A flush fluid driven turbine down-the-hole hammer

Abstract

This invention discloses a flushing fluid-driven turbine-type bottom hole impact drill bit, relating to the drilling field. The drill bit includes a drill pipe joint, a turbine, a main shaft, a drive shaft, a T-shaped slider, a connecting rod, a hammer, an anvil, and a drill bit. The turbine is located inside the upper end of the drill pipe joint, with its lower end fixed to the upper end of the main shaft, and the lower end of the main shaft fixed to the upper end of the drive shaft. The outer surface of the drive shaft has an undulating T-shaped groove, within which the T-shaped slider slides. The slider is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, and the lower end of the connecting rod is connected to the hammer. An anvil is located below the hammer, with its lower end fixed to the drill bit. During operation, the flushing fluid drives the turbine to rotate, causing the main shaft and drive shaft to rotate. The T-shaped slider slides along the undulating groove, driving the hammer to reciprocate up and down via the connecting rod, impacting the anvil and transmitting the impact force to the drill bit, achieving impact-rotation composite rock breaking. This invention features a simple structure, high reliability, and convenient adjustment of impact power and frequency, significantly improving the rock breaking efficiency of medium-hard to hard formations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of drilling technology, and more specifically, to a flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill. Background Technology

[0002] As deep resource exploration and development, geological drilling, oil and gas drilling, and engineering infrastructure drilling extend to deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and complex hard rock formations, traditional rotary drilling methods face prominent problems such as low rock-breaking efficiency, slow mechanical drilling speed, severe drill bit wear, large drill string vibration, and frequent in-hole accidents, making them unable to meet the demands of efficient drilling operations. Hard rock, dense rock, and highly abrasive formations are characterized by high compressive strength, high brittleness, strong resistance to rotary cutting, and weak resistance to impact loads. Adopting a combined impact and rotary rock-breaking technology can significantly improve rock-breaking efficiency, extend drill bit life, and reduce drilling costs, becoming the mainstream technical direction for solving the challenges of deep hard rock drilling.

[0003] Existing bottom-hole percussion drilling tools mostly employ valve-controlled flow distribution, jet drive, or piston reciprocating structures, relying on changes in flushing fluid pressure to drive the percussion mechanism. While this improves drilling efficiency to some extent, it still suffers from problems such as numerous internal moving parts, complex structure, susceptibility to erosion and wear from rock cuttings and solid particles, short service life, and high on-site maintenance costs. Turbine drilling tools, as all-metal bottom-hole power drilling tools, rely on flushing fluid to drive the turbine rotor to output torque and speed. They possess significant advantages such as high temperature resistance, wear resistance, stable speed, strong adaptability to drilling fluids, resistance to stalling, and low lateral vibration. Currently, there are attempts to develop drilling tools that combine turbine power with percussion mechanisms, but existing technologies mostly focus on torsional impact or single-dimensional impact, generally suffering from poor coupling between power and impact mechanisms, low impact energy utilization, insufficient structural integration, and poor overall reliability, failing to fully leverage the synergistic effect of turbine power and percussion rock breaking. In summary, existing bottom hole percussion drilling tools have significant shortcomings in terms of power source, structural design, energy conversion efficiency, and formation adaptability, making it difficult to meet the engineering requirements for efficient, stable, and low-cost drilling in deep and complex formations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill to solve the problem of low drilling efficiency in hard rock in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a flushing fluid driven turbine-type bottom hole impact drill, such as... Figure 1As shown. The impact drill includes a drill pipe joint, a turbine, a spindle, a drive shaft, a T-slide block, a connecting rod, a hammer, an anvil, and a drill bit. The turbine is located inside the upper end of the drill pipe joint, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the spindle. The lower end of the spindle is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drive shaft. The outer surface of the drive shaft has an undulating T-slot, and the T-slide block is slidably disposed within the T-slot. The T-slide block is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, and the lower end of the connecting rod is connected to the hammer. An anvil is located below the hammer, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the drill bit.

