A high-precision positioning drilling device

Abstract

The application discloses a high-precision positioning drilling device and relates to the technical field of drilling equipment. The device is provided with a positioning mechanism and an abutting mechanism which are cooperatively matched, and a fixed dynamic connecting assembly is arranged in the positioning mechanism to perform locking and unlocking control. Therefore, the device can provide radial constraint and centering capacity for an ultralong drill bit in an initial drilling stage. When an abutting block of the abutting mechanism is in contact with a workