Silver-free alloy
A silver-free alloy of copper, bismuth, nickel, chromium, and tin addresses electromigration issues, enhancing creep resistance and shear strength, suitable for fine-pitch electronics.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HERAEUS MATERIALS SINGAPORE PTE LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
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Figure PCTCN2024140957-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024140957-FTAPPB-I100002
Abstract
Description
Silver-free alloy
[0001] The invention relates to a silver-free alloy that can be used in particular as a soldering alloy (solder alloy) and even more particular as a soldering alloy in electronics and microelectronics applications.
[0002] Solder, in particular in the form of solder paste, is used primarily in the manufacture of electronic circuits and serves to produce a mechanical, electrical, and thermal connection between an electronic component and a substrate, more precisely between corresponding metallic contact pads (metallic contact surfaces, contact metallizations) thereof provided for this purpose. The metallic contact pads are comprised of bulk metal (e.g. pure metal or a metal alloy) or they may have a metallic surface plating; the metal as such or the metal of the metallic surface plating may be selected among metals such as, for example, copper and copper-based alloys, tin and tin-based alloys, silver and silver-based alloys, gold and gold-based alloys and nickel and nickel-based alloys.
[0003] Examples of electronic components in the sense of the present disclosure include diodes, LEDs (light-emitting diodes) including mini-and micro-LEDs, dies, IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors, bipolar transistors with an insulated gate electrode) , MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) , ICs (integrated circuits) , sensors, heat sinks, resistors, capacitors, coils, connecting elements (e.g., clips) , base plates, antennas, and the like.
[0004] Examples of substrates in the sense of the present disclosure include lead frames, PCBs (printed circuit boards) , flexible electronics, ceramic substrates, metal-ceramic substrates, such as DCB substrates (direct copper-bonded substrates) , IMS (insulated metal substrates) , glass substrates and the like.
[0005] An electronic component is usually brought into contact with or applied to a substrate via a solder, in particular a solder in the form of paste. The solder paste is heated to melt the solder in the paste by a reflow process, thereby forming the contact between the corresponding metallic contact pads of the electronic component and the substrate. After cooling and solidification of the solder, the electronic component and the substrate are firmly connected to (attached to) one another via their corresponding metallic contact pads with the solidified solder in between.
[0006] In the electronics industry there is a continuous development towards miniaturization leading to so-called fine-pitch or even ultrafine-pitch applications with very small dimensions of down to ≤100 μm. The term “pitch” stands for the distance between the centre of a metallic contact pad and the centre of a neighbouring (adjacent) metallic contact pad. Such development leads to an increasing electronic packaging density and places increased demands on solder paste. Examples of said fine-pitch or ultrafine-pitch applications include the manufacture of electronic assemblies comprising mini-or micro-LEDs each of which firmly connected to a substrate with solidified solder in between.
[0007] It has been found that well-known and common silver-bearing soldering alloys, such as for example, SAC305 [an alloy consisting of 3 wt. % (percent by weight) silver, of 0.5 wt. %copper and of tin as remainder] , can be problematic because of their tendency to electromigrate, i.e. to form so-called silver dendrites, during operation of electronic assemblies comprising them. Said silver dendrites can lead to undesired electrical short cuts between electronic components, a danger existing in particular in said fine-pitch or ultrafine-pitch application context.
[0008] Silver-free soldering alloys overcome the electromigration problem; examples of such alloys include SnCu0.7 (an alloy consisting of 0.7 wt. %copper and of tin as remainder) and SN100C (an alloy consisting of 0.7 wt. %copper, 0.05 wt. %nickel, 0.009 wt. %germanium and of tin as remainder) . However, silver-free soldering alloys which are commonly used require a better performance with regard to creep resistance (representable by creep strain rate) , electrical resistivity, shear strength of soldering connections (solder joints) created with them and reliability (resistance against long-term vibration exposure) of soldering connections created with them.
[0009] It was an objective of the invention to find such improved silver-free soldering alloys. In this context, the requirement of being silver-free is a precondition for the soldering alloys to be found to be useful and suitable as soldering alloys in said fine-and ultrafine-pitch applications.
