Energy-saving type fast expansion high-low voltage complete cabinet power distribution equipment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high and low voltage power distribution equipment technology, and in particular to an energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment, including a high-voltage switchgear, a low-voltage switchgear, and a junction box. A mounting bracket is fixed to the inner wall of the high-voltage switchgear, and C-shaped profiles are fixedly connected to the mounting brackets. A crossbeam assembly angle iron is bolted to the side of the C-shaped profile, and a crossbeam is fixed to the side of the crossbeam assembly angle iron. The crossbeam has slots on both sides, in which drawer load-bearing plates and expansion plates are respectively engaged. A cooling fan is installed on the top right side of the high-voltage switchgear. This energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment adopts a structural design that combines modular slots inside the high-voltage switchgear with detachable expansion plates. It abandons the traditional integrated fixed frame mode, and relies on the pre-set slots on the crossbeams to freely install and remove expansion plates, achieving rapid expansion of the power distribution circuits and electrical modules within the cabinet without on-site cutting, welding, or modification of the cabinet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high and low voltage power distribution equipment technology, specifically to an energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment. Background Technology

[0002] High and low voltage switchgear, as core infrastructure equipment in power transmission and distribution systems, industrial plants, commercial buildings, and municipal power distribution systems, undertakes key functions such as power distribution, line protection, on / off control, and circuit switching. Their structural reliability, expansion flexibility, and heat dissipation and energy efficiency directly determine the overall operational stability and maintenance costs of the power distribution system. With the continuous growth of modern electricity loads and the increasing number of distribution circuits, existing traditional high and low voltage switchgear generally faces challenges in practical applications, including difficulties in later expansion and modification of the cabinet, the inability to quickly add circuits using modular designs, and a single heat dissipation mode resulting in high energy consumption. Furthermore, they struggle to simultaneously address the core technical challenges of protective sealing and efficient heat dissipation.

[0003] Existing conventional high and low voltage distribution cabinets mostly adopt a fixed, welded cabinet structure with an integrated, non-adjustable internal mounting beam design. The internal installation space and module positions are fixed after leaving the factory. When the power load increases later, requiring the addition of power distribution circuits and electrical components, it is impossible to directly expand the installation space within the existing cabinet. Expansion can only be achieved by on-site cutting and modification of the cabinet, adding an additional independent distribution cabinet, or replacing the entire cabinet with a large, complete set. This modification method not only has a long construction period, a large amount of on-site processing, and difficulty in guaranteeing assembly accuracy, but also significantly increases civil engineering and equipment procurement costs. Furthermore, the modification process easily damages the cabinet's sealing and protective structure, allowing dust and moisture to intrude and accelerating the aging of internal components.

[0004] Meanwhile, traditional power distribution cabinets rely on fixed cooling methods, often using normally open fixed fans or fixed ventilation holes. Normally open fans consume a lot of energy due to continuous operation and cannot adaptively adjust their start / stop based on the cabinet's internal temperature. While fixed ventilation holes allow for natural heat dissipation, they offer poor protection and easily introduce dust and corrosive gases. Some sealed power distribution cabinets, designed to enhance protection, enclose the cabinet, which in turn leads to internal heat buildup and excessive localized temperature rise, causing insulation aging, contact erosion, short-circuit tripping, and other malfunctions. Ultimately, a balanced approach cannot be achieved between rapid capacity expansion, energy-efficient cooling, and sealed protection.

