High-adaptability hard-tooth surface herringbone gear reducer

Abstract

This invention discloses a highly adaptable herringbone gear reducer with hardened tooth surfaces. The large gear includes a left-hand sector-shaped half-gear ring and a right-hand sector-shaped half-gear ring. The meshing surfaces of the left-hand and right-hand sector-shaped half-gear rings and the hub boss of the wheel hub are both planar structures with micron-level anti-slip textures. The double-arc herringbone gear formed by the left-hand and right-hand sector-shaped half-gear rings is staggered by half a tooth pitch along the axial direction, and the tooth surface adopts a double-crown modified tooth surface. During assembly, the left-hand and right-hand sector-shaped half-gear rings and the hub boss are coaxially positioned. The meshing surfaces are coated with anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive and radially combined and cured. After curing, through-hole screw holes and pin holes are machined on the gear rings and the hub boss, and double fixing is achieved by screws and pins. This invention solves the problems of high processing difficulty, insufficient assembly accuracy and connection reliability, poor adaptability of lubrication system, and uneven tooth surface load distribution in existing hardened herringbone gear reducers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of speed reducers, and more particularly to a highly adaptable hardened herringbone gear speed reducer. Background Technology

[0002] Hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducers are widely used in heavy-duty transmission fields such as metallurgy, mining, and hoisting and transportation due to their strong load-bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency, and good running stability.

[0003] The existing technology for machining and applying hardened herringbone gear reducers has the following problems:

[0004] 1. The machining of integral hardened herringbone gear teeth is difficult, the tool wear is fast, and the machining accuracy is hard to guarantee; the connection between the split sector semi-gear ring and the hub is mostly made of mortise and tenon structure or direct welding. The mortise and tenon machining requires high precision, and welding is prone to thermal deformation, both of which lead to insufficient gear combination accuracy. Traditional planar meshing connection is prone to relative slippage, affecting transmission stability.

[0005] 2. Existing methods for bonding gear rings and hubs mostly use ordinary adhesives, which have insufficient connection strength and vibration resistance after curing, and poor compatibility with sealing materials, making them prone to oil leakage problems.

[0006] 3. Existing gear reducer lubrication systems mostly use splash lubrication or fixed lead spiral oil supply, which has poor oil supply accuracy and is prone to local insufficient or excessive lubrication. In addition, the lubricating oil is easily thrown off at high speeds, which cannot meet the lubrication requirements of hardened gear teeth under high contact stress.

[0007] 4. The tooth pitch matching design of the double circular arc herringbone gear is not perfect. The tooth surface is mostly the original contour and lacks targeted modification, resulting in uneven distribution of tooth surface contact points and prominent load concentration, which limits the further improvement of load-bearing capacity and aggravates tooth surface wear.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to develop new types of gear reducers to overcome the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Purpose of the invention: To address the shortcomings and defects of existing technologies, this invention provides a highly adaptable hardened herringbone gear reducer with low processing difficulty, high assembly accuracy, good lubrication compatibility, and uniform load distribution. It solves the problems of high processing difficulty, insufficient assembly accuracy and connection reliability, poor lubrication system compatibility, and uneven load distribution on the tooth surface in existing hardened herringbone gear reducers.

[0010] Technical Solution: This invention provides a highly adaptable herringbone gear reducer with hardened tooth surfaces, comprising a housing, gear shaft, bearings, a large gear, and a hub. The large gear comprises a left-hand sector-shaped semi-gear ring and a right-hand sector-shaped semi-gear ring. The meshing surfaces of the left-hand and right-hand sector-shaped semi-gear rings and the hub boss of the hub are planar structures, eliminating the traditional mortise and tenon design and reducing processing difficulty. The meshing surfaces are provided with micron-level anti-slip textures, increasing the bonding contact area and friction, preventing relative sliding during operation after curing. The double-arc herringbone gear formed by the left-hand and right-hand sector-shaped semi-gear rings is staggered by half a tooth pitch along the axial direction, increasing the number of tooth surface contact points. Furthermore, the tooth surface adopts a double-crown profile, and through micron-level tooth surface contour adjustment, the tooth surface contact path tends to be smooth, avoiding load concentration, further improving load-bearing capacity, extending tooth surface service life, and simultaneously reducing the overall size of the reducer, achieving energy saving and consumption reduction.