[0010] Unexpectedly, the objective of the invention could be solved by providing a silver-free alloy as disclosed in the following.
[0011] The invention relates to an alloy that can be used in particular as a soldering alloy and that consists of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %of copper (Cu) , 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt. %of bismuth (Bi) , 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel (Ni) , 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium (Cr) and tin (Sn) as a remainder. This alloy consisting of 0.1 to 1 wt. %of copper, 0.1 to 5 wt. %of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium and tin as a remainder represents a first and at the same time the general embodiment of the alloy according to the invention.
[0012] In its second embodiment, the alloy according to the invention comprises also indium (In) and it consists of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %of copper, 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.%of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium, 1 to 5 wt. %of indium and tin as a remainder.
[0013] In its third embodiment, the alloy according to the invention comprises also aluminum (Al) and it consists of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %of copper, 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.%of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium, 0.01 to 1 wt. %of aluminum and tin as a remainder.
[0014] In its fourth embodiment, the alloy according to the invention comprises also iron (Fe) and it consists of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %of copper, 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.%of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium, 0.01 to 1 wt. %of iron and tin as a remainder.
[0015] In its fifth embodiment, the alloy according to the invention comprises also indium and iron and it consists of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %of copper, 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt. %of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium, 1 to 5 wt. %of indium, 0.01 to 1 wt. %of iron and tin as a remainder.
[0016] In its sixth embodiment, the alloy according to the invention comprises also aluminum and iron and it consists of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %of copper, 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt. %of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium, 0.01 to 1 wt.%of aluminum, 0.01 to 1 wt. %of iron and tin as a remainder.
[0017] In its seventh embodiment, the alloy according to the invention comprises also indium and aluminum and it consists of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %of copper, 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt. %of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium, 1 to 5 wt. %of indium, 0.01 to 1 wt. %of aluminum and tin as a remainder.
[0018] In its eighth embodiment, the alloy according to the invention comprises also indium, aluminum and iron and it consists of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %of copper, 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt. %of bismuth, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium, 1 to 5 wt. %of indium, 0.01 to 1 wt. %of iron, 0.01 to 1 wt. %of aluminum and tin as a remainder.
[0019] The above discloses eight embodiments of the alloy according to the invention. In the following the phrase “alloy according to the invention” is used repeatedly; it goes without saying, that such phrase is to be understood as designating the alloy according to the invention in all of its eight embodiments.
[0020] The alloy according to the invention may also contain one or more elements other than those expressly mentioned for the respective embodiment. Such other elements may be comprised due to technical circumstances and they may inadvertently enter the alloy according to the invention, for example as a result of an unintentional but unavoidable incorporation during production. In other words, such one or more other elements can be present as unavoidable impurities in the alloy according to the invention, but only in very small individual amounts of, for example, > 0 to <100 wt. ppm (ppm by weight) , not exceeding a total amount of 500 wt. ppm. In any case, such unavoidable impurities are not intentionally added or introduced into the alloy according to the invention; insofar the skilled person will not understand the terms “silver-free alloy, silver-free soldering alloy” used herein as absolute, rather he will understand that silver may be comprised in the sense of an unavoidable impurity as explained.
[0021] The solidus temperature of the alloy according to the invention is in the range of, for example, 218 to 228 ℃, preferably 218 to 221 ℃.
[0022] The creep strain rate of the alloy according to the invention is in the range of, for example, 2.40 to 2.48 x10-4, preferably 2.41 to 2.43 x10-4. The creep strain rate can be measured as outlined below in the Examples section.
[0023] The electrical resistivity of the alloy according to the invention is in the range of, for example, 1.40 to 1.50 μΩm, preferably 1.40 to 1.46 μΩm. The electrical resistivity can be measured as outlined below in the Examples section.
[0024] The shear strength of soldering connections created with the alloy according to the invention is in the range of, for example, 50 to 65 MPa, preferably 56 to 65 MPa. The shear strength can be measured as outlined below in the Examples section.
[0025] The reliability of soldering connections created with the alloy according to the invention (represented by the vibration durability) is in the range of, for example, 1000 to 2000 seconds, preferably 1500 to 2000 seconds. The vibration durability can be measured as outlined below in the Examples section.