[0007] A preferred embodiment of the present invention includes an impact drill bit comprising an upper support ring, an upper thrust bearing, an outer tube for the support ring, a lower thrust bearing, a lower support ring, an intermediate joint, a pin, a guide ring, a lock nut, and a lower joint. The upper support ring and the upper thrust bearing are sleeved on the upper part of the main shaft, while the lower thrust bearing and the lower support ring are sleeved on the lower part of the main shaft. The outer tube for the support ring is located outside the upper support ring, the upper thrust bearing, the main shaft, the lower thrust bearing, and the lower support ring. The upper end of the outer tube for the support ring is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drill pipe joint, and the lower end of the outer tube for the support ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the intermediate joint. The lower end of the intermediate joint is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower joint. The lower end of the anvil and the drill bit are located on the lower outer end side of the lower joint. The pin is mounted on the T-shaped slider to confine the T-shaped slider within the T-shaped groove. The guide ring is fixedly mounted inside the lower joint or the intermediate joint, and the connecting rod passes through the guide ring and slides within it. The lock nut is located at the lower end of the connecting rod to fix the impact hammer to the connecting rod.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drill pipe joint is made of S135 grade high-strength alloy steel and has sealing steps at both ends.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the turbine is made of TC11 titanium alloy high-strength alloy steel, and a single-stage turbine or a double-stage turbine is used depending on the required impact energy.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper support ring and the lower support ring are circular ring-shaped components with a certain thickness, and a through hole is provided in the center for passing through and fixing the main shaft. At the same time, the first water passage hole is symmetrically arranged around the central hole as a flushing channel.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide ring is a circular ring-shaped component with a certain thickness, a second water passage hole is provided in the center, and limit holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides to limit the lateral displacement of the connecting rod.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the hammer is made of stainless steel and precision machined. The anvil is made of forged high-strength iron-carbon alloy and has an internal flushing fluid channel.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drill bit body is made of high-strength alloy steel and is inlaid with spherical tungsten-cobalt alloy cutting tools for impact shearing and crushing rocks. The drill bit is provided with a flushing fluid channel inside.

[0014] This invention provides a method for using the above-mentioned flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Assemble all components into a complete drill bit, connect it to the upper drill rod via the drill rod joint, and lower the impact drill bit into the hole. Calculate the position of the drill bit in the hole based on the drilling depth and the length of the drill rod. Stop drilling when the drill bit is 0.5 meters from the bottom of the hole.

[0016] Step 2: Turn on the ground mud pump. The flushing fluid enters the drill pipe joint along the drill pipe and passes through the first water passage of the upper and lower support rings, the second water passage of the guide ring, the flushing fluid channel of the anvil and the drill bit in sequence to enter the bottom of the hole and remove the rock powder from the previous drilling at the bottom of the hole.

[0017] Step 3: After cleaning the bottom of the hole, lower the impact drill bit to the bottom of the hole and start the drilling machine. The drill rod drives the impact drill bit to rotate while applying a certain drilling pressure to the drill bit. At this time, the flushing fluid drives the turbine to rotate, and the turbine drives the main shaft and drive shaft to rotate. The T-shaped slider slides in the T-shaped groove on the surface of the drive shaft. Since the T-shaped groove is undulating, the T-shaped slider drives the connecting rod and the impact hammer to move up and down reciprocally. During the downward movement of the impact hammer, it impacts the anvil and transmits the impact force to the drill bit through the anvil. The drill bit breaks the rock under the combined action of rotational torque, drilling pressure and impact force.

[0018] Step 4: After the drilling cycle is completed, stop the pump, lift the impact drill to the ground using the drill rod, inspect the impact drill and replace the drill bit.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the invention are:

[0020] This invention relates to a flushing fluid-driven turbine-type bottom-hole impact drill bit. The flushing fluid drives a turbine to rotate, which in turn drives a drive shaft. The drive shaft, via surface slides and sliders, drives a connecting rod and a hammer in a reciprocating motion. Compared to existing impact drill bits, this design features a simpler structure, better coupling of the impact mechanism, and higher impact energy utilization. This flushing fluid-driven turbine-type bottom-hole impact drill bit eliminates easily damaged parts such as springs and weak components, resulting in high service life and reliability. The impact energy and frequency can be adjusted by modifying the number of turbines, the flow rate and pressure of the flushing fluid, and the weight of the hammer, making adjustment very convenient. This flushing fluid-driven turbine-type bottom-hole impact drill bit requires no specialized technical maintenance and is easy to use. This flushing fluid-driven turbine-type bottom-hole impact drill bit can be widely applied in drilling fields in geology, petroleum, hydropower, coal, and metallurgy sectors. The flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill of the present invention can adjust the magnitude of the impact energy by adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the flushing fluid and the weight of the impact hammer, and the impact energy has a large range of variation. Therefore, the impact drill can be used in medium-hard to hard formations and has a wide range of applicable formations. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the invention structure;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the invention;

[0023] Figure 3 For invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Drill pipe joint, 2-Turbine, 3-Upper support ring, 4-Upper thrust bearing, 5-Main spindle, 6-Outer tube of support ring, 7-Lower thrust bearing, 8-Lower support ring, 9-Intermediate joint, 10-Drive shaft, 11-Pin, 12-T-slider, 13-Connecting rod, 14-Guide ring, 15-Locking nut, 16-Hammer, 17-Lower joint, 18-Anvil, 19-Drill bit, 20-T-slide groove, 21-First water passage hole, 22-Second water passage hole. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a flushing fluid-driven turbine-type bottom hole impact drill, such as... Figure 1 As shown. The impact drill includes a drill pipe joint 1, a turbine 2, a spindle 5, a drive shaft 10, a T-slider 12, a connecting rod 13, a hammer 16, an anvil 18, and a drill bit 19.

