meet the following standards for reuse: SS ≤ 10 mg / L and petroleum hydrocarbons ≤ 0.5 mg / L. For domestic sewage, the directives require the construction of integrated wastewater treatment plants using the MBBR biochemical treatment process to ensure effluent COD ≤ 50 mg / L and ammonia nitrogen ≤ 5 mg / L, for reuse in camp greening and road dust suppression. For bridge and road surface runoff, the directives require the installation of diversion networks and emergency accident pools, and the densification of collection facilities in sensitive areas such as glacial lakes and water sources to prevent disorderly runoff and achieve a closed loop of "collection-treatment-reuse."

[0077] The instructions for the resource utilization of waste are generated as follows: Based on the simulated risks of dust diffusion and soil pollution that may be generated from waste dumping, combined with the composition of waste (rock type, mud content) and glacier protection zoning, the instructions clarify the requirements for waste disposal. For waste that can be recycled (such as crushed stone and boulders), the instructions designate fixed dumping areas (more than 500m away from the glacier edge and not in groundwater recharge areas), require classified dumping and covering with dustproof cloth, and simultaneously plan resource utilization paths (for roadbed filling, concrete aggregate, brick making, etc.), and specify the reuse ratio (reuse rate of crushed stone waste ≥90%). For waste that cannot be recycled (such as waste soil and waste mud containing pollutants), the instructions require the use of a harmless disposal method of "impermeable membrane paving + layered compaction + vegetation covering", setting up an interception and drainage system to prevent leaching water from polluting the soil and groundwater, and specifying that the site selection of waste dumps must avoid the predicted range of glacier retreat and ecologically sensitive areas.

[0078] The effectiveness of dust control directives will be quantitatively evaluated using the dust dispersion reduction rate index, as shown in the formula: ,in, To reduce dust dispersion rate, The dust generation coefficient is the coefficient of dust generation. The dust reduction coefficient is a five-level scoring method: >80% is 5 points, 60-80% is 4 points, 40-60% is 3 points, 20-40% is 2 points, and <20% is 1 point. The data sources are particulate matter monitoring data, local dust generation coefficient, and reduction coefficient.

[0079] Dust control should also consider the control effects of black carbon and water-soluble ions. The formula for the black carbon deposition inhibition rate is: ,in, For the black carbon deposition inhibition rate, Black carbon deposition flux on glacier surface (ng / cm²) a or μg / m² d), This represents the black carbon deposition flux value within the technical protection zone. The values ​​represent the black carbon deposition flux in the background control area during the same period. The data source is the analysis of aerosol and snow / ice samples.

[0080] The formula for controlling the concentration of water-soluble ions is: ,in, For the water-soluble ion concentration control rate, For Ca in the atmosphere or surface snow and ice of the protected area 2+ NO3 - SO4² - The mass concentration (μg / m³ or ng / g) of water-soluble ions. The values ​​represent the mass concentrations (μg / m³ or ng / g) of corresponding water-soluble ions in the atmosphere or surface snow and ice of the upwind control area. The data source is aerosol ion chromatography analysis.

[0081] The effectiveness of the wastewater recycling directive is quantitatively evaluated through the wastewater reuse rate and the effluent quality compliance rate. The formula for the wastewater reuse rate is: ,in For wastewater reuse rate, The volume (m³) of water that has been treated and reused for production, landscaping, dust suppression, etc. The total treated water volume (m³) of the wastewater treatment facility is 100%. The five-level scoring standard for this indicator is as follows: 100% is 5 points, 95%-100% is 4 points, 90%-95% is 3 points, 80%-90% is 2 points, and <80% is 1 point. The data source is the wastewater treatment plant operation log and water volume measurement data.

[0082] The formula for the effluent water quality compliance rate is: ,in To ensure the effluent water quality meets standards, The number of times that the effluent water quality (such as SS (Suspended Solids), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and petroleum hydrocarbons) meets the predetermined standards within the monitoring period. This refers to the total number of times the effluent water quality was monitored within the monitoring period. The five-level scoring standard for this indicator is as follows: 100% is 5 points, 95%-100% is 4 points, 90%-95% is 3 points, 85%-90% is 2 points, and <85% is 1 point. The data source is the water quality monitoring report.

[0083] In an optional implementation, see Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The flowchart illustrates the execution steps of a heat mitigation module according to Embodiment 1 of this application. Specifically, when the heat mitigation module determines a heat-sensitive area based on the highway alignment scheme, combines energy consumption and thermal impact monitoring data, and generates a heat mitigation command based on a thermal disturbance assessment model, it executes steps S401-S404: S401: Based on the highway route selection scheme, identify sensitive road sections near the edge of glaciers in the route selection and delineate heat-sensitive areas.

[0084] Specifically, this step focuses on the core objective of "minimizing construction thermal disturbance" in the thermal effect mitigation and clean energy utilization module of the technical system. By delineating thermally sensitive areas, the key control scope of thermal mitigation is clarified, and precise spatial positioning of glacier thermal protection is achieved. The delineation results follow the principle of "graded and classified application" of the technical system, and different thermal mitigation measures will be matched to road sections with different thermal sensitivity levels.