[0011] During assembly, the left-hand fan-shaped semi-gear ring and the right-hand fan-shaped semi-gear ring are coaxially positioned with the hub boss (specifically, existing tooling such as positioning sleeves and dial indicators can be used for alignment). The meshing surfaces are coated with anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive and radially combined and cured. Utilizing the high-efficiency curing characteristics of anaerobic adhesive in an oxygen-free environment at the metal contact surface, a high-strength adhesive layer is formed, initially fixing the gear ring and the hub. After curing, through-hole screw holes and pin holes are machined on the gear ring and the hub boss, using screws and pins to achieve double fixing, taking into account both adhesive strength and mechanical connection reliability, ensuring the assembly accuracy of the gear ring and the hub. At the same time, the anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive is highly compatible with sealing materials, avoiding the risk of oil leakage.

[0012] A herringbone-shaped oil lifting groove is provided on the hub boss. This herringbone-shaped oil lifting groove is a variable-lead spiral oil lifting groove. The oil inlet end of the herringbone-shaped oil lifting groove is connected to the lubricating oil sump of the reducer. The variable-lead spiral oil lifting groove has a gradually increasing lead from the oil inlet end to the oil outlet end, forming a progressive pumping effect, improving oil lifting efficiency and oil supply pressure stability, and preventing lubricating oil from being thrown off at high speeds. The upper cover of the housing is provided with a diversion-type transverse oil groove. The oil outlet of the diversion-type transverse oil groove corresponds to the spiral groove on the gear meshing surface and the gear shaft. Through multiple sets of oil outlets, the lubricating oil is evenly distributed to each contact area of ​​the gear meshing surface, achieving precise forced lubrication. Both ends of the gear shaft are provided with a gradient spiral groove, which accurately delivers the oil dripping from the oil dripping hole of the diversion-type transverse oil groove in the upper cover to the bearing. The groove depth gradually transitions from the oil inlet end to the oil outlet end, adapting to the lubrication needs of different areas of the bearing, ensuring that the lubricating oil evenly covers the bearing rolling elements, and solving the problem of uneven oil supply in traditional lubrication.

[0013] The micron-level anti-slip texture of the meshing surface is a cross-mesh structure with a texture depth of 0.05mm-0.1mm, a mesh spacing of 1mm-2mm, and a surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm. The anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive coated on the meshing surface is a high-strength bonding adhesive with a bond strength ≥30MPa, a temperature resistance range of -40℃-120℃, a curing time of 2h-4h, and compatibility with NBR and FKM sealing materials for metal surfaces. The depth and spacing parameters of the micron-level anti-slip texture have been optimized to ensure increased bonding area without affecting the fitting accuracy of the meshing surface. The anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive is a high-strength structural adhesive with a bond strength ≥30MPa, a temperature resistance range covering the operating temperature range of the reducer, and a curing time adapted to the production cycle, ensuring bonding reliability and assembly efficiency.

[0014] The rotation direction of the gradually changing spiral groove is opposite to that of the gear shaft. The groove depth gradually changes from the oil inlet end to the oil outlet end by 0.8-1 times. The lead is 0.3-0.8 times the circumference of the gear shaft journal. The groove width is 0.8mm-2mm.

[0015] The double-arc herringbone gear, composed of a left-handed and a right-handed fan-shaped semi-gear ring, has a tooth tip radius of 1.2m-1.5m, a tooth root radius of 0.8m-1m, and a tooth surface hardness of HRC58-62. The double-crown modification amount of the tooth surface is 0.02mm-0.05mm, optimizing load distribution while ensuring tooth surface strength.

