A process for welding high strength steel penetrations with austenitic weld material

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and provides a process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials. The process includes: Step 1, pre-welding treatment: machining a composite bevel at the through-hole location in the high-strength steel substrate, the composite bevel consisting of an outer V-shaped bevel and an inner U-shaped bevel; Step 2, assembly and positioning: embedding the through-hole component into the through-hole of the high-strength steel substrate; Step 3, selection of welding materials: using austenitic welding materials; Step 4, layered welding: using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for the root pass, and manual arc welding for the fill and cover passes; Step 5, post-weld treatment: performing slow cooling and surface treatment after welding, and finally vibration aging treatment. The process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials described in this invention results in good fusion between the weld and the high-strength steel substrate, strong interfacial bonding, and joint tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture simultaneously meeting standards, with no welding defects, thus meeting the stringent service standards of high-end equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and more specifically, to a process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials. Background Technology

[0002] High-strength steel, with its excellent strength, toughness and fatigue resistance, is widely used in high-end equipment components such as pressure vessels, nuclear reactor shells and ship hulls. These components usually require the installation of various metal penetrations to achieve functions such as media transmission and pipeline penetration. The quality of the welded joint between the penetration and the high-strength steel substrate directly determines the overall sealing performance and structural safety of the equipment.

[0003] At present, high-strength steel through-hole welding is mostly done with high-strength matching welding materials. However, there are many technical defects in the actual welding process: (1) High-strength steel has a high carbon equivalent, and hardened structure is easy to appear in the heat-affected zone of welding. At the same time, the residual stress of welding is large and concentrated, and the cold crack sensitivity of the joint is extremely high, making it easy to produce cold cracks in welding; (2) The through-hole and the high-strength steel matrix have large differences in wall thickness and structural dimensions. The heat conduction during the welding process is uneven, which easily leads to problems such as poor weld formation, incomplete penetration, and slag inclusion, which cannot meet the equipment sealing and load-bearing requirements; (3) After welding with high-strength matching welding materials, the joint has insufficient plasticity and toughness. Under alternating load, high temperature, and high pressure service conditions, the joint is prone to brittle fracture and has a short service life; (4) The preheating before welding and the heat treatment after welding are complicated, with high energy consumption and long production cycle, which cannot be adapted to efficient industrial production.

[0004] Austenitic welding materials possess excellent plasticity, toughness, crack resistance, and corrosion resistance. They do not require high-temperature preheating or prolonged post-heat dehydrogenation during welding, effectively reducing the sensitivity of joints to cold cracking. However, when welding high-strength steel through-hole components with existing austenitic welding materials, there are problems such as poor fusion between the weld and the high-strength steel matrix and weak interfacial bonding. This results in the joint's tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture not meeting the standards simultaneously, and welding defects are also prone to occur, making it difficult to meet the stringent service standards of high-end equipment.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to propose a process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components with austenitic welding materials, in order to solve the problems of poor fusion between the weld and the high-strength steel matrix and weak interfacial bonding force when welding high-strength steel through-hole components with existing austenitic welding materials. This results in the joint's tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture not meeting the standards at the same time, and is also prone to welding defects, making it difficult to meet the strict service standards of high-end equipment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0008] A process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials, the process comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Pre-welding treatment: Process a composite bevel at the through hole position of the high-strength steel substrate. The composite bevel consists of an outer V-shaped bevel and an inner U-shaped bevel. Clean the surface of the composite bevel of the high-strength steel substrate, the welding area of ​​the through part, and the surrounding area.

[0010] Step 2, Assembly and Positioning: Embed the through-hole of the high-strength steel substrate into the through-hole, and spot weld it in position using austenitic stainless steel welding rods or wires;

[0011] Step 3: Selection of welding materials; austenitic welding materials are used to weld high-strength steel through-hole components;

[0012] Step 4, Layered Welding: The root pass is welded using tungsten inert gas welding, while the fill pass and cover pass are welded using manual arc welding.

[0013] Step 5, Post-weld treatment: Perform slow cooling and surface treatment after welding, and finally use vibration aging treatment.