[0085] Specific technical measures include: using GIS (Geographic Information System) spatial analysis tools, overlaying glacier boundary vector data, route selection plane coordinate data, and measured range of highway heat diffusion (20-30m from the roadside) to identify road sections within 1000m of the glacier edge as potentially sensitive road sections; constructing a heat sensitivity level evaluation system by combining factors such as glacier type (continental / oceanic), glacier retreat rate (average retreat over the past 10 years), and terrain slope (≥25° is high risk); using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the weight of each factor, calculating the heat sensitivity index through weighted summation, and dividing the area into high-sensitivity zones (≤500m from the glacier edge, retreat rate ≥0.5m / year), medium-sensitivity zones (500-800m, retreat rate 0.2-0.5m / year), and low-sensitivity zones (800-1000m, retreat rate <0.2m / year) according to the natural breakpoint method, and clarifying the intensity of heat mitigation control in each area.

[0086] S402: Within the heat-sensitive area, acquire energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data of construction machinery and transportation equipment.

[0087] Specifically, the indicators monitored in this step are the core monitoring contents of the thermal effect mitigation in the technical system, which directly reflect the main sources of thermal disturbance during the construction and operation phases. Energy consumption data and exhaust emission data correspond to the application effects of new energy machinery and transportation equipment, while road surface temperature data reflects the impact of road surface thermal radiation on glaciers. These data are both input data for the thermal disturbance assessment model and raw data for subsequent assessment of the warming mitigation effect dimension.

[0088] Specific technical measures include: deploying one integrated monitoring station every 2km along the heat-sensitive area, equipped with an infrared temperature sensor (measurement accuracy ±0.1℃) to collect road surface temperature in real time, with a data sampling frequency of 10 minutes / time; installing intelligent energy consumption monitoring terminals on construction machinery (excavators, loaders, and transport vehicles) to record fuel consumption (unit: L / h), working hours, and work location, while simultaneously monitoring power consumption (unit: kWh) for new energy equipment; installing remote exhaust emission monitoring terminals (OBD, On-Board Diagnostics) on transport vehicles to collect real-time black carbon (BC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission concentrations and driving trajectories; and transmitting road surface temperature, energy consumption, and exhaust data to a smart monitoring platform via 4G / 5G networks for data cleaning, outlier removal, and standardization to ensure data integrity.

[0089] S403: Input the energy consumption data, exhaust emission data and road surface temperature monitoring data into the thermal disturbance assessment model to calculate the thermal contribution value to the glacier area.

[0090] Specifically, this step quantifies the impact of various thermal disturbance sources on glaciers through a thermal disturbance assessment model, providing a scientific numerical basis for formulating differentiated and targeted thermal mitigation instructions. This aligns with the scientific principles of technical system assessment, and the calculation results of the thermal contribution value will serve as the basis for classifying thermal disturbance levels, with different levels matched with different thermal mitigation technical measures.

[0091] Specific technical methods include: employing a composite evaluation model combining a coupled thermal diffusion model and a glacier energy balance model. Input parameters include standardized energy consumption data (converted to thermal emission intensity W / m²), exhaust emission concentration (converted to thermal radiation enhancement coefficient), road surface temperature data, and auxiliary data on topography (slope, aspect) and meteorology (wind speed, air temperature). The model calculates the thermal contribution value separately for the construction period (mechanical operation heat + exhaust heat + road surface heat dissipation) and the operation period (vehicle exhaust heat + road surface heat dissipation), using the following formula: (in For thermal contribution value, For the first Thermal emission intensity of disturbance sources (This refers to the topographic and meteorological correction coefficient); based on the magnitude of the heat contribution value, thermal disturbance is divided into three levels: high level ( >500W / m², medium grade (300~500W / m²), low grade (<300W / m²), corresponding to different combinations of heat mitigation measures.

[0092] S404: Based on the heat contribution value, generate the heat mitigation instruction, which includes construction layout optimization instructions and new energy machinery scheduling instructions.

[0093] Specifically, both types of instructions generated in this step rely on the core technologies of the thermal effect mitigation and clean energy utilization module within the technical system. The construction layout optimization instruction is based on the "permanent-temporary combined" construction layout method, while the new energy machinery dispatch instruction is designed around the application of new energy machinery and transportation equipment. These two types of instructions cover the construction and energy aspects respectively, achieving comprehensive mitigation of the glacial thermal effect. Specific technical means include: 1. Construction layout optimization instructions: For high-level thermal disturbance areas, the instructions require the use of existing facilities (such as abandoned mine pits and existing access roads) to renovate and expand the construction site, and the selection of sites for mixing plants and prefabrication yards to be ≥800m away from the edge of the glacier; the construction operation red line is limited, and physical barriers (≥2.5m high) are used to isolate the operation area from the glacier area, and equipment is strictly prohibited from crossing the boundary; the construction access road adopts a "permanent and temporary combination" mode, utilizing the slope platform or existing road within the main line land acquisition area to reduce the thermal disturbance range of temporary land use; 2. Generation of New Energy Machinery Dispatch Instructions: In high-level thermal disturbance areas, the replacement ratio of new energy machinery should be ≥80%. Electric excavators and electric loaders should be given priority in construction machinery, and electric belt conveyors (inside tunnels) or electric transport vehicles should be used for transportation. New energy buses should be used for commuting. The operation time should avoid the high-temperature period during the day (10:00-16:00) to reduce the peak heat emission of machinery. Electric boilers should be used instead of coal boilers for heating in the mixing plant and construction site, and 100% clean energy should be used. In an optional implementation, see Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The flowchart illustrates the execution steps of an ecological restoration module according to Embodiment 1 of this application. Specifically, when the ecological restoration module determines restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combines glacier status monitoring data, and generates restoration operation instructions based on an albedo change model, it executes steps S501-S504: S501: Based on the ecological threshold of the restricted construction area in the glacier protection zone, determine the target values ​​for albedo enhancement and vegetation restoration coverage as restoration targets.