[0005] Comparing with patent document CN114566893B, "A Stackable Heat Dissipation Electrical Distribution Box," this patent only uses an external stacking and splicing method to achieve simple capacity expansion. It is limited to external assembly and cannot achieve modular layered expansion inside the cabinet. The internal mounting bracket lacks adjustable slots and detachable expansion plate structures, failing to meet the requirements for multi-circuit layered layout inside high and low voltage cabinets. Furthermore, its heat dissipation relies solely on fixed heat exchange through water-cooled channels, lacking a composite structure combining intelligent temperature-controlled ventilation, magnetically agitated medium circulation, and passive flow-guided heat dissipation. It cannot adaptively adjust ventilation opening and closing according to the cabinet temperature, resulting in insufficient energy efficiency and heat dissipation adaptability. It fails to address the core pain points of limited internal expansion and the contradiction between heat dissipation and protection in existing complete cabinet systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear, comprising a high-voltage switchgear, a low-voltage switchgear, and a junction box. The low-voltage switchgear is fixedly installed on the left side of the high-voltage switchgear, and the junction box is fixedly installed on the left side of the low-voltage switchgear. A mounting bracket is fixed to the inner wall of the high-voltage switchgear, and a C-shaped profile is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket. A crossbeam assembly angle iron is bolted to the side of the C-shaped profile, and a crossbeam is fixed to the side of the crossbeam assembly angle iron. The crossbeam has slots on both its front and back sides, in which a drawer load-bearing plate and an expansion plate are respectively engaged. A cooling fan is installed on the top right side of the high-voltage switchgear. A bottom beam is fixed to the bottom of the inner wall of the low-voltage switchgear, and two sets of arc-extinguishing grids are fixed to the top of the bottom beam. Alignment guide posts are provided on the surface of the arc-extinguishing grids, and insertion windows are provided at the four corners of the arc-extinguishing grids. Passive airflow-guiding and heat-dissipating louvers are installed inside the arc-extinguishing grids.

[0008] Preferably, a cylinder is installed on the right side of the junction box, with a telescopic rod connected to the cylinder output end. An adjustment frame is fixed to the outside of the telescopic rod, and a guide rail is fixed to the inside of the junction box. A slider that slides with the guide rail is fixed to the side of the adjustment frame, and a magnetic block is fixed to the bottom of the adjustment frame. A liquid storage tank is also fixed inside the junction box, with a liquid inlet at the top. A sliding rod is fixed to the inner wall of the liquid storage tank, and a magnetic movable frame is slidably connected to the sliding rod. The magnetic block and the magnetic movable frame are magnetically attracted to each other. A semiconductor heat sink is installed through the right side of the liquid storage tank, and a cooling fan is installed on the outside of the liquid storage tank.

[0009] Preferably, the junction box has a ventilation slot on the left side, and the front of the adjustment frame is fixedly installed with a baffle adapted to the ventilation slot. The alignment guide column is aligned with the guide rod inside the low-voltage cabinet and the junction box respectively.

[0010] Preferably, a temperature sensor is fixedly installed inside the junction box, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control switch of the cylinder through an electrical box.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the semiconductor heat sink extends into the liquid storage tank, and the other end is positioned opposite to the cooling fan.

[0012] Preferably, the expansion plate is a detachable plug-in structure that engages with the crossbeam slot for positioning, enabling modular and rapid expansion assembly inside the high-voltage cabinet.

[0013] Preferably, the passive airflow guiding and heat dissipation louvers are arranged at an angle to match the airflow direction inside the low-voltage cabinet, forming a self-circulating heat dissipation duct.

[0014] Preferably, the slider and the guide rail have a silent sliding fit structure, and the cylinder drives the adjusting frame to perform linear reciprocating motion along the guide rail.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear adopts a structural design that combines modular slots inside the high-voltage cabinet with detachable expansion plates. It abandons the traditional integrated fixed frame mode and allows for free installation and removal of expansion plates based on the pre-set slots on the crossbeams. Without the need for on-site cutting, welding, or modification of the cabinet, it can quickly expand and install the power distribution circuits and electrical modules inside the cabinet. The whole system adopts a standardized prefabricated assembly structure, and a single person can complete the expansion operation without the need for professional construction equipment and complex processes. It is suitable for various scenarios of future power load upgrades and circuit additions, solving the problems of cumbersome expansion and modification of traditional distribution cabinets, high cost, and easy damage to the cabinet protection. It is flexible in assembly and highly versatile.

[0016] 2. This energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear utilizes a multi-layered heat dissipation structure, including passive airflow cooling, forced air cooling, liquid cooling heat exchange, and intelligent temperature-controlled ventilation. The low-voltage switchgear employs inclined louvers to create a natural self-circulating airflow duct, achieving passive energy-saving heat dissipation. The high-voltage switchgear, combined with a top fan, forms convection cooling. The junction box relies on a temperature sensor-linked pneumatic structure to automatically open and close ventilation slots. This, along with magnetically agitated liquid cooling and semiconductor heat dissipation, forms a composite heat dissipation system. It can adaptively adjust the heat dissipation mode and ventilation status according to the actual temperature inside the cabinet, eliminating the need for long-term full-load operation. While ensuring rapid heat dissipation and preventing excessive local temperature rise, it reduces equipment operating energy consumption, meeting the requirements of energy-saving power distribution design.

[0017] 3. This energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear enhances the operational safety and protection performance of the switchgear through the coordinated operation of an arc-extinguishing grid, alignment guide columns, a sealed splicing structure, and a sealable ventilation slot. The arc-extinguishing grid can quickly cut off the operating arc, avoiding the risk of arc burning and short circuits during low-voltage switching. The alignment guide columns ensure precise alignment of the cabinet splicing and module insertion, preventing line damage caused by assembly misalignment. The ventilation slot can automatically close according to temperature, preventing external dust, moisture, and corrosive gases from entering the cabinet, thus combining heat dissipation and ventilation with sealing protection, delaying the aging of internal components, reducing the probability of failure, and significantly improving long-term operational stability and service life. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the power distribution cabinet of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high-voltage switchgear of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the low-voltage switchgear of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the junction box of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. High-voltage cabinet; 101. Mounting bracket; 102. Drawer panel; 103. C-profile; 104. Beam assembly angle iron; 105. Beam; 106. Drawer load-bearing plate; 107. Expansion plate; 108. Cooling fan; 2. Low-voltage cabinet; 201. Bottom beam; 202. Arc extinguishing grid; 203. Alignment guide column; 204. Plug-in window; 205. Passive airflow cooling louvers; 3. Junction cabinet; 301. Cylinder; 302. Telescopic rod; 303. Adjustment bracket; 304. Guide rail; 305. Slider; 306. Magnetic block; 307. Liquid storage tank; 308. Liquid inlet; 309. Slide rod; 310. Magnetic movable bracket; 311. Semiconductor heat sink; 312. Cooling fan; 313. Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly, completely, and in detail described below with reference to Figures 1 to 7. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are also possible. All of these fall within the scope of protection of this invention. This invention is an energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment, mainly used in industrial production plants, commercial complexes, municipal power distribution, residential community power distribution rooms, temporary / permanent power distribution in factory workshops, and industrial park substations. It can meet the power distribution needs of high and low voltage circuits and possesses multiple functions such as rapid cabinet expansion, modular assembly, energy-saving heat dissipation, intelligent temperature control and ventilation, electrical arc extinguishing protection, line wiring, and long-term reliable equipment operation. The invention consists of three main parts: a high-voltage cabinet, a low-voltage cabinet, and a junction box, arranged sequentially according to the requirements of high-voltage to low-voltage and wiring input / output. The cooling fan on the right side of the high-voltage cabinet, the internal expansion installation components, the internal arc extinguishing and heat dissipation components of the low-voltage cabinet, and the internal pneumatic drive components, sliding adjustment components, magnetic linkage components, liquid cooling components, and temperature sensing and control components of the junction box work together to achieve a stable overall structure, convenient assembly, expansion without modifying the cabinet frame, and numerous advantages such as energy-saving heat dissipation, automatic temperature control and ventilation, arc extinguishing, neat wiring, high protection level, reliable operation, and convenient maintenance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "fixed installation," "fixed connection," "detachable connection," "click-fit," "sliding connection," "magnetic fit," "electrical connection," "through-hole arrangement," "inclined arrangement," "vertical arrangement," and "lateral arrangement," etc., are all technical definitions of orientation and assembly relationships, and do not limit the structural orientation of the equipment. They are only used to clearly describe the structural composition, assembly relationships, and working principle of this invention. The electrical connection uses insulated wires, terminal blocks, cable connectors, and integrated wiring within the built-in electrical control box. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments according to the actual market power distribution standards, cabinet protection level, rated current, and rated voltage specifications. As long as these adjustments do not depart from the core structure and working principle of this invention, they all fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] The overall cabinet layout structure of this invention is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the high-voltage switchgear 1, low-voltage switchgear 2, and junction box 3 are arranged in a horizontal line. The high-voltage switchgear is located on the far right, the low-voltage switchgear is in the center, and the junction box is on the far left. The three are sealed and fixed together using side flanges, connecting angle steel, and fastening bolts. Rubber sealing strips are installed at the joints to effectively improve the overall protection level of the cabinet, preventing external dust, moisture, and corrosive gases from entering the cabinet and avoiding moisture, dust accumulation, and aging of internal electrical components, thus extending the overall service life of the high and low voltage power distribution equipment. The entire cabinet is made of cold-rolled steel plate through bending, pickling and phosphating, and electrostatic powder coating processes. The surface is corrosion-resistant, anti-aging, and has high mechanical strength, making it suitable for various complex installation environments such as outdoor power distribution rooms, indoor power distribution rooms, damp basements, and high-temperature workshops.

[0024] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the high-voltage switchgear 1 is the core cabinet of the high-voltage power distribution system of this invention, undertaking functions such as high-voltage incoming lines, high-voltage branches, instrument installation, relay protection module layout, and subsequent circuit expansion and installation. Multiple sets of mounting brackets 101 are vertically welded to the inner wall of the high-voltage switchgear 1. The mounting brackets 101 are made of standard C-shaped steel, bent into shape, with strong overall load-bearing capacity and small deformation, capable of supporting multiple sets of power distribution modules, instruments, circuit breakers, transformers, and other heavy electrical components. Each set of mounting brackets 101 is vertically fixed with a C-shaped profile 103. The C-shaped profile 103 is a universal standard mounting profile for high and low voltage switchgear, with pre-drilled standard mounting holes on its surface, eliminating the need for on-site drilling and cutting, and conforming to industry-standard electrical installation practices.

[0025] The side of the C-profile 103 is detachably connected to a crossbeam assembly angle iron 104 via high-strength hexagonal bolts. The crossbeam assembly angle iron 104 is an L-shaped angle steel structure, arranged horizontally, serving as a transition support and positioning fixation. The side of the crossbeam assembly angle iron 104 away from the C-profile 103 is fixedly connected to a crossbeam 105 by welding or bolt fastening. The crossbeam 105 is made of rectangular steel pipe or bent steel plate, ensuring high overall levelness and uniform load-bearing capacity. Multiple sets of standard slots are evenly distributed along the length of the front and back of the crossbeam 105. These slots are integrally stamped, with uniform dimensions and small tolerances, providing excellent locking and limiting effects.

[0026] Inside the slots of the crossbeam 105, drawer support plate 106 and expansion plate 107 are respectively snapped in from top to bottom. Drawer support plate 106 is the supporting base for the drawer-type electrical unit inside the high-voltage cabinet. Its surface is flat and has positioning holes and mounting screw holes, which can be used to directly fix components such as high-voltage circuit breakers, load switches, metering instruments, and protection devices. Drawer support plate 106, together with the drawer panel 102 at the front of the high-voltage cabinet, forms a pull-out modular drawer unit. Operators can directly pull out the drawer unit without disassembling the cabinet door to complete component inspection, replacement, wiring and debugging, which greatly reduces the difficulty of later operation and maintenance.

[0027] The expansion plate 107 adopts a detachable plug-in snap-fit ​​structure design, which can be directly snapped into the pre-set slot of the crossbeam 105 for quick assembly, without the need for additional drilling, welding, or cutting to modify the cabinet frame. When the power distribution load increases later, or when additional power distribution circuits or electrical modules need to be added, the operator only needs to add the corresponding number of expansion plates 107 to the empty slots of the crossbeam 105 according to the number of new equipment, which can quickly expand the internal installation space of the high-voltage cabinet and realize modular rapid capacity expansion. The expansion plate 107 can be disassembled and assembled without professional welding equipment or cabinet structure modification, and can be completed by a single person. The expansion construction cycle is short, the cost is low, and the versatility is strong. At the same time, after the expansion plate 107 is snapped into the slot and limited, there is no lateral or vertical displacement, the structure has good stability, and it can bear the weight of electrical equipment for a long time without loosening, deformation or falling off.

[0028] A cooling fan 108 is fixedly embedded in the top right side of the high-voltage cabinet 1. The cooling fan 108 is a low-power axial flow cooling fan, matched to the heat generation inside the high-voltage cabinet and the internal space dimensions. After the cooling fan is powered on, it can draw the high-temperature hot air generated by the operation of the electrical components inside the high-voltage cabinet outward from the top of the cabinet, forming a forced convection cooling air duct from bottom to top, quickly removing the heat accumulated inside the cabinet and reducing the operating temperature inside the cabinet. This invention abandons the traditional high-power uninterrupted cooling mode, relying on a modular structural layout combined with a low-power cooling fan, and combining the cabinet's natural ventilation gaps to form a composite cooling system, significantly reducing the fan's operating energy consumption and achieving energy-saving operation. At the same time, it avoids faults such as insulation aging, circuit overheating tripping, and component life reduction caused by high temperatures inside the cabinet.

[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, the low-voltage switchgear 2 is located between the high-voltage switchgear and the junction box, undertaking functions such as low-voltage power distribution, circuit branching, overload and short-circuit protection, arc extinguishing, heat dissipation, and intermediate wiring. A bottom beam 201 is fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the low-voltage switchgear 2. The bottom beam 201 is made of thickened channel steel arranged horizontally, serving as the load-bearing base for all internal components of the low-voltage switchgear. It has high rigidity and load-bearing capacity, stably supporting the arc extinguishing components, power distribution busbars, circuit breakers, contactors, and other high-power electrical equipment above, preventing deformation of the cabinet due to long-term load.

[0030] Two sets of arc-extinguishing grids 202 are fixedly installed parallel to each other on the top of the bottom beam 201. The arc-extinguishing grids 202 are made of a high-temperature resistant insulating frame with multiple layers of metal grids arranged at intervals. They are a key safety protection structure in the low-voltage power distribution switching operation. When low-voltage circuit breakers and contactors interrupt load current, instantaneous high-voltage arcs are generated. If the arc cannot be extinguished quickly, it can easily burn the contacts, break down the insulation, cause phase-to-phase short circuits, or even fire accidents. The arc-extinguishing grids 202 set in this invention can cut the generated long arcs into segments and quickly extinguish the arcs by using the cooling, temperature reduction, and deionization principles of the grids, greatly improving the operational safety and electrical insulation reliability of the low-voltage switchgear.

[0031] Multiple alignment guide posts 203 are vertically fixed to the surface of the arc extinguishing grid 202. The alignment guide posts 203 are made of high-strength insulating material, with high verticality and high dimensional accuracy. The multiple sets of alignment guide posts 203 are precisely aligned with the guide rods preset inside the low-voltage cabinet 2 and the junction box 3. During the overall assembly of the cabinet, the installation of internal modular plugs, and the assembly of busbars, they can play a role in precise guidance and positioning limit, avoiding docking misalignment, terminal deformation caused by forced assembly, and line pulling damage, thus ensuring assembly accuracy and docking reliability.

[0032] The arc extinguishing grid 202 has fixed plug-in windows 204 at each of its four corners. The plug-in windows 204 are standardized rectangular openings, which reserve space for the installation and alignment of plug-in terminals, busbar plugs, and circuit plug-in modules. This facilitates the internal busbar layout, circuit branching, and quick plug-in installation of external cables in the low-voltage cabinet, resulting in neat and orderly wiring, reducing safety hazards caused by messy wiring, and facilitating later fault diagnosis and line maintenance.

[0033] Passive airflow-guiding louvers 205 are fixedly installed at an angle within the internal cavity of the arc extinguishing grid 202. These louvers are arranged at an outward tilt from top to bottom, perfectly conforming to the natural upward flow of hot air inside the low-voltage switchgear. Utilizing the physical principle that hot air rises and cold air sinks, heat inside the switchgear can be naturally diffused outward along the louver's tilt angle without the need for additional cooling fans, forming a self-circulating passive cooling airflow channel within the switchgear. This structure consumes no electrical energy, relying on natural convection for continuous heat dissipation, significantly reducing the operating power consumption of the entire power distribution equipment and aligning with energy-saving design principles. Simultaneously, the tilted louver structure also prevents large particles of dust and debris from falling directly into the switchgear, providing both heat dissipation and dust prevention.

[0034] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, junction box 3, as the key cabinet for wiring transfer, line aggregation, incoming and outgoing line arrangement, temperature control and ventilation, and auxiliary heat dissipation of the entire equipment, is located on the far left of the overall equipment. A long strip-shaped ventilation slot is opened on the left side panel of junction box 3. The ventilation slot is opened vertically along the height of the cabinet, serving as a channel for air convection and heat exchange between the inside and outside of the cabinet. Under normal ventilation conditions, natural air exchange and heat dissipation can be achieved. The ventilation slot is equipped with a movable baffle 313. The shape and size of the baffle 313 are perfectly matched with the ventilation slot. It can slide up and down to achieve three working states: fully open, half open, or fully closed, to adapt to the heat dissipation and protection requirements under different temperature conditions.

[0035] A cylinder 301 is fixedly installed on the outer right side of the junction box 3. The cylinder 301 is a small, silent pneumatic cylinder that is supplied with air from a conventional power distribution room source or a built-in micro air pump. The center output end of the cylinder 301 is connected to a telescopic rod 302, which performs linear telescopic reciprocating motion. An adjusting frame 303 is fixedly fitted onto the outer surface of the telescopic rod 302. The adjusting frame 303 is a frame-type steel structure with a stable overall structure that is not easily deformed. It moves up and down synchronously with the telescopic rod.

[0036] A guide rail 304 is vertically fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the junction box 3. The guide rail 304 adopts a precision linear slide rail and the surface is treated with wear-resistant polishing. A slider 305 is fixedly installed on the side of the adjustment frame 303. The slider 305 and the guide rail 304 form a high-precision silent sliding fit with low frictional resistance and smooth sliding without jamming. When the cylinder 301 drives the telescopic rod 302 to extend or retract, it drives the adjustment frame 303 and the slider 305 to make a smooth linear up-and-down reciprocating motion along the guide rail 304, ensuring that the baffle 313 moves accurately, without deviation or jamming.

[0037] A magnetic block 306, made of permanent magnet with strong magnetic material, is fixedly embedded in the bottom of the adjusting bracket 303. A liquid storage tank 307 is fixedly installed inside the lower part of the wiring cabinet 3. The liquid storage tank 307 is a sealed box structure, welded from corrosion-resistant metal plates, and can hold heat exchange media such as coolant and thermally conductive insulating oil. A through-type liquid inlet 308 is opened on the top of the liquid storage tank 307, equipped with a sealed dust cap. Normally, the inlet is sealed to prevent impurities from entering. When it is necessary to add or replace the coolant, the sealed cap can be opened for replenishment, making the operation simple and convenient.

