An automatic kiln loading and unloading device for disc-shaped suspension porcelain insulators

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of disc-shaped suspension porcelain insulator automatic equipment of loading kiln and unloading kiln in disc-shaped suspension porcelain insulator processing technical field, including mechanical arm, the execution end of the mechanical arm is equipped with execution component;Wherein, the execution component includes shell, shell is equipped with several groups of clamping detection mechanism, clamping detection mechanism includes movable column movably inserted on shell, the inner grab piece is connected to the bottom of movable column by detection sensor, shell is equipped with magnetic plate, the top of movable column is movably penetrated magnetic plate and is equipped with electromagnetic ring after sleeve setting.The automatic production of high-temperature operation can be carried out simultaneously to grab multiple insulators to load kiln or unload kiln, greatly improve the efficiency of loading kiln and unloading kiln, the action of execution component is flexibly controlled by mechanical arm, effectively improve the loading accuracy of kiln, improve the density of loading kiln, simultaneously, clamping detection mechanism can measure the green weight of porcelain insulator during loading process and automatically screen out and remove unqualified products, effectively save firing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of disc suspension porcelain insulator processing, and specifically to an automatic kiln loading and unloading device for disc suspension porcelain insulators. Background Technology

[0002] As a key insulating support component in power transmission and transformation lines, the production process of disc suspension porcelain insulators involves kiln loading and unloading. Loading involves placing the formed green blanks onto kiln cars and sending them into the kiln, while unloading involves removing the fired finished products from the kiln cars.

[0003] Currently, the industry generally uses manual methods to complete kiln loading and unloading operations. Operators need to carry each insulator one by one and place it in the predetermined position on the kiln car, or remove the fired finished products one by one from the kiln car. This method has several shortcomings: First, the ambient temperature around the kiln is high, especially during the unloading process, where operators need to work in a high-temperature environment for a long time, which is labor-intensive and poses safety hazards. Second, it is difficult to ensure the placement accuracy of each insulator during manual kiln loading, resulting in low kiln car space utilization and insufficient kiln loading density, which in turn leads to high unit energy consumption of the kiln. In addition, it is difficult to conduct online detection of green blanks during the kiln loading process. Green blanks that do not meet the weight requirements cannot be identified and removed in time, which can easily be mixed into the kiln, causing energy waste and a decrease in the yield rate. To address these issues, we propose an automatic kiln loading and unloading device for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic kiln loading and unloading device for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: An automatic kiln loading and unloading device for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators includes a robotic arm, the execution end of which is provided with an execution component; The actuator includes a housing with several clamping and detection mechanisms. Each clamping and detection mechanism includes a movable column inserted into the housing. The bottom end of the movable column is connected to an inner gripper for inserting into the center hole of the green porcelain insulator and clamping the green insulator through a detection sensor. The housing is equipped with a magnetic plate. The top end of the movable column passes through the magnetic plate and is fitted with an electromagnetic ring. When the detection sensor detects that the weight of the green insulator reaches a preset threshold, it controls the electromagnetic ring to generate a magnetic force with the same polarity as the magnetic plate, so as to drive the movable column and the inner gripper to move the green insulator into the housing. When the detection sensor detects that the weight of the green insulator has not reached the preset threshold, it controls the inner gripper to release the green insulator.

[0006] A further improvement is that a storage tank containing marking pigment is provided on the inner wall of the housing on one side of the movable column. A spray nozzle is provided at the bottom of the storage tank. A solenoid valve is provided inside the spray nozzle. Several sets of alarm lights are provided on the housing, and each alarm light corresponds to a clamping detection mechanism. When the detection sensor detects that the weight of the green billet has not reached a preset threshold, it controls the solenoid valve to open so that the spray nozzle can spray liquid to mark the green billet and controls the corresponding alarm light to turn on.

[0007] A further improvement is that the inner gripper includes a wedge block movably disposed in the inner cavity of the positioning post, and a telescopic device disposed in the inner cavity of the positioning post for driving the wedge block to move along the axial direction of the positioning post. A plurality of clamping blocks are movably embedded in the outer circumferential wall of the positioning post. When the wedge block is downward, the clamping blocks are driven outward by the wedge block to clamp the inner wall of the green blank center hole. The clamping blocks are connected to the inner wall of the positioning post through an elastic connector.

[0008] A further improvement is that the two side walls of the shell are respectively provided with an exhaust component and an air supply component with the same structure. The exhaust component and the air supply component are connected to an air circuit module. The air circuit module includes a regenerative heat exchanger and a connecting seat located on one side of the shell. A cavity is opened in the connecting seat. The inlet of the cavity is connected to the output end of the regenerative heat exchanger through a first pipe. A miniature exhaust fan is provided on the first pipe. The input end of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected to the exhaust component and the air inlet pipe through a second pipe. The outlet of the cavity is connected to the air supply component and the air outlet pipe through a third pipe.