[0014] Furthermore, in step one, the outer V-shaped bevel angle is 40° to 50°, the outer V-shaped bevel depth is 1 / 2 of the wall thickness of the high-strength steel substrate, and the inner U-shaped bevel radius is R3 to R5 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step four, the specific welding process parameters for the root pass are as follows: welding current 160-180A, arc voltage 14-16V, welding speed 70-100mm / min, argon as the shielding gas, front gas flow rate 10-15L / min, and back synchronous argon purging protection, back gas flow rate 15-20L / min, and root pass thickness 2-3mm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step four, the specific welding process parameters for the filler weld are as follows: multi-layer, multi-pass welding is adopted, with each weld width ≤16mm, thickness ≤4mm, welding current 90~140A, arc voltage 22~26V, interpass temperature controlled ≤150℃, and filler layer thickness 1.5~2mm lower than the base surface; the overlap width between adjacent weld passes is 1 / 3~1 / 2 of the weld pass width.

[0017] Furthermore, in step four, the specific welding process parameters for the cover weld are: welding current 80-130A, arc voltage 22-26V, and welding speed 90-110mm / min.

[0018] Furthermore, in step five, the process parameters for the vibration aging treatment are: vibration frequency 20-30Hz, vibration time 15-25min.

[0019] Furthermore, in step two, the coaxiality deviation between the through-piece and the high-strength steel substrate is ≤0.3mm, and the bevel gap is 2-4mm; the spot welding positioning welds are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner U-shaped bevel in 4-6 locations, and the length of a single spot weld is 8-12mm.

[0020] Furthermore, in step three, the welding material is selected based on the strength of the high-strength steel substrate; when the yield strength of the high-strength steel substrate is ≥590MPa, the tensile strength of the weld metal of the selected austenitic welding material is ≥510MPa; when the yield strength of the high-strength steel substrate is ≥785MPa, the tensile strength of the weld metal of the selected austenitic welding material is ≥720MPa.

[0021] Furthermore, the high-strength steel matrix is ​​high-strength steel with a yield strength ≥ 590 MPa, and the penetrating member is forged steel or cast steel with the same strength as the high-strength steel matrix.

[0022] This invention proposes a process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials. Compared with existing technologies, the process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials described in this invention has the following advantages:

[0023] (1) This invention uses austenitic welding materials to weld high-strength steel through parts. By utilizing the excellent plasticity and crack resistance of austenitic welding materials, the sensitivity of high-strength steel welded joints to cold cracking is greatly reduced, and the resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture is improved. Traditional high-temperature preheating and post-weld heat treatment processes are not required, simplifying the process flow, reducing energy consumption, and increasing the first-pass yield rate to over 99%.

[0024] (2) A composite bevel is processed at the through hole position of the high-strength steel substrate. The composite bevel is composed of an outer V-shaped bevel and an inner U-shaped bevel, which optimizes the accessibility of welding operation, improves the fusion between the through part and the high-strength steel substrate, effectively avoids defects such as incomplete penetration and slag inclusion, and has strong interface bonding force, ensuring the tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture of the joint, and meeting the strict sealing requirements of high-pressure, nuclear power and other equipment.

[0025] (3) Layered welding adopts a multi-layer and multi-pass combined welding process to accurately control the welding heat input and interpass temperature, reduce the hardening tendency of the heat-affected zone of high-strength steel, avoid grain coarsening, improve the plasticity, toughness and fatigue resistance of the welded joint, and extend the service life of the component.

[0026] (4) Vibration aging treatment is used to replace traditional high-temperature heat treatment after welding, which can quickly eliminate residual welding stress, avoid component deformation and performance degradation caused by heat treatment, shorten the production cycle, improve production efficiency, and adapt to industrial mass production.

[0027] (5) The process of this invention has strong adaptability and is suitable for welding high-strength steel through parts of different specifications and materials. The tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture of the joint meet the service standards of high-end equipment and have broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composite bevel structure of a process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components with austenitic welding materials, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0030] 1. High-strength steel base; 2. Penetrating component. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the technical means and the objectives and effects of the present invention easier to understand, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0032] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0033] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] When welding high-strength steel through-hole components with existing austenitic welding materials, there are problems such as poor fusion between the weld and the high-strength steel matrix and weak interfacial bonding force. This results in the joint's tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture not meeting the standards at the same time, and it is also prone to welding defects, making it difficult to meet the strict service standards of high-end equipment.

