Phased array antenna calibration method, control device and antenna calibration system
By obtaining the ratio of signal transmission parameters of a fixed probe relative to phased array antennas with and without RF link gain components, the gain parameters are confirmed, thus solving the problem of low efficiency in the prior art and achieving fast and efficient phased array antenna calibration.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN WAVIEWL RF TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
Smart Images
Figure CN122437618A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of phased array antenna calibration technology, and in particular to a phased array antenna calibration method, control device, and antenna calibration system. Background Technology
[0002] In phased array antenna systems, gain parameter inconsistency is a common and critical problem, directly impacting beamforming performance and overall system efficiency. The main causes of gain parameter inconsistency include hardware manufacturing tolerances and component differences, temperature effects, and electromagnetic coupling and mutual coupling effects. Therefore, phased array antennas require gain parameter calibration to ensure system performance. However, existing calibration methods suffer from low efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a phased array antenna calibration method, control device, and antenna calibration system, which aims to simplify the verification method of the radio frequency link gain of the phased array antenna and improve the efficiency of phased array antenna calibration.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a phased array antenna calibration method, wherein the phased array antenna includes multiple antenna elements, and the phased array antenna calibration method includes: Acquire the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test with a fixed probe relative to each antenna element without RF link gain components; Acquire the second signal transmission parameters of the fixed probe relative to each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component; Based on the ratio of the second signal transmission parameter to the first signal transmission parameter, the gain parameters of each antenna unit corresponding to the RF link gain component are determined. Based on the gain parameters of each antenna element and the preset gain parameters of each antenna element, the calibration parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test are confirmed.
[0005] In one embodiment, the antenna calibration system includes a fixed probe for receiving radio frequency signals and an amplitude-phase controller for regulating the signal amplitude and phase of each antenna element; the amplitude-phase controller is electrically connected to the phased array antenna under test; the step of obtaining the first signal transmission parameters of the fixed probe relative to each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test without radio frequency link gain components specifically includes: Based on the first preset amplitude and phase control parameters, the amplitude and phase controller outputs the first amplitude and phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test that is not equipped with an RF link gain component, so that the antenna element outputs the corresponding first RF signal. Based on the first radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe, the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit are determined.
[0006] In one embodiment, after the step of controlling the amplitude-phase controller to output a first amplitude-phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test that does not have an RF link gain component, based on a first preset amplitude-phase control parameter, so that the antenna element outputs a corresponding first RF signal, the method further includes: In a phased array antenna under test without an RF link gain component, if the interval between the output RF signals of the current antenna element reaches a preset duration, the next antenna element in the phased array antenna under test is controlled to output an RF signal under the first amplitude phase modulation signal, so as to acquire the RF signals of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test one by one. The step of determining the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit based on the first radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe specifically includes: Based on the first radio frequency signals received by each antenna element from the fixed probe, the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to each antenna element are determined.
[0007] In one embodiment, the step of obtaining the second signal transmission parameters of the fixed probe relative to each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component specifically includes: Based on the first preset amplitude and phase control parameters, the amplitude and phase controller outputs the first amplitude and phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with a radio frequency link gain component, so that the antenna element outputs the corresponding second radio frequency signal. Based on the second radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe, the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit are determined.
[0008] In one embodiment, after the step of controlling the amplitude-phase controller to output a first amplitude-phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component based on a first preset amplitude-phase control parameter, so that the antenna element outputs a corresponding second RF signal, the method further includes: When the interval between the output radio frequency signals of the current antenna element in the phased array antenna under test with radio frequency link gain components reaches a preset time, the next antenna element in the phased array antenna under test is controlled to output radio frequency signals under the first amplitude phase modulation signal, so as to acquire the radio frequency signals of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test one by one. The step of determining the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit based on the second radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe specifically includes: Based on the second radio frequency signals received by each antenna element from the fixed probe, the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to each antenna element are determined.
[0009] In one embodiment, the first signal parameter is:
[0010] Where i is the i-th antenna element. Let be the gain pattern of the i-th antenna element. This is the gain pattern of a fixed probe. For wave number, To fix the polarization efficiency of the probe and the i-th antenna element, To fix the polar coordinate parameters of the probe relative to the i-th antenna element, To fix the distance from the probe to the i-th antenna element.
[0011] In one embodiment, the polarization efficiency of the fixed probe and the i-th antenna element is specifically as follows:
[0012] in, These are the axial ratios of the fixed probe and the i-th antenna element, respectively. These are the tilt angles of the fixed probe and the i-th antenna element, respectively.
[0013] The present invention also proposes a control device, the control device comprising a memory, a processor, and a phased array antenna calibration program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the phased array antenna calibration program being configured to implement the steps of the phased array antenna calibration method as described in any one of the above.
[0014] The present invention also proposes an antenna calibration system, which includes a fixed probe for receiving radio frequency signals, an amplitude and phase controller for adjusting the signal amplitude and phase of each antenna element, and a control device as described above. The amplitude and phase controller and the phased array antenna under test are electrically connected; the phased array antenna under test includes a phased array antenna under test without a radio frequency link gain component and a phased array antenna under test with a radio frequency link gain component.
[0015] In one embodiment, the antenna calibration system further includes a vector network analyzer, the input of which is electrically connected to the fixed probe and the antenna element, and the output of which is electrically connected to the control device; the vector network analyzer is used to measure the amplitude frequency and phase frequency of each antenna element.
[0016] This invention provides a phased array antenna calibration method that effectively improves the calibration efficiency of phased array antennas of the same specification. The phased array antenna comprises multiple antenna elements, and the calibration method includes: acquiring first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in a phased array antenna under test (without an RF link gain component) relative to a fixed probe; acquiring second signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in a phased array antenna under test (with an RF link gain component) relative to a fixed probe; determining the gain parameters of each antenna element corresponding to the RF link gain component based on the ratio of the second signal transmission parameters to the first signal transmission parameters; and determining the calibration parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test based on the gain parameters of each antenna element and preset gain parameters of each antenna element. This method allows the RF link gain of each antenna element in a phased array antenna under test (with an RF link gain component) to be obtained without complex calculations or lengthy testing processes, thus enabling rapid calibration of the phased array antenna under test. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the phased array antenna calibration method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the phased array antenna calibration method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the phased array antenna calibration method of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of an embodiment of the background technology of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the phased array antenna calibration method of the present invention.
[0019] Explanation of icon numbers: 10. Phased array antenna under test; 20. Antenna element; 30. Fixed probe.
[0020] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0023] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.
[0024] In phased array antenna systems, gain parameter inconsistency is a common and critical problem, directly impacting beamforming performance and overall system efficiency. The main causes of gain parameter inconsistency include hardware manufacturing tolerances and component differences, temperature effects, and electromagnetic coupling and mutual coupling effects. Therefore, phased array antennas require gain parameter calibration to ensure system performance. However, existing calibration methods suffer from low efficiency.
[0025] Specifically, in existing technologies, there are two main methods for calibrating phased array antennas. Both methods involve measuring the amplitude / phase value of each channel of the phased array antenna, called the calibration parameter (Sc); the amplitude / phase required for each channel to control the beam (Sn); and the actual amplitude / phase setting required for each channel (Sr). Thus, based on the preset amplitude / phase for each channel, the actual amplitude / phase setting required for each channel is obtained. Here, Sr = Sn / Sc, where Sc, Sn, and Sr are all complex numbers. (Reference) Figure 4One method involves using a fixed probe 30, fixed to a motion mechanism, which moves to the front of each antenna element 20 of the phased array antenna, ensuring a uniform distance between the element and the fixed probe 30. This allows for the measurement and storage of the amplitude / phase of each antenna element 20. The advantages of this method are that the antenna elements 20 are at the same distance and in the same direction from the fixed probe 30, resulting in high accuracy. However, the disadvantage is that moving the fixed probe 30 takes time, leading to slow testing and calibration. (Reference) Figure 5 Secondly, by setting a fixed probe 30 at the center of the phased array antenna, the various antenna elements 20 in the phased array antenna are controlled to output radio frequency signals sequentially, thereby measuring and storing the amplitude / phase of each antenna element 20 in the phased array antenna. The advantage of this method is that the fixed probe 30 does not move mechanically and the speed is fast, but the disadvantage is that the distance and direction from each element to the fixed probe 30 are different, making the processing complicated.
[0026] To solve the above problems, refer to Figures 1 to 5 This invention proposes a phased array antenna calibration method, wherein the phased array antenna includes multiple antenna elements, and the phased array antenna calibration method includes: Step S100: Obtain the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test relative to the fixed probe; Step S200: Obtain the second signal transmission parameters of the fixed probe relative to each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component; Step S300: Based on the ratio of the second signal transmission parameter to the first signal transmission parameter, confirm the gain parameters of each antenna unit corresponding to the RF link gain component; Step S400: Based on the gain parameters of each antenna element and the preset gain parameters of each antenna element, confirm the calibration parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test.
[0027] Understandably, the only difference between a phased array antenna under test (DUT) without an RF link gain component and one with one is the presence or absence of an RF link gain component. This RF link gain component includes the power divider and the transceiver components for each antenna element within the DUT.
[0028] By employing a corresponding limiting device, the phased array antenna under test is positioned directly opposite the receiving end of the fixed probe 30, ensuring that the center of the phased array antenna under test without RF link gain is perpendicular to the receiving end of the fixed probe 30. It is important to note that during subsequent testing of the phased array antenna under test 10 with RF link gain, the same limiting device must be used to position the phased array antenna under test 10 in the same area relative to the fixed probe 30. This ensures that the phased array antenna under test 10 without RF link gain and the phased array antenna under test with RF link gain maintain the same position relative to the fixed probe 30 during testing. This allows the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element 20 in the phased array antenna under test without RF link gain to be effectively applied to the calculations of the phased array antenna under test 10 with RF link gain.
[0029] In this embodiment, by positioning the phased array antenna under test (without RF link gain) directly opposite the receiving end of the fixed probe 30, the center of the phased array antenna under test and the receiving end of the fixed probe 30 are aligned vertically. This allows the fixed probe 30 to receive the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element 20 on the phased array antenna under test without RF link gain. For example, if the phased array antenna under test has one thousand antenna elements 20, it is necessary to obtain the first signal transmission parameters of the fixed probe 30 relative to each of these one thousand antenna elements 20. The first signal transmission parameters do not include the effect of RF link gain on the phased array antenna.
[0030] Optionally, the antenna calibration system includes a fixed probe for receiving radio frequency signals and an amplitude-phase controller for regulating the signal amplitude and phase of each antenna element; the amplitude-phase controller is electrically connected to the phased array antenna under test; the step of obtaining the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test without radio frequency link gain components relative to the fixed probe is specifically as follows: Step S110: Based on the first preset amplitude and phase control parameters, control the amplitude and phase controller to output the first amplitude and phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test that is not equipped with an RF link gain component, so that the antenna element outputs the corresponding first RF signal; Step S120: Based on the first radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe, determine the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit.
[0031] In this embodiment, the output of the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test (TAD) without an RF link gain component needs to be achieved based on the output of a first amplitude-phase modulation signal from the amplitude-phase controller. The first amplitude-phase modulation signal is based on first preset amplitude-phase control parameters, which are a first preset amplitude control parameter and a first preset phase control parameter, to determine the RF signal output by each antenna element in the TAD phased array antenna. The first signal transmission parameters are confirmed by using the first RF signal received by the fixed probe.
[0032] Optionally, after the step of controlling the amplitude-phase controller to output a first amplitude-phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test that does not have an RF link gain component, based on the first preset amplitude-phase control parameters, so that the antenna element outputs the corresponding first RF signal, the method further includes: In a phased array antenna under test without an RF link gain component, if the interval between the output RF signals of the current antenna element reaches a preset duration, the next antenna element in the phased array antenna under test is controlled to output an RF signal under the first amplitude phase modulation signal, so as to acquire the RF signals of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test one by one. The step of determining the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit based on the first radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe specifically includes: Based on the first radio frequency signals received by each antenna element from the fixed probe, the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to each antenna element are determined.