[0009] A further improvement is that a driven sprocket is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the movable column, the driven sprocket is rotatably connected to the magnetic plate, an impeller is rotatably arranged inside the cavity, the shaft of the impeller passes through the connecting seat and is sleeved with a toothed gear, a gear is meshed on one side of the toothed gear, the gear is elastically rotatably mounted on the connecting seat, the shaft of the gear is provided with a driving sprocket, and the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are connected by chain transmission.

[0010] A further improvement is that the air extraction component includes a diverter disposed on the side wall of the housing and used for communication with the pipeline, and several sets of fluid accessories. The fluid accessories correspond one-to-one with the clamping and detection mechanism, and the fluid accessories are connected to the diverter through the pipeline. The several sets of fluid accessories are respectively disposed on the inner wall of the housing through an adjusting member. The adjusting member is used to drive the fluid accessories to move up and down reciprocally and adjust the orientation of the fluid accessories. The fluid accessory in the air extraction component is an air extraction nozzle, and the fluid accessory in the air supply component is an air jet nozzle.

[0011] A further improvement is that the adjusting component includes a support seat vertically fixed to the inner wall of the housing. A toothed gear two is rotatably mounted on the support seat via a rotating shaft. A gear component two meshes with one side of the toothed gear two. The gear component two is rotatably mounted on the support seat. A pull rope one is wound around the gear component two. The pull rope one is connected to a sliding block. The sliding block is slidably mounted on the support seat and connected to the support seat via an elastic element. The gear component two is driven by the toothed gear two to wind up the pull rope one, causing the sliding block to move downward. The fluid accessory is rotatably mounted on the sliding block via an elastic rotating element. Contact rods are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the outer wall of the support seat. The upper contact rod is used to push the fluid accessory toward the top of the porcelain insulator when the sliding block moves upward to a preset position. The lower contact rod is used to push the fluid accessory toward the bottom of the porcelain insulator when the sliding block moves downward to a preset position. Among them, the rotating shafts in several sets of adjusting components all move through the housing and are connected to a miniature rotating device located on the outer wall of the housing.

[0012] A further improvement is that the sliding block in the air extraction component is also connected to a second pull rope, which passes through the top of the housing and is wound around the outer wall of the spool. The spool is rotatably mounted on the top of the housing via an elastic rotating component. A rotating roller is sleeved on the outer wall of the spool, and several sets of magnetic blocks are embedded in the circumferential outer wall of the rotating roller. An impact rod is movably mounted on the top of the housing and located between the corresponding movable column and the rotating roller. A return spring is provided on the outer wall of the impact rod to drive it to reset. A magnetic ball with the opposite pole to the magnetic block is embedded at one end of the impact rod facing the rotating roller, and the other end of the impact rod is used to contact the movable column.

[0013] A further improvement is that a receiving groove communicating with the housing is provided inside the connecting seat and below the cavity. A take-up roller is rotatably provided in the receiving groove. A protective cloth for sealing the housing is wound around the outer wall of the take-up roller. One end of the protective cloth is connected to an unwinding roller through a pull rope. The unwinding roller is rotatably located on the side of the housing away from the connecting seat.

[0014] A further improvement is that the inner wall of the receiving groove is provided with a cleaning component for cleaning the protective cloth, and the connecting seat is provided with an opening communicating with the receiving groove, and a cover is detachably provided at the opening.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes a robotic arm to automatically load and unload disc-shaped suspension porcelain insulators into and out of the kiln, reducing labor intensity and eliminating safety hazards associated with high-temperature operations. It enables automated production even at high temperatures. Multiple clamping and detection mechanisms on the actuator work synchronously, simultaneously grabbing multiple insulators for loading or unloading, significantly improving efficiency. The robotic arm's flexible control of the actuator's movements enhances loading accuracy, eliminating the need for excessive safety gaps between insulators and allowing for a more compact arrangement on the kiln car, increasing loading density. Simultaneously, the clamping and detection mechanisms measure the weight of the green porcelain insulators during loading and automatically screen out defective products, ensuring consistent quality of the green insulators entering the kiln. This reduces energy waste, minimizes the risk of decreased yield, and effectively saves firing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the kiln loading and unloading equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a local structure in the image; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the execution component structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Another perspective structural diagram; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the execution component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of structure A in the image; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the execution component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the air extraction component structure of the present invention; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of structure B in the image.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Robotic arm; 2. Actuating component; 21. Housing; 22. Moving column; 23. Positioning column; 24. Telescopic device; 25. Wedge block; 26. Clamping block; 27. Elastic connector; 28. Magnetic plate; 29. ​​Electromagnetic ring; 210. Alarm light; 211. Liquid storage tank; 212. Spray nozzle; 213. Connecting seat; 214. Impeller; 215. Gear with missing tooth 1; 216. Driven sprocket; 217. Air outlet pipe; 218. Regenerative heat exchanger 219. Miniature induced draft device; 220. Detection sensor; 221. Diverter; 222. Bearing base; 223. Gear with missing tooth two; 224. Pull rope one; 225. Fluid accessory; 226. Contact rod; 227. Pull rope two; 228. Rotating roller; 229. Magnetic block; 230. Impact rod; 231. Magnetic ball; 232. Miniature rotating device; 233. Protective cloth; 234. Cleaning component; 235. Unwinding roller; 236. Pull rope three. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content. Example 1

