A magnetic control swing jet flow auxiliary oscillation hob wedge crack rock breaking mechanism and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of magnetic control swing jet flow auxiliary oscillation hob wedge crack rock breaking mechanism and use method, belong to roadway tunneling equipment technical field.The mechanism includes rack, and is set on cutting assembly, permanent magnet drive assembly, spring resistance component, water jet component and hydraulic oil cylinder deflection angle component.The permanent magnet drive assembly is driven cutting assembly swing by magnetic coupling non-contact;Spring resistance component limits its circumferential rotation, so that it realizes high-frequency reciprocating swing;Water jet component is integrated in cutting assembly inside, can spray high-pressure fan-shaped water jet on rock and form crack in advance.Hydraulic oil cylinder deflection angle component can control the deflection angle of main shaft, so that the front of butterfly-shaped cutter head is inclined, and the cutting posture is optimized.The application realizes efficient, low consumption, low wear rock breaking operation by combining magnetic control swing and jet flow assistance, improves the autonomous cutting ability and intelligent level of cantilever type roadheader, and has the advantages of compact structure, convenient adjustment, stable operation, strong adaptability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock breaking technology, specifically to a magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter wedge rock breaking mechanism and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In mining, tunneling, and other engineering fields, rock breaking is a core component, and its efficiency directly impacts the overall project progress and cost. Traditional rock breaking technologies primarily rely on mechanical cutters or drill bits for direct impact or cutting. While these methods are widely used, they have several limitations. For example, conventional cutter rock breaking mechanisms rely on motors or hydraulic systems to drive the cutter's rotation, creating a wedging effect through the contact between the carbide-coated cutting teeth and the rock. This mechanical contact rock breaking method easily leads to severe cutter wear and shortened lifespan, especially when dealing with high-strength rocks, requiring frequent cutter replacements, increasing maintenance costs and downtime. Furthermore, mechanical transmission components such as gears and bearings are prone to frictional heat and vibration at high speeds, reducing system reliability and resulting in high energy consumption.

[0003] To improve rock-breaking efficiency, existing technologies have introduced water jet-assisted rock-breaking methods. These methods use high-pressure water jets to create pre-cracks on the rock surface, weakening the rock structure and thus assisting mechanical cutting tools. However, traditional water jet systems often use fixed nozzles with a single jet direction, making it difficult to cover large areas of rock, resulting in low water resource utilization. Furthermore, the auxiliary effect is limited when the jet pressure is insufficient. Another improvement is the oscillating rock-breaking mechanism, which enhances impact force through reciprocating motion. However, these mechanisms often rely on complex mechanical linkages or hydraulic systems, resulting in bulky structures, poor adjustment flexibility, and a tendency to generate noise and pollution.

[0004] In general, existing rock-breaking technologies face challenges such as low efficiency, rapid wear and tear, high energy consumption, and water waste. Especially with the increasing demand for deep resource extraction and the continuous improvement in rock hardness, traditional methods are no longer sufficient to meet the requirements of efficient and environmentally friendly operations. Therefore, the industry urgently needs an innovative mechanism that can organically combine mechanical rock breaking with fluid assistance to achieve precise and low-consumption rock-breaking operations. This application is proposed against this backdrop, aiming to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings and improve rock-breaking performance through magnetic drive and oscillating jet technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical defects and provide a magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism and its usage method, which aims to improve tunneling efficiency through the synergistic effect of magnetically controlled oscillation, jet assistance and attitude adjustment.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism, comprising a frame, wherein the frame is provided with:

[0007] A cutting assembly, which is pivotally mounted on the frame, is used for wedging and splitting rock;

[0008] A permanent magnet drive assembly that drives the cutting assembly to oscillate via magnetic coupling;

[0009] A spring-loaded anti-rotation assembly is connected between the cutting assembly and the frame to limit the circumferential rotation of the cutting assembly so that it reciprocates.

[0010] A water jet assembly, integrated inside the cutting assembly, is used to spray high-pressure water jets to create gaps in the rock to aid in rock breaking.

[0011] The hydraulic cylinder deflection assembly is mounted on the cutting assembly and is used to control the main shaft of the cutting assembly to generate a deflection angle, thereby adjusting the tilt posture of the disc cutter head so that its forward tilting edge always remains in contact with the rock, thus optimizing the cutting process.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the cutting assembly includes a spindle, a disc cutter head, a chuck, a housing, a front tapered roller bearing, a rear tapered roller bearing, an end cover, and a dustproof ring.

[0013] The housing is fixed to the front end of the frame by a first bolt, and the main shaft is oscillatingly mounted inside the housing by the front tapered roller bearing and the rear tapered roller bearing;

[0014] The butterfly-shaped cutter head is mounted on the shaft section of the spindle, with its right side positioned by a shaft shoulder and its left side positioned by the chuck. The chuck is fixed to the front end of the spindle by an eighth bolt.