[0016] The herringbone-shaped oil extraction trough has a depth of 0.8mm-2mm and a width of 1.5-2 times the depth.

[0017] The screw holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the gear ring, with a quantity of 6-12. Pin holes are symmetrically arranged inside the screw holes, with a quantity of 2-4. The fit tolerance between the pin holes and the pins is H7 / h6. The even distribution of screw holes along the circumference of the gear ring and the symmetrical arrangement of pin holes, through the preload of the screws and the positioning effect of the pins, further enhance the connection stability between the gear ring and the hub, preventing relative rotation during operation. The parameters of the variable lead spiral oil groove and the gradual spiral groove are matched to the hub speed, lubricating oil flow rate, and bearing oil supply requirements, respectively, ensuring a balance between lubrication efficiency and economy.

[0018] Beneficial Effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: The left-hand and right-hand fan-shaped semi-gear rings of the large gear of the present invention adopt a planar meshing structure and are connected to the hub boss. After radial combination and curing by coating with high-strength anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive, double through-fixing is achieved through post-processing screw holes and pin holes. The micron-level texture design of the meshing surface improves the bonding reliability. The hub boss is equipped with a variable lead spiral oil groove, which, together with the diversion-type transverse oil groove on the top cover of the housing, achieves precise oil supply to the gear meshing surface. Gradient spiral grooves are set at both ends of the gear shaft for directional oil delivery to the bearings. The double-arc herringbone gear adopts a staggered half-tooth pitch arrangement, and the tooth surface adopts a double-crown shaping process, further improving the uniformity of tooth surface contact and load-bearing capacity. It has the characteristics of low processing difficulty, high assembly accuracy, good lubrication adaptability, and uniform load distribution, solving the problems of high processing difficulty, insufficient assembly accuracy and connection reliability, poor lubrication system adaptability, and uneven tooth surface load distribution in the existing hard-tooth surface herringbone gear reducers. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the large gear and the hub of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting oil groove of the hub boss of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gradual helical groove structure of the gear shaft of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the micron-level anti-slip texture on the meshing surface of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] In the diagram, 1 is the housing; 11 is the top cover; 111 is the diverter-type transverse oil groove; 2 is the gear shaft; 21 is the gradient spiral groove; 3 is the bearing; 4 is the large gear; 41 is the left-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring; 42 is the right-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring; 43 is the double-crown modified tooth surface; 5 is the hub; 51 is the herringbone oil lifting groove; 52 is the screw hole; 53 is the pin hole; 54 is the micron-level anti-slip texture; 6 is the screw; 7 is the pin. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Example:

[0028] In this embodiment, the highly adaptable herringbone gear reducer with hardened tooth surfaces has a housing 1 made of cast iron, a gear shaft 2 made of 42CrMo material, which is surface hardened after quenching and tempering to a hardness of HRC55-58, and a large gear 4 with left-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring 41 and right-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring 42 made of 20CrNi2Mo material, which is carburized and quenched to a tooth surface hardness of HRC60-62, a tooth tip radius of 1.3m, a tooth root radius of 0.9m, and a double crown modification amount of 0.03mm.

[0029] The outer diameter of the hub boss of wheel hub 5 is 300mm. The meshing surfaces of the left-hand fan-shaped semi-tooth ring 41 and the right-hand fan-shaped semi-tooth ring 42 with the hub boss are flat, and the surfaces are provided with micron-level cross-mesh anti-slip texture (see...). Figure 5 The texture depth is 0.08mm, the mesh spacing is 1.5mm, and the surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm. During assembly, a positioning sleeve and a dial indicator are used to align the gear ring and the hub boss for coaxial positioning, ensuring that the coaxiality error is ≤0.02mm. The meshing surfaces are uniformly coated with anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive (bonding strength 35MPa, temperature range -40℃-120℃, curing time 3h). After curing at room temperature, eight evenly distributed screw holes 52 (M12) and two symmetrically arranged pin holes 53 (Φ10, fit tolerance H7 / h6) are machined on the gear ring and the hub boss. M12 high-strength screws 6 and Φ10 cylindrical pins 7 are installed to complete the fixing of the gear ring and the hub 5 (see...). Figure 2 ).

[0030] A variable lead spiral oil lifting groove is provided on the hub boss (see...) Figure 3 The rotation direction is opposite to that of hub 5. The oil inlet lead is 377mm, and the oil outlet lead is 565.5mm (gradually increasing by 1.5 times). The groove depth is 1.5mm and the groove width is 2.5mm. The cross-section of the diversion-type transverse oil groove 111 inside the housing cover 11 is rectangular (10mm wide and 5mm deep). It has 4 oil outlets evenly distributed above the gear meshing surface. The oil outlet of the variable lead spiral oil lifting groove is connected to the diversion-type transverse oil groove 111 (see...). Figure 1 ).

[0031] The journal diameter of gear shaft 2 is 80mm, and both ends have gradually changing helical grooves 21 (see...). Figure 4 The rotation direction is opposite to that of gear shaft 2. The groove depth at the oil inlet end is 1.2mm, the groove depth at the oil outlet end is 1.0mm (gradient coefficient 0.83), the lead is 125.6mm (0.5 times the journal circumference), the groove width is 1.5mm, the oil inlet end is immersed in the lubricating oil pool, and the oil outlet end corresponds to the mating surface of the outer ring and inner ring of bearing 3.

[0032] The left-hand fan-shaped half-tooth ring 41 and the right-hand fan-shaped half-tooth ring 42 are staggered by half a tooth pitch along the axial direction (tooth pitch is 15.7mm, and stagger is 7.85mm). After assembly, the contact spot area of ​​the tooth surface is ≥90%, and the contact stress is evenly distributed.

[0033] In this embodiment, when the reducer is running, the rotation of the hub 5 drives the variable lead spiral oil lifting groove to generate a progressive pumping effect, which stably lifts the lubricating oil to the diverting transverse oil groove 111, and then evenly delivers it to the gear meshing surface through the oil outlet; the rotation of the gear shaft 2 drives the gradual spiral grooves 21 at both ends to evenly supply oil to the bearing 3, and the lubricating oil has strong adhesion and no obvious detachment phenomenon; there is no relative sliding at the connection between the gear ring and the hub 5, and the transmission is smooth. Compared with the traditional reducer, the load-bearing capacity is increased by 25%, the volume is reduced by 15%, the energy consumption is reduced by 12%, the tooth surface wear is reduced by 30%, and the service life is extended by 40%.

[0034] This embodiment adopts a structure of planar meshing surface + micron-level anti-slip texture + anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive curing + double fixing with screws and pins, eliminating the traditional mortise and tenon design and complex welding process, reducing the processing difficulty, enhancing the connection reliability through anti-slip texture, and ensuring good compatibility between anaerobic adhesive and sealing materials, solving the problems of assembly accuracy and connection stability of split hard tooth surface herringbone gears, while avoiding the risk of oil leakage.

[0035] The lubrication system design, which combines a variable lead spiral oil groove, a diversion-type transverse oil groove, and a gradual spiral groove, achieves precise and uniform forced lubrication between the gear meshing surface and the bearing, improves the adhesion and stability of the lubricating oil supply, meets the lubrication requirements of hardened gears under high contact stress, and reduces wear.

[0036] The double-circular-arc herringbone gear with a half-tooth pitch staggered arrangement, combined with the double-crown profile modification process, not only increases the number of tooth surface contact points but also optimizes load distribution, avoids load concentration, significantly improves load-bearing capacity and operational stability, while reducing the size of the reducer, achieving energy saving, consumption reduction, and life extension.

[0037] The overall structure is reasonably designed, the processing and assembly technology is easy to industrialize, and it has strong adaptability. It has significant technical advantages and market value, filling the gap in existing technology in terms of the accuracy, lubrication adaptability and tooth surface load optimization of split hardened herringbone gear combinations.

[0038] With industrial applicability, mature processing technology, controllable assembly precision, efficient and reliable lubrication system, and uniform load distribution, it can replace traditional hardened gear reducers in heavy-duty and high-precision transmission scenarios such as metallurgy, mining, and hoisting and transportation, and has significant industrial applicability and industrialization prospects.

Claims

1. A highly adaptable herringbone gear reducer with hardened tooth surfaces, comprising a housing (1), a gear shaft (2), a bearing (3), a large gear (4), and a hub (5), characterized in that: The large gear (4) includes a left-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring (41) and a right-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring (42). The meshing surfaces of the left-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring (41), the right-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring (42), and the hub boss of the hub (5) are all planar structures, and the meshing surfaces are provided with micron-level anti-slip textures (54). The double-arc herringbone gear formed by the left-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring (41) and the right-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring (42) is arranged axially staggered by half a tooth pitch, and the tooth surface adopts a double-crown modified tooth surface (43). During assembly, the left-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring (41), the right-hand fan-shaped half-gear ring (42) and the hub boss are coaxially positioned, the meshing surfaces are coated with anaerobic liquid oxygen glue and radially combined and cured. After curing, through screw holes (52) and pin holes (53) are machined on the gear ring and the hub boss, and double fixing is achieved by screws (6) and pins (7). A herringbone-shaped oil groove (51) is provided on the hub boss. The herringbone-shaped oil groove (51) is a variable lead spiral oil groove. The oil inlet end of the herringbone-shaped oil groove (51) is connected to the lubricating oil pool of the reducer. A diversion-type transverse oil groove (111) is provided in the upper cover (11) of the housing (1). The oil outlet of the diversion-type transverse oil groove (111) corresponds to the gear meshing surface and the spiral groove on the gear shaft (2). Gradient spiral grooves (21) are provided at both ends of the gear shaft (2) to accurately deliver the oil dripping from the oil dripping hole of the diversion-type transverse oil groove (111) in the upper cover (11) to the bearing (3).

2. The highly adaptable hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micron-level anti-slip texture (54) of the meshing surface is a cross-mesh structure with a texture depth of 0.05mm-0.1mm, a mesh spacing of 1mm-2mm, and a surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm.

3. The highly adaptable hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anaerobic liquid oxygen adhesive coated on the interlocking surface is a high-strength bonding adhesive with a bonding strength ≥30MPa, a temperature range of -40℃ to 120℃, a curing time of 2h to 4h, and compatibility with metal surfaces using NBR and FKM sealing materials.

4. The highly adaptable hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the gradually changing spiral groove (21) is opposite to that of the gear shaft (2). The groove depth gradually changes from the oil inlet end to the oil outlet end by 0.8-1 times. The lead is 0.3-0.8 times the journal circumference of the gear shaft (2). The groove width is 0.8mm-2mm.

5. The highly adaptable hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-arc herringbone gear composed of the left-hand fan-shaped half-tooth ring (41) and the right-hand fan-shaped half-tooth ring (42) has a tooth tip arc radius of 1.2m-1.5m, a tooth root arc radius of 0.8m-1m, and a tooth surface hardness of HRC58-62.

6. The highly adaptable hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double crown modification amount of the double crown modified tooth surface (43) is 0.02mm-0.05mm.

7. The highly adaptable hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the herringbone-shaped oil extraction trough (51) is 0.8mm-2mm, and the width of the trough is 1.5-2 times the depth of the trough.

8. The highly adaptable hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw holes (52) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the gear ring, and the number is 6-12.

9. The highly adaptable hardened tooth surface herringbone gear reducer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pin holes (53) are symmetrically arranged inside the screw holes (52), with a quantity of 2 or 4. The fit tolerance between the pin holes (53) and the pins is H7 / h6.

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