[0026] It has been shown that the alloy according to the invention can be used as soldering alloy as such or as solder within soldering compositions, in particular for use in the field of electronics and microelectronics. The alloy according to the invention has only little to no tendency to exhibit electromigration or to form dendrites which could lead to undesired electrical short cuts between neighbouring electronic components.
[0027] The alloy according to the invention can be produced by conventional methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by melting together the elements forming the alloy according to the invention. It is possible to use an induction furnace, and it is possible to work under vacuum or inert gas atmosphere. The materials used may have a degree of purity of, for example, ≥ 99.99 wt. %and more. The melt is typically poured at room temperature into a mold in which it cools and solidifies.
[0028] The alloy according to the invention can be used directly as such as soldering alloy. From a practical point of view, it can expediently be produced for an intended soldering task, i.e., it can be brought into a suitable shape for this purpose. Examples of suitable shapes, which are correspondingly prepared and free of flux, comprise solder wires, solder rods, solder foils, solder powders, solder balls and solder preforms. However, the alloy according to the invention can also be prepared as soldering alloy in a soldering composition comprising flux, in particular as its sole soldering alloy component. Examples of such soldering compositions are solder pastes comprising flux, solder preforms comprising flux and solder wires comprising flux, but in particular solder pastes comprising flux and solder preforms comprising flux; in all these examples the alloy according to the invention forms a constituent of the respective soldering composition. Flux serves, inter alia, to dissolve the oxide layer on the surfaces of the solder metal and the components to be soldered and thus to ensure better wettability during the soldering process. The same applies to oxides created by the oxygen of the air during the soldering process. Flux also reduces the interfacial tension.
[0029] Solder paste comprising an alloy according to the invention can consist of, for example, 40 to 92 wt. %of an alloy according to the invention in the form of solder powder or solder balls and 8 to 60 wt. %of a flux. Such a solder paste can be produced by mixing the constituents of the flux and adding a solder powder of an alloy according to the invention. The solder powder is preferably added in multiple portions, while stirring, to an already provided mixture of the flux constituents, generally without heating.
[0030] In a first embodiment of a solder paste containing an alloy according to the invention the solder paste can consist of, for example, 82 to 92 wt. %of an alloy according to the invention in the form of solder powder or solder balls and 8 to 18 wt. %of a flux. The solder powder particles or solder balls consist of an alloy according to the invention.
[0031] The flux is not subject to any particular restrictions in terms of its composition, and it is therefore possible to use a conventional solder flux known to a person skilled in the art. Typically, fluxes can comprise one or more base resins (for example rosin, acrylic resin) , activator (for example hydrogen halide salt of amines, organic carboxylic acids) , thixotropic agent (for example hydrogenated castor oil, beeswax, carnauba wax) , and often an organic solvent.
[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the flux of the solder paste in its first embodiment can comprise, for example, in each case based on the total weight thereof, i) 30 to 60 wt. %of at least one acidic resin, ii) 5 to 20 wt. %of at least one low molecular weight carboxylic acid and iii) 0.4 to 10 wt. %of at least one amine.
[0033] The at least one acidic resin i) can be selected from synthetic resins with acidic groups such as, in particular, carboxyl groups. In contrast, natural resins, which may be unmodified or chemically modified, are preferred. The chemically modified natural resins may be modified natural resins modified, for example, by hydrogenation, dimerization and / or esterification of their carboxyl groups. In particular, the natural resins themselves are those of the rosin resin type.
[0034] The at least one acidic resin i) has a total acid number, for example in the range from 50 to 300 mg KOH / g. The term "acid number" used herein relates to an acid number determinable in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2114 in mg KOH / g (milligrams KOH per gram) .
[0035] The at least one low molecular weight carboxylic acid ii) may preferably be selected from dicarboxylic acids. Examples include oxalic acid, adipic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid and tridecanedioic acid.