[0038] A sliding rod 309 is horizontally fixed to the inner wall of the liquid storage tank 307. The surface of the sliding rod 309 is smooth and wear-resistant. A magnetic movable frame 310 is horizontally slidably mounted on the sliding rod 309. The magnetic movable frame 310 is made of magnetically conductive metal and forms an opposite magnetic attraction with the end faces of the magnetic block 306. When the adjusting frame 303 moves up and down with the cylinder, the magnetic block 306 at the bottom drives the magnetic movable frame 310 to slide back and forth along the sliding rod 309 by magnetic attraction. During the sliding process inside the liquid storage tank, the magnetic movable frame 310 can actively disturb the cooling medium inside the tank, break the static stratification of the medium, accelerate the overall circulation speed of the cooling medium, improve the heat absorption and heat exchange efficiency of the medium, and avoid the problem of uneven heat dissipation caused by excessive local medium temperature.

[0039] A semiconductor heat sink 311 is fixedly installed through the right side wall of the liquid storage tank 307. One end of the semiconductor heat sink 311 extends into the liquid storage tank 307 and is completely immersed in the cooling medium, while the other end extends out of the liquid storage tank and is exposed to the air. A cooling fan 312 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the liquid storage tank 307 corresponding to the position of the semiconductor heat sink 311. The cooling fan 312 is positioned directly opposite the heat dissipation fins of the semiconductor heat sink 311, and can quickly and forcibly dissipate the heat conducted by the semiconductor heat sink to the external environment during operation. This invention combines heat absorption by the liquid storage tank medium, circulation disturbance by a magnetic movable frame, heat conduction by the semiconductor, and forced air cooling by the cooling fan to form an integrated composite liquid cooling system. The heat dissipation efficiency is far higher than that of traditional single natural heat dissipation and air cooling, and it can be started and stopped according to the temperature inside the cabinet, without the need for long-term full-load operation, resulting in significant energy savings.

[0040] A temperature sensor 314 is fixedly embedded in the inner wall of the junction box 3. The temperature sensor 314 uses a high-precision digital temperature probe to continuously collect the ambient temperature inside the junction box in real time, and converts the temperature signal into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the integrated electrical control box inside the junction box. The electrical control box has preset temperature thresholds, and the upper and lower temperature limits can be manually adjusted according to the operating environment and load. The temperature sensor 314 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic control switch of the cylinder 301 through the control circuit inside the electrical box, forming a complete intelligent temperature control linkage control system.

[0041] During actual operation, when the real-time temperature inside the junction box 3 exceeds the preset upper limit threshold due to heat generated by the wiring and ambient temperature rise, the temperature sensor 314 sends a signal to the control box. The control box triggers the control switch of the cylinder 301, driving the cylinder 301 to retract the telescopic rod 302, pulling the adjusting bracket 303 and the baffle 313 downwards simultaneously, fully opening the ventilation slot on the left side of the junction box. The high-temperature air inside the cabinet quickly exchanges with the outside cold air through the ventilation slot, achieving rapid natural ventilation and heat dissipation. As heat dissipation continues, the temperature inside the cabinet gradually decreases. When the temperature drops back to the preset safety lower limit threshold, the temperature sensor 314 sends a signal again, controlling the cylinder 301 to reverse and reset, pushing the baffle 313 upwards to close the ventilation slot. After the ventilation slot is closed, it can effectively prevent external dust, moisture, and corrosive gases from entering the cabinet, protecting the wiring terminals, ribbon cables, relays, control modules, and other precision components from environmental corrosion, thus meeting the dual requirements of heat dissipation and energy saving as well as cabinet protection.

[0042] In this invention, the slider 305 and guide rail 304 adopt a silent and wear-resistant sliding structure, combined with high-precision assembly tolerances, resulting in low noise and minimal wear during operation, making it suitable for long-term continuous unattended operation in power distribution rooms. The expansion plate 107 features a standardized modular design, allowing for stacking and assembly of any number of plates without being limited by the original cabinet structure. Future power expansion does not require replacing the entire distribution cabinet; only the expansion plate and corresponding electrical modules need to be added, significantly reducing expansion and renovation investment costs. The passive airflow-guiding louvers 205, arranged at an angle inside the low-voltage cabinet, utilize the principle of air thermodynamics to achieve passive heat dissipation, requiring no power consumption year-round and demonstrating significant long-term energy-saving benefits. The arc extinguishing grid 202 can quickly interrupt and extinguish the operating arc, significantly reducing the structural risks of short circuits and fires in the low-voltage cabinet. The junction box adopts an integrated design of intelligent temperature sensor sensing, automatic cylinder drive, baffle linkage airflow control, and magnetic disturbance liquid cooling, achieving automated heat dissipation, energy saving, and intelligent protection.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear, comprising a high voltage switchgear (1), a low voltage switchgear (2), and a junction box (3), wherein the low voltage switchgear (2) is fixedly installed on the left side of the high voltage switchgear (1), and the junction box (3) is fixedly installed on the left side of the low voltage switchgear (2); characterized in that: The high-voltage cabinet (1) has a mounting bracket (101) fixed to its inner wall. A C-shaped profile (103) is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket (101). A crossbeam assembly angle iron (104) is bolted to the side of the C-shaped profile (103). A crossbeam (105) is fixed to the side of the crossbeam assembly angle iron (104). The crossbeam (105) has slots on both sides, and drawer load-bearing plates (106) and expansion plates (107) are respectively engaged in the slots. A cooling fan (108) is installed on the top right side of the cabinet (1); a bottom beam (201) is fixed to the bottom of the inner wall of the low-voltage cabinet (2), and two sets of arc extinguishing grids (202) are fixed to the top of the bottom beam (201). The surface of the arc extinguishing grid (202) is provided with alignment guide posts (203), and the four corners of the arc extinguishing grid (202) are provided with plug-in windows (204). Passive flow-guiding heat dissipation louvers (205) are installed inside the arc extinguishing grid (202).

2. The energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylinder (301) is installed on the right side of the junction box (3). The output end of the cylinder (301) is connected to a telescopic rod (302). An adjustment frame (303) is fixed on the outside of the telescopic rod (302). A guide rail (304) is fixed on the inside of the junction box (3). A slider (305) that slides with the guide rail (304) is fixed on the side of the adjustment frame (303). A magnetic block (306) is fixed at the bottom of the adjustment frame (303). A liquid storage tank (307) is also fixed inside the junction box (3). An inlet (308) is provided at the top of the liquid storage tank (307). A slide rod (309) is fixed on the inner wall of the liquid storage tank (307). A magnetic movable frame (310) is slidably connected on the slide rod (309). The magnetic block (306) and the magnetic movable frame (310) are magnetically attracted to each other. A semiconductor heat sink (311) is installed through the right side of the liquid storage tank (307). A cooling fan (312) is installed on the outside of the liquid storage tank (307).

3. The energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The junction box (3) has a ventilation slot on the left side, and the adjustment frame (303) has a baffle (313) that is adapted to the ventilation slot fixed on the front. The alignment guide column (203) is aligned with the guide rod inside the low voltage cabinet (2) and the junction box (3).

4. The energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (314) is fixedly installed inside the junction box (3). The temperature sensor (314) is electrically connected to the control switch of the cylinder (301) through the electrical box.

5. The energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the semiconductor heat sink (311) extends into the liquid storage tank (307), and the other end is positioned opposite to the cooling fan (312).

6. The energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion plate (107) is a detachable plug-in structure that is engaged with the slot of the crossbeam (105) to limit its position, thereby enabling modular rapid expansion assembly of the high-voltage cabinet (1).

7. The energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive airflow louvers (205) are arranged at an angle to match the airflow direction inside the low-voltage cabinet (2) and form a self-circulating heat dissipation duct.

8. The energy-saving, rapidly expandable high and low voltage switchgear power distribution equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slider (305) and the guide rail (304) are a silent sliding fit structure, and the cylinder (301) drives the adjusting frame (303) to make linear reciprocating motion along the guide rail (304).

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