[0015] The end cap is fixed to the left side of the housing by the seventh bolt, and the dustproof ring is provided between the end cap and the main shaft.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the permanent magnet drive assembly includes a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, a first back iron, a second back iron, a rotating shaft, a sliding sleeve, and a drive motor;

[0017] The first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are both composed of multiple fan-shaped unit permanent magnets assembled into a ring shape. The magnetic poles of two adjacent unit permanent magnets are arranged alternately as N poles and S poles, and the S pole of the first permanent magnet corresponds to the N pole of the second permanent magnet.

[0018] The first permanent magnet is bonded to the first back iron, and the second permanent magnet is bonded to the second back iron;

[0019] The first back iron is connected to the right end face of the main shaft by a second bolt, and the second back iron is connected to the left end face of the rotating shaft by a third bolt;

[0020] The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted in the sliding sleeve via a first ball bearing and a second ball bearing. The drive motor is fixed to the sliding sleeve by a fourth bolt, and the output shaft of the drive motor is a splined shaft that engages with the splined hole of the rotating shaft for transmission.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the permanent magnet drive assembly is an axial flux structure or a radial flux structure;

[0022] In the axial flux structure, both the first back iron and the second back iron are disk-shaped, and the S poles and N poles of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are alternately arranged on the corresponding disk end faces to achieve axial flux coupling.

[0023] In the radial flux structure, the right end of the first back iron is provided with a cylindrical protrusion, the first permanent magnet is sleeved on the cylindrical protrusion and its S pole and N pole are alternately distributed on the outer circumference of the cylindrical protrusion; the left end of the second back iron is provided with a circular slot, the second permanent magnet is embedded in the circular slot and its S pole and N pole are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the circular slot, thereby realizing radial flux coupling.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the sliding sleeve is provided with a dovetail slide rail, and the frame is provided with a dovetail groove. The dovetail slide rail and the dovetail groove cooperate to allow the sliding sleeve to slide to adjust the air gap. The dovetail slide rail is provided with a plurality of pin holes, and the frame is provided with a plurality of positioning pins corresponding to the pin holes.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the rotating shaft is provided with an eccentric shaft end for generating excitation force; the rotating shaft is positioned on the sliding sleeve by a positioning ring.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the spring-loaded rotating assembly includes a plurality of circumferentially arranged springs, one end of which is fixed to the first back iron by a fifth bolt, and the other end of which is fixed to the housing by a sixth bolt.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the water jet assembly includes multiple jet nozzles, a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring, a third sealing ring, and a water inlet pipe;

[0028] The butterfly-shaped cutter head is provided with a plurality of oblique inner holes arranged in a circular array, and the number of oblique inner holes is sixteen.

[0029] Each of the inclined inner holes is threadedly fitted with a jet nozzle, the jet nozzle having a jet channel inside and an internal hexagonal socket at the top;

[0030] The main shaft is equipped with a main shaft water inlet channel, a main shaft diversion channel and a main shaft water outlet channel;

[0031] The main shaft water inlet channel consists of four channels arranged in a circular array, with its input end connected to the water inlet pipe;

[0032] The main shaft diversion channel consists of four channels arranged in a circular array. The input end of each main shaft diversion channel is connected to the main shaft water inlet channel, and the output end is connected to the four main shaft water outlet channels.

[0033] The main shaft water outlet channel consists of sixteen channels arranged in a circular array, with each main shaft water outlet channel corresponding to and connected to one of the inclined inner holes;

[0034] The main shaft water outlet channel and the inclined inner hole are sealed by the third sealing ring;

[0035] The jet nozzle is sealed to the disc cutter head by the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the frame is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for introducing nitrogen gas to dissipate the heat generated by the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet.

[0037] This application also provides a method for using a magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism, including the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Start the drive motor. The drive motor drives the shaft to rotate through the spline connection, causing the second back iron and the second permanent magnet bonded to it to rotate accordingly. Since the shaft has an eccentric shaft end, the rotation of the shaft generates a vibration force, which enhances the rock breaking effect.

[0039] Step 2: According to the principle that like poles of permanent magnets repel each other and unlike poles attract each other, the rotation of the second permanent magnet on the second back iron will drive the first permanent magnet on the first back iron to move; however, due to the limitation of the spring anti-rotation assembly, the spring connects the first back iron and the housing through the fifth bolt and the sixth bolt, so that the first back iron and the first permanent magnet bonded to it cannot rotate in a circle, but swing back and forth along the axis, thereby driving the main shaft to swing back and forth.