[0033] Understandably, the phased array antenna under test has multiple antenna elements 20, and the relative positions of each antenna element 20 and the fixed probe 30 are different. Therefore, it is necessary to set a first preset amplitude and phase control parameter to control the amplitude and phase controller to output a first amplitude and phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element 20 in the phased array antenna under test that does not have an RF link gain component, so that the antenna element 20 outputs the corresponding first RF signal. It should be noted that the acquisition of the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element 20 in the phased array antenna under test 10 needs to be performed one by one. The interval between the output RF signal of the current antenna element 20 and the next antenna element 20 is a preset duration, which can be set according to the data acquisition rate of the fixed probe 30, for example, 3 seconds.
[0034] In this embodiment, by positioning the phased array antenna under test (TAS) with RF link gain directly opposite the receiving end of the fixed probe 30, the center of the TAS antenna and the receiving end of the fixed probe 30 are aligned vertically. This allows the fixed probe 30 to receive the second signal transmission parameters of each antenna element 20 on the TAS antenna without RF link gain. The second signal transmission parameters include the effect of the RF link gain on the phased array antenna.
[0035] Optionally, the step of obtaining the second signal transmission parameters of the fixed probe relative to each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component specifically includes: Step S210: Based on the first preset amplitude and phase control parameters, control the amplitude and phase controller to output the first amplitude and phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component, so that the antenna element outputs the corresponding second RF signal; Step S220: Based on the second radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe, determine the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit.
[0036] Optionally, after the step of controlling the amplitude-phase controller to output a first amplitude-phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component based on a first preset amplitude-phase control parameter, so that the antenna element outputs a corresponding second RF signal, the method further includes: When the interval between the output radio frequency signals of the current antenna element in the phased array antenna under test with radio frequency link gain components reaches a preset time, the next antenna element in the phased array antenna under test is controlled to output radio frequency signals under the first amplitude phase modulation signal, so as to acquire the radio frequency signals of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test one by one. The step of determining the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit based on the second radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe specifically includes: Based on the second radio frequency signals received by each antenna element from the fixed probe, the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to each antenna element are determined.
[0037] For details on the principles, please refer to the above content.
[0038] From the second existing detection and calibration technique described above, the transmit and receive level equation can be obtained as follows: ; ; .
[0039] in, The gain pattern of the i-th antenna element 20 is shown below. The gain pattern of the fixed probe 30. For wave number, To fix the polarization efficiency of probe 30 and the i-th antenna element 20, To fix the polar coordinate parameters of probe 30 relative to the i-th antenna element 20, To fix the distance between probe 30 and the i-th antenna element 20, To obtain the radio frequency parameters corresponding to the radio frequency signal output by the antenna unit 20 under the first preset amplitude and phase control parameters by the fixed probe 30, The radio frequency power output by antenna element 20 These are the axial ratios of the fixed probe 30 and the i-th antenna element 20, respectively. These are the tilt angles of the fixed probe 30 and the i-th antenna element 20, respectively. These are the amplitude and phase control parameters for antenna element 20. Let i be the gain parameter of antenna element i. It is easy to see that in the second measurement and calibration method of the prior art, it is necessary to obtain the radiation pattern, axial ratio, and axial tilt angle of each antenna element 20 in the phased array antenna. In the testing and calibration of a large number of phased array antennas of the same specifications, obtaining parameters such as radiation pattern, axial ratio, and axial tilt angle is particularly complex. Therefore, the technical solution of this application chooses to separately test the second signal transmission parameters of the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component and the first signal transmission parameters of the phased array antenna under test without an RF link gain component, thereby avoiding multiple complex calculations related to parameters such as radiation pattern, axial ratio, and axial tilt angle. Wherein, through the transformation of the above formula, the gain parameter can be obtained as the ratio of the RF power output by antenna element 20 to the amplitude and phase control parameters of antenna element 20, i.e. .
[0040] in, ; therefore, .
