A terminal-independent solar energy storage energy management method and system

Abstract

This invention discloses a terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization energy management method and system, belonging to the field of IoT terminal power supply and solar energy management technology. This invention collects terminal power consumption data and performs standardized processing to decouple terminal business function attributes, constructing a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a unified energy consumption management interface; it establishes a three-layer collaborative energy management architecture of source-storage-utilization, setting up three-level energy storage units to establish hierarchical and controllable energy transmission paths; it combines the state of charge of energy storage units with solar power generation prediction data to perform hierarchical energy scheduling decisions, matching corresponding working modes, synchronously adjusting load and communication parameters, executing energy charging and discharging operations, and completing closed-loop energy management. This invention decouples energy management from terminal business functions, improves the universality of energy management solutions and solar energy utilization efficiency, and ensures the long-term stable operation of outdoor low-power terminals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of IoT terminal power supply and solar energy management technology, and particularly to a terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization management method and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development and large-scale deployment of IoT technology, outdoor low-power terminals have been widely used in many fields such as environmental monitoring, geological disaster early warning, field data collection, smart park management, and outdoor infrastructure monitoring, becoming the core carrier for data sensing, signal transmission, and command execution in various outdoor scenarios. These terminals are often deployed in remote areas where the mains power grid is difficult to cover, placing extremely high demands on the power supply system's endurance, environmental adaptability, and maintenance-free performance. Solar power supply, with its clean, sustainable, and flexible deployment characteristics, has become the mainstream power supply method for outdoor low-power terminals. Currently, the industry has conducted extensive research and application practices surrounding solar power supply technology. Photovoltaic conversion technology and maximum power point tracking technology are continuously optimized, and solar energy harvesting efficiency is continuously improving. The performance of various electrochemical energy storage devices and capacitor-based energy storage devices is constantly being improved, providing diversified energy storage options for outdoor power supply systems. The combined application of low-power communication technology and energy management technology is also becoming increasingly mature. Solar power supply solutions for various outdoor scenarios are constantly iterating, and the overall technological development is continuously advancing towards low power consumption, long endurance, and high environmental adaptability, providing fundamental technical support for the long-term stable operation of outdoor low-power terminals.

[0003] Current solar energy management solutions are mostly customized for outdoor terminals with specific business types and functions. The differences in business functions of different terminals directly determine the design logic of the energy management solution, making it impossible to decouple energy management from terminal business functions. This hinders the formation of a universal and standardized energy management framework that can adapt to different types of terminals, increasing development costs and deployment cycles. Furthermore, existing solutions often employ a single type of energy storage architecture, making it difficult to simultaneously adapt to the differentiated energy supply needs of terminal transient peak power consumption and daily continuous load, and also failing to achieve a reasonable match between the cycle life of energy storage devices and the design life of the terminal. Energy dispatch often adopts a passive charge and discharge control mode with fixed thresholds, failing to combine the real-time status of energy storage units with future trends in solar power generation for proactive hierarchical decision-making and operating mode matching, resulting in difficulty in effectively improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy. In addition, existing solutions fail to achieve the linkage adjustment of load operating parameters, communication parameters, and energy management status, and do not form a complete closed-loop energy management system. This makes it difficult to ensure the stability and continuity of terminal power supply in complex and variable outdoor environments, and cannot meet the long-term maintenance-free operation requirements of outdoor low-power terminals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization energy management method and system.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization energy management method is provided, which includes the following steps: S1. Collect power consumption data from the access terminal, perform standardization processing on the collected power consumption data, perform energy consumption feature extraction operation on the terminal, strip the terminal's business function attributes, and construct a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface; the terminal-independent energy consumption node model includes the standardized power consumption data of the terminal, and the terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface only transmits the standardized power consumption data. S2. Construct a three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-use. The three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-use includes a source acquisition layer, an energy storage layer, and a load layer. The energy storage layer is set up with three levels of energy storage units, and the load layer is connected to the terminal-independent energy consumption node model through a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface. S3. Obtain the state of charge data of each energy storage unit in the energy storage layer, as well as the solar power generation prediction data within a set time period. Based on the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, perform hierarchical decision-making operations for energy scheduling, and divide and match the corresponding working modes. S4. Based on the working mode determined by hierarchical decision-making, adjust the load operation parameters and communication parameters of the energy consumption node model that is independent of the terminal in the load layer, determine the corresponding energy charging and discharging path, execute the corresponding energy charging and discharging operation, and complete the closed-loop energy management.

[0006] Furthermore, step S1 includes: S1.1. Collect power consumption data from the access terminals. The power consumption data includes standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average energy consumption. Perform standardization processing on the collected power consumption data to unify the statistical dimensions and measurement standards of the power consumption data and eliminate the differences in power consumption data formats between different terminals. S1.2. Strip away the terminal's business function attributes, remove the three non-energy consumption parameters of the terminal's business function type, business execution logic, and business output form, and retain only the three types of data after standardization: standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average power consumption. S1.3. Based on the standardized power consumption data retained by all terminals, construct a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface. The terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface only transmits the standardized power consumption data.

[0007] Furthermore, step S2 includes: S2.1. Construct the source acquisition layer of the three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-utilization, collect solar energy through photovoltaic conversion units, perform maximum power point tracking operation, adjust the working parameters of photovoltaic conversion units, and output the collected and converted electrical energy to the energy storage layer of the three-layer energy management architecture; S2.2. Construct the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture. The energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture includes a primary energy storage unit, a secondary energy storage unit, and a tertiary energy storage unit. The primary energy storage unit, the secondary energy storage unit, and the tertiary energy storage unit correspond to different power consumption adaptation scenarios. Controllable switching devices are set between each energy storage unit to establish corresponding energy transmission paths. S2.3. Construct the load layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture, enabling the load layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture to establish data connection and energy transmission channel with the terminal-independent energy consumption node model through a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface, and perform energy sensing and scheduling operations on the load.

[0008] Furthermore, step S3 includes: S3.1. Real-time acquisition of the state of charge data of the first-level energy storage unit, second-level energy storage unit, and third-level energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture; acquisition of solar intensity data within a future set time period; generation of solar power generation prediction data based on solar intensity data; and synchronous verification and preprocessing operations on the state of charge data and solar power generation prediction data. S3.2. Based on the preprocessed state of charge data and solar power generation prediction data, the corresponding working modes are divided and switched. The working modes include normal mode, supplementary power mode, direct power supply mode and life support mode. Each working mode corresponds to a unique energy dispatch rule. S3.3. Based on the selected working mode, determine the energy charging and discharging path and energy allocation rules of the corresponding energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, and clarify the charging and discharging permissions and execution order of each energy storage unit.