[0040] Step 3: By engaging the dovetail slide rail on the sliding sleeve with the dovetail groove on the frame, the sliding sleeve can slide within the frame to adjust the air gap between the first back iron and the second back iron, thereby changing the torque of the spindle reciprocating; at the same time, nitrogen gas is introduced through the air inlet and exhaust port on the frame to remove the heat generated by the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet and prevent overheating.

[0041] Step 4: Start the water jet device. High-pressure water enters the jet channel of the main shaft through the first and third water pipes, including the main shaft water inlet channel, the main shaft diversion channel, and the main shaft water outlet channel. Due to the reciprocating swing of the main shaft, the high-pressure water jet sprayed from the jet nozzle is fan-shaped, forming gaps in the coal and rock, which assists the butterfly cutter head in wedging the rock. The main shaft water inlet channel consists of four channels in a circular array. During operation, only the jet channel in the cutting direction is opened to save water resources.

[0042] The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism provided in this application exhibits significant advantages in many aspects compared to existing technologies. These advantages stem from its innovative integrated design and intelligent control method.

[0043] First, the mechanism employs a permanent magnet drive assembly to achieve non-contact transmission. Magnetic coupling drives the cutting assembly to oscillate, completely eliminating friction loss and noise issues inherent in traditional mechanical transmissions. This design not only extends component lifespan but also improves operational stability, making it suitable for high-intensity operating environments. The permanent magnet drive assembly can be flexibly configured as an axial or radial flux structure, and the oscillation parameters can be easily controlled by adjusting the air gap, enhancing the equipment's adaptability and adjustability.

[0044] Secondly, the introduction of the spring-loaded rotary actuator cleverly transforms rotational motion into high-frequency reciprocating oscillation. Combined with the wedge-like action of the disc cutterhead, this significantly improves rock-breaking efficiency. The spring-loaded rotary actuator mechanism is simple and reliable, requiring no additional power source, thus reducing energy consumption and maintenance needs, while ensuring precise control of the oscillation process.

[0045] Regarding the water jet assembly, the integrated jet nozzle design allows the high-pressure water jet to be distributed in a fan shape, creating uniform gaps in the rock and effectively assisting in mechanical rock breaking. This oscillating jet pattern provides wider coverage than a fixed jet, improving water resource utilization, and avoids waste by selectively opening channels. Optimized sealing structures further prevent leakage and enhance overall reliability.

[0046] The hydraulic cylinder deflection component provided in this application is used to control the main shaft of the cutting component to generate a deflection angle, so as to adjust the tilting posture of the disc cutter head and keep its forward tilting edge in contact with the rock, thereby optimizing the cutting process.

[0047] Furthermore, the mechanism features a compact overall structure and allows for rapid adjustment via dovetail grooves and sliding sleeves to adapt to various working conditions. The excitation force generated at the eccentric shaft end, combined with the nitrogen cooling system, enhances stability and safety under high-temperature environments. In summary, this application, through multi-component collaboration, surpasses traditional technologies in terms of rock-breaking accuracy, energy saving, and environmental friendliness, providing an efficient and reliable solution for engineering applications. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the jet nozzle of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the spindle of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the main shaft of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating shaft of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the axial flux permanent magnet drive assembly of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the radial flux permanent magnet drive assembly of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the dovetail groove structure of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the spring-loaded rotation structure of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first or second permanent magnet in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first or second permanent magnet in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder deflection angle structure of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder drive system of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking mechanism using a roller cutter wedge.

[0062] As shown in the figure: 1. Chuck; 2. Butterfly-shaped cutter head; 2-1. Inclined inner hole; 3. Jet nozzle; 3-1. Jet channel; 3-2. Socket head cap; 3-3. Thread; 4. First sealing ring; 5. Second sealing ring; 6. Third sealing ring; 7. Main shaft; 7-1. Main shaft water outlet channel; 7-2. Main shaft diversion channel; 7-3. Main shaft water inlet channel; 8. Housing; 9. Water inlet pipe; 10. Bushing; 11. First bolt; 12. Frame; 12-1. Dovetail groove; 13. Positioning pin; 14-1. First permanent magnet; 14-2. Second permanent magnet. ; 15. Sliding sleeve; 15-1. Dovetail slide rail; 16. First back iron; 17. Second bolt; 18. Third bolt; 19. Second back iron; 20. Rotating shaft; 20-1. Left end face; 20-2. Eccentric shaft end; 20-3. Spline hole; 21. Drive motor; 22. Fourth bolt; 23. Positioning ring; 24. Second ball bearing; 25. First ball bearing; 26. Fifth bolt; 27. Spring; 28. Sixth bolt; 29. ​​Hydraulic cylinder; 30. Eighth bolt; 31. Joint ball bearing; 32. Seventh bolt; 33. End cap. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical components are indicated by the same reference numerals.