[0094] Specifically, the restoration targets set in this step closely align with the two core directions of the glacier surface protection and ecological restoration modules in the technical system. The albedo improvement target corresponds to glacier surface protection, while the vegetation coverage restoration target corresponds to ecological restoration around the glacier. The setting of the ecological threshold for restricted construction areas follows the principle of "full-process control and graded and classified application" in the technical system. The restoration target value will serve as the core input parameter for the albedo change model.

[0095] Specific technical means include: extracting ecological threshold parameters such as glacier melting rate, surface exposure, and ice surface pollution level in restricted construction areas based on GIS (Geographic Information System) spatial analysis; setting restoration targets according to high, medium, and low sensitivity zones; with albedo improvement targets of no less than 0.15 and vegetation restoration coverage of no less than 85% in high sensitivity zones; albedo improvement targets of no less than 0.10 and vegetation restoration coverage of no less than 75% in medium sensitivity zones; and albedo improvement targets of no less than 0.05 and vegetation restoration coverage of no less than 65% in low sensitivity zones. The target values ​​are then accurately verified based on on-site measurement conditions.

[0096] S502: Acquire remote sensing data on glacier albedo and monitoring data on ice surface temperature.

[0097] Specifically, the glacier albedo and ice surface temperature monitored in this step are the core indicators affecting glacier melting. Glacier albedo is the most sensitive variable driving the energy balance of glacier melting, and ice surface temperature directly reflects the glacier melting state. The monitoring data provides a real and accurate glacier state input for the albedo change model. The data source is consistent with the data source of the glacier albedo improvement value indicator in the technical assessment, which is field measurement by a portable ground object spectrometer or remote sensing data.

[0098] Specific technical measures include: using Sentinel-3 satellite remote sensing data to retrieve large-scale glacier albedo; deploying automated glacier monitoring towers in key glacier areas; equipping them with high-precision infrared thermometers to collect ice surface temperature data in real time; simultaneously using the FieldSpec Handheld 2 portable ground object spectrometer to conduct ground-based calibration measurements; and performing spatiotemporal matching, outlier removal, and noise elimination on remote sensing data and ground-measured data to ensure that the data accuracy of the input model meets the requirements.

[0099] S503: Input the glacier albedo remote sensing data and the ice surface temperature monitoring data into the albedo change model, and calculate the required area of ​​cover material and snow enhancement operation volume according to the restoration target.

[0100] Specifically, this step relies on the albedo variation model to quantify the specific operational parameters for glacier surface protection, providing accurate operational data for the implementation of core technologies such as artificial covering (geotextiles, nanomaterials) and artificial snow enhancement (catalysis) in the technical system. The calculation results follow the applicability principle of technical assessment and fully combine the natural conditions of the glacier area and the characteristics of engineering construction.

[0101] Specific technical means include: coupling albedo and ice surface temperature data with meteorological data such as air temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation, integrating them into the albedo change model and coordinating with COSIPY (Coupled Snowpack and Ice Surface Energy and Mass Balance Model) calculations; calculating the laying area and thickness of high albedo cover materials in different regions based on the preset albedo enhancement target; and adjusting the snow enhancement operation volume in combination with glacier topography slope and wind field conditions to determine the snow enhancement demand per unit area and the total operation volume for different regions.

[0102] S504: Based on the paving area and snow enhancement operation volume, generate the repair operation instruction, which includes instructions for selecting artificial covering materials, instructions for the timing of artificial snow enhancement operations, and instructions for vegetation restoration construction.

[0103] Specifically, the three types of instructions generated in this step are highly compatible with the technical foundation and core outputs of the glacier surface protection and ecological restoration module in the technical system. The instruction for selecting artificial cover materials corresponds to the selection and laying process of ice surface protection materials; the instruction for the timing of artificial snow enhancement operations matches the application requirements of artificial snow enhancement (catalysis) technology; and the instruction for vegetation restoration construction revolves around the configuration of species for ecological restoration and the formulation of construction methods. The specific technical means (i.e., the instruction generation method) are as follows: the entire process combines the operational parameters calculated by S503, the restoration goals of S501, and the natural conditions of the glacier area to ensure that the instructions can be implemented: 1. Generation of instructions for selecting artificial cover materials: First, based on the paving area calculated by S503, the glacier sensitivity level (high / medium / low), and the glacier topography (slope, wind field intensity), combined with the core technical requirements of the "artificial cover method" in the technical system, instructions are generated for targeted selection—for high-sensitivity areas (albedo improvement target ≥0.15), the instructions clearly state the selection of high-albedo nano-insulating composite materials (albedo ≥0.85), the paving area strictly matches the S503 calculated value, the paving thickness is clearly specified to be ≥0.5mm, the overlap width is ≥50cm, and wind-resistant anchors are used for fixing (spacing ≤1.5m). To avoid wind erosion damage; in moderately sensitive areas (albedo improvement target 0.10~0.15), the instructions specify the use of high albedo geotextiles (albedo ≥0.80), with a 10% redundancy reserved for the laying area based on the S503 calculation value, adapting to the local topographical undulations of the glacier; in low-sensitive areas (albedo improvement target 0.05~0.10), the instructions specify the use of conventional high albedo covering materials, simplifying the laying process while ensuring the integrity of the coverage. At the same time, the instructions specify the material laying sequence (prioritizing completion before the glacier melt period, avoiding heavy rain and strong winds), and require on-site acceptance to be completed within 24 hours after laying to ensure the quality of laying.