[0027] The turbine 2 is located inside the upper end of the drill pipe joint 1. The lower end of the turbine 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the spindle 5, and the lower end of the spindle 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drive shaft 10. The outer surface of the drive shaft 10 is provided with a T-shaped groove 20 with up-and-down undulating grooves. The T-shaped slider 12 is slidably disposed in the T-shaped groove 20. The T-shaped slider 12 is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod 13, and the lower end of the connecting rod 13 is connected to the punch 16. An anvil 18 is provided below the punch 16, and the lower end of the anvil 18 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 19.

[0028] The impact drill bit also includes an upper support ring 3, an upper thrust bearing 4, a support ring outer tube 6, a lower thrust bearing 7, a lower support ring 8, an intermediate joint 9, a pin 11, a guide ring 14, a lock nut 15, and a lower joint 17. The upper support ring 3 and the upper thrust bearing 4 are fitted onto the upper part of the main shaft 5, and the lower thrust bearing 7 and the lower support ring 8 are fitted onto the lower part of the main shaft 5. The support ring outer tube 6 is located outside the upper support ring 3, the upper thrust bearing 4, the main shaft 5, the lower thrust bearing 7, and the lower support ring 8. The upper end of the support ring outer tube 6 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drill pipe joint 1, and the lower end of the support ring outer tube 6 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the intermediate joint 9. The lower end of the intermediate joint 9 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower joint 17. The lower end of the anvil 18 and the drill bit 19 are located on the lower outer end side of the lower joint 17. The pin 11 is mounted on the T-shaped slider 12 to confine the T-shaped slider 12 within the T-shaped groove 20. The guide ring 14 is fixedly installed inside the lower connector 17 or the intermediate connector 9, and the connecting rod 13 passes through the guide ring 14 and slides in fit. The lock nut 15 is installed at the lower end of the connecting rod 13 and is used to fix the punch 16 to the connecting rod 13.

[0029] The drill pipe joint 1 is made of S135 grade high-strength alloy steel and has sealing steps at both ends.

[0030] Turbine 2 is made of TC11 titanium alloy high-strength alloy steel. Depending on the required impact energy, it can be a single-stage turbine or a two-stage turbine.

[0031] The upper support ring 3 and the lower support ring 8 are circular ring-shaped components with a certain thickness. A through hole is provided in the center for the main shaft 5 to pass through and be fixed. At the same time, four first water passage holes 21 are symmetrically arranged around the central hole as flushing channels.

[0032] The guide ring 14 is a circular ring-shaped component with a certain thickness. It has a second water passage hole 22 in the center and limit holes arranged symmetrically on both sides to limit the lateral displacement of the connecting rod.

[0033] The punch 16 is made of stainless steel and precision machined. The anvil 18 is made of forged high-strength iron-carbon alloy and has an internal flushing fluid channel.

[0034] The steel body of drill bit 19 is made of high-strength alloy steel and is inlaid with spherical tungsten-cobalt alloy cutting tools for impact shearing and crushing rocks. The drill bit is equipped with a flushing fluid channel inside.

[0035] The working principle of the flushing fluid-driven turbine-type bottom hole impact drill provided in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: The flushing fluid drives the turbine 2 to rotate, and the turbine 2 drives the main shaft 5 and drive shaft 10, which are fixedly connected to it, to rotate together. The outer surface of the drive shaft 10 is provided with a T-shaped groove 20 with up-and-down undulating surfaces. The T-shaped slider 12 is always kept within the T-shaped groove 20 under the constraint of the pin 11. When the drive shaft 10 rotates, the T-shaped slider 12 is forced to slide along the up-and-down undulating T-shaped groove 20, thereby converting the continuous rotational motion of the drive shaft 10 into the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the T-shaped slider 12 itself. The T-shaped slider 12 drives the hammer 16 to move up and down synchronously through the connecting rod 13. When the hammer 16 moves downward, it impacts the anvil 18 below at a certain speed, and the impact force is transmitted to the drill bit 19 through the anvil 18. Under the combined action of the rotational torque, drilling pressure and impact force transmitted by the drill string, the drill bit 19 performs impact-rotation composite crushing of the rock at the bottom of the hole.

[0036] This invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Assemble all components into a complete drilling tool, connect it to the upper drill rod through drill rod joint 1, and lower the impact drill into the hole. Calculate the position of drill bit 19 in the hole based on the drilling depth and the length of the drill rod. Stop drilling when drill bit 19 is 0.5 meters from the bottom of the hole.