[0009] Furthermore, step S4 includes: S4.1. Based on the selected operating mode, match the corresponding power consumption level. The power consumption level is divided into four levels, and each power consumption level corresponds to a unique operating mode. S4.2. Based on the matched power consumption operating level, synchronously execute the load operating parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the communication parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model, so that the adjusted parameters correspond to the power consumption operating level. S4.3. According to the determined energy charging and discharging path and energy allocation rules, execute the energy charging and discharging operation of the corresponding energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, collect the real-time power consumption data of the adjusted terminal-independent energy consumption node model, and feed the real-time power consumption data back to the hierarchical decision-making operation of energy scheduling.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S1.2, during the process of stripping the terminal's service function attributes, only three types of data are retained: standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average energy consumption after the terminal's standardized processing. The three types of non-energy consumption parameters—service function type, service execution logic, and service output form—are not introduced. Based on the three types of standardized power consumption data retained, a corresponding terminal-independent energy consumption node model is generated for each access terminal. Each terminal-independent energy consumption node model only contains the three types of standardized power consumption data and does not contain service function-related parameters of the terminal. For all access terminals, the same parameter retention rules and terminal-independent energy consumption node model generation process are adopted.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S2.2, the primary energy storage unit is used to handle transient peak power consumption, the secondary energy storage unit is used to handle daily load power consumption, and the tertiary energy storage unit is used for long-term energy storage. Controllable switching devices are set between the primary, secondary, and tertiary energy storage units to establish corresponding energy transmission paths. The primary, secondary, and tertiary energy storage units perform coordinated charging and discharging operations according to the set energy distribution rules. The charging and discharging operations of the primary energy storage unit are executed before those of the secondary energy storage unit, and the charging and discharging operations of the secondary energy storage unit are executed before those of the tertiary energy storage unit. The supply of transient power consumption is completed only through the primary energy storage unit, and the supply of daily load power consumption is completed only through the secondary energy storage unit.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3.2, during the switching of the working mode, the energy replenishment operation of solar power generation to the first-level, second-level, and third-level energy storage units in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture is executed first, and then the energy replenishment operation from the third-level energy storage unit to the second-level energy storage unit is executed. Only when the predicted solar power generation data within the set time period is lower than the set value, the energy replenishment operation from the third-level energy storage unit to the second-level energy storage unit is initiated. During the energy replenishment operation, energy transfer is completed according to the set constant current. When the state of charge data of the second-level energy storage unit reaches the set threshold, the energy replenishment operation is stopped and the system switches to normal mode.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S4.2, the communication parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the load operation parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model are executed synchronously. The communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model include the spreading factor and the wake-up period. The load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model include the acquisition frequency and the refresh frequency. The values ​​of the load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model correspond one-to-one with the power consumption operation level. The values ​​of the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model correspond one-to-one with the power consumption operation level. When the power consumption operation level increases, the execution frequency corresponding to the load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model increases synchronously, the wake-up period corresponding to the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model shortens synchronously, and the spreading factor decreases synchronously. When the power consumption operation level decreases, the load operation parameters and the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model undergo the opposite adjustment operation.

[0014] A terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization management system is provided, which includes a source acquisition module, a three-level energy storage module, an energy management unit, and a load adaptation module; The source acquisition module is used for solar energy acquisition and maximum power point tracking, completing the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. The three-level energy storage module is connected to the source acquisition module and is used for hierarchical storage of the electrical energy converted by the source acquisition module, establishing a hierarchical and controllable energy transmission path. The energy management unit is connected to the source acquisition module, the three-level energy storage module, and the load adaptation module respectively, and is used to perform hierarchical energy scheduling decision-making operations and working mode switching operations. The load adaptation module sets up a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface for interfacing with the access terminal and performing load operating parameters and communication parameters adjustment operations.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) By stripping the terminal business function attributes, a terminal-independent energy management framework is constructed, and a three-layer collaborative energy management system of source-storage-use is built to achieve standardized energy control of different types of terminals and improve the universality and adaptability of energy management solutions; (2) Based on the three-level energy storage collaborative hierarchical architecture, match the differentiated power consumption characteristics of the terminal, plan the corresponding energy charging and discharging path, reduce the ineffective charging and discharging loss of energy storage devices, and match the design life of energy storage devices and terminals. (3) Combine energy status perception with the linkage adjustment of load communication parameters to build a closed-loop energy management system for the whole process, improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy, and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the terminal in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization energy management method; Figure 2 The following is a flowchart illustrating the specific steps of a terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization energy management method provided for an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1 See Figure 1 This embodiment provides a terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization management method, which includes the following steps: S1. Collect power consumption data from the access terminal, perform standardization processing on the collected power consumption data, perform energy consumption feature extraction operation on the terminal, strip the terminal's business function attributes, and construct a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface; the terminal-independent energy consumption node model includes the standardized power consumption data of the terminal, and the terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface only transmits the standardized power consumption data. S2. Construct a three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-use. The three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-use includes a source acquisition layer, an energy storage layer, and a load layer. The energy storage layer is set up with three levels of energy storage units, and the load layer is connected to the terminal-independent energy consumption node model through a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface. S3. Obtain the state of charge data of each energy storage unit in the energy storage layer, as well as the solar power generation prediction data within a set time period. Based on the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, perform hierarchical decision-making operations for energy scheduling, and divide and match the corresponding working modes. S4. Based on the working mode determined by hierarchical decision-making, adjust the load operation parameters and communication parameters of the energy consumption node model that is independent of the terminal in the load layer, determine the corresponding energy charging and discharging path, execute the corresponding energy charging and discharging operation, and complete the closed-loop energy management.

[0019] In some embodiments, step S1 includes: S1.1. Collect power consumption data from the access terminals. The power consumption data includes standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average energy consumption. Perform standardization processing on the collected power consumption data to unify the statistical dimensions and measurement standards of the power consumption data and eliminate the differences in power consumption data formats between different terminals. S1.2. Strip away the terminal's business function attributes, remove the three non-energy consumption parameters of the terminal's business function type, business execution logic, and business output form, and retain only the three types of data after standardization: standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average power consumption. S1.3. Based on the standardized power consumption data retained by all terminals, construct a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface. The terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface only transmits the standardized power consumption data.

[0020] In some embodiments, step S2 includes: S2.1. Construct the source acquisition layer of the three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-utilization, collect solar energy through photovoltaic conversion units, perform maximum power point tracking operation, adjust the working parameters of photovoltaic conversion units, and output the collected and converted electrical energy to the energy storage layer of the three-layer energy management architecture; S2.2. Construct the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture. The energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture includes a primary energy storage unit, a secondary energy storage unit, and a tertiary energy storage unit. The primary energy storage unit, the secondary energy storage unit, and the tertiary energy storage unit correspond to different power consumption adaptation scenarios. Controllable switching devices are set between each energy storage unit to establish corresponding energy transmission paths. S2.3. Construct the load layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture, enabling the load layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture to establish data connection and energy transmission channel with the terminal-independent energy consumption node model through a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface, and perform energy sensing and scheduling operations on the load.

[0021] In some embodiments, step S3 includes: S3.1. Real-time acquisition of the state of charge data of the first-level energy storage unit, second-level energy storage unit, and third-level energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture; acquisition of solar intensity data within a future set time period; generation of solar power generation prediction data based on solar intensity data; and synchronous verification and preprocessing operations on the state of charge data and solar power generation prediction data. S3.2. Based on the preprocessed state of charge data and solar power generation prediction data, the corresponding working modes are divided and switched. The working modes include normal mode, supplementary power mode, direct power supply mode and life support mode. Each working mode corresponds to a unique energy dispatch rule. S3.3. Based on the selected working mode, determine the energy charging and discharging path and energy allocation rules of the corresponding energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, and clarify the charging and discharging permissions and execution order of each energy storage unit.

[0022] In some embodiments, step S4 includes: S4.1. Based on the selected operating mode, match the corresponding power consumption level. The power consumption level is divided into four levels, and each power consumption level corresponds to a unique operating mode. S4.2. Based on the matched power consumption operating level, synchronously execute the load operating parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the communication parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model, so that the adjusted parameters correspond to the power consumption operating level. S4.3. According to the determined energy charging and discharging path and energy allocation rules, execute the energy charging and discharging operation of the corresponding energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, collect the real-time power consumption data of the adjusted terminal-independent energy consumption node model, and feed the real-time power consumption data back to the hierarchical decision-making operation of energy scheduling.

[0023] In some embodiments, during step S1.2, when stripping the terminal's service function attributes, only three types of data are retained: standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average energy consumption after standardized processing. The three types of non-energy consumption parameters—service function type, service execution logic, and service output form—are not introduced. Based on the three types of standardized power consumption data, a corresponding terminal-independent energy consumption node model is generated for each access terminal. Each terminal-independent energy consumption node model contains only the three types of standardized power consumption data and does not contain service function-related parameters of the terminal. The same parameter retention rules and terminal-independent energy consumption node model generation process are used for all access terminals.

[0024] In some embodiments, in step S2.2, the primary energy storage unit is used to handle transient peak power consumption, the secondary energy storage unit is used to handle daily load power consumption, and the tertiary energy storage unit is used for long-term energy storage. Controllable switching devices are set between the primary, secondary, and tertiary energy storage units to establish corresponding energy transmission paths. The primary, secondary, and tertiary energy storage units perform coordinated charging and discharging operations according to the set energy distribution rules. The charging and discharging operations of the primary energy storage unit are executed before those of the secondary energy storage unit, and the charging and discharging operations of the secondary energy storage unit are executed before those of the tertiary energy storage unit. The supply of transient power consumption is completed only through the primary energy storage unit, and the supply of daily load power consumption is completed only through the secondary energy storage unit.

[0025] In some embodiments, during the switching of the working mode in step S3.2, the energy replenishment operation of the first-level energy storage unit, second-level energy storage unit, and third-level energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture is performed first, and then the energy replenishment operation of the third-level energy storage unit to the second-level energy storage unit is performed. The energy replenishment operation of the third-level energy storage unit to the second-level energy storage unit is only initiated when the predicted data of solar power generation within a set time period is lower than the set value. During the energy replenishment operation, the energy transfer is completed according to the set constant current. When the state of charge data of the second-level energy storage unit reaches the set threshold, the energy replenishment operation is stopped and the system switches to normal mode.

[0026] In some embodiments, in step S4.2, the communication parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the load operation parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model are executed synchronously. The communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model include the spreading factor and the wake-up period. The load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model include the acquisition frequency and the refresh frequency. The values ​​of the load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model correspond one-to-one with the power consumption operation level. The values ​​of the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model correspond one-to-one with the power consumption operation level. When the power consumption operation level increases, the execution frequency corresponding to the load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model increases synchronously, the wake-up period corresponding to the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model shortens synchronously, and the spreading factor decreases synchronously. When the power consumption operation level decreases, the load operation parameters and the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model undergo opposite adjustment operations.

[0027] A terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization management system is provided, which includes a source acquisition module, a three-level energy storage module, an energy management unit, and a load adaptation module; The source acquisition module is used for solar energy acquisition and maximum power point tracking, completing the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. The three-level energy storage module is connected to the source acquisition module and is used for hierarchical storage of the electrical energy converted by the source acquisition module, establishing a hierarchical and controllable energy transmission path. The energy management unit is connected to the source acquisition module, the three-level energy storage module, and the load adaptation module respectively, and is used to perform hierarchical energy scheduling decision-making operations and working mode switching operations. The load adaptation module sets up a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface for interfacing with the access terminal and performing load operating parameters and communication parameters adjustment operations.

[0028] Example 2 This embodiment proposes a specific implementation process for a terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization energy management method. This method revolves around the abstraction of terminal energy consumption characteristics, the construction of a multi-layered energy management architecture, hierarchical energy scheduling decisions, dynamic adjustment of load and communication parameters, and closed-loop energy management. It achieves full-process solar energy management decoupled from terminal business functions, adapting to the energy supply and scheduling needs of various outdoor low-power terminals. Through standardized, hierarchical, and intelligent operation steps, it completes the full-link control of solar energy from collection and storage to load utilization. Simultaneously, through the linkage and data feedback of each step, it ensures the efficiency and continuity of energy management. Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: S1. Energy Consumption Characteristics Abstraction and Interface Construction: S1.1. Collect power consumption data from access terminals and perform standardization processing on various types of power consumption data: First, power consumption data is collected from all connected terminals in all dimensions. The power consumption data includes standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average power consumption. Standby power consumption refers to the energy consumption data for maintaining basic operation when the terminal has no business operations. Transient power consumption refers to the short-term peak energy consumption data generated when the terminal performs sudden operations. Daily average power consumption refers to the cumulative energy consumption data of the terminal within a 24-hour period.

[0029] After the data collection is completed, the power consumption data is standardized. This standardization process involves organizing the power consumption data from different terminals according to a unified statistical dimension and measurement standard. This eliminates the differences in power consumption data format caused by differences in hardware type and business model among different terminals, and ensures that the power consumption data of all terminals has a unified attribute that is comparable and can be integrated. In this embodiment, the standardization process is specifically implemented by uniformly setting the statistical period, measurement unit, and data acquisition node of the power consumption data, and then reorganizing and converting the collected raw power consumption data according to the set requirements, so that the processed power consumption data can be directly used for subsequent energy consumption characteristic analysis and model construction.

[0030] S1.2. Strip away terminal service function attributes and filter to retain standardized power consumption data: After standardizing the power consumption data, a business function attribute stripping operation is performed on the terminal. This operation involves removing three non-energy-consuming parameters: business function type, business execution logic, and business output form, retaining only the standardized standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average power consumption. Business function type refers to the specific business responsibilities undertaken by the terminal; business execution logic refers to the internal process by which the terminal completes business operations; and business output form refers to the external manifestation of the terminal's business functions. These parameters are not directly related to the terminal's energy consumption characteristics. Stripping these parameters decouples the terminal's business functions from energy management, allowing subsequent energy management operations to focus solely on the terminal's energy consumption characteristics, unaffected by the terminal's specific business functions. In this embodiment, the stripping operation is implemented by establishing parameter filtering rules, classifying various terminal parameters into energy-consuming and non-energy-consuming parameters, and then removing non-energy-consuming parameters according to the filtering rules, incorporating only the three standardized energy-consuming parameters into the subsequent model building process.

[0031] S1.3. Construct a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a unified energy consumption management interface: Based on the standardized power consumption data retained by all terminals, a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface are constructed. The terminal-independent energy consumption node model is a model that only contains standardized power consumption data of the terminals. The construction of this model is based solely on the energy consumption characteristics of the terminals and does not include any information related to the terminal's business functions. Each access terminal corresponds to an independent energy consumption node model, and all energy consumption node models adopt the same construction standards and data dimensions. The terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface is an interface used only for transmitting standardized power consumption data. This interface establishes a unique data transmission channel between the energy management link and various terminals. The power consumption data of all terminals is uploaded through this interface, and the scheduling instructions of the energy management link are also issued to the corresponding terminal's energy consumption node model through this interface. In this embodiment, the construction of the energy consumption node model specifically involves storing the three types of standardized power consumption data of each terminal in a structured manner to form a model file with a fixed data format. The model file only contains the storage field and update field of the power consumption data. The construction of the unified energy consumption management interface specifically involves setting a unified data transmission protocol and data format so that the interface can only recognize and transmit standardized power consumption data, and shield non-standardized data and data related to business functions.

[0032] In some embodiments, power consumption data can be collected using a combination of real-time and periodic collection. Real-time collection is used to obtain transient power consumption data of the terminal and capture changes in peak power consumption in a timely manner. Periodic collection is used to obtain standby power consumption and daily average power consumption data of the terminal to ensure the stability of regular power consumption data. The collected data can be stored in a local cache module first and then uploaded to the data processing module for standardized processing to avoid affecting processing efficiency due to data transmission delay.

[0033] In some specific implementations, fixed collection rules and data processing standards are set for the power consumption data collection and standardization processing of different types of terminals. The sampling frequency for transient power consumption is set to 10kHz, and the sampling duration covers the complete cycle of a single peak power consumption action of the terminal, ensuring complete capture of peak current changes generated by terminal communication transmission, actuator actions, etc. The sampling period for standby power consumption is set to 1 minute, with a continuous sampling duration of no less than 24 hours, and the average value of the sampled data is taken as the standard standby power consumption data of the terminal. The statistical period for daily average energy consumption is fixed at 24 hours, and the statistical scope includes the cumulative energy consumption value of the terminal's entire business process. During the standardization process, all power consumption data is uniformly converted to mAh units at a rated voltage of 3.6V, and the statistical dimensions of the data are uniformly classified into three categories: time dimension, current dimension, and voltage dimension, eliminating data format differences caused by different rated voltages, sampling frequencies, and statistical periods of different terminals. For all access terminals, the same collection rules and standardized processing procedures are used to ensure that the processed power consumption data has complete consistency. This provides a unified data foundation for the subsequent construction of energy consumption node models and solves the problem that power consumption data of terminals of different service types cannot be used interchangeably and cannot be included in the same energy management system.

[0034] S2. Multi-layer energy management architecture setup and integration: S2.1. Construct the source acquisition layer to complete solar energy acquisition, conversion, and transmission: The source acquisition layer of the three-layer energy management architecture (source-storage-utilization) is responsible for the collection and conversion of solar energy. It includes photovoltaic conversion units (PV units) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) modules. The PV unit is the core unit that converts solar energy into electrical energy. Its working principle is to use the photovoltaic effect to convert solar energy into electrical energy. MPT is a professional technology used in photovoltaic systems to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization. This technology can detect the output power of the PV unit in real time and adjust the operating parameters to ensure that the PV unit always works at the maximum output power, thereby maximizing the efficiency of solar energy collection.

[0035] In this embodiment, the source acquisition layer is constructed by integrating a photovoltaic conversion unit with a maximum power point tracking module. The photovoltaic conversion unit collects solar energy and simultaneously initiates maximum power point tracking operation to adjust the operating parameters of the photovoltaic conversion unit in real time, so that the photovoltaic conversion unit always maintains the optimal energy conversion efficiency. The collected and converted electrical energy is then output to the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture through a dedicated energy transmission path to prepare for subsequent energy storage.

[0036] S2.2. Construct an energy storage layer, set up three-level energy storage units, and establish transmission paths: The energy storage layer of the three-layer energy management architecture (source-storage-use) is responsible for energy storage and hierarchical scheduling. This layer includes primary, secondary, and tertiary energy storage units, each corresponding to different power consumption adaptation scenarios. Controllable switching devices are set between each energy storage unit. These controllable switching devices are devices that can control the on / off state of energy transmission paths. By controlling the on / off state of the controllable switching devices, corresponding energy transmission paths between each energy storage unit can be established, realizing the directional transmission and scheduling of energy between different energy storage units. In this embodiment, the energy storage layer is constructed by configuring three types of energy storage units according to different power consumption requirements. The first-level energy storage unit is adapted to the supply requirements of transient peak power consumption, the second-level energy storage unit is adapted to the supply requirements of daily load power consumption, and the third-level energy storage unit is adapted to the long-term energy storage requirements. Controllable switching devices are set at the input and output ends of each energy storage unit. By setting the control logic of the devices, a one-way or two-way energy transmission path is established between each energy storage unit, so that energy can be transmitted between different energy storage units according to scheduling requirements, while ensuring that the energy storage and release of each energy storage unit can be independently controlled and coordinated.

[0037] S2.3. Construct the load layer and complete the interface management with the energy consumption node model: A load layer is constructed within the three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-utilization. This load layer is responsible for load energy allocation and scheduling, acting as a bridge between the energy management architecture and the terminal energy consumption node model, and undertaking the core responsibilities of energy sensing and load scheduling. In this embodiment, the load layer is constructed by establishing a bidirectional data connection and energy transmission channel between the load layer and the terminal-independent energy consumption node model through a unified energy management interface independent of the terminal. The data connection enables the transmission of power consumption data and scheduling commands between the load layer and the energy consumption node model. The energy transmission channel enables the energy supply from the energy storage layer to the terminal. The load layer obtains the power consumption data of each energy consumption node model in real time through the unified energy management interface, performs energy sensing operations on the energy consumption status of each terminal, and then performs corresponding scheduling operations on each load based on the energy sensing results, ensuring that the energy supply matches the load's energy consumption requirements.

[0038] In some embodiments, the source acquisition layer may be equipped with an energy detection module to detect parameters such as voltage and current output by the photovoltaic conversion unit in real time. When the detected parameters exceed the set range, the operating parameters of the maximum power point tracking module are adjusted in a timely manner, and an abnormal parameter prompt is sent to the energy storage layer. The energy storage layer can temporarily adjust the energy receiving strategy according to the prompt to avoid the abnormal input electrical energy parameters affecting the normal operation of the energy storage unit. The controllable switching devices of each energy storage unit can adopt intelligent control switches, which can realize on-off control through remote commands to improve the scheduling flexibility of the energy transmission path.

[0039] In some specific implementations, for solar micro-energy harvesting and zero initial energy cold start, a fixed circuit architecture and startup process are adopted. The BQ25504 boost chip, which supports an ultra-low input voltage of 0.5V, is selected as the core acquisition device. This chip has a built-in maximum power point tracking function, a sampling period of 1 second, and can achieve an energy harvesting efficiency of no less than 90% in low-light environments. The cold start process is set as a fixed progressive wake-up step. First, the weak electrical energy above 0.5V output from the solar panel is boosted by the boost chip to charge the supercapacitor of the first-level energy storage unit. When the voltage of the first-level energy storage unit rises to 2.7V, the core MCU controller is started. After the MCU controller starts, it first completes its own basic function initialization, and then gradually wakes up the second-level and third-level energy storage units through controllable switching devices, completing the cold start process of the entire system. This startup process requires no initial external power input and can start autonomously with only a solar energy input of no less than 0.5V. Even if the solar panel is partially blocked and can only output a small amount of power, the system can still start autonomously. This solves the problems of traditional solar power supply solutions, such as the need for manual configuration of initial power, inability to start autonomously in zero energy state, and high maintenance costs for outdoor deployment.

[0040] In some specific implementations, fixed device parameters and control logic are used for the configuration of the three-level energy storage unit and the construction of the energy transmission path. The first-level energy storage unit uses a supercapacitor with a rated capacity of 20F and a rated voltage of 2.7V to independently supply the transient peak power consumption of the terminal, which can cover all transient power consumption requirements with a peak current of 500mA and a duration of less than 100ms. The second-level energy storage unit uses a lithium-ion capacitor with a rated capacity of 300F and a rated voltage of 3.8V, with an available capacity of 250mAh, to supply power for routine loads such as daily inspection and data refresh of the terminal. The third-level energy storage unit uses a lithium iron phosphate battery with a rated capacity of 15Ah and a rated voltage of 3.2V, with an available capacity of 12Ah, as a long-term energy reserve unit, which only intervenes to supplement power when the solar energy supply is insufficient. Each energy storage unit is equipped with a MOS controllable switching device with an on-resistance of less than 10mΩ and a response time of no more than 1ms. By setting the on-off logic of the switching device, a unidirectional power supply path is established between the first-level and second-level energy storage units, a bidirectional energy transfer path is established between the second-level and third-level energy storage units, and an independent power supply path is established between each energy storage unit and the load layer. This ensures that different energy storage units can work independently and cooperate with each other according to the set rules, and solves the problem that a single energy storage architecture cannot simultaneously adapt to transient peak power consumption and long-term endurance requirements, and that the cycle life of energy storage devices does not match the design life of the terminal.

[0041] In some specific implementations, to meet the wide-temperature-range operation requirements of energy storage systems, a biomimetic thermal management design is adopted, setting fixed structural parameters and temperature control schemes. The overall operating temperature range of the system covers -40℃ to +70℃. The summer heat dissipation design employs a biomimetic bark groove structure, with parallel grooves on the outer shell surface at a 15° angle to the vertical direction. The groove depth is set to 3mm, and the groove spacing is set to 5mm. This structure can increase the heat dissipation surface area of ​​the outer shell by more than 30%. At the same time, the guiding effect of the grooves promotes natural convection heat transfer. In actual measurements at an ambient temperature of +70℃, the internal temperature of the system can be 5℃ to 8℃ lower than the ambient temperature, avoiding capacity decay and shortened lifespan issues of energy storage devices due to high temperatures. The winter insulation design employs a double-layer structure. A 5mm thick sealed air gap is installed on the inner side of the outer shell, with a thermal conductivity of 0.026W / m・K, which can achieve basic insulation effect. The battery compartment of the three-level energy storage unit is wrapped with a phase change material with a melting point of -10℃ and a thickness of 2mm. When the ambient temperature is lower than the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material releases latent heat to maintain the temperature of the battery compartment. In actual tests, when the ambient temperature was -40℃, the internal temperature of the battery compartment could be maintained above -15℃, ensuring that the lithium iron phosphate battery can be charged and discharged normally. This solves the problem of energy storage devices failing to work and system shutdown in extreme low temperature environments in traditional solutions.

[0042] S3. Energy consumption data acquisition and scheduling mode matching: S3.1. Acquire and preprocess data related to energy storage and power generation: The system acquires real-time state-of-charge (SOC) data for each of the primary, secondary, and tertiary energy storage units within the three-tiered energy management architecture (source-storage-utilization). SOC data is specialized data characterizing the remaining energy of an energy storage unit and directly reflects its energy storage status, serving as a core basis for energy dispatch. Simultaneously, it acquires solar irradiance data for a predetermined future timeframe. Solar irradiance data is fundamental data characterizing solar radiation intensity over a future period. Based on this data, a trend prediction method is used to generate predicted solar power generation data. This trend prediction method is a commonly used technique in existing technologies for predicting future data trends based on historical and real-time data. In this embodiment, the method involves collecting historical data on the correlation between solar irradiance and solar power generation, establishing a correlation model between solar irradiance and power generation, and then inputting the acquired solar irradiance data for the predetermined future timeframe into the correlation model to generate corresponding predicted solar power generation data. After acquiring the above two types of data, synchronous verification and preprocessing operations are performed on the state of charge data and solar power generation prediction data. Synchronous verification refers to verifying whether the acquisition time and statistical period of the two types of data are consistent, so as to avoid the impact of inconsistent data dimensions on subsequent decision analysis. Preprocessing refers to removing outliers and missing values ​​in the data and completing incomplete data so that the data can be directly used for hierarchical decision-making in energy dispatch.

[0043] S3.2. Divide and switch the working modes of energy dispatch: Based on the preprocessed state of charge (SOC) data and solar power generation prediction data, corresponding operating modes are divided and switched. These operating modes include normal mode, supplementary power mode, direct power supply mode, and life support mode. Each operating mode corresponds to a unique energy dispatch rule. The energy dispatch rule refers to the collective term for the energy storage unit charging and discharging strategies, energy allocation methods, and load power supply rules set for different operating modes. In this embodiment, the division and switching of operating modes specifically involves establishing data threshold judgment rules. The preprocessed SOC data and solar power generation prediction data are compared with set thresholds. Based on the comparison results, the current operating mode to be executed is determined: when the SOC data of the energy storage unit is within the set normal range and the solar power generation prediction data can meet the daily energy consumption needs of the load, the system switches to normal mode; when the SOC data of the secondary energy storage unit is below the set threshold and the solar power generation prediction data cannot meet the short-term supplementary power needs, the system switches to supplementary power mode; when the secondary energy storage unit malfunctions and cannot operate normally, the system switches to direct power supply mode; when the SOC data of the tertiary energy storage unit is below the set low value and the solar power generation prediction data shows a long-term lack of sufficient sunlight, the system switches to life support mode. The energy scheduling rules for each working mode are pre-set, and the corresponding scheduling rules are executed immediately after the mode is switched.

[0044] S3.3. Determine the energy charging and discharging rules and sequence of the energy storage unit: Based on the selected operating mode, the energy charging and discharging paths and energy allocation rules for the corresponding energy storage units in the energy storage layer of the three-layer energy management architecture (source-storage-utilization) are determined, and the charging and discharging permissions and execution order of each energy storage unit are clarified. The energy charging and discharging path refers to the specific path of energy transmission between energy storage units and between energy storage units and the load, determined by the on / off state of the controllable switching devices between each energy storage unit. The energy allocation rule refers to determining the proportion and rate at which each energy storage unit supplies energy to the load based on the load's energy consumption requirements and the energy status of the energy storage units. The charging and discharging permission refers to whether each energy storage unit has the permission to charge or discharge in the current operating mode, and the execution order refers to the sequence in which each energy storage unit performs charging or discharging operations.

[0045] In this embodiment, the determination of energy charging and discharging paths and allocation rules specifically involves retrieving the corresponding path configuration and allocation scheme based on the selected working mode, forming a fixed energy charging and discharging path by controlling the on / off state of controllable switching devices, and then adjusting the energy allocation ratio and rate based on the real-time energy consumption data of the load and the state of charge data of the energy storage unit. The clarification of charging and discharging permissions and execution order specifically involves setting the charging and discharging permissions of each energy storage unit according to the scheduling rules corresponding to the working mode, and specifying the order in which each energy storage unit performs charging and discharging operations to ensure the orderly scheduling of energy.

[0046] In some embodiments, solar power generation prediction can be performed by combining multiple prediction methods. In addition to trend prediction, regression analysis algorithms can also be used. Regression analysis algorithms are statistical algorithms used in the prior art to analyze the correlation between variables. In this embodiment, the specific implementation of the algorithm is to use light intensity, temperature, and weather conditions as independent variables and solar power generation as the dependent variable to establish a regression analysis model. The model calculates and generates solar power generation prediction data. The average value of the prediction results from multiple methods can improve the accuracy of the prediction data. A buffer mechanism can be set for switching working modes. When the data threshold is in a critical state, the mode is not switched immediately, but the data changes are continuously monitored. The switching operation is performed only after the data stabilizes above or below the threshold, avoiding frequent mode switching due to data fluctuations.

[0047] In some specific implementations, clear numerical thresholds and judgment rules are set for the division and switching of energy dispatch working modes. The trigger condition for normal mode is set when the state of charge (SBC) of the secondary energy storage unit is greater than 30%. In this mode, the secondary energy storage unit undertakes all daily load power supply, the primary energy storage unit is only used for transient power consumption buffering, and the tertiary energy storage unit is in standby mode and does not participate in daily discharge. The trigger condition for supplementary power mode is set when the SBC of the secondary energy storage unit is less than 30% and the predicted solar irradiance for the next 2 hours is less than 200W / m². In this mode, the tertiary energy storage unit supplies power to the secondary energy storage unit with a constant current not exceeding 100mA. The system replenishes power to the secondary energy storage unit until its state of charge recovers to 60%, then stops replenishing power and switches back to normal mode. The direct supply mode is triggered when the secondary energy storage unit experiences voltage anomalies or temperature exceeding limits. In this mode, the secondary energy storage unit is bypassed, and the tertiary energy storage unit directly supplies power to the daily loads, while the primary energy storage unit retains its transient buffering function. The life support mode is triggered when the remaining power of the tertiary energy storage unit is below 20% and there is a prediction of no effective sunlight for the next 3 days. In this mode, all non-core loads are shut down, and only the emergency wake-up monitoring function is retained. The communication module performs a preamble monitoring operation only once per hour. All mode switching has a 5-minute numerical stability buffer period. Mode switching is only performed after the triggering conditions have consistently met the buffer period duration, avoiding frequent mode switching due to instantaneous data fluctuations. This solves the problems of traditional fixed threshold scheduling being unable to adapt to changes in sunlight and the shortened cycle life caused by frequent charging and discharging of energy storage batteries.

[0048] In some specific implementations, fixed terminal configurations and energy consumption calculation standards are set for the battery life in rainy weather scenarios involving mixed terminals. The connected terminals include 100 display terminals, 150 sensor terminals, and 50 control terminals. The average daily power consumption per display terminal is set at 0.8mAh, per sensor terminal at 0.3mAh, and per control terminal at 0.2mAh, for a total average daily power consumption of 135mAh. The energy storage configuration uses a 20F supercapacitor as the primary energy storage unit, a 300F lithium-ion capacitor as the secondary energy storage unit, and a 15Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as the tertiary energy storage unit. The secondary energy storage unit has a usable capacity of 250mAh, capable of independently supporting 1.85 days of daily load operation for the terminals; the tertiary energy storage unit has a usable capacity of 12Ah, capable of supporting approximately 88 days of daily load operation for the terminals. Combining the self-discharge loss of the energy storage unit and the circuit conversion efficiency loss, the actual continuous rainy days conservatively achieve a battery life of 15 to 45 days, which is far higher than the 3 to 5 days of traditional single lithium battery solutions and the 5 to 7 days of commercially available conventional solar power solutions in rainy days. This solves the problem of insufficient battery life and frequent terminal shutdowns of traditional solar power solutions in long-term rainy weather.

[0049] S4. Parameter Adjustment and Energy Closed-Loop Management: S4.1. Match the power consumption level corresponding to the operating mode: Based on the selected operating mode, a corresponding power consumption level is matched. The power consumption level is divided into four levels, each corresponding to a unique operating mode. The power consumption level is a classification standard set according to the terminal's energy supply requirements and energy-saving requirements for energy management. Different levels correspond to different load operating intensities and communication operating states, serving as the direct basis for subsequent adjustments to load operating parameters and communication parameters. In this embodiment, the matching of power consumption levels specifically involves establishing a one-to-one correspondence table between operating modes and power consumption levels. After selecting an operating mode, the matching power consumption level is directly retrieved from the correspondence table. Level 1 power consumption level corresponds to normal mode, Level 2 corresponds to supplementary power mode, Level 3 corresponds to direct power supply mode, and Level 4 corresponds to life support mode. Higher levels represent stricter energy supply restrictions and lower terminal operating intensity.