[0019] Please see the appendix Figure 1-5 An automatic kiln loading and unloading device for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators includes a robotic arm 1. The robotic arm 1 is a conventional structure in the field, such as a six-axis robotic arm, which will not be described in detail here. The execution end of the robotic arm 1 is equipped with an execution component 2. The robotic arm 1 drives the execution component 2 to move to the gripping station. After the execution component 2 clamps the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator blank, the robotic arm 1 drives the execution component 2 to move above the kiln car and accurately place the blank on the predetermined position on the kiln car. Then the kiln car sends the blank into the kiln for high-temperature firing. After firing, the kiln car moves out of the kiln. The robotic arm 1 drives the execution component 2 to move to the kiln car again, clamps the fired porcelain insulator from the kiln car and transfers it to the designated unloading position. It should be noted that the structure in the execution component 2 can be made of high-temperature resistant materials to enable high-temperature operation. This method improves the efficiency, accuracy and density of kiln loading and unloading. Among them, the execution component 2 includes a housing 21 with a rectangular vertical cross section and a hollow bottom. The housing 21 is provided with several sets of clamping and detection mechanisms. The several sets of clamping and detection mechanisms are arranged in a linear array along the length of the housing 21 to simultaneously grasp or place multiple green billets at the gripping positions, thereby further improving the efficiency of loading and unloading the kiln. The clamping and detection mechanism includes a movable column 22 movably inserted into the housing 21, allowing the movable column 22 to move up and down relative to the housing 21. The bottom end of the movable column 22 is connected to an inner gripper for inserting into the center hole of the porcelain insulator blank and clamping the blank through a detection sensor 220. The blank has a pre-drilled center hole during forming, which serves as the structural basis for the subsequent installation of the steel cap and steel foot. In this embodiment, the detection sensor 220 can be a gravity sensor or a pressure sensor. The housing 21 is provided with a magnetic plate 28. The top end of the movable column 22 movably passes through the magnetic plate 28 and is fitted with an electromagnetic ring 29. When the electromagnetic ring 29 is energized, it generates a magnetic force with the same pole as the magnetic plate 28. When the detection sensor 220 detects that the weight of the blank reaches a preset threshold, it controls the electromagnetic ring 29 to generate a magnetic force with the same pole as the magnetic plate 28, thereby driving the movable column 22 and the inner gripper to move the blank into the housing 21. When the detection sensor 220 detects that the weight of the blank has not reached the preset threshold, it controls the inner gripper to release the blank. It should be noted that the electrical components in this equipment are electrically connected to the controller (such as a PLC controller). During use, the robotic arm 1 drives the housing 21 to move to the gripping position. After the inner gripper grips the green billet, the robotic arm 1 drives the housing 21 to suspend the green billet. At this time (the electromagnetic ring 29 is not energized and it is in contact with the magnetic plate 28), the detection sensor 220 detects the weight of the green billet. If the weight of the green billet reaches the preset threshold, the controller controls the corresponding electromagnetic ring 29 to be energized to generate a magnetic force with the same pole as the magnetic plate 28. The two repel each other, and the corresponding movable column 22 drives the inner gripper and the green billet into the housing 21, completing the preparation for loading qualified products into the kiln. If the weight of the green billet does not reach the preset threshold, the controller controls the inner gripper to release the green billet, allowing it to fall naturally back to the original gripping position. In this way, quality sorting is achieved during the kiln loading process, effectively preventing unqualified green billets from entering the kiln, reducing the production of defective porcelain insulators, saving firing costs, and improving the consistency of kiln loading quality and yield.