[0065] It should be noted that the terms “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “up,” and “down” used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the attached diagram, while the terms “inside” and “outside” refer to the directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0066] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0067] Reference Appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 14 This application provides a magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism. This mechanism is mainly used for rock breaking operations in mining or tunnel engineering. Through the synergistic effect of magnetic control drive, high-pressure water jet, and attitude adjustment, it improves rock-breaking efficiency and accuracy. The mechanism includes a frame 12, which serves as a support structure and integrates a cutting component, a permanent magnet drive component, a spring-loaded rotation component, a water jet component, and a hydraulic cylinder deflection component. These components work together precisely to achieve the reciprocating oscillation and attitude adjustment of the cutting component, thereby optimizing the rock-breaking process of the disc cutter head 2. The frame 12 is made of high-strength material to ensure overall stability, and its dovetail groove 12-1 is designed to adjust the position of the components to optimize performance.

[0068] In one embodiment of this application, the cutting assembly is the core part of the mechanism, responsible for direct contact with the rock and performing wedging operations. The assembly includes a spindle 7, a disc cutterhead 2, a chuck 1, a housing 8, a ball bearing 31, an end cap 33, and a dust ring. These sub-components are precisely assembled to ensure the swingability and sealing of the cutting assembly.

[0069] Specifically, the housing 8 is fixed to the front end of the frame 12 by the first bolt 11. The housing 8 serves as a protective outer shell, housing the spindle 7 and its related components. The spindle 7 is oscillatingly mounted inside the housing 8 via a ball bearing 31, allowing the spindle 7 to not only reciprocate but also deflect within a certain angle range. The disc cutter head 2 is mounted on the shaft section 7-4 of the spindle 7. Its right side is axially positioned by a shoulder 7-5, and its left side is fixed by a chuck 1. The chuck 1 is connected to the front end of the spindle 7 by the eighth bolt 30, ensuring reliable installation of the disc cutter head 2. The end cap 33 is fixed to the left side of the housing 8 by the seventh bolt 32. A dustproof ring is provided between the end cap 33 and the spindle 7 to prevent dust and impurities from entering the bearing area, extending component life. The disc cutter head 2 is made of high-strength alloy steel, and its surface is hardened to enhance wear resistance.

[0070] The permanent magnet drive assembly drives the cutting assembly to oscillate via magnetic coupling. Its design is based on the principle that like poles of permanent magnets repel each other and unlike poles attract each other, achieving contactless transmission and reducing mechanical wear. The permanent magnet drive assembly includes a first permanent magnet 14-1, a second permanent magnet 14-2, a first back iron 16, a second back iron 19, a rotating shaft 20, a sliding sleeve 15, and a drive motor 21.

[0071] Specifically, both the first permanent magnet 14-1 and the second permanent magnet 14-2 are composed of multiple fan-shaped unit permanent magnets assembled into a ring shape. The magnetic poles of adjacent unit permanent magnets are arranged alternately as N and S poles, which generates a strong magnetic field gradient and enhances magnetic coupling efficiency. The first permanent magnet 14-1 is bonded to the first back iron 16, and the second permanent magnet 14-2 is bonded to the second back iron 19. The back iron is made of a high-permeability material to concentrate magnetic flux. The first back iron 16 is connected to the right end face 7-6 of the main shaft 7 by the second bolt 17, and the second back iron 19 is connected to the left end face 20-1 of the rotating shaft 20 by the third bolt 18. The rotating shaft 20 is rotatably mounted on the sliding sleeve 15 by the first ball bearing 25 and the second ball bearing 24. The drive motor 21 is fixed to the sliding sleeve 15 by the fourth bolt 22. The output shaft of the drive motor 21 is a splined shaft, which cooperates with the spline hole 20-3 of the rotating shaft 20 for transmission, ensuring the reliability of power transmission.

[0072] The permanent magnet drive assembly can be designed in two structures: axial flux structure or radial flux structure. In the axial flux structure, both the first back iron 16 and the second back iron 19 are disc-shaped, with the S and N poles of the permanent magnets alternately arranged on the end face of the disc to achieve axial flux coupling, suitable for applications with limited space. In the radial flux structure, the right end of the first back iron 16 has a cylindrical protrusion, and the first permanent magnet 14-1 is fitted onto the protrusion with its magnetic poles alternately distributed on the outer circumference; the left end of the second back iron 19 has a circular slot, and the second permanent magnet 14-2 is embedded in the slot with its magnetic poles circumferentially distributed on the inner wall, achieving radial flux coupling, suitable for high torque requirements. The sliding sleeve 15 has a dovetail slide rail 15-1, which cooperates with the dovetail groove 12-1 on the frame 12, allowing the sliding sleeve 15 to slide to adjust the air gap between the first back iron 16 and the second back iron 19, thereby adjusting the magnetic coupling strength and the swing torque of the main shaft 7. The dovetail slide rail 15-1 is provided with several pin holes, and the frame 12 is provided with positioning pins 13 for fixing the position of the sliding sleeve 15. The rotating shaft 20 is provided with an eccentric shaft end 20-2. When the rotating shaft 20 rotates, it generates a vibration force to enhance the impact effect during rock breaking. The rotating shaft 20 is positioned on the sliding sleeve 15 by a positioning ring 23 to ensure axial stability.

[0073] The spring-loaded rotation restraint assembly is connected between the cutting assembly and the frame 12 to restrict the circumferential rotation of the main shaft 7, allowing it to only oscillate back and forth. The assembly includes several circumferentially arranged springs 27, one end of which is fixed to the first back iron 16 by a fifth bolt 26, and the other end is fixed to the housing 8 by a sixth bolt 28. The springs 27 are made of high fatigue strength materials, such as spring steel, capable of withstanding frequent reciprocating loads. When the permanent magnet drive assembly attempts to rotate the first back iron 16, the springs 27 generate a reverse torque, converting the rotational motion into oscillating motion. This design is simple and reliable, requires no external power, and reduces energy consumption. The number and stiffness of the springs 27 can be adjusted according to the oscillation frequency to optimize performance.

[0074] The water jet assembly is integrated inside the cutting assembly and is used to spray high-pressure water jets to pre-create gaps in the rock, assisting the butterfly cutter head 2 in breaking the rock. The assembly includes multiple jet nozzles 3, a first sealing ring 4, a second sealing ring 5, a third sealing ring 6, and a water inlet pipe 9. The butterfly cutter head 2 has multiple oblique inner holes 2-1 arranged in a circumferential array, totaling sixteen holes. Each oblique inner hole 2-1 is fitted with a jet nozzle 3 via a thread 3-3. The jet nozzle 3 has a jet channel 3-1 inside and an internal hexagonal socket 3-2 at the top for easy installation and disassembly. The main shaft 7 has a main shaft water inlet channel 7-3, a main shaft diversion channel 7-2, and a main shaft water outlet channel 7-1 inside. The main spindle water inlet channel 7-3 consists of four channels arranged in a circular array, with its input end connected to the water inlet pipe 9. The main spindle branch channel 7-2 also consists of four channels arranged in a circular array, each branch channel connecting to one of the four main spindle water outlet channels 7-1. The main spindle water outlet channel 7-1 consists of sixteen channels arranged in a circular array, each channel corresponding to a corresponding inclined inner hole 2-1. In terms of sealing design, the main spindle water outlet channel 7-1 is sealed to the inclined inner hole 2-1 by a third sealing ring 6, and the jet nozzle 3 is sealed to the disc cutter head 2 by a first sealing ring 4 and a second sealing ring 5, ensuring no leakage of the high-pressure water jet. This channel arrangement achieves four-quadrant symmetry, opening only the jet channel in the cutting direction during operation, thus saving water resources. The jet nozzle 3 uses wear-resistant materials, such as tungsten carbide, to extend its service life.

[0075] As an important improved embodiment of this application, the hydraulic cylinder deflection assembly is used to dynamically adjust the posture of the cutting assembly to adapt to different cutting surfaces. This assembly includes a bushing 10 and multiple hydraulic cylinders 29. The bushing 10 is fitted onto the main shaft 7 and can slide axially along the main shaft 7. Multiple hydraulic cylinders 29 are arranged in a circumferential array and mounted on the housing 8. The piston rod end of each hydraulic cylinder 29 is machined into an arc surface, which fits against a corresponding arc surface on the outer circumferential surface of the bushing 10. The hydraulic cylinders 29 are driven by an independent hydraulic drive system (such as...). Figure 13The hydraulic drive system is controlled as shown. Specifically, it includes an oil tank as the oil source, an oil filter, a hydraulic pump, and a relief valve. Pressurized oil from the hydraulic pump, after being filtered by the oil filter and having its system pressure adjusted by the relief valve, is distributed to three parallel control loops with identical structures. Each loop independently controls one hydraulic cylinder 29. Each control loop consists of a three-position four-way directional valve and a speed control valve connected in series. By operating the directional valve of the corresponding loop, the oil flow direction can be switched, thereby controlling the extension or retraction of the piston rod of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder 29. The series-connected speed control valve is used to precisely regulate the oil flow into or out of the cylinder, thus achieving fine control over the piston rod extension and retraction speed. By independently and precisely controlling the extension length of the piston rod of each hydraulic cylinder 29 through this hydraulic drive system, forces of different magnitudes and directions can be applied to the bushing 10. Since the bushing 10 is connected to the main shaft 7, the resultant force of these forces forces the main shaft 7, supported by the ball bearing 31, to generate a controllable deflection angle around its swing center. By precisely controlling the stroke combination of three (or more) hydraulic cylinders 29, the main shaft 7 can be continuously and precisely tilted in any direction, thereby enabling the butterfly cutter head 2 fixed at the front end of the main shaft to generate the required forward tilt angle, ensuring that its leading edge always contacts and crushes the rock at the optimal angle, significantly improving the adaptability to different tunnel profiles or rock strata.