[0050] S4.2. Synchronously adjust the load and communication parameters of the energy consumption node model: Based on the matched power consumption operating level, the load operating parameter adjustment operation and the communication parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent power consumption node model are executed synchronously to make the adjusted parameters correspond to the power consumption operating level. The communication parameters of the terminal-independent power consumption node model include the spreading factor and the wake-up period. The spreading factor is a professional parameter in spread spectrum communication technology, used to characterize the spread factor of the signal, which directly affects the transmission rate and power consumption of the communication. The wake-up period refers to the time interval for the terminal communication module to be woken up from the sleep state, which directly affects the communication frequency and power consumption. The load operating parameters of the terminal-independent power consumption node model include the acquisition frequency and the refresh frequency. The acquisition frequency refers to the operating frequency of the terminal's acquisition modules such as sensors, and the refresh frequency refers to the operating frequency of the terminal's display, data update, and other modules. Both types of parameters directly affect the terminal's load power consumption.

[0051] In this embodiment, the specific implementation of parameter adjustment is to establish a configuration table corresponding to power consumption operation level and various parameters. According to the matched power consumption operation level, the corresponding parameter value is retrieved from the configuration table, and the load operation parameters and communication parameters of each energy consumption node model are adjusted synchronously to ensure the consistency of parameter adjustment, so that the terminal's operating status is adapted to the current energy management mode, while ensuring the coordination of load operation and communication work, and avoiding terminal malfunction due to adjustment of a single parameter.

[0052] S4.3. Perform energy charging and discharging and complete the data feedback closed loop: Following the established energy charging and discharging paths and energy allocation rules, the energy charging and discharging operations of the corresponding energy storage units in the energy storage layer of the three-layer energy management architecture (source-storage-use) are executed. Specifically, the energy charging and discharging operations are implemented by controlling the on / off states of the controllable switching devices corresponding to each energy storage unit according to the set charging and discharging permissions and execution order. This allows energy to be transferred between energy storage units or from energy storage units to the load layer according to the set paths and allocation ratios, providing energy supply to the terminal. Simultaneously, real-time power consumption data from the adjusted terminal-independent energy consumption node model is collected. This data directly reflects the actual energy consumption status of the terminal after parameter adjustment. The collected real-time power consumption data is fed back to the hierarchical decision-making operation stage of energy scheduling through a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface. This allows the hierarchical decision-making stage to adjust the energy scheduling strategy, operating mode, and parameter configuration in real time based on changes in the actual energy consumption of the terminal, forming a closed-loop energy management system of "data acquisition - decision analysis - parameter adjustment - energy charging and discharging - data feedback - strategy optimization," ensuring the dynamism and adaptability of energy management.

[0053] In some embodiments, parameter adjustment can be carried out in a gradient manner, gradually adjusting the load operating parameters and communication parameters according to the changes in power consumption operating level, so as to avoid damage to terminal hardware or interruption of operation due to sudden parameter changes; an energy monitoring module can be added to the energy charging and discharging operation to monitor the voltage, current, power and other parameters of energy transmission in real time. When abnormal parameters are detected, the corresponding energy transmission path is immediately cut off, the energy charging and discharging operation is stopped, and an abnormal alarm is sent to the energy scheduling hierarchical decision-making link. The operation is resumed after the fault is eliminated.

[0054] In some specific implementations, a four-level fixed parameter configuration standard is set for matching power consumption operation levels with load and communication parameters. The first-level power consumption operation level corresponds to normal mode, where communication parameters are set to LoRa spreading factor SF=7, wake-up period of 1 hour, and full-function bidirectional communication is supported. Load operation parameters are set to sensor acquisition frequency of 1 time / 10 minutes and display refresh rate of 1 time / hour, with full-function load operating normally. The second-level power consumption operation level corresponds to power-up mode, where communication parameters are set to LoRa spreading factor SF=9, wake-up period of 2 hours, and only regular data reporting and critical command reception are supported. Load operation parameters are set to... The sensor sampling frequency is once every 30 minutes, the display refresh function is disabled, and only the core data acquisition function is retained. Level 3 power consumption operation corresponds to direct power supply mode. At this level, communication parameters are set to LoRa spreading factor SF=11, wake-up cycle is 4 hours, and only critical control commands are received. Load operation parameters are set to sensor sampling frequency once every 2 hours, and all unnecessary peripheral power supplies are turned off. Level 4 power consumption operation corresponds to life support mode. At this level, communication parameters are set to disable transmission function, and only emergency preamble listening is performed once per hour. Load operation parameters are set to disable all regular acquisition, display, and control functions, retaining only the minimum core wake-up listening function. All parameter adjustments are performed synchronously to ensure that communication power consumption and load power consumption are adjusted in sync, avoiding the energy consumption and performance mismatch caused by adjusting a single parameter. This solves the problem that the terminal cannot dynamically adjust power consumption and maximize battery life when the energy state changes.

[0055] This embodiment achieves terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization management through a full-process operation encompassing energy consumption characteristic abstraction and interface construction, multi-layer energy management architecture setup and integration, energy consumption data acquisition and scheduling mode matching, parameter adjustment, and closed-loop energy management. This decouples energy management operations from the specific business functions of the terminal, focusing solely on the terminal's energy consumption characteristics. This effectively improves the adaptability of the energy management solution, enabling it to connect to various outdoor low-power terminals with different business functions without requiring customized development for different terminals, thus reducing the implementation cost of energy management. Simultaneously, by constructing a three-layer energy management architecture (source-storage-utilization), it achieves hierarchical control over solar energy collection, storage, and utilization. The collaborative cooperation of the three-level energy storage units makes energy storage and supply more targeted, adapting to different power consumption needs of the terminal and improving energy utilization efficiency. Hierarchical decision-making, working mode switching, and dynamic parameter adjustment allow energy scheduling to be optimized in real time based on the status of energy storage units and solar power generation prediction data, ensuring the stability of energy supply. Even in situations of insufficient solar energy supply, reasonable mode switching and parameter adjustments can maintain the basic operational needs of the terminal. Furthermore, the construction of closed-loop energy management enables real-time data feedback and dynamic strategy optimization throughout the entire energy management process, avoiding the blindness of energy dispatch and allowing timely adjustments to dispatch strategies based on actual energy consumption changes at the terminals, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of energy management. This method, through the orderly linkage of each step and the comprehensive application of technical means, solves the problems of poor terminal adaptability, passive energy dispatch, and low utilization efficiency in traditional solar energy management solutions. It allows solar energy management to better meet the long-term operational needs of outdoor low-power terminals, achieving efficient energy utilization while ensuring the stability and continuity of terminal operation. It provides a standardized and intelligent management solution for solar power supply to outdoor low-power terminals, and its layered, decoupled, and closed-loop design provides a reference implementation path for the design of similar energy management solutions.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or related technologies or knowledge. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A terminal-independent solar energy storage energy management method, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect power consumption data from the access terminal, perform standardization processing on the collected power consumption data, perform energy consumption feature extraction operation on the terminal, strip the terminal's business function attributes, and construct a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface; the terminal-independent energy consumption node model includes the standardized power consumption data of the terminal, and the terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface only transmits the standardized power consumption data. S2. Construct a three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-use. The three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-use includes a source acquisition layer, an energy storage layer, and a load layer. The energy storage layer is set up with three levels of energy storage units, and the load layer is connected to the terminal-independent energy consumption node model through a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface. S3. Obtain the state of charge data of each energy storage unit in the energy storage layer, as well as the solar power generation prediction data within a set time period. Based on the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, perform hierarchical decision-making operations for energy scheduling, and divide and match the corresponding working modes. S4. Based on the working mode determined by hierarchical decision-making, adjust the load operation parameters and communication parameters of the energy consumption node model that is independent of the terminal in the load layer, determine the corresponding energy charging and discharging path, execute the corresponding energy charging and discharging operation, and complete the closed-loop energy management.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step S1 includes: S1.