[0035] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the applicant proposes a process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials, specifically including the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Pre-welding treatment

[0037] (1) Selection of base material: The high-strength steel matrix 1 is a low-alloy high-strength steel with a yield strength ≥ 590 MPa, and the penetrating part 2 is forged steel or cast steel with the same strength as the high-strength steel matrix 1;

[0038] (2) Beveling: such as Figure 1As shown, a composite bevel is machined at the through hole position of the high-strength steel substrate 1. The composite bevel consists of an outer V-shaped bevel and an inner U-shaped bevel. The outer V-shaped bevel angle is 40° to 50°, the depth of the outer V-shaped bevel is 1 / 2 of the wall thickness of the high-strength steel substrate 1, the wall thickness of the high-strength steel substrate 1 is T, the depth of the outer V-shaped bevel is T / 2, and the radius of the inner U-shaped bevel is R3 to R5 mm.

[0039] (3) Surface cleaning: The composite bevel of the high-strength steel substrate 1, the welding part of the through part 2 and the surrounding 25-35mm range of oil, rust, oxide scale and other impurities are removed by mechanical grinding and anhydrous ethanol. Grind until a uniform metallic luster is exposed. After cleaning, the surface moisture is removed by flame heating or electric heating plate.

[0040] Step 2: Assembly and Positioning

[0041] After drying, the through-hole 2 is inserted into the through hole of the high-strength steel substrate 1. The position of the through-hole 2 is adjusted to ensure that the coaxiality deviation between the through-hole 2 and the high-strength steel substrate 1 is ≤0.3mm and the bevel gap is 2-4mm. Austenitic stainless steel welding rods or welding wires are used for spot welding positioning. The spot welding positioning welds are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner U-shaped bevel, with 4-6 welds and a single weld length of 8-12mm. After spot welding, the weld slag is cleaned and the positioning firmness is checked.

[0042] Step 3: Selection of Welding Materials

[0043] Austenitic stainless steel solid welding wire was selected as the root pass welding material, and austenitic stainless steel welding rods were selected as the fill and cover pass welding materials. The welding materials were selected based on the strength of the high-strength steel substrate 1, as shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1 Welding Material Selection Table

[0045]

[0046] As shown in Table 1, when the yield strength of the high-strength steel matrix 1 is ≥590MPa, the tensile strength of the deposited metal of the selected austenitic welding material is ≥510MPa. The representative model of austenitic stainless steel welding wire with a tensile strength of deposited metal ≥510MPa is SS16-8-2, and the specifications of austenitic stainless steel welding wire with model SS16-8-2 are Φ2.0 and Φ2.4. The representative model of austenitic stainless steel welding electrode with a tensile strength of deposited metal ≥510MPa is E16-25MON-15, and the specifications of austenitic stainless steel welding electrode with model E16-25MON-15 are Φ3.2~Φ4.0.

[0047] When the yield strength of the high-strength steel matrix 1 is ≥785MPa, the tensile strength of the deposited metal of the selected austenitic welding material should be ≥720MPa. The representative model of austenitic stainless steel welding wire with a tensile strength of deposited metal ≥720MPa is SS33-31, and the specifications of austenitic stainless steel welding wire with model SS33-31 are Φ2.0 and Φ2.4. The representative model of austenitic stainless steel welding electrode with a tensile strength of deposited metal ≥720MPa is E33-31-15, and the specifications of austenitic stainless steel welding electrode with model E33-31-15 are Φ3.2~Φ4.0.

[0048] Before use, welding materials should be dried according to specifications. The drying temperature of welding materials should be 380~420℃, and the temperature should be maintained for 90~120 minutes. They should be used immediately after use.

[0049] Step 4: Layered welding

[0050] The root pass was welded using tungsten inert gas welding (GTAW), while the fill and cover passes were welded using manual arc welding (SMAW). The entire process employed a low heat input, multi-layer, multi-pass welding technique, with specific parameters as follows:

[0051] (1) Root pass welding: TIG welding is used with a welding current of 160-180A, an arc voltage of 14-16V, a welding speed of 70-100mm / min, and argon gas with a purity of ≥99.99% for shielding. The gas flow rate on the front side is 10-15L / min, and argon gas is simultaneously purged on the back side for protection. The gas flow rate on the back side is 15-20L / min. The root pass is controlled to be free of oxidation and incomplete penetration defects. The thickness of the root pass is 2-3mm.