[0076] As one embodiment of this application, the frame 12 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for introducing nitrogen gas to dissipate the heat generated by the first permanent magnet 14-1 and the second permanent magnet 14-2, preventing the permanent magnets from demagnetizing due to overheating. Nitrogen, as an inert gas, also avoids oxidation problems. Furthermore, since the permanent magnets 14 are arranged circumferentially, the number of pole pairs can be adjusted by changing the number of permanent magnets when the drive motor 21 rotates at a constant speed, thereby changing the frequency of the reciprocating oscillation of the main shaft 7 to adapt to different rock hardnesses.

[0077] This application also provides a method for using a magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism, including the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: Start the drive motor 21. The drive motor 21 drives the rotating shaft 20 to rotate through spline engagement, causing the second back iron 19 and the second permanent magnet 14-2 bonded to it to rotate accordingly. Since the rotating shaft 20 has an eccentric shaft end 20-2, the rotation of the rotating shaft 20 generates an excitation force. This excitation force is transmitted to the cutting assembly through magnetic coupling, enhancing the impact effect during rock breaking, and is suitable for hard rocks.

[0079] Step Two: Based on the principle that like poles of permanent magnets repel and unlike poles attract, the rotation of the second permanent magnet 14-2 on the second back iron 19 will drive the first permanent magnet 14-1 on the first back iron 16 to move. However, due to the limitation of the spring anti-rotation assembly, the spring 27 connects the first back iron 16 and the housing 8 through the fifth bolt 26 and the sixth bolt 28, preventing the first back iron 16 and the first permanent magnet 14-1 bonded to it from rotating in a circular motion. Instead, they oscillate back and forth along the axis, thereby driving the main shaft 7 and the disc cutter head 2 to oscillate back and forth. The oscillation amplitude can be controlled by adjusting the air gap.

[0080] Step 3: Activate the hydraulic cylinder deflection assembly. Multiple hydraulic cylinders 29, arranged in a circumferential array, are controlled by the hydraulic drive system to extend their piston rods to different lengths. Since the arcuate surface of the piston rod end fits against the outer surface of the bushing 10, the forces exerted by the piston rods of different lengths on the bushing 10 form a resultant torque, driving the main shaft 7 to produce a set deflection angle under the support of the ball bearing 31. This causes the butterfly cutterhead 2, mounted at the front end of the main shaft 7, to tilt forward. When the tunneling machine changes its cutting direction, by adjusting the extension length of each hydraulic cylinder 29 in real time, the main shaft 7 (and the butterfly cutterhead 2) can tilt in any desired direction, thus ensuring that the forward-tilting edge of the butterfly cutterhead 2 maintains optimal contact with the rock face to be broken, achieving adaptive cutting.

[0081] Step 4: By engaging the dovetail slide rail 15-1 on the sliding sleeve 15 with the dovetail groove 12-1 on the frame 12, the sliding sleeve 15 can slide within the frame 12 to adjust the air gap between the first back iron 16 and the second back iron 19, thereby changing the magnetic coupling strength and the torque of the reciprocating oscillation of the spindle 7. Simultaneously, nitrogen gas is introduced through the air inlet and outlet holes on the frame 12 for forced air cooling, dissipating the heat generated by the permanent magnet and preventing overheating failure. After adjusting the air gap, the position of the sliding sleeve 15 is fixed using the positioning pin 13.

[0082] Step 5: Activate the water jet device. High-pressure water enters the jet channel of the main shaft 7 through the inlet pipe 9, including the main shaft water inlet channel 7-3, the main shaft diversion channel 7-2, and the main shaft water outlet channel 7-1. Due to the reciprocating oscillation of the main shaft 7, the high-pressure water jet ejected from the jet nozzle 3 forms a fan shape, creating uniform gaps on the coal and rock, reducing the shear strength of the rock, and assisting the butterfly cutterhead 2 in wedging the rock. To conserve water resources, the main shaft water inlet channel 7-3 is arranged in four quadrants, and only the jet channel in the cutting direction is opened during operation.