[0041] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first signal transmission parameter is:
[0042] Where i is the i-th antenna element. Let be the gain pattern of the i-th antenna element. This is the gain pattern of a fixed probe. For wave number, To fix the polarization efficiency of the probe and the i-th antenna element, To fix the polar coordinate parameters of the probe relative to the i-th antenna element, To fix the distance from the probe to the i-th antenna element.
[0043] Therefore, the gain parameter The second signal transmission parameters are as follows: .
[0044] It should be clarified that the above content describes the principle steps for determining the gain parameters of each antenna element in the RF link gain component based on the ratio of the second signal transmission parameter to the first signal transmission parameter, and does not require calculation. This is because the first and second signal transmission parameters can be obtained using a fixed probe and amplitude / phase controller.
[0045] After obtaining the gain parameters of each antenna element and the corresponding preset gain parameters of each antenna element, the calibration parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test can be determined according to the preset gain parameters, thereby calibrating each antenna element.
[0046] This invention employs a phased array antenna calibration method, which effectively improves the calibration efficiency of phased array antennas of the same specification. The phased array antenna comprises multiple antenna elements, and the calibration method includes: acquiring first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test (without an RF link gain component) relative to a fixed probe; acquiring second signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test (with an RF link gain component) relative to a fixed probe; determining the gain parameters of each antenna element corresponding to the RF link gain component based on the ratio of the second signal transmission parameters to the first signal transmission parameters; and determining the calibration parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test based on the gain parameters of each antenna element and preset gain parameters of each antenna element. This method allows the RF link gain of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test (with an RF link gain component) to be obtained without complex calculations or lengthy testing processes, thus enabling rapid calibration of the phased array antenna under test.
[0047] The present invention also proposes a control device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a phased array antenna calibration program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The phased array antenna calibration program is configured to implement the steps of the phased array antenna calibration method as described in any of the preceding claims. It is worth noting that since the control device of the present invention is based on the aforementioned phased array antenna calibration method, the embodiments of the control device of the present invention include all the technical solutions of all embodiments of the aforementioned phased array antenna calibration method, and the achieved technical effects are completely identical, and will not be repeated here.
[0048] refer to Figure 3The present invention also proposes an antenna calibration system, which includes a fixed probe 30 for receiving radio frequency signals, an amplitude and phase controller for regulating the signal amplitude and phase of each antenna element 20, and a control device as described above. The amplitude and phase controller and the phased array antenna under test are electrically connected; the phased array antenna under test includes a phased array antenna under test without a radio frequency link gain component and a phased array antenna under test with a radio frequency link gain component.
[0049] It is worth noting that since the antenna calibration system of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned control device, the embodiments of the antenna calibration system of the present invention include all the technical solutions of all the embodiments of the above-mentioned control device, and the technical effects achieved are exactly the same, so they will not be repeated here.
[0050] refer to Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna calibration system further includes a vector network analyzer. The input terminal of the vector network analyzer is electrically connected to the fixed probe 30 and the antenna element 20, respectively, and the output terminal of the vector network analyzer is electrically connected to the control device. The vector network analyzer is used to measure the amplitude frequency and phase frequency of each antenna element 20.
[0051] In this embodiment, a vector network analyzer is used to measure the amplitude and phase frequencies of each antenna element 20 in the phased array antenna 10 under test. Therefore, the vector network analyzer requires the antenna elements 20 to be electrically connected in order to measure the amplitude and phase of the antenna elements 20. Through the measurement data, the vector network analyzer can also determine whether the antenna elements 20 or the feed network are well matched, avoiding energy reflection and efficiency degradation caused by impedance mismatch.
[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for calibrating a phased array antenna, characterized in that, The phased array antenna includes multiple antenna elements, and the phased array antenna calibration method includes: Acquire the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test with a fixed probe relative to each antenna element without RF link gain components; Acquire the second signal transmission parameters of the fixed probe relative to each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component; Based on the ratio of the second signal transmission parameter to the first signal transmission parameter, the gain parameters of each antenna unit corresponding to the RF link gain component are determined. Based on the gain parameters of each antenna element and the preset gain parameters of each antenna element, the calibration parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test are confirmed.