[0104] 2. Generation of Artificial Snow Enhancement Operation Timing Instructions: Based on the snow enhancement operation volume calculated by S503, combined with the meteorological conditions of the glacier area, ice surface temperature (S502 monitoring data), and the technical requirements of the "Artificial Snow Enhancement (Catalysis)" system, precise operation timing and operation instructions are generated. The instructions specify that the operation time is limited to the low-temperature period at night (22:00-06:00 the next day), when the ice surface temperature is ≤-2℃ and the wind speed is <3m / s, to avoid the rapid melting of the snow layer due to high temperatures and to improve the snow retention rate. The instructions specify that the snow enhancement operation is carried out in zones, according to the operation volume of each area calculated by S503, using condensation catalysis snow enhancement technology (using environmentally friendly catalysts to avoid polluting the glacier), and completing the snow enhancement operation in batches. After each batch of operation, the snow layer thickness is monitored to ensure that the deviation between the actual snow enhancement volume and the calculated value is ≤10%. At the same time, the instructions limit the frequency of snow enhancement operations (no more than 3 times per month) to avoid the peak period of glacier meltwater and prevent excessive snow melting from causing secondary disasters. Meteorological data and snow enhancement volume data are recorded simultaneously during the operation and fed back to the monitoring and control module.

[0105] 3. Vegetation Restoration Construction Instruction Generation: Based on the vegetation restoration coverage target set in S501, the ecological conditions around the glacier (soil type, precipitation, temperature), and the core technical requirements of the "vegetation restoration" technical system, targeted construction instructions are generated. These instructions specify species selection, prioritizing native, cold-resistant, and drought-resistant grasses of the glacier area (such as *Stipa purpurea* and *Poa annua*), prohibiting the introduction of alien species, and adjusting the species ratio according to the sensitivity level of the restricted construction area (100% native grasses in highly sensitive areas, and a small amount of companion grasses in medium- and low-sensitivity areas). The instructions also specify the construction process, employing "in-situ topsoil stripping and preservation..." The process involves "soil preservation - soil improvement - hydraulic hydroseeding," with a topsoil stripping thickness of ≥30cm, an improved soil organic matter content of ≥2%, and a hydroseeding thickness adjusted according to the vegetation restoration coverage target (≥5cm in highly sensitive areas). The instructions specify the construction sequence (selecting the warm summer period, with temperatures ≥5℃ and stable precipitation), and cover the construction sites and slope areas around the glacier associated with S503. The instructions also require the installation of protective fences after construction, regular watering and maintenance (using filtered glacial meltwater for irrigation), ensuring vegetation survival rate, and simultaneously monitoring vegetation coverage until the preset restoration target is achieved.

[0106] The effectiveness of these commands is quantified through technical assessments of the glacier ablation mitigation rate and the increase in glacier albedo, representing the warming mitigation effect. The formula for the glacier ablation mitigation rate is: ,in To slow down the rate of glacial melt, For the glacier mass balance of the protected area (mm we (water equivalent)). The mass balance of the glaciers in the control area is shown in mm we.

[0107] The formula for the increase in glacier albedo is: ,in This represents the increase in glacier albedo. For the albedo of the glaciers in the protected area, The albedo of the control area is used to explain the reason for the slowdown in glacier melting from a physical mechanism perspective, and directly measures the degree to which technologies such as artificial cover and artificial snow enhancement improve the optical properties of the glacier surface.

[0108] In an optional implementation, see Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The flowchart illustrates the execution steps of a monitoring and control module according to Embodiment 1 of this application. Specifically, when the monitoring and control module generates an evaluation result containing the implementation effectiveness of each module and corresponding optimization instructions through a data analysis model, it executes steps S601 to S604: S601: Collect glacier mass balance data, hydrological data, meteorological data, and pollutant data through an integrated monitoring network.

[0109] Specifically, this step relies on the integrated air-space-ground monitoring technology in the technical system to carry out multi-dimensional data collection. This technology is the core technical foundation of the monitoring, assessment and intelligent management module. The collected data on glacier material balance, hydrology, meteorology and pollutants cover the glacier's own state, surrounding environment and pollution situation, accumulating core basic information for the glacier and highway environment database, and is also the core data source for subsequent technical assessment.

[0110] S602: The collected data is correlated and matched with the instructions output by each execution module and their corresponding execution result data to form an evaluation dataset.

[0111] Specifically, this step clarifies the correlation between the technical measures of each module and changes in the glacier environment through data correlation and matching. It is a concrete manifestation of the systematic principle of technical assessment. The resulting assessment dataset integrates the original monitoring data and command execution data, providing complete and systematic data support for subsequent quantitative assessment. The construction of the dataset follows the principle of full life cycle assessment of the technical system.

