A composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates

Abstract

This invention discloses a composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates. The mold includes a composite mold body with a segmented structure, comprising a lower copper mold body and an upper cast steel mold body. The copper mold body and the cast steel mold body are fixedly connected by a dovetail groove inlay structure. The copper mold body is configured as a permanent section, while the cast steel mold body is configured as a replaceable section. The ears of the cast steel mold body are movable and detachably connected to the side frame of the cast steel mold body by bolts. This invention, by employing a copper-steel composite structure, fully utilizes the excellent thermal conductivity of copper and the good structural strength of steel, effectively solving the problems of surface cracking, frame cracking, and ear deformation common in existing molds. This significantly extends the service life of the mold, reduces maintenance costs, and improves the casting quality of the anode plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of copper smelting equipment, and specifically relates to a composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates. Background Technology

[0002] In the copper smelting process, anode plate casting is one of the key steps. The performance of the casting mold, such as its resistance to thermal fatigue and structural strength, directly affects the quality of the anode plates, the pass rate of their physical appearance, and production efficiency.

[0003] Currently, the anode plate casting molds commonly used in the industry are mainly divided into two types: steel molds and copper molds. However, both types of molds have a relatively short service life in practical applications. Under the long-term repeated thermal shock and cooling cycle of high-temperature molten copper (approximately 1100-1200℃), the molds are prone to various forms of damage: First, the casting surface of the mold is prone to cracking, which is caused by the repeated thermal stress on the material; second, the frame of the mold is prone to cracking, as this part serves as a structural support and is prone to fracture at stress concentration points under the combined effects of casting pressure and thermal expansion and contraction; third, the ears of the mold (the structure used for lifting and transporting anode plates) are prone to shrinkage and deformation, resulting in the anode plates becoming unusable and increasing the scrap rate.

[0004] Frequent mold damage not only leads to high mold replacement costs but also disrupts production continuity and reduces production efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of anode plate casting mold with a longer service life, stronger damage resistance, and easier maintenance to solve the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the technical problems of short service life, easy cracking of casting surface, cracking of frame, and shrinkage deformation of ear of existing steel mold and copper mold, the present invention provides a composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates, so as to extend the mold life, reduce maintenance costs, improve the casting quality of anode plates and production efficiency.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates includes a composite mold body, which has an upper and lower segmented structure, including a copper mold body at the lower part and a cast steel mold body at the upper part; preferably, the copper mold body is made of T2 copper; the cast steel mold body is made of ZG230-450 cast steel.

[0007] The copper mold body and the cast steel mold body are detachably connected by a dovetail groove inlay structure; this connection method can ensure that the two are firmly connected and the force is evenly distributed, while facilitating disassembly and assembly during subsequent maintenance.

[0008] The copper mold body is a permanent section used to directly or indirectly support molten copper at high temperatures; the cast steel mold body is a replaceable section. The cast steel mold body includes a side frame and an ear, the ear being detachably connected to the side frame by fasteners.

[0009] In this invention, the copper mold body, as the core load-bearing part of the mold, is designed as a permanently usable section. Its excellent thermal conductivity (preferably T2 copper) can quickly and evenly disperse the enormous thermal stress generated during casting, effectively suppressing cracking on the casting surface and ensuring long-term stable operation. The cast steel mold body, as the upper structural part, is designed as a replaceable section. It can be completely disassembled and replaced according to wear or damage during use. Furthermore, the most vulnerable ear structure is designed as a movable structure independent of the side frame of the cast steel mold body. The ear is detachably connected to the side frame of the cast steel mold body via bolts or other fasteners, so that when the ear is damaged, only the ear needs to be replaced, without replacing the entire cast steel mold body, greatly reducing maintenance costs and downtime.

[0010] Preferably, the dovetail groove inlay structure includes a dovetail boss disposed on the upper end face of the copper mold body, and a dovetail groove disposed on the lower end face of the cast steel mold body, which matches the shape and size of the dovetail boss.

[0011] Preferably, at least one locating pin is provided at the connection between the copper mold body and the cast steel mold body. The locating pin penetrates the sidewall of the dovetail boss and the dovetail groove to prevent relative displacement between the two.

[0012] Preferably, the height of the dovetail boss is 40–60 mm, and the dovetail angle is 45°–60°; the fitting clearance between the dovetail boss and the dovetail groove is 1–3 mm. This size range ensures the load-bearing capacity of the connection and the ease of assembly and disassembly.

[0013] Preferably, bolt mounting holes are pre-set on the inner side of the side frame of the cast steel mold body, and corresponding connecting holes are provided at the connecting end of the ear. Countersunk bolts are threaded through the bolt mounting holes and connected to the connecting holes to achieve a secure fastening of the ear. The countersunk bolts are made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel.

[0014] Preferably, the top and / or bottom of the cast steel mold are symmetrically provided with multiple lifting holes for lifting when the cast steel mold is replaced as a whole, thereby improving the replacement efficiency.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The mold of the present invention utilizes the composite structure of copper mold body and cast steel mold body, which allows the excellent thermal conductivity of copper material to be brought into play, quickly disperses thermal stress, and eliminates the problem of cracking on the casting surface; at the same time, the excellent strength and toughness of cast steel material ensures the structural integrity of the mold and reduces cracking of the frame. The two work together to greatly improve the overall life of the mold.

[0016] 2. The present invention designs the vulnerable upper part as a cast steel mold body that can be replaced as a whole, and designs the most vulnerable ear part as an independent detachable structure. During maintenance, the upper mold body can be replaced as a whole or only the ear part can be replaced depending on the damage, thus realizing graded maintenance and greatly saving material and maintenance time costs.