[0020] Please see the appendix Figure 2-6 Preferably, in this embodiment, a storage tank 211 for storing marking pigment is provided on the inner wall of the housing 21 on one side of the movable column 22. The marking pigment in this embodiment can be ceramic pigment, but it is not limited to this type. A spray nozzle 212 is provided at the bottom of the storage tank 211. A solenoid valve is provided inside the spray nozzle 212. Several sets of alarm lights 210 are provided on the housing 21. The alarm lights 210 correspond one-to-one with the clamping detection mechanism. When the detection sensor 220 detects that the weight of the green billet has not reached the preset threshold, it controls the solenoid valve to open so that the spray nozzle 212 sprays liquid to mark the green billet and controls the corresponding alarm light 210 to turn on. When the detection sensor 220 detects that the weight of the green blank has not reached the preset threshold, the controller immediately controls the solenoid valve at the corresponding position to open. Under the action of gravity, the marking pigment in the storage tank 211 is sprayed onto the unqualified green blank below through the spray nozzle 212. At the same time, the controller controls the corresponding alarm light 210 to light up to alert the operator. Through the dual feedback of spray marking and alarm light 210, the identification and marking of unqualified green blanks are realized, which facilitates the subsequent traceability processing by the operator and improves the reliability of quality control of porcelain insulators.

[0021] Preferably, the inner gripper in this embodiment includes a wedge-shaped block 25 movably disposed within the cavity of the positioning post 23, and a telescopic device 24 disposed within the cavity of the positioning post 23 for driving the wedge-shaped block 25 to move axially along the positioning post 23. In this embodiment, the wedge-shaped block 25 has a trapezoidal vertical cross-section with an upper diameter larger than the lower diameter. The telescopic device 24 can be a miniature high-temperature resistant electric push rod, etc. The positioning post 23 is preferably made of a high-temperature resistant heat-insulating material such as ceramic fiber reinforced composite material or a stainless steel inner heat-insulating layer to ensure structural stability and prevent heat conduction to internal components when gripping the finished porcelain insulator. Several sets of clamping blocks 26 are movably embedded in the circumferential outer wall of the positioning post 23 and are evenly distributed circumferentially. The outer ends of the clamping blocks 26 are arc-shaped to contact the inner wall of the central hole of the porcelain insulator. The side of the clamping block 26 facing the wedge-shaped block 25 has a feature that cooperates with the wedge-shaped block 25. On the inclined plane, the telescopic device 24 drives the wedge block 25 to move downward along the axial direction of the positioning post 23. When the wedge block 25 moves downward, the clamping block 26 is driven outward by the wedge block 25 to clamp the inner wall of the green blank's center hole. The clamping block 26 is connected to the inner wall of the positioning post 23 through an elastic connector 27. The elastic connector 27 includes a guide rod fixedly installed on the inner wall of the positioning post 23 and perpendicular to the axis of the positioning post 23. The guide rod moves through the clamping block 26 and forms a sliding fit with the clamping block 26. A spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod. One end of the spring abuts against the inner wall of the positioning post 23, and the other end abuts against the clamping block 26. Under normal conditions, the elastic connector 27 drives the clamping block 26 to remain in an inward contracted state. When the telescopic device 24 drives the wedge block 25 to reset upward, each clamping block 26 automatically retracts inward under the action of the elastic connector 27, releasing the clamping to facilitate the release of the porcelain insulator. Example 2

[0022] Please see the appendix Figure 2-5 and attached Figure 7-9Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the two side walls of the housing 21 are respectively provided with an exhaust component and an air supply component with the same structure. The exhaust component and the air supply component are connected to an air circuit module. The air circuit module includes a regenerative heat exchanger 218 and a connecting seat 213 located on one side of the housing 21. The regenerative heat exchanger 218 is a conventional structure in the art and will not be described in detail here. The connecting seat 213 specifically connects the housing 21 to the execution end of the robotic arm 1. A cavity is opened in the connecting seat 213. The cavity inlet is connected to the output end of the regenerative heat exchanger 218 through a pipe one. A miniature exhaust device 219 (such as a miniature negative pressure fan) is provided on the pipe one. The input end of the regenerative heat exchanger 218 is connected to the exhaust component and the air inlet pipe through a pipe two. The cavity outlet is connected to the air supply component and the air outlet pipe 217 through a pipe three. In actual operation, when the robotic arm 1 clamps the fired porcelain insulator and houses it inside the housing 21, the air extraction unit extracts the high-temperature air from the housing 21. The high-temperature air enters the regenerative heat exchanger 218 through pipe two, where it stores heat energy. The cooled gas then enters the cavity of the connecting seat 213 through pipe one and is discharged to the outside of the workshop or the waste gas treatment system through the exhaust pipe 217, thus completing the cooling of the finished porcelain insulator. When clamping the green blank, the air supply unit is activated, and ambient temperature gas enters the regenerative heat exchanger 218 through the air inlet pipe to be preheated. The gas then enters the cavity of the connecting seat 213 through pipeline one, and then enters the gas supply component through pipeline three. Finally, the gas supply component sends the gas into the shell 21 to uniformly preheat the green billet, so that the green billet reaches a certain temperature before entering the kiln. This effectively reduces the thermal stress cracks caused by the rapid temperature rise after the green billet enters the kiln, and reduces the production of defective porcelain insulators. This method realizes the transfer and utilization of the waste heat of the high-temperature finished product to the low-temperature green billet, which not only accelerates the cooling speed of the finished product to improve the kiln unloading efficiency, but also achieves effective preheating of the green billet, reduces the heating load and firing energy consumption of the kiln, and further saves firing costs.