2. The phased array antenna calibration method as described in claim 1, applied to an antenna calibration system, characterized in that, The antenna calibration system includes a fixed probe for receiving radio frequency signals and an amplitude and phase controller for adjusting the signal amplitude and phase of each antenna element. The amplitude and phase controller are electrically connected to the phased array antenna under test; the specific steps for obtaining the first signal transmission parameters of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test without RF link gain components relative to the fixed probe are as follows: Based on the first preset amplitude and phase control parameters, the amplitude and phase controller outputs the first amplitude and phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test that is not equipped with an RF link gain component, so that the antenna element outputs the corresponding first RF signal. Based on the first radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe, the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit are determined.
3. The phased array antenna calibration method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, After the step of controlling the amplitude-phase controller to output a first amplitude-phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test that does not have an RF link gain component, based on the first preset amplitude-phase control parameters, so that the antenna element outputs the corresponding first RF signal, the method further includes: In a phased array antenna under test without an RF link gain component, if the interval between the output RF signals of the current antenna element reaches a preset duration, the next antenna element in the phased array antenna under test is controlled to output an RF signal under the first amplitude phase modulation signal, so as to acquire the RF signals of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test one by one. The step of determining the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit based on the first radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe specifically includes: Based on the first radio frequency signals received by each antenna element from the fixed probe, the first signal transmission parameters corresponding to each antenna element are determined.
4. The phased array antenna calibration method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the second signal transmission parameters of the fixed probe relative to each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component are as follows: Based on the first preset amplitude and phase control parameters, the amplitude and phase controller outputs the first amplitude and phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with a radio frequency link gain component, so that the antenna element outputs the corresponding second radio frequency signal. Based on the second radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe, the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit are determined.
5. The phased array antenna calibration method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, After the step of controlling the amplitude-phase controller to output a first amplitude-phase modulation signal to the corresponding antenna element in the phased array antenna under test equipped with an RF link gain component based on the first preset amplitude-phase control parameters, so that the antenna element outputs a corresponding second RF signal, the method further includes: When the interval between the output radio frequency signals of the current antenna element in the phased array antenna under test with radio frequency link gain components reaches a preset time, the next antenna element in the phased array antenna under test is controlled to output radio frequency signals under the first amplitude phase modulation signal, so as to acquire the radio frequency signals of each antenna element in the phased array antenna under test one by one. The step of determining the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to the antenna unit based on the second radio frequency signal received by the fixed probe specifically includes: Based on the second radio frequency signals received by each antenna element from the fixed probe, the second signal transmission parameters corresponding to each antenna element are determined.
6. The phased array antenna calibration method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first signal parameter is: Where i is the i-th antenna element. Let be the gain pattern of the i-th antenna element. This is the gain pattern of a fixed probe. For wave number, To fix the polarization efficiency of the probe and the i-th antenna element, To fix the polar coordinate parameters of the probe relative to the i-th antenna element, To fix the distance from the probe to the i-th antenna element.
7. The phased array antenna calibration method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The polarization efficiency of the fixed probe and the i-th antenna element is specifically as follows: in, These are the axial ratios of the fixed probe and the i-th antenna element, respectively. These are the tilt angles of the fixed probe and the i-th antenna element, respectively.
8. A control device, characterized in that, The control device includes a memory, a processor, and a phased array antenna calibration program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the phased array antenna calibration program being configured to implement the steps of the phased array antenna calibration method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An antenna calibration system, characterized in that, The antenna calibration system includes a fixed probe for receiving radio frequency signals, an amplitude and phase controller for adjusting the signal amplitude and phase of each antenna element, and a control device as described in claim 8. The amplitude and phase controller and the phased array antenna under test are electrically connected; the phased array antenna under test includes a phased array antenna under test without a radio frequency link gain component and a phased array antenna under test with a radio frequency link gain component.
10. The antenna calibration system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The antenna calibration system also includes a vector network analyzer. The input terminal of the vector network analyzer is electrically connected to the fixed probe and the antenna element, respectively, and the output terminal of the vector network analyzer is electrically connected to the control device. The vector network analyzer is used to measure the amplitude frequency and phase frequency of each antenna element.