[0112] S603: Input the evaluation dataset into the data analysis model to calculate the evaluation index.

[0113] Specifically, the evaluation indicators calculated in this step correspond to the three core dimensions of glacier protection technology evaluation in the technical system: pollution prevention and control effect, warming mitigation effect, and techno-economic efficiency. The technical system, in conjunction with expert scoring, determines the reference weights of the three dimensions as 0.4, 0.4, and 0.2, which can be adjusted according to the specific project stage.

[0114] The evaluation index system for highway construction and operation glacier protection technology, which is the basis for this step, is shown in Table 1 below, which clarifies the scoring methods and data sources for each index:

[0115] Table 1 The score for each dimension is calculated based on Table 1, using the following formula: ,in, For the first Scores in each dimension To assign weights to indicators within a dimension, an equal-weighting method is typically used, or key indicators are assigned higher weights based on the project's specific circumstances. For the first The scores are determined by a five-level scoring system for each indicator.

[0116] The core evaluation indicator for the techno-economic dimension is the cost-benefit ratio, and the formula is: In this indicator, BCR (Benefit-Cost Ratio) represents the cost-benefit ratio, PV(B) represents the present value of benefits, and PV(C) represents the present value of costs. Benefits include the value of water resources (the amount of water resources protected × the water price), the value of disaster risk reduction (losses avoided due to glacial lake outbursts, floods, etc.), and the value of ecosystem services. Costs are the life-cycle costs of the protection technology (construction, maintenance, and emergency response). The five-level scoring standard for this indicator is as follows: >1.5 = 5 points, 1.2-1.5 = 4 points, 1.0-1.2 = 3 points, 0.8-1.0 = 2 points, and <0.8 = 1 point. The data sources are cost data, hydrological data, and disaster risk assessment results.

[0117] After the scores for each dimension are calculated, the comprehensive score for the calculation technique is calculated using the following formula: ,in, For the overall score, For the first The weights for each dimension are: pollution control effect 0.4, warming mitigation effect 0.4, and techno-economic efficiency 0.2. For the first The scores are calculated in each dimension; the overall score will be used to determine the technical level according to a five-level standard: 4-5 points is level A, 3-4 points is level B, 2-3 points is level C, 1-2 points is level D, and below 1 point is level E.

[0118] S604: Based on the comparison results between the evaluation index and the preset threshold, generate the evaluation result and the optimization instruction.

[0119] Specifically, the evaluation results generated in this step correspond to the core output of the monitoring, evaluation and intelligent management module in the technical system—the post-evaluation results of the effectiveness of protection measures. The evaluation results will present in detail the implementation effectiveness of each module, the scores of each evaluation indicator, the comprehensive technical level and existing problems, providing a basis for optimizing glacier protection technology.

[0120] The generated optimization instructions are the core embodiment of the "dynamic optimization" implementation path of the technical system. The instructions are formulated based on the comparison results between evaluation indicators and preset thresholds. For the technical modules corresponding to indicators that have not reached the thresholds, specific parameter adjustments and optimization requirements are proposed to ensure that glacier protection technical measures always adapt to actual protection needs, achieving closed-loop management of "monitoring-evaluation-control". Specific technical means are as follows: Evaluation results generation: Integrating the scores of each dimension calculated by S603, the overall level and multi-source monitoring data, the effectiveness of each module implementation, the indicators that did not reach the threshold and the root causes of the problems are clarified and presented in a combination of text and graphics, with the data source explanation attached, forming a complete post-evaluation result of the effectiveness of protection measures.

[0121] Optimization instruction generation: By comparing each assessment indicator with the preset threshold, targeted optimization instructions are generated for the technical modules corresponding to the indicators that do not meet the standards. The pollution control module optimizes the boundary conditions of the pollutant migration model, the heat mitigation module adjusts the threshold of the thermal disturbance assessment model, and the ecological restoration module updates the restoration target of the albedo change model. The instructions clarify the parameter adjustment range and implementation time limit, thus improving the closed loop of "monitoring-assessment-control".

[0122] In an optional implementation, the pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module are further configured to adjust subsequently generated instructions based on the received optimization instructions, including: The pollution control module is used to receive the pollutant migration model boundary condition adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the boundary conditions of the pollutant migration model, and regenerate the pollution prevention and control instruction according to the updated pollutant migration model.

[0123] Specifically, this adjustment method improves the accuracy of pollutant migration path and deposition simulation by optimizing the boundary conditions of the pollutant migration model, ensuring that pollution prevention and control instructions always adapt to the actual pollution prevention and control needs of the glacier reserve, implementing the applicability principle of the technical system assessment, and updating the model boundary conditions based on the assessment results of various indicators in the pollution prevention and control effect dimension, optimizing the model parameters for indicators with lower scores.

[0124] Specific technical measures include: for indicators that do not meet the standards, such as dust diffusion reduction rate and black carbon deposition inhibition rate, adjusting the dust diffusion coefficient and black carbon deposition attenuation coefficient in the model, expanding the simulation range of high pollution risk areas, updating and resimulating pollutant migration paths and deposition amounts, and simultaneously optimizing the content of prevention and control instructions such as dust deposition frequency and sewage treatment process parameters.

[0125] The thermal mitigation module is used to receive the thermal disturbance evaluation model threshold adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the thermal sensitive area determination threshold of the thermal disturbance evaluation model, and regenerate the thermal mitigation instruction according to the updated thermal disturbance evaluation model.