[0023] Preferably, in this embodiment, a driven sprocket 216 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the movable column 22. Specifically, the inner wall of the driven sprocket 216 is provided with a protrusion, and the outer wall of the movable column 22 is provided with a vertical groove that cooperates with the protrusion. The cooperation between the protrusion and the vertical groove allows the movable column 22 to move freely axially relative to the driven sprocket 216, and also allows the movable column 22 to rotate synchronously through the driven sprocket 216. The driven sprocket 216 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the magnetic plate 28 through a bearing. An impeller component 214 is rotatably provided in the cavity. The impeller component 214 includes an impeller and an impeller shaft. A shaft passes through the connecting seat 213 and is fitted with a toothed gear 215. A gear component 1 meshes with one side of the toothed gear 215. The gear component 1 includes a shaft and a gear that meshes with the toothed gear 215. The gear component 1 is elastically rotatably mounted on the connecting seat 213. The shaft of the gear component 1 is connected to the connecting seat 213 by a bearing and a torsion spring. The shaft of the gear component 1 is provided with a driving sprocket. The driving sprocket and the driven sprocket 216 are connected by a chain condition. Specifically, the chain condition includes a chain 1 that drives the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket 216 on one side, and a chain 2 that drives two adjacent driven sprockets 216. When the gas flows through the cavity, it drives the impeller 214 to rotate continuously. The impeller 214 drives the toothed gear 215 to rotate. The toothed gear 215 cooperates with the gear component, so that each movable column 22 and the inner gripper drive the clamped porcelain insulator to rotate back and forth as a whole, so that the porcelain insulator is uniformly cooled or preheated, thereby improving the cooling and preheating efficiency of the porcelain insulator.

[0024] Preferably, the air extraction component (with the same structure as the air supply component) in this embodiment includes a diverter 221 disposed on the side wall of the housing 21 and used to communicate with the second pipeline (a filter can be installed on the second pipeline) (it should be noted that the diverter 221 in the air supply component is connected to the third pipeline), and several sets of fluid accessories 225. The fluid accessories 225 correspond one-to-one with the clamping and detection mechanism (i.e., the number of the two is the same), and the fluid accessories 225 are connected to the diverter 221 through the pipeline. The several sets of fluid accessories 225 are respectively disposed on the inner wall of the housing 21 through the adjusting member. The adjusting member is used to drive the fluid accessories 225 to move up and down and adjust the orientation of the fluid accessories 225. Among them, the fluid accessory 225 in the air extraction component is an air extraction nozzle, which is used to extract high-temperature gas from the housing 21, and the fluid accessory 225 in the air supply component is an air jet nozzle, which is used to inject preheated gas into the housing 21.