[0036] Examples of the at least one amine iii) include N, N, N' , N' -tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N' , N' -tetraethylethylenediamine, N, N, N' , N' -tetrapropylethylenediamine, N-coco-1, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, 1, 7-diaminoheptane, 1, 8-diaminooctane, 1, 9-diaminononane, and 1, 10-diaminodecane, bis (2-ethylhexyl) amine, bis (2-methylhexyl) amine, diethylamine, triethylamine, cyclohexylamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hydrogenated tallow alkylamine, hydrogenated (tallow alkyl) dimethylamine, and hydrogenated bis (tallow alkyl) methylamine.
[0037] In addition to the components i) , ii) and iii) , the flux of the solder paste in its first embodiment may optionally comprise one or more thickeners, for example in a proportion of a total of 1 to 5 wt. %. Examples include ethyl cellulose, hydrogenated castor oil and modified or unmodified glycerol tris-12 hydroxystearin.
[0038] Furthermore, the flux of the solder paste in its first embodiment may optionally comprise one or more organic solvents, for example in a proportion of a total of 20 to 46 wt. %. Examples include diols, alcohols, ether alcohols and ketones that are liquid at 25 ℃, in particular trimethylpropanol, 1, 2-octanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-hexanediol, isobornyl cyclohexanol, glycol ether, 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol, n-decyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol, terpineol and isopropanol, and mixtures thereof. Examples of glycol ethers include mono-, di-, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, mono-, di-, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, mono-, di-, triethylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
[0039] Furthermore, the flux of the solder paste in its first embodiment may optionally comprise one or more halogen-containing compounds, for example in a proportion of a total of 0.1 to 3 wt. %. Examples include aniline hydrochloride, glutamic acid hydrochloride, diethanolamine hydrochloride, diethanolamine hydrobromide, triethanolamine hydrochloride, triethanolamine hydrobromide and trans-2, 3-dibromo-2-butene-1, 4-diol.
[0040] In a second embodiment of a solder paste containing an alloy according to the invention, the solder paste consists of 40 to 60 wt. %of an alloy according to the invention in the form of a solder powder or solder balls with an absolute particle size of the powder particles or balls in the range of 2 to 45 μm, preferably of 2 to 15 μm, and 40 to 60 wt. %of a flux. The solder paste according to this second embodiment is in particular suitable for use in said fine-and ultra-fine pitch applications. The solder powder particles consist of an alloy according to the invention and the flux itself consists of:
[0041] i' ) 50 to 60 wt. %of at least one optionally modified natural resin;
[0042] ii’ ) 15 to 30 wt. %of at least one organic solvent;
[0043] iii’ ) 0 to 15 wt. %of at least one thickener;
[0044] iv’ ) 5 to 10 wt. %of at least one activator; and
[0045] v’) 0 to 10 wt. %of at least one additive other than constituents i’ ) to iv’ ) . The wt. %of this solder powder and the wt. %of this flux total 100 wt. %. Same is true for the sum of the wt. %of this flux’ constituents i’ ) to v’ ) .
[0046] As constituent i’ ) , the flux comprises 50 to 60 wt. %, preferably 50 to 55 wt. %of at least one optionally modified natural resin. For the person skilled in the art it is not necessary to explain that "modified" stands for a chemical modification. The at least one optionally modified natural resin may be unmodified natural resin or modified natural resin. Modified natural resin means natural resins modified by hydrogenation, dimerization, and / or esterification of their carboxyl groups. In particular, the natural resins are natural resins of the rosin type (colophony resin type) , i.e., unmodified or modified rosins (rosins modified by hydrogenation, dimerization, and / or esterification of their carboxyl groups) .
[0047] As constituent ii’ ) , the flux comprises 15 to 30 wt. %, preferably 20 to 25 wt. %of at least one organic solvent. Examples include diols, alcohols, ether alcohols, and ketones that are liquid at 25℃, in particular trimethylpropanol, 1, 2-octanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-hexanediol, isobornyl cyclohexanol, glycol ethers, 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol, n-decyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2, 4-pentanediol, terpineol, and isopropanol, and mixtures thereof. Glycol ethers represent preferred examples. Glycol ethers may be partly or fully etherified; specific examples include mono-, di-, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, mono-, di-, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, and mixtures thereof. It may be preferred that the at least one organic solvent may comprise or consist of one or more glycol ethers.