[0126] Specifically, this adjustment method makes the thermal disturbance assessment model more closely match the dynamic changes in the thermal environment of glacier areas, ensuring the pertinence and effectiveness of thermal mitigation instructions, matching the dynamic optimization requirements of the technical system, and updating the threshold for judging thermally sensitive areas based on the assessment results of the warming mitigation effect dimension. For areas where the glacier melting mitigation rate and albedo increase value do not meet the standards, the thermal sensitivity level is increased and the threshold is optimized.

[0127] Specific technical measures include: for areas that do not meet the standards, lowering the threshold for judging heat-sensitive areas (e.g., adjusting from 500m to 600m), increasing the proportion of medium- and high-sensitivity areas, updating the model's topographic and meteorological correction coefficients, recalculating the heat contribution value, and optimizing mitigation instructions such as the proportion of new energy machinery substitution and the deployment of road cooling facilities.

[0128] The ecological restoration module is used to receive the albedo change model target value adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the restoration target parameters of the albedo change model, and regenerate the restoration operation instruction according to the updated albedo change model.

[0129] Specifically, this adjustment method allows the calculation results of the albedo change model to adapt to the actual restoration needs of the glacier ecosystem in real time, ensuring the scientific nature and implementation of ecological restoration operation instructions, conforming to the ecological restoration technical requirements of the technical system, and updating the restoration target parameters based on the assessment results of the warming mitigation effect dimension. For areas that have not reached the restoration target, the albedo target value and the vegetation restoration coverage target value are appropriately increased.

[0130] Specific technical measures include: for areas that do not meet the standards, appropriately increasing the albedo improvement target and the vegetation restoration coverage target, updating parameters such as albedo of cover materials and snow retention rate in the model, recalculating the laying area and snow enhancement operation volume, and optimizing restoration instructions such as cover material selection and grass seed spraying frequency.

[0131] Example 2 See Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The flowchart of a highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization method provided in Embodiment 2 of this application is shown. The method, applied to a highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system, includes steps S701-S706: S701: Geographic environmental data is obtained through the assessment and avoidance module, and the geographic environmental data is processed through glacier change model and spatial analysis algorithm to generate glacier protection zoning, highway route selection scheme and engineering form optimization scheme; S702: The pollution control module generates a construction layout based on the glacier protection zone zoning, combines environmental monitoring data of the construction area, generates pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model, and outputs the pollution prevention and control instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. S703: The heat mitigation module determines the heat-sensitive area according to the highway alignment scheme, combines energy consumption and heat impact monitoring data, generates heat mitigation instructions based on the heat disturbance assessment model, and outputs the heat mitigation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. S704: The ecological restoration module determines the restoration target based on the glacier protection zoning, combines glacier status monitoring data, generates restoration operation instructions based on the albedo change model, and outputs the restoration operation instructions and their execution result data to the monitoring and control module. S705: Acquire multi-source monitoring data through the monitoring and control module, and receive instructions and execution result data output by each execution module. Generate evaluation results and corresponding optimization instructions containing the implementation effectiveness of each module through the data analysis model, and send the optimization instructions to the corresponding execution modules respectively. S706: The pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module adjust the subsequently generated instructions according to the received optimization instructions to achieve dynamic optimization of the glacier protection effect during highway construction and operation.

[0132] In an optional implementation, the process of processing the geographic environmental data using glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms to generate glacier protection zoning, highway alignment schemes, and engineering form optimization schemes includes: Acquire high-resolution remote sensing images and topographic data to construct a basic database of glacier distribution; The glacier distribution database is input into the glacier change model to simulate glacier melting trends and predict the extent of glacier retreat. Spatial overlay analysis of the glacier retreat range and ecological sensitivity evaluation factors was performed to identify the distribution of glacier ecologically sensitive areas. Based on the distribution of the ecologically sensitive areas of the glacier, a glacier protection zoning map is generated, which includes prohibited construction areas, restricted construction areas, and permitted construction areas. Based on the glacier protection zone zoning map, highway route selection is optimized to generate an optimized engineering scheme.

[0133] In an optional implementation, the step of adjusting the construction layout according to the glacier protection zoning, and generating pollution prevention and control instructions based on a pollutant migration model, in conjunction with environmental monitoring data of the construction area, includes: Based on the distribution of prohibited and restricted construction zones in the glacier protection area, a construction layout plan is generated. Obtain real-time monitoring data on dust concentration, wastewater quality, and solid waste generation in the construction area; The real-time monitoring data is input into the pollutant migration model to simulate the pollutant migration path and sedimentation amount. Based on the simulation results of the migration path and sedimentation, pollution control instructions are generated, including dust control instructions, wastewater recycling instructions, and solid waste resource utilization instructions.

[0134] In an optional implementation, the step of determining the heat-sensitive area based on the highway alignment scheme, combining energy consumption and thermal impact monitoring data, and generating heat mitigation instructions based on a thermal disturbance assessment model includes: Based on the highway route selection scheme, identify sensitive road sections near the edge of glaciers and delineate heat-sensitive areas. Within the heat-sensitive area, acquire energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data of construction machinery and transportation equipment; The energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data are input into the thermal disturbance assessment model to calculate the thermal contribution value to the glacier region. Based on the heat contribution value, a heat mitigation instruction is generated, which includes construction layout optimization instructions and new energy machinery scheduling instructions.