[0025] Preferably, the adjusting component in this embodiment includes a support seat 222 vertically fixed to the inner wall of the housing 21. A toothed gear 223 is rotatably mounted on the support seat 222 via a rotating shaft. A bearing is provided at the connection between the rotating shaft and the support seat 222. A gear component 2 meshes with one side of the toothed gear 223. The gear component 2 includes a shaft and a gear sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft and meshing with the toothed gear 223. The gear component 2 is rotatably mounted on the support seat 222. A pull rope 224 is wound around the gear component 2 (shaft). The pull rope 224 is connected to a sliding block. The sliding block is slidably mounted on the support seat 222 and connected to the support seat 222 via an elastic element (such as a spring). Specifically, the support seat 222 has a vertical groove that mates with the sliding block. One end of the component is connected to the inner wall of the top of the vertical slide groove, and the other end is connected to the sliding block, which is used to provide the elastic force for the sliding block to reset. The gear component 223 drives the winding rope 224 to move the sliding block downward. The fluid attachment 225 is rotatably mounted on the sliding block through the elastic rotating component. The elastic rotating component includes a rotating shaft and a torsion spring sleeved on the rotating shaft, so that the fluid attachment 225 maintains a lateral posture without external force. The outer wall of the bearing seat 222 is symmetrically provided with contact rods 226. The upper contact rod 226 is used to push the fluid attachment 225 toward the top of the porcelain insulator when the sliding block moves upward to the preset position. The lower contact rod 226 is used to push the fluid attachment 225 toward the bottom of the porcelain insulator when the sliding block moves downward to the preset position. In this embodiment, the rotating shafts of several sets of adjusting components all extend through the housing 21 to the outside of the housing 21 and are connected to a miniature rotating device 232 (such as a servo motor) located on the outer wall of the housing 21. In this embodiment, the miniature rotating device 232 can be connected to each rotating shaft via a synchronous belt. The rotating shafts of all adjusting components are driven to rotate by the miniature rotating device 232. The toothless gear 223, in cooperation with the gear component 2, winds up the pull rope 224. The pull rope 224 pulls the sliding block and the fluid accessory 225 downward. When the toothless section of the toothless gear 223 separates from the gear component 2, the sliding block and the fluid accessory 225 are reset upward under the action of the elastic component, realizing the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the fluid accessory 225. During the up-and-down movement of the sliding block, the upper contact rod 226 and the lower contact rod 226 push the fluid accessory 225 to rotate around the elastic rotating component when the sliding block moves to the limit position. This automatically adjusts the direction of the fluid accessory 225 toward the top and bottom of the porcelain insulator, ensuring that the airflow can fully cover all parts of the porcelain insulator, including the outside, top, and bottom.

[0026] Preferably, in this embodiment, the sliding block in the air extraction component is also connected to the second pull rope 227. It should be noted that the sliding block in the air supply component does not have the second pull rope 227 structure. The second pull rope 227 passes through the top of the housing 21 and is wound around the outer wall of the roller. The roller is rotatably mounted on the top of the housing 21 through an elastic rotating component (including a rotating shaft and a torsion spring sleeved on the rotating shaft). A rotating roller 228 is sleeved on the outer wall of the roller. Several sets of magnetic blocks 229 (which can be made of neodymium iron boron permanent magnets) are embedded in the circumferential outer wall of the rotating roller 228. An impact rod 230 is movably mounted on the top of the housing 21 and located between the corresponding movable column 22 and the rotating roller 228. The impact rod 230 is specifically mounted on the housing 21 through a mounting seat. A reset spring is provided on the outer wall of the impact rod 230 for driving it to reset. A magnetic ball 231 with the opposite pole to the magnetic block 229 is embedded at one end of the impact rod 230 facing the rotating roller 228. The other end of the impact rod 230 is used to contact the top of the movable column 22. When the exhaust unit is working, the sliding block moves up and down reciprocally. The sliding block drives the pull rope 227 to drive the rotating roller 228 to rotate synchronously. The magnetic block 229 on the outer wall of the rotating roller 228 and the magnetic ball 231 magnetically cooperate to drive the impact rod 230 to move towards the rotating roller 228. When the magnetic block 229 and the magnetic ball 231 separate, the impact rod 230 is reset under the action of the return spring. In this cycle, the impact rod 230 periodically strikes the movable column 22, causing the movable column 22 and the inner gripper to vibrate slightly. This method helps to shake off the loose corundum sand particles that adhere to the bottom after firing when cooling the porcelain insulator, realizing the automatic sand cleaning function. At the same time, the vibration can also promote the heat exchange between the surface of the finished product and the cooling airflow, and enhance the cooling effect. It should be noted that the loose corundum sand particles mentioned above are pre-spread on the kiln furniture before the firing process to prevent the porcelain insulator from sticking to the kiln furniture on the kiln car at high temperature. They are removed synchronously during cooling, reducing the burden of manual post-processing. Example 3