[0038] Step 2: Turn on the ground mud pump. The flushing fluid enters the drill pipe joint 1 along the drill pipe and passes through the first water passage 21 of the upper support ring 3 and the lower support ring 8, the second water passage 22 of the guide ring 14, the anvil 18 and the flushing fluid channel of the drill bit 19 in sequence to enter the bottom of the hole and remove the rock powder from the previous drilling at the bottom of the hole.

[0039] Step 3: After the bottom of the hole is cleaned, the impact drill is lowered to the bottom of the hole and the drilling machine is started. The drill rod drives the impact drill to rotate while applying a certain drilling pressure to the drill bit 19. At this time, the flushing fluid drives the turbine 2 to rotate. The turbine 2 drives the main shaft 5 and the drive shaft 10 to rotate. The T-shaped slider 12 slides in the T-shaped groove 20 on the surface of the drive shaft 10. Since the T-shaped groove 20 is undulating, the T-shaped slider 12 drives the connecting rod 13 and the hammer 16 to move up and down reciprocally. During the downward movement of the hammer 16, it impacts the anvil 18 and transmits the impact force to the drill bit 19 through the anvil 18. The drill bit 19 breaks the rock under the combined action of the rotational torque, drilling pressure and impact force.

[0040] Step 4: After the drilling cycle is completed, stop the pump, lift the impact drill to the ground using the drill rod, inspect the impact drill and replace the drill bit.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A flushing fluid-driven turbine-type bottom hole impact drill, characterized in that, It includes a drill pipe joint (1), a turbine (2), a spindle (5), a drive shaft (10), a T-slider (12), a connecting rod (13), a hammer (16), an anvil (18), and a drill bit (19). The turbine (2) is located inside the upper end of the drill pipe joint (1), the lower end of the turbine (2) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the main shaft (5), and the lower end of the main shaft (5) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drive shaft (10). The outer surface of the drive shaft (10) is provided with a T-shaped groove (20) with up-and-down undulations. The T-shaped slider (12) is slidably disposed in the T-shaped groove (20). The T-shaped slider (12) is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod (13), and the lower end of the connecting rod (13) is connected to the punch (16). The anvil (18) is disposed below the hammer (16), and the lower end of the anvil (18) is fixedly connected to the drill bit (19).

2. The flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an upper support ring (3), an upper thrust bearing (4), a support ring outer tube (6), a lower thrust bearing (7), a lower support ring (8), an intermediate joint (9), a pin (11), a guide ring (14), a lock nut (15), and a lower joint (17). The upper support ring (3) and the upper thrust bearing (4) are sleeved on the upper part of the main shaft (5), and the lower thrust bearing (7) and the lower support ring (8) are sleeved on the lower part of the main shaft (5). The outer tube (6) of the support ring is located outside the upper support ring (3), the upper thrust bearing (4), the main shaft (5), the lower thrust bearing (7) and the lower support ring (8). The upper end of the outer tube (6) of the support ring is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drill pipe joint (1), and the lower end of the outer tube (6) of the support ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the intermediate joint (9). The lower end of the intermediate connector (9) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower connector (17); The lower end of the anvil (18) and the drill bit (19) are located on the lower outer end side of the lower connector (17); The pin (11) is disposed on the T-shaped slider (12) for confining the T-shaped slider (12) within the T-shaped groove (20); The guide ring (14) is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the lower connector (17) or the intermediate connector (9), and the connecting rod (13) passes through the guide ring (14) and slides in fit; The lock nut (15) is located at the lower end of the connecting rod (13) and is used to fix the punch (16) on the connecting rod (13).

3. The flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill pipe joint (1) is made of S135 grade high-strength alloy steel and has sealing steps at both ends.

4. The flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turbine (2) is made of TC11 titanium alloy high-strength alloy steel. Depending on the required impact energy, it can be a single-stage turbine or a double-stage turbine.

5. The flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper support ring (3) and the lower support ring (8) are circular ring-shaped components with a certain thickness. A through hole is provided in the center for passing through and fixing the main shaft (5). At the same time, the first water passage hole (21) is symmetrically arranged around the central hole as a flushing channel.

6. A flushing fluid driven turbine-type bottom hole impact drill according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The guide ring (14) is a circular ring-shaped component with a certain thickness. It has a second water passage hole (22) in the center and limit holes arranged symmetrically on both sides to limit the lateral displacement of the connecting rod.

7. The flushing fluid driven turbine bottom hole impact drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hammer (16) is made of stainless steel and is precision machined; the anvil (18) is made of forged high-strength iron-carbon alloy and has a flushing fluid channel inside.

8. A flushing fluid driven turbine-type bottom hole impact drill according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drill bit (19) is made of high-strength alloy steel and is inlaid with spherical tungsten-cobalt alloy cutting tools for impact shearing and crushing rocks. The drill bit is equipped with a flushing fluid channel inside.

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