[0135] In an optional implementation, the step of determining restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combining glacier status monitoring data, and generating restoration operation instructions based on an albedo change model includes: Based on the ecological threshold of the restricted construction area in the glacier protection zone, target values ​​for albedo enhancement and vegetation restoration coverage are determined as restoration targets. Acquire remote sensing data on glacier albedo and monitoring data on ice surface temperature; The remote sensing data of glacier albedo and the monitoring data of ice surface temperature are input into the albedo change model, and the required area of ​​cover material and snow enhancement operation are calculated according to the restoration target. Based on the paving area and snow enhancement operation volume, the restoration operation instruction is generated, which includes instructions for selecting artificial covering materials, instructions for the timing of artificial snow enhancement operations, and instructions for vegetation restoration construction.

[0136] In an optional implementation, the step of generating evaluation results and corresponding optimization instructions containing the implementation effectiveness of each module through a data analysis model includes: Data on glacier mass balance, hydrological data, meteorological data, and pollutant data are collected through an integrated monitoring network. The collected data is correlated and matched with the instructions output by each execution module and their corresponding execution results to form an evaluation dataset; Input the evaluation dataset into the data analysis model to calculate the evaluation indicators; Based on the comparison between the evaluation index and the preset threshold, the evaluation result and the optimization instruction are generated.

[0137] In an optional implementation, adjusting subsequently generated instructions based on the received optimization instructions includes: The pollution control module receives the pollutant migration model boundary condition adjustment instruction from the optimization instruction, updates the boundary conditions of the pollutant migration model, and regenerates the pollution prevention and control instruction based on the updated pollutant migration model. The thermal mitigation module receives the thermal disturbance evaluation model threshold adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, updates the thermal sensitive area determination threshold of the thermal disturbance evaluation model, and regenerates the thermal mitigation instruction according to the updated thermal disturbance evaluation model. The ecological restoration module receives the albedo change model target value adjustment instruction from the optimization instruction, updates the restoration target parameters of the albedo change model, and regenerates the restoration operation instruction based on the updated albedo change model.

[0138] Example 3 Based on the same application concept, see [link / reference] Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This illustration shows a structural schematic diagram of a computer device provided in Embodiment 3 of this application, wherein, as shown... Figure 8 As shown, the computer device 800 provided in Embodiment 3 of this application includes: The system includes a processor 801, a memory 802, and a bus 803. The memory 802 stores machine-readable instructions that can be executed by the processor 801. When the computer device 800 is running, the processor 801 communicates with the memory 802 through the bus 803. When the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor 801, they perform the steps of the highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization method shown in Embodiment 2 above.

[0139] Example 4 Based on the same concept, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system and apparatus described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0141] The computer program product for optimizing glacier protection in highway construction and operation provided in this application includes a computer-readable storage medium storing program code. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. For specific implementation details, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0142] The highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system provided in this application embodiment can be specific hardware on the equipment or software or firmware installed on the equipment. The method provided in this application embodiment has the same implementation principle and technical effect as the aforementioned system embodiment. For the sake of brevity, any parts not mentioned in the method embodiment can be referred to the corresponding content in the aforementioned system embodiment. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the method described above can all be referred to the corresponding process in the above system embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0143] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some communication interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0144] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0145] In addition, the functional units in the embodiments provided in this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0146] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0147] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0148] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of this application, used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. The protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. All should be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system, characterized in that, include: The assessment and avoidance module is used to acquire geographic environmental data, process the geographic environmental data through glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms, and generate glacier protection zoning, highway route selection schemes and engineering form optimization schemes. The pollution control module is used to generate a construction layout based on the glacier protection zoning, combine the environmental monitoring data of the construction area, generate pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model, and output the pollution prevention and control instructions and their execution results data to the monitoring and control module. The heat mitigation module is used to determine the heat-sensitive area according to the highway alignment scheme, combine energy consumption and heat impact monitoring data, generate heat mitigation instructions based on the heat disturbance assessment model, and output the heat mitigation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The ecological restoration module is used to determine restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combine glacier status monitoring data, generate restoration operation instructions based on the albedo change model, and output the restoration operation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The monitoring and control module is used to acquire multi-source monitoring data, receive instructions and execution result data output by each execution module, generate evaluation results containing the implementation effectiveness of each module and corresponding optimization instructions through a data analysis model, and send the optimization instructions to the corresponding execution modules respectively. The pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module are also used to adjust the subsequently generated instructions according to the received optimization instructions, so as to achieve dynamic optimization of the glacier protection effect during highway construction and operation.

2. The highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assessment and avoidance module, when used to process the geographical environment data through glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms to generate glacier protection zoning, highway alignment schemes, and engineering form optimization schemes, is specifically used for: Acquire high-resolution remote sensing images and topographic data to construct a basic database of glacier distribution; The glacier distribution database is input into the glacier change model to simulate glacier melting trends and predict the extent of glacier retreat. Spatial overlay analysis of the glacier retreat range and ecological sensitivity evaluation factors was performed to identify the distribution of glacier ecologically sensitive areas. Based on the distribution of the ecologically sensitive areas of the glacier, a glacier protection zoning map is generated, which includes prohibited construction areas, restricted construction areas, and permitted construction areas. Based on the glacier protection zone zoning map, highway route selection is optimized to generate an optimized engineering scheme.