[0052] (2) Filler welding: Manual arc welding is used, with multiple layers and multiple passes. The width of each weld is ≤7mm and the thickness is ≤2.5mm. The welding current is 90~140A and the arc voltage is 22~26V. The interpass temperature is controlled to be ≤150℃. After each weld is completed, the slag and spatter are thoroughly cleaned to avoid slag inclusions between layers. The filler layer thickness is 1.5~2mm lower than the base surface. The overlap width between adjacent weld passes is 1 / 3~1 / 2 of the weld pass width to ensure weld density and improve joint sealing performance.

[0053] (3) Cover welding: Welding current 80~130A, arc voltage 22~26V, welding speed 90~110mm / min, ensure that the weld surface is aesthetically pleasing and free from undercut, weld beads, and porosity defects. Control the weld reinforcement height according to the thickness of the base steel plate. The weld reinforcement height should not be less than 4mm. The weld should transition smoothly with the base material.

[0054] Step 5: Post-weld treatment

[0055] (1) Slow cooling after welding: After welding, immediately wrap the welded joint and surrounding area with asbestos cloth and slowly cool to room temperature to avoid rapid cooling and residual stress, and prevent cracks from forming.

[0056] (2) Surface treatment: After the joint has cooled to room temperature, mechanical grinding is used to remove spatter, weld scars and sharp edges from the weld surface. The surface roughness of the weld after grinding is Ra≤12.5μm;

[0057] (3) Vibration aging treatment: Vibration aging treatment is adopted with a vibration frequency of 20-30Hz and a vibration time of 15-25min to eliminate residual welding stress.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] This embodiment proposes a process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials. The high-strength steel substrate 1 is 10CrNi3MoV, and the through-hole component 2 is 15CrNi3MoV forged steel. In this embodiment, the yield strength of the high-strength steel substrate 1 is 648MPa, and the standard value of the tensile strength of the high-strength steel base material is ≥640MPa.

[0060] The process includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Pre-welding treatment: The wall thickness of the high-strength steel substrate 1 is 35mm. The outer V-shaped bevel angle is 45° and the depth is 17.5mm. The inner U-shaped bevel radius is R4mm. The thickness of the through part 2 is 40mm and the length is 80mm. Grind and clean the area to be welded, and flame dry for 5 minutes.

[0062] Step 2, Assembly and Positioning: The coaxiality deviation between the through-piece 2 and the high-strength steel base 1 is 0.2mm, and the bevel gap is 3mm. Austenitic stainless steel welding rods are used for spot welding and positioning. The spot welding points are evenly distributed along the inner U-shaped bevel circumference, with a single spot welding length of 10mm.

[0063] Step 3: Selection of welding materials: The yield strength of the high-strength steel base 1 is ≥590MPa. Austenitic stainless steel solid welding wire with a tensile strength of ≥510MPa is selected as the root pass welding material. The model is SS16-8-2 and the wire diameter is 2.4mm. Austenitic stainless steel solid welding electrode with a tensile strength of ≥510MPa is selected as the filler and cover pass welding material. The model is E16-25MON-15 and the electrode diameter is 3.2mm. The electrode is dried at 400℃ and held for 90min.

[0064] Step 4, Layered Welding: The root pass is welded using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding with a welding current of 180A, an arc voltage of 16V, and a welding speed of 85mm / min. The shielding gas is argon with a purity ≥99.99%, a front gas flow rate of 12L / min, and simultaneous argon purging on the back side with a back gas flow rate of 18L / min. The root pass thickness is 3mm. The filler pass is welded using manual arc welding with a welding current of 100A, an arc voltage of 24V, and an interpass temperature not exceeding 120℃. Three layers and ten passes are used, with each pass having a weld width of 12-15mm and a thickness of 3-4mm. The filler layer thickness is 1.5-2mm below the base material surface. The overlap width between adjacent passes is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the pass width. The cap pass is welded using manual arc welding with a welding current of 90A, an arc voltage of 24V, and a welding speed of 100mm / min. The weld reinforcement is 4mm.