[0083] The above supplementary descriptions provide a more detailed and comprehensive overview of the embodiments, while maintaining technical accuracy and logical coherence. All supplements are based on the original document and do not introduce new content. The invention and its embodiments have been described above; such descriptions are not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings represent only one embodiment of the invention. The actual structure is not limited to this. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism, comprising a frame (12), characterized in that, The frame (12) is equipped with: A cutting assembly, which is pivotally mounted on the frame (12), is used for wedging and splitting rock; A permanent magnet drive assembly that drives the cutting assembly to oscillate via magnetic coupling; A spring-loaded anti-rotation assembly is connected between the cutting assembly and the frame (12) to limit the circumferential rotation of the cutting assembly so that it reciprocates. A water jet assembly, integrated inside the cutting assembly, is used to spray high-pressure water jets to create gaps in the rock to aid in rock breaking. A hydraulic cylinder deflection assembly is installed on the cutting assembly to control the spindle (7) of the cutting assembly to generate a deflection angle in order to adjust the tilting posture of the butterfly cutter head (2).

2. The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter rock-breaking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting assembly includes a spindle (7), a butterfly cutter head (2), a chuck (1), a housing (8), a ball bearing (31), an end cap (33), and a dust ring; The housing (8) is fixed to the front end of the frame (12) by the first bolt (11), and the main shaft (7) is swayably mounted inside the housing (8) by a ball bearing (31); The butterfly cutter head (2) is installed on the shaft section (7-4) of the spindle (7), and is positioned on the right side by the shaft shoulder (7-5) and on the left side by the chuck (1). The chuck (1) is fixed to the front end of the spindle (7) by the eighth bolt (30). The end cap (33) is fixed to the left side of the housing (8) by the seventh bolt (32), and the dustproof ring is provided between the end cap (33) and the main shaft (7).

3. The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter rock-breaking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet drive assembly includes a first permanent magnet (14-1), a second permanent magnet (14-2), a first back iron (16), a second back iron (19), a rotating shaft (20), a sliding sleeve (15), and a drive motor (21). The first permanent magnet (14-1) and the second permanent magnet (14-2) are both composed of multiple fan-shaped unit permanent magnets assembled into a ring shape. The magnetic poles of two adjacent unit permanent magnets are arranged alternately as N pole and S pole, and the S pole of the first permanent magnet (14-1) corresponds to the N pole of the second permanent magnet (14-2). The first permanent magnet (14-1) is bonded to the first back iron (16), and the second permanent magnet (14-2) is bonded to the second back iron (19); The first back iron (16) is connected to the right end face (7-6) of the main shaft (7) by the second bolt (17), and the second back iron (19) is connected to the left end face (20-1) of the rotating shaft (20) by the third bolt (18). The rotating shaft (20) is rotatably mounted in the sliding sleeve (15) via the first ball bearing (25) and the second ball bearing (24). The drive motor (21) is fixed to the sliding sleeve (15) via the fourth bolt (22). The output shaft of the drive motor (21) is a spline shaft, which is engaged with the spline hole (20-3) of the rotating shaft (20) for transmission. The frame (12) is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust outlet for introducing nitrogen gas to remove the heat generated by the first permanent magnet (14-1) and the second permanent magnet (14-2).

4. The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter rock-breaking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The permanent magnet drive assembly is an axial flux structure or a radial flux structure; In the axial flux structure, the first back iron (16) and the second back iron (19) are both disk-shaped, and the S pole and N pole of the first permanent magnet (14-1) and the second permanent magnet (14-2) are alternately arranged on the corresponding disk end face to realize axial flux coupling. In the radial flux structure, the right end of the first back iron (16) is provided with a cylindrical protrusion, the first permanent magnet (14-1) is sleeved on the cylindrical protrusion and its S pole and N pole are alternately distributed on the outer circumference of the cylindrical protrusion; the left end of the second back iron (19) is provided with a circular slot, the second permanent magnet (14-2) is embedded in the circular slot and its S pole and N pole are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the circular slot, so as to realize radial flux coupling.

5. The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter rock-breaking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sliding sleeve (15) is provided with a dovetail slide rail (15-1), and the frame (12) is provided with a dovetail groove (12-1). The dovetail slide rail (15-1) and the dovetail groove (12-1) cooperate to allow the sliding sleeve (15) to slide to adjust the air gap. The dovetail slide rail (15-1) is provided with a number of pin holes, and the frame (12) is provided with a number of positioning pins (13) corresponding to the pin holes.

6. The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter rock-breaking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (20) is provided with an eccentric shaft end (20-2) for generating excitation force; the rotating shaft (20) is positioned on the sliding sleeve (15) by a positioning ring (23).

7. The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter rock-breaking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spring-loaded rotating assembly includes several circumferentially arranged springs (27). One end of each spring (27) is fixed to the first back iron (16) by a fifth bolt (26), and the other end is fixed to the housing (8) by a sixth bolt (28).