3. The highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the pollution control module is used to adjust the construction layout according to the glacier protection zoning and generate pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model in conjunction with environmental monitoring data of the construction area, it is specifically used for: Based on the distribution of prohibited and restricted construction zones in the glacier protection area, a construction layout plan is generated. Obtain real-time monitoring data on dust concentration, wastewater quality, and solid waste generation in the construction area; The real-time monitoring data is input into the pollutant migration model to simulate the pollutant migration path and sedimentation amount. Based on the simulation results of the migration path and sedimentation, pollution control instructions are generated, including dust control instructions, wastewater recycling instructions, and solid waste resource utilization instructions.

4. The highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the heat mitigation module is used to determine the heat-sensitive area based on the highway alignment scheme, combine energy consumption and thermal impact monitoring data, and generate heat mitigation instructions based on the thermal disturbance assessment model, it is specifically used for: Based on the highway route selection scheme, identify sensitive road sections near the edge of glaciers and delineate heat-sensitive areas. Within the heat-sensitive area, acquire energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data of construction machinery and transportation equipment; The energy consumption data, exhaust emission data, and road surface temperature monitoring data are input into the thermal disturbance assessment model to calculate the thermal contribution value to the glacier region. Based on the heat contribution value, a heat mitigation instruction is generated, which includes construction layout optimization instructions and new energy machinery scheduling instructions.

5. The highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the ecological restoration module is used to determine restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combine glacier status monitoring data, and generate restoration operation instructions based on the albedo change model, it is specifically used for: Based on the ecological threshold of the restricted construction area in the glacier protection zone, target values ​​for albedo enhancement and vegetation restoration coverage are determined as restoration targets. Acquire remote sensing data on glacier albedo and monitoring data on ice surface temperature; The remote sensing data of glacier albedo and the monitoring data of ice surface temperature are input into the albedo change model, and the required area of ​​cover material and snow enhancement operation are calculated according to the restoration target. Based on the paving area and snow enhancement operation volume, the restoration operation instruction is generated, which includes instructions for selecting artificial covering materials, instructions for the timing of artificial snow enhancement operations, and instructions for vegetation restoration construction.

6. The highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring and control module, when used to generate evaluation results and corresponding optimization instructions containing the implementation effectiveness of each module through a data analysis model, is specifically used for: Data on glacier mass balance, hydrological data, meteorological data, and pollutant data are collected through an integrated monitoring network. The collected data is correlated and matched with the instructions output by each execution module and their corresponding execution results to form an evaluation dataset; Input the evaluation dataset into the data analysis model to calculate the evaluation indicators; Based on the comparison between the evaluation index and the preset threshold, the evaluation result and the optimization instruction are generated.

7. The highway construction and operation glacier protection optimization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module are further configured to adjust subsequently generated instructions based on the received optimization instructions, including: The pollution control module is used to receive the pollutant migration model boundary condition adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the boundary conditions of the pollutant migration model, and regenerate the pollution prevention and control instruction according to the updated pollutant migration model. The heat mitigation module is used to receive the thermal disturbance evaluation model threshold adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the thermal sensitive area determination threshold of the thermal disturbance evaluation model, and regenerate the heat mitigation instruction according to the updated thermal disturbance evaluation model. The ecological restoration module is used to receive the albedo change model target value adjustment instruction in the optimization instruction, update the restoration target parameters of the albedo change model, and regenerate the restoration operation instruction according to the updated albedo change model.

8. An optimized method for glacier protection during highway construction and operation, characterized in that, The method, applied to a glacier protection optimization system for highway construction and operation, includes: Geographic environmental data is acquired through the assessment and avoidance module. The geographic environmental data is then processed using glacier change models and spatial analysis algorithms to generate glacier protection zoning, highway route selection schemes, and engineering form optimization schemes. The pollution control module generates a construction layout based on the glacier protection zone zoning, combines environmental monitoring data of the construction area, generates pollution prevention and control instructions based on the pollutant migration model, and outputs the pollution prevention and control instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The heat mitigation module determines the heat-sensitive area based on the highway alignment scheme, combines energy consumption and heat impact monitoring data, generates heat mitigation instructions based on the heat disturbance assessment model, and outputs the heat mitigation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The ecological restoration module determines restoration targets based on the glacier protection zoning, combines glacier status monitoring data, generates restoration operation instructions based on the albedo change model, and outputs the restoration operation instructions and their execution results to the monitoring and control module. The monitoring and control module acquires multi-source monitoring data and receives instructions and execution result data output by each execution module. The data analysis model generates evaluation results and corresponding optimization instructions that include the implementation effectiveness of each module, and sends the optimization instructions to the corresponding execution modules respectively. The pollution control module, the heat mitigation module, and the ecological restoration module adjust the subsequently generated instructions according to the received optimization instructions, so as to achieve dynamic optimization of the glacier protection effect during the construction and operation of highways.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, include: The system includes a processor, a memory, and a bus. The memory stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor. When the computer device is running, the processor communicates with the memory via the bus. When the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the glacier protection optimization method for highway construction and operation as described in claim 8 are performed.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the glacier protection optimization method for highway construction and operation as described in claim 8.

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