[0048] As constituent iii’ ) , the flux comprises 0 to 15 wt. %, preferably 8 to 12 wt. %of at least one thickener. Examples include ethyl cellulose, castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, glycerol tris-12-hydroxystearin, modified glycerol tris-12-hydroxystearin, fatty acid amides, and polyamides.
[0049] Castor oil and polyamides represent preferred examples. It may be preferred that the at least one thickener comprises or consists of castor oil and / or one or more polyamide thickeners.
[0050] As constituent iv’ ) , the flux comprises 5 to 10 wt. %of at least one activator. The function of the at least one activator is to remove eventually present solder powder surface oxide. Examples include carboxylic acids, preferably dicarboxylic acids, for example, oxalic acid, adipic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and tridecanedioic acid. The carboxylic acids may be combined with at least one amine. Examples of amines include imidazoles, N, N, N ‘, N ‘-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N ‘, N ‘-tetraethylethylenediamine, N, N, N ‘, N ‘-tetrapropylethylenediamine, N-coco-1, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, 1, 7-diaminoheptane, 1, 8-diaminooctane, 1, 9-diaminononane, and 1, 10-diaminodecane, bis (2-ethylhexyl) amine, bis (2-methylhexyl) amine, diethylamine, triethylamine, cyclohexylamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, hydrogenated tallow alkylamine, hydrogenated (tallow alkyl) dimethylamine, and hydrogenated bis (tallow alkyl) methylamine. Further examples of activators include halogen-containing compounds like aniline hydrochloride, glutamic acid hydrochloride, diethanolamine hydrochloride, diethanolamine hydrobromide, triethanolamine hydrochloride, triethanolamine hydrobromide, and trans-2, 3-dibromo-2-butene-1, 4-diol.
[0051] As constituent v’ ) , the flux comprises 0 to 10 wt. %of at least one additive other than constituents i’ ) to iv’ ) . Examples of such additives include surfactants, antioxidants and surface modifiers.
[0052] The alloy according to the invention either in the form of a soldering alloy as such or as a constituent of a soldering composition (i.e. in the form of a soldering composition comprising the alloy, like in particular a soldering paste) can be used in particular in electronic or microelectronic applications. Examples of electronic or microelectronic applications are the fastening and at the same time electrical connection of electronic components to substrates by soldering. Examples of microelectronic applications include the afore mentioned fine-pitch and ultrafine-pitch applications. Said uses represent processes for fastening and at the same time electrically connecting at least one electronic component to a substrate including the use of the alloy according to the invention or of a soldering composition that contains the alloy according to the invention (in particular a soldering paste comprising the alloy according to the invention in solder powder form) . Such process carried out with such soldering composition comprises the steps of (1) applying the soldering composition to a metallic contact pad of the at least one electronic component and / or to a metallic contact pad of the substrate, (2) contacting both metallic contact pads via the soldering composition, and (3) heating the soldering composition above the solidus temperature of the alloy and subsequently allowing the alloy to cool and solidify while forming a solid connection between the at least one electronic component and the substrate.
[0053] The alloy according to the invention or a soldering composition that comprises the alloy according to the invention can also be used to produce solder deposits on substrates. Such use represents a process for the production of a solder on a substrate including the use of the alloy according to the invention or of a soldering composition that comprises the alloy according to the invention.Examples
[0054] Preparation of soldering alloys:
[0055] To produce soldering alloys, the various pure elements (degree of purity of ≥ 99.99 wt. %) were weighed in accordance with the composition listed in Table 1 (in wt. %) , and melted together in an induction furnace under vacuum.
[0056] Where needed in the respective soldering alloy composition, elements with higher melting point, such as Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Cr, were first processed into an intermediate alloy. In a subsequent step, the intermediate alloy was then weighed and melted together, in accordance with the composition listed in Table 1, with elements with lower melting point (such as Sn, Bi, In) .
[0057] Electrical resistivity measurement
[0058] Soldering alloy samples were prepared into strips of 0.1 x 1 x 100 mm (thickness x width x length) . A voltage of 0.1 volts was applied through the two ends of each strip, and the current was measured. The electrical resistivity of each sample was then calculated.