[0065] Step 5, Post-weld treatment: Wrap the welded joint and surrounding area with asbestos cloth, allow it to cool slowly to room temperature, and then grind the weld surface using mechanical grinding. After grinding, the surface roughness Ra of the weld should be ≤12.5μm; the vibration frequency should be 25Hz and the vibration time should be 20min.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] In this embodiment, the high-strength steel matrix 1 is 10CrNi5MoV, and the penetrating part 2 is 12CrNi5MoV forged steel. The yield strength of the high-strength steel matrix 1 is 838MPa, and the standard value of the tensile strength of the high-strength steel base material is ≥835MPa.

[0068] Step 1: Pre-welding treatment: The high-strength steel substrate 1 has a wall thickness of 60mm, an outer V-groove angle of 42°, a depth of 30mm, and an inner U-groove radius of R3mm; the through part 2 has a thickness of 80mm and a length of 120mm; grind and clean the area to be welded, and flame dry for 5 minutes.

[0069] Step 2, Assembly and Positioning: The coaxiality deviation between the through-hole component 2 and the high-strength steel base 1 is 0.25mm, and the bevel gap is 2.6mm. Austenitic stainless steel welding wire is used for spot welding and positioning. The spot welding and positioning are evenly distributed along the inner U-shaped bevel circumference, with 4 weld points and a single spot welding length of 10mm.

[0070] Step 3: Selection of welding materials: The yield strength of the high-strength steel base 1 is ≥785MPa. Austenitic stainless steel solid welding wire with a tensile strength of deposited metal ≥720MPa is selected as the root pass welding material. The model is SS33-31 and the wire diameter is 2.0mm. Austenitic stainless steel solid welding electrode with a tensile strength of deposited metal ≥720MPa is selected as the filler and cover pass welding material. The model is E33-31-15 and the electrode diameter is 4.0mm. The electrode is dried at 400℃ and held for 90min.

[0071] Step 4, Layered Welding: For the root pass, the welding current is 160A, the arc voltage is 14V, and the welding speed is 80mm / min. The shielding gas is argon with a purity ≥99.99%, with a front gas flow rate of 11L / min and a back gas flow rate of 18L / min. The root pass thickness is 3mm. For the fill pass, the welding current is 140A, the arc voltage is 24V, and the interpass temperature does not exceed 150℃. Seven layers and 22 passes are required, with each pass having a width of 12-14mm and a thickness of 3-4mm. The fill pass thickness is 1.5-2mm below the base material surface. The overlap width between adjacent passes is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the pass width. For the cap pass, the welding current is 130A, the arc voltage is 24V, and the welding speed is 100mm / min. The weld reinforcement is 6mm.

[0072] Step 5, Post-weld treatment: Wrap the welded joint and surrounding area with asbestos cloth, allow it to cool slowly to room temperature, and then grind the weld surface using mechanical grinding. After grinding, the surface roughness Ra of the weld should be ≤12.5μm; the vibration frequency should be 27Hz, and the vibration aging time should be 18min.

[0073] Performance testing

[0074] The welded joints obtained in Examples 1 and 2 were subjected to visual inspection, penetrant nondestructive testing, tensile strength testing, and -50℃ impact absorption energy testing, respectively. The visual inspection was conducted according to NB / T 47013.7-2012 "Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 7: Visual Inspection"; the penetrant nondestructive testing was conducted according to NB / T 47013.5-2015 "Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 5: Penetrant Testing"; the tensile strength testing was conducted according to GB / T 2651-2023 "Destructive Testing of Welds in Metallic Materials - Transverse Tensile Test"; and the -50℃ impact absorption energy testing was conducted according to GB / T 2650-2022 "Destructive Testing of Welds in Metallic Materials - Impact Test". The results are shown in Table 2.

[0075] Table 2 Test Results

[0076]

[0077] As shown in Table 2, the welded joints obtained in Examples 1 and 2 are qualified in appearance, and there are no defects such as cracks, pores, or lack of fusion. Penetrant testing shows no defects.