[0027] Please see the appendix Figure 5Based on Embodiment 2, this embodiment has a receiving groove in the connecting seat 213 located below the cavity, communicating with the housing 21. A winding roller is rotatably installed in the receiving groove. Optionally, the winding roller in this embodiment can be driven to rotate by a micro servo motor installed on the connecting seat 213. A protective cloth 233 for sealing the housing 21 is wound around the outer wall of the winding roller. Optionally, the protective cloth 233 in this embodiment is preferably made of high-temperature resistant ceramic fiber cloth or glass fiber cloth. One end of the protective cloth 233 is connected to an unwinding roller 235 through a pull rope 236. There are two sets of pull ropes 236, which are respectively connected to the two sides of one end of the protective cloth 233. The unwinding roller 235 is rotatably installed on the side of the housing 21 away from the connecting seat 213. Optionally, the unwinding roller 235 in this embodiment can be driven to rotate by a micro servo motor installed on the housing 21. It should be noted that grooves for receiving pull ropes 236 are opened on both inner walls of the housing 21 to prevent pull ropes 236 from interfering with the ceramic insulator entering and exiting the housing 21. When the green blank is preheated or cooled after firing, the take-up roller rotates to unwind the protective cloth 233, and the unwind roller 235 rotates to wind up the pull rope 236, so that the protective cloth 233 gradually covers the bottom opening of the shell 21, thereby isolating the inside of the shell 21 from the external environment. On the one hand, it improves the heat exchange efficiency and temperature field uniformity. At the same time, the protective cloth 233 also prevents the porcelain insulators held in it from falling downwards and being damaged during the transfer process. By driving the take-up roller and the unwind roller 235 to rotate in opposite directions, the protective cloth 233 can be retracted into the receiving groove.

[0028] Preferably, the vertical cross-section of the receiving groove in this embodiment is L-shaped. The L-shaped receiving groove includes a horizontal section and a vertical section. The receiving groove is provided with a guide roller structure for guiding the protective cloth 233 in a V-shape. The inner wall of the vertical section of the receiving groove is provided with a cleaning component 234 for cleaning the protective cloth 233 (the cleaning component 234 is preferably a soft brush, sponge strip or elastic scraper). The cleaning component 234 removes impurities attached to the surface of the protective cloth 233. The connecting seat 213 has an opening that communicates with the receiving groove. A cover is detachably provided at the opening. The cover is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 213 by buckles and screws. After opening the cover, the inside of the receiving groove can be cleaned and maintained.

[0029] The automatic kiln loading and unloading equipment for porcelain insulators has produced the following beneficial effects in actual use: Kiln loading density: Before automation upgrade, approximately 300 kiln cars were manually loaded per kiln car; after automation upgrade, approximately 380 kiln cars can be loaded per kiln car, increasing the kiln loading density by 26.7%. Kiln loading efficiency: Before the automation upgrade, loading 300 kilns per kiln car required 2 people and took about 1 hour; after the automation upgrade, loading 380 kilns per kiln car only requires 1 person and takes about 36 minutes, increasing the kiln loading efficiency by 52.3%. In addition, the time required for loading the kiln, which used to take 4 people and about 3 hours, has now been reduced to 1 person and about 1 hour, with an accident rate of almost zero. In the past, the kiln temperature had to be allowed to cool naturally to about 60°C after the kiln was opened before unloading could begin. Now, the kiln can be unloaded at a high temperature of 180°C after the kiln is opened, and one person can unload a kiln car of products in about 18 minutes and stack them neatly.

[0030] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic kiln loading and unloading device for disc-shaped suspension porcelain insulators, comprising a robotic arm (1), characterized in that, The robotic arm (1) is equipped with an execution component (2) at its execution end; The execution component (2) includes a housing (21), which is provided with several sets of clamping and detection mechanisms. Each clamping and detection mechanism includes a movable column (22) that is movably inserted into the housing (21). The bottom end of the movable column (22) is connected to an inner gripper for inserting into the center hole of the green porcelain insulator and clamping the green porcelain through a detection sensor (220). The housing (21) is provided with a magnetic plate (28). The top end of the movable column (22) movably passes through the magnetic plate (28) and is fitted with an electromagnetic ring (29). When the detection sensor (220) detects that the weight of the green porcelain reaches a preset threshold, it controls the electromagnetic ring (29) to generate a magnetic force with the same pole as the magnetic plate (28) to drive the movable column (22) and the inner gripper to carry the green porcelain into the housing (21). When the detection sensor (220) detects that the weight of the green porcelain does not reach the preset threshold, it controls the inner gripper to release the green porcelain.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the housing (21) on one side of the movable column (22) is provided with a liquid storage tank (211) for storing marking pigment. The bottom of the liquid storage tank (211) is provided with a spray nozzle (212). The spray nozzle (212) is provided with a solenoid valve. The housing (21) is provided with several sets of alarm lights (210). The alarm lights (210) correspond one-to-one with the clamping detection mechanism. When the detection sensor (220) detects that the weight of the green billet has not reached the preset threshold, it controls the solenoid valve to open so that the spray nozzle (212) sprays liquid to mark the green billet and controls the corresponding alarm light (210) to turn on.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner gripper includes a wedge block (25) movably disposed in the inner cavity of the positioning post (23), and a telescopic device (24) disposed in the inner cavity of the positioning post (23) for driving the wedge block (25) to move along the axial direction of the positioning post (23). A plurality of clamping blocks (26) are movably embedded in the outer circumferential wall of the positioning post (23). When the wedge block (25) moves downward, the clamping block (26) is driven outward by the wedge block (25) to clamp the inner wall of the green blank center hole. The clamping block (26) is connected to the inner wall of the positioning post (23) through an elastic connector (27).