[0017] 3. The mold connection of this invention is firm and has good thermal stability, avoiding dimensional deviations and scrap problems of the anode plates caused by mold deformation, thus improving the physical qualification rate of the anode plates. At the same time, the convenient disassembly and assembly structure shortens the mold replacement and maintenance time, ensuring production continuity. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the mold of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cast steel mold.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1-cast steel mold body, 2-bronze mold body, 3-dovetail boss, 4-dovetail groove, 5-ear, 6-countersunk head connecting bolt, 7-lifting hole, 8-locating pin. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the technical means used are all conventional technical means in the art. Example 1

[0022] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates, comprising a composite mold body with upper and lower sections. The lower section is a copper mold body 2 made of T2 copper, and the upper section is a cast steel mold body 1 made of ZG230-450 cast steel.

[0023] A dovetail boss 3, 40mm high and with a dovetail angle of 50°, is integrally machined onto the upper surface of the copper mold body 2. A dovetail groove 4, matching the shape and size of the dovetail boss 3, is machined onto the lower surface of the cast steel mold body 1. The fit clearance between the dovetail boss 3 and the dovetail groove 4 is controlled at 1mm. After the two are fitted together, a locating pin 8 is inserted laterally at their connection point to achieve precise positioning and fixation, preventing displacement during operation.

[0024] Both ears 5 of the cast steel mold body 1 are designed as independent movable structures, and are also made of ZG230-450 cast steel. M16 countersunk bolt mounting holes are pre-drilled at the bottom of the side frame of the cast steel mold body 1. Correspondingly, the connecting ends of the ears 5 are machined with internal threaded holes. Countersunk connecting bolts 6, made of high-temperature resistant 316L stainless steel, pass through the mounting holes from the inside of the frame and are screwed into the threaded holes of the ears 5 to secure them together.

[0025] To facilitate replacement, two lifting holes 7 with a diameter of 25mm are symmetrically provided on the top of the cast steel mold body 1.

[0026] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: During casting, molten copper is poured into the mold cavity, and the heat is first transferred to the directly contacting cast steel mold 1 and the bottom copper mold 2. The copper mold 2, with its excellent thermal conductivity, quickly disperses the concentrated heat from localized areas throughout the mold, effectively reducing the thermal stress gradient and preventing cracking of the casting surface. The upper cast steel mold 1 mainly bears the static pressure of the molten copper and the mechanical stress generated by thermal expansion and contraction. The high strength and toughness of the ZG230-450 material ensure that its frame structure is not prone to cracking.

[0027] When the cast steel mold 1 shows overall wear or deformation after long-term use, it can be lifted off the copper mold 2 through the lifting hole 7 for replacement, while the copper mold 2 can continue to be used. If only the ear 5 is deformed or damaged, it is only necessary to remove the corresponding countersunk connecting bolt 6 and replace the new ear 5, without disassembling the entire mold, making maintenance extremely convenient and quick.

[0028] Actual production testing showed that the composite mold described in this embodiment has a service life increased by more than 60% compared to existing traditional steel molds, and by more than 40% compared to traditional copper molds. Simultaneously, the physical appearance qualification rate of the cast anode plates increased by more than 10%, demonstrating significant overall benefits. Example 2

[0029] This embodiment is a further improvement based on Embodiment 1, as detailed below: The height of the dovetail boss is 60mm, and the dovetail angle is 45°; the fit clearance between the dovetail boss and the dovetail groove is 3mm.

[0030] The working principle of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1. Example 3

[0031] This embodiment is a further improvement based on Embodiment 1, as detailed below: The height of the dovetail boss is 50mm, and the dovetail angle is 60°; the fit clearance between the dovetail boss and the dovetail groove is 2mm.

[0032] The working principle of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1.

[0033] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within its spirit and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates, characterized in that: The composite mold is a segmented structure, comprising a copper mold (2) at the bottom and a cast steel mold (1) at the top. The copper mold (2) and the cast steel mold (1) are detachably connected by a dovetail groove inlay structure; The copper mold (2) is a permanent section used to directly or indirectly support high-temperature molten copper; the cast steel mold (1) is a replaceable section. The cast steel mold body (1) includes a side frame and an ear (5), the ear (5) being detachably connected to the side frame by fasteners.

2. The composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dovetail groove inlay structure includes a dovetail boss (3) set on the upper end face of the copper mold (2) and a dovetail groove (4) set on the lower end face of the cast steel mold (1) that matches the shape and size of the dovetail boss (3).

3. The composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least one positioning pin (8) is provided at the connection between the copper mold body (2) and the cast steel mold body (1), and the positioning pin (8) penetrates the side wall of the dovetail boss (3) and the dovetail groove (4).

4. The composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the dovetail boss (3) is 40-60mm, and the dovetail angle is 45°-60°; the fit gap between the dovetail boss (3) and the dovetail groove (4) is 1-3mm.

5. The composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: Bolt mounting holes are pre-set on the inner side of the side frame of the cast steel mold body (1), and the connecting end of the ear (5) is correspondingly provided with a connecting hole. The countersunk connecting bolt (6) passes through the bolt mounting hole and connects with the connecting hole to achieve the fastening of the ear (5).

6. The composite mold for casting copper smelting anode plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top and / or bottom of the cast steel mold (1) are symmetrically provided with multiple lifting holes (7) for lifting when the cast steel mold (1) is replaced as a whole.

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