[0078] The tensile strength of the welded joint in Example 1 is 685 MPa, which is greater than the lowest standard value of 640 MPa for the tensile strength of the high-strength steel base material in Example 1; the impact absorption energy of the welded joint in Example 1 at -50℃ is 92 J ≥ 34 J. Therefore, the tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture of the welded joint in Example 1 both meet the standards.

[0079] The tensile strength of the welded joint in Example 2 is 850 MPa, which is greater than the lowest standard value of 835 MPa for the tensile strength of the high-strength steel base material in Example 2; the impact absorption energy of the welded joint in Example 2 at -50℃ is 85 J ≥ 34 J. Therefore, the tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture of the welded joint in Example 2 both meet the standards.

[0080] In summary, the welded joints obtained in Embodiments 1 and 2 of this invention simultaneously meet the standards for tensile strength and resistance to low-temperature brittle fracture, and are free of welding defects, thus satisfying the stringent service standards of high-end equipment.

[0081] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components using austenitic welding materials, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-welding treatment: A composite bevel is processed at the through hole position of the high-strength steel substrate (1), which is composed of an outer V-shaped bevel and an inner U-shaped bevel; and the composite bevel of the high-strength steel substrate (1), the welding part of the through part (2) and the surrounding area are cleaned. Step 2, Assembly and Positioning: The through-hole (2) is embedded into the through hole of the high-strength steel substrate (1), and the austenitic stainless steel welding rod or welding wire is used for spot welding and positioning. Step 3: Selection of welding materials; austenitic welding materials are used to weld high-strength steel through-hole components; Step 4, Layered Welding: The root pass is welded using tungsten inert gas welding, while the fill pass and cover pass are welded using manual arc welding. Step 5, Post-weld treatment: Perform slow cooling and surface treatment after welding, and finally use vibration aging treatment; In step one, the outer V-shaped bevel angle is 40° to 50°, the outer V-shaped bevel depth is 1 / 2 of the wall thickness of the high-strength steel substrate (1), and the inner U-shaped bevel radius is R3 to R5 mm. In step four, the specific welding process parameters for the root pass are as follows: welding current 160-180A, arc voltage 14-16V, welding speed 70-100mm / min, argon gas is used as the shielding gas, the front gas flow rate is 10-15L / min, and argon gas is used for simultaneous back pass protection, the back gas flow rate is 15-20L / min, and the root pass thickness is 2-3mm. In step four, the specific welding process parameters for the filler weld are as follows: multi-layer, multi-pass welding is adopted, with each weld width ≤16mm, thickness ≤4mm, welding current 90~140A, arc voltage 22~26V, interpass temperature controlled ≤150℃, and filler layer thickness 1.5~2mm lower than the base surface; the overlap width between adjacent weld passes is 1 / 3~1 / 2 of the weld pass width. In step four, the specific welding process parameters for the cover weld are: welding current 80-130A, arc voltage 22-26V, and welding speed 90-110mm / min. In step five, the process parameters for the vibration aging treatment are: vibration frequency 20-30Hz, vibration time 15-25min; In the cover weld, the weld reinforcement height is controlled according to the thickness of the high-strength steel substrate (1), and the weld reinforcement height is not less than 4mm.

2. The process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components with austenitic welding materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the coaxiality deviation between the through-piece (2) and the high-strength steel substrate (1) is ≤0.3mm, and the bevel gap is 2-4mm; the spot welding positioning welds are evenly distributed along the inner U-shaped bevel circumference in 4-6 places, and the length of a single spot weld is 8-12mm.

3. The process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components with austenitic welding materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the welding material is selected based on the strength of the high-strength steel matrix (1); when the yield strength of the high-strength steel matrix (1) is ≥590MPa, the tensile strength of the weld metal of the selected austenitic welding material is ≥510MPa; when the yield strength of the high-strength steel matrix (1) is ≥785MPa, the tensile strength of the weld metal of the selected austenitic welding material is ≥720MPa.

4. The process for welding high-strength steel through-hole components with austenitic welding material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The high-strength steel matrix (1) has a yield strength ≥ 590 MPa, and the penetrating member (2) is forged steel or cast steel with the same strength as the high-strength steel matrix (1).

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