[0059] Shear strength measurement
[0060] The measurement was conducted according to standard JESD22-B117A. A lateral load was applied from a shear height of 50 μm to a soldering alloy ball of diameter 600 μm on a copper pad (500 μm x 500 μm) to shear the bond from its surface.
[0061] Creep strain rate measurement
[0062] The soldering alloy sample was loaded to the measurement stage of a Dynamic Ultra Micro Hardness Tester (model SHIMADZU DUH-211 S) . A load of 20 mN was applied to the sample for 900 seconds, while continuously measuring the change in the indentation depth. The creep strain rate was calculated from the rate of change of the indentation depth.
[0063] Vibration durability measurement
[0064] Soldering alloy balls of diameter 600 μm were prepared from the alloys respectively. 24 soldering alloy balls were soldered to a FR-4 substrate, to form a dummy package with 4 x 6 solder ball array, then further soldered to a PCB board so as to form a sandwich assembly, before mounted to a vibration test machine which was run with a vibration frequency of 250Hz. During treatment with various loads for certain durations (6.5 g for 720 s, 8 g for 480 s, 10 g for 480 s, 12 g for 500 s, 15 g for 300 s) the lifetime before the solder joint failed was determined.
[0065] Table 1
Claims
1.An alloy consisting of 0.1 to 1 wt. %of copper (Cu) , 0.1 to 5 wt. %of bismuth (Bi) , 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %of nickel (Ni) , 0.01 to 0.1 wt. %of chromium (Cr) and tin (Sn) as a remainder.2.The alloy of claim 1 further comprising 1 to 5 wt. %of indium (In) .3.The alloy of claim 1 further comprising 0.01 to 1 wt. %of aluminum (Al) .4.The alloy of claim 1 further comprising 0.01 to 1 wt. %of iron (Fe) .5.The alloy of claim 1 further comprising 1 to 5 wt. %of indium (In) and 0.01 to 1 wt. %of iron (Fe) .6.The alloy of claim 1 further comprising 0.01 to 1 wt. %of aluminum (Al) and 0.01 to 1 wt. %of iron (Fe) .7.The alloy of claim 1 further comprising 1 to 5 wt. %of indium (In) and 0.01 to 1 wt. %of aluminum (Al) .8.The alloy of claim 1 further comprising 1 to 5 wt. %of indium (In) , 0.01 to 1 wt. %of aluminum (Al) and 0.01 to 1 wt. %of iron (Fe) .9.The alloy of any of the preceding claims further comprising unavoidable impurities in the form of one or more elements other than those expressly mentioned and not exceeding a total amount of 500 wt. ppm, wherein the individual amount of each of the one or more other elements lies in a range of > 0 to <100 wt. ppm.10.The alloy of any of the preceding claims as solder joint, as soldering alloy as such or as solder within a soldering composition comprising flux.11.The alloy of claim 10, wherein the soldering composition comprising flux is a solder paste or a solder preform, wherein the solder paste consists of 40 to 92 wt. %of the alloy in the form of solder powder or solder balls and 8 to 60 wt. %of a flux.12.An alloy of any of the preceding claims used as solder in electronic or microelectronic applications, wherein the microelectronic applications can include fine-pitch and ultrafine-pitch applications.13.Use of the alloy of any of claims 1 to 9 as solder in electronic or microelectronic applications, wherein the microelectronic applications can include fine-pitch and ultrafine-pitch applications.14.A process for fastening and at the same time electrically connecting at least one electronic component to a substrate including the use of a soldering composition that contains an alloy of any of claims 1 to 9, the process comprising the steps of (1) applying the soldering composition to a metallic contact pad of the at least one electronic component and / or to a metallic contact pad of the substrate, (2) contacting both metallic contact pads via the soldering composition, and (3) heating the soldering composition above the solidus temperature of the alloy and subsequently allowing the alloy to cool and solidify while forming a solid connection between the at least one electronic component and the substrate.15.The process of claim 14, wherein the soldering composition is a soldering paste.