1. Collect power consumption data from the access terminals. The power consumption data includes standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average energy consumption. Perform standardization processing on the collected power consumption data to unify the statistical dimensions and measurement standards of the power consumption data and eliminate the differences in power consumption data formats between different terminals. S1.

2. Strip away the terminal's business function attributes, remove the three non-energy consumption parameters of the terminal's business function type, business execution logic, and business output form, and retain only the three types of data after standardization: standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average power consumption. S1.

3. Based on the standardized power consumption data retained by all terminals, construct a terminal-independent energy consumption node model and a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface. The terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface only transmits the standardized power consumption data.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step S2 includes: S2.

1. Construct the source acquisition layer of the three-layer energy management architecture of source-storage-utilization, collect solar energy through photovoltaic conversion units, perform maximum power point tracking operation, adjust the working parameters of photovoltaic conversion units, and output the collected and converted electrical energy to the energy storage layer of the three-layer energy management architecture; S2.

2. Construct the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture. The energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture includes a primary energy storage unit, a secondary energy storage unit, and a tertiary energy storage unit. The primary energy storage unit, the secondary energy storage unit, and the tertiary energy storage unit correspond to different power consumption adaptation scenarios. Controllable switching devices are set between each energy storage unit to establish corresponding energy transmission paths. S2.

3. Construct the load layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture, enabling the load layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture to establish data connection and energy transmission channel with the terminal-independent energy consumption node model through a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface, and perform energy sensing and scheduling operations on the load.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step S3 includes: S3.

1. Real-time acquisition of the state of charge data of the first-level energy storage unit, second-level energy storage unit, and third-level energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-utilization three-layer energy management architecture; acquisition of solar intensity data within a future set time period; generation of solar power generation prediction data based on solar intensity data; and synchronous verification and preprocessing operations on the state of charge data and solar power generation prediction data. S3.

2. Based on the preprocessed state of charge data and solar power generation prediction data, the corresponding working modes are divided and switched. The working modes include normal mode, supplementary power mode, direct power supply mode and life support mode. Each working mode corresponds to a unique energy dispatch rule. S3.

3. Based on the selected working mode, determine the energy charging and discharging path and energy allocation rules of the corresponding energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, and clarify the charging and discharging permissions and execution order of each energy storage unit.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: S4.

1. Based on the selected operating mode, match the corresponding power consumption level. The power consumption level is divided into four levels, and each power consumption level corresponds to a unique operating mode. S4.

2. Based on the matched power consumption operating level, synchronously execute the load operating parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the communication parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model, so that the adjusted parameters correspond to the power consumption operating level. S4.

3. According to the determined energy charging and discharging path and energy allocation rules, execute the energy charging and discharging operation of the corresponding energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture, collect the real-time power consumption data of the adjusted terminal-independent energy consumption node model, and feed the real-time power consumption data back to the hierarchical decision-making operation of energy scheduling.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1.2, during the process of stripping the terminal's service function attributes, only three types of data are retained: standby power consumption, transient power consumption, and daily average energy consumption after the terminal's standardized processing. The three types of non-energy consumption parameters—service function type, service execution logic, and service output form—are not introduced. Based on the three types of standardized power consumption data retained, a corresponding terminal-independent energy consumption node model is generated for each access terminal. Each terminal-independent energy consumption node model only contains the three types of standardized power consumption data and does not contain service function-related parameters of the terminal. For all access terminals, the same parameter retention rules and terminal-independent energy consumption node model generation process are adopted.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2.2, the primary energy storage unit is used to handle transient peak power consumption, the secondary energy storage unit is used to handle daily load power consumption, and the tertiary energy storage unit is used for long-term energy storage. Controllable switching devices are set between the primary, secondary, and tertiary energy storage units to establish corresponding energy transmission paths. The primary, secondary, and tertiary energy storage units perform coordinated charging and discharging operations according to the set energy distribution rules. The charging and discharging operations of the primary energy storage unit are executed before those of the secondary energy storage unit, and the charging and discharging operations of the secondary energy storage unit are executed before those of the tertiary energy storage unit. The supply of transient power consumption is completed only through the primary energy storage unit, and the supply of daily load power consumption is completed only through the secondary energy storage unit.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3.2, during the switching of the working mode, the energy replenishment operation of the solar power generation to the first-level energy storage unit, second-level energy storage unit, and third-level energy storage unit in the energy storage layer of the source-storage-use three-layer energy management architecture is executed first. Then, the energy replenishment operation from the third-level energy storage unit to the second-level energy storage unit is executed. Only when the predicted solar power generation data within the set time period is lower than the set value, the energy replenishment operation from the third-level energy storage unit to the second-level energy storage unit is initiated. During the energy replenishment operation, the energy transfer is completed according to the set constant current. When the state of charge data of the second-level energy storage unit reaches the set threshold, the energy replenishment operation is stopped and the system switches to normal mode.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4.2, the communication parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model and the load operation parameter adjustment operation of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model are executed synchronously. The communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model include the spreading factor and the wake-up period. The load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model include the acquisition frequency and the refresh frequency. The values ​​of the load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model correspond one-to-one with the power consumption operation level. The values ​​of the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model correspond one-to-one with the power consumption operation level. When the power consumption operation level increases, the execution frequency corresponding to the load operation parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model increases synchronously, the wake-up period corresponding to the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model shortens synchronously, and the spreading factor decreases synchronously. When the power consumption operation level decreases, the load operation parameters and the communication parameters of the terminal-independent energy consumption node model undergo the opposite adjustment operation.

10. A terminal-independent solar energy storage and utilization management system, used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes a source acquisition module, a three-level energy storage module, an energy management unit, and a load adaptation module; The source acquisition module is used for solar energy acquisition and maximum power point tracking operations, completing the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy; The three-level energy storage module is connected to the source acquisition module to store the electrical energy converted by the source acquisition module in a hierarchical manner and establish a hierarchical and controllable energy transmission path. The energy management unit is connected to the source acquisition module, the three-level energy storage module, and the load adaptation module respectively, and is used to perform energy scheduling hierarchical decision-making operations and working mode switching operations. The load adaptation module is equipped with a terminal-independent unified energy consumption management interface to interface with the access terminal and perform load operating parameters and communication parameters adjustment operations.

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