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell (21) has an identical air extraction component and an air supply component on its two side walls. The air extraction component and the air supply component are connected to an air circuit module. The air circuit module includes a heat storage heat exchanger (218) and a connecting seat (213) on one side of the shell (21). The connecting seat (213) has a cavity. The cavity inlet is connected to the output end of the heat storage heat exchanger (218) through a pipe. A miniature exhaust fan (219) is provided on the pipe. The input end of the heat storage heat exchanger (218) is connected to the air extraction component and the air inlet pipe through a pipe. The cavity outlet is connected to the air supply component and the air outlet pipe (217) through a pipe.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A driven sprocket (216) is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the movable column (22). The driven sprocket (216) is rotatably connected to the magnetic plate (28). An impeller (214) is rotatably provided inside the cavity. The shaft of the impeller (214) passes through the connecting seat (213) and is sleeved with a toothed gear (215). A gear is meshed on one side of the toothed gear (215). The gear is elastically rotatably mounted on the connecting seat (213). The shaft of the gear is provided with a driving sprocket. The driving sprocket and the driven sprocket (216) are connected by a chain condition transmission.

6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air extraction component includes a diverter (221) disposed on the side wall of the housing (21) and used to communicate with the pipeline, and several sets of fluid accessories (225). The fluid accessories (225) correspond one-to-one with the clamping and detection mechanism, and the fluid accessories (225) are connected to the diverter (221) through the pipeline. The several sets of fluid accessories (225) are respectively disposed on the inner wall of the housing (21) through adjusting members. The adjusting members are used to drive the fluid accessories (225) to move up and down and adjust the orientation of the fluid accessories (225). The fluid accessory (225) in the air extraction component is an air extraction nozzle, and the fluid accessory (225) in the air supply component is an air jet nozzle.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjusting component includes a support seat (222) vertically fixed to the inner wall of the housing (21). A toothed gear two (223) is rotatably mounted on the support seat (222) via a rotating shaft. A gear component two meshes with one side of the toothed gear two (223). The gear component two is rotatably mounted on the support seat (222). A pull rope one (224) is wound around the gear component two. The pull rope one (224) is connected to a sliding block. The sliding block is slidably mounted on the support seat (222) and connected to the support seat (222) through an elastic element. The gear component two consists of a toothed gear... Wheel 2 (223) drives the winding rope 1 (224) to move the sliding block downward. The fluid accessory (225) is rotatably mounted on the sliding block through an elastic rotating member. The outer wall of the bearing seat (222) is symmetrically provided with contact rods (226). The upper contact rod (226) is used to push the fluid accessory (225) toward the top of the porcelain insulator when the sliding block moves upward to the preset position. The lower contact rod (226) is used to push the fluid accessory (225) toward the bottom of the porcelain insulator when the sliding block moves downward to the preset position. Among them, the rotating shafts in several sets of adjusting components all move through the housing (21) and are connected to a miniature rotating device (232) located on the outer wall of the housing (21).

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sliding block in the vacuum component is also connected to a second pull rope (227). The second pull rope (227) passes through the top of the housing (21) and is wound around the outer wall of the spool. The spool is rotatably mounted on the top of the housing (21) by an elastic rotating component. A rotating roller (228) is sleeved on the outer wall of the spool. Several sets of magnetic blocks (229) are embedded in the outer circumference of the rotating roller (228). An impact rod (230) is movably mounted on the top of the housing (21) and between the corresponding movable column (22) and the rotating roller (228). A reset spring is provided on the outer wall of the impact rod (230) to drive it to reset. A magnetic ball (231) with the opposite pole to the magnetic block (229) is embedded at one end of the impact rod (230) facing the rotating roller (228). The other end of the impact rod (230) is used to contact the movable column (22).

9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The connecting seat (213) has a receiving groove that communicates with the housing (21) located below the cavity. A take-up roller is rotatably installed in the receiving groove. A protective cloth (233) for sealing the housing (21) is wound around the outer wall of the take-up roller. One end of the protective cloth (233) is connected to an unwinding roller (235) via a pull rope (236). The unwinding roller (235) is rotatably located on the side of the housing (21) away from the connecting seat (213).

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The inner wall of the receiving groove is provided with a cleaning component (234) for cleaning the protective cloth (233), and the connecting seat (213) is provided with an opening communicating with the receiving groove, and a cover is detachably provided at the opening.

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