8. The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter rock-breaking mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water jet assembly includes multiple jet nozzles (3), a first sealing ring (4), a second sealing ring (5), a third sealing ring (6), and a water inlet pipe (9). The butterfly-shaped cutter head (2) is provided with a plurality of oblique inner holes (2-1) arranged in a circular array, and the number of oblique inner holes (2-1) is sixteen. Each of the inclined inner holes (2-1) is fitted with a jet nozzle (3) by a thread (3-3). The jet nozzle (3) has a jet channel (3-1) inside and an internal hexagonal socket (3-2) at the top. The main shaft (7) is provided with a main shaft water inlet channel (7-3), a main shaft diversion channel (7-2), and a main shaft water outlet channel (7-1). The main shaft water inlet channel (7-3) consists of four channels arranged in a circular array, and its input end is connected to the water inlet pipe (9); The main shaft diversion channel (7-2) consists of four channels in a circular array. The input end of each main shaft diversion channel (7-2) is connected to the main shaft water inlet channel (7-3), and the output end is connected to the four main shaft water outlet channels (7-1). The main shaft water outlet channel (7-1) consists of sixteen channels arranged in a circular array, and each main shaft water outlet channel (7-1) is connected to one of the inclined inner holes (2-1); The main shaft water outlet channel (7-1) and the inclined inner hole (2-1) are sealed by the third sealing ring (6); The jet nozzle (3) is sealed to the disc (2) by the first sealing ring (4) and the second sealing ring (5).

9. The magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter rock-breaking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic cylinder deflection assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder (29) and a bushing (10). The bushing (10) is mounted on the main shaft (7) and can slide left and right on the main shaft (7). The hydraulic cylinders (29) are distributed in a circumferential array and mounted on the housing (8). The end face of their piston rods is an arc surface that fits against the outer arc surface of the bushing (10). By controlling the extension length of the piston rods of each hydraulic cylinder (29), the deflection angle and tilt direction of the main shaft (7) can be continuously changed.

10. A method of using a magnetically controlled oscillating jet-assisted oscillating roller cutter wedge rock-breaking mechanism according to any one of claims 3-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Start the drive motor (21). The drive motor (21) drives the rotating shaft (20) to rotate through the spline connection, so that the second back iron (19) and the second permanent magnet (14-2) bonded thereon rotate accordingly. Since the rotating shaft (20) is provided with an eccentric shaft end (20-2), the rotation of the rotating shaft (20) generates a vibration force, which enhances the rock breaking effect. Step 2: According to the principle that like poles of permanent magnets repel each other and unlike poles attract each other, the rotation of the second permanent magnet (14-2) on the second back iron (19) will drive the first permanent magnet (14-1) on the first back iron (16) to move; however, due to the limitation of the spring anti-rotation assembly, the spring (27) connects the first back iron (16) and the housing (8) through the fifth bolt (26) and the sixth bolt (28), so that the first back iron (16) and the first permanent magnet (14-1) bonded thereon cannot rotate in a circle, but instead swing back and forth along the axis, thereby driving the main shaft (7) to swing back and forth; Step 3: Activate the hydraulic cylinder deflection assembly to control the multiple hydraulic cylinders (29) distributed in a circular array to extend to different lengths, so that the main shaft (7) generates a set deflection angle, thereby causing the butterfly cutter head (2) mounted on the main shaft (7) to tilt forward; when it is necessary to change the cutting direction, change the extension length of each hydraulic cylinder (29) to make the main shaft (7) tilt in any desired direction, always keeping the forward tilting edge of the butterfly cutter head (2) in contact with the rock, so as to optimize the cutting posture; Step 4: By engaging the dovetail slide rail (15-1) on the sliding sleeve (15) with the dovetail groove (12-1) on the frame (12), the sliding sleeve (15) can slide within the frame (12) to adjust the air gap between the first back iron (16) and the second back iron (19), thereby changing the torque of the reciprocating swing of the main shaft (7); at the same time, nitrogen gas is introduced through the air inlet and exhaust port on the frame (12) to remove the heat generated by the first permanent magnet (14-1) and the second permanent magnet (14-2) and prevent overheating; Step 5: Start the water jet device. High-pressure water enters the jet channel of the main shaft (7) through the water inlet pipe (9), including the main shaft water inlet channel (7-3), the main shaft diversion channel (7-2), and the main shaft water outlet channel (7-1). Due to the reciprocating swing of the main shaft (7), the high-pressure water jet sprayed from the jet nozzle (3) is fan-shaped, forming gaps on the coal and rock, which assists the butterfly cutter head (2) in wedging the rock. Among them, the main shaft water inlet channel (7-3) is a four-channel circular array. During operation, only the jet channel in the cutting direction is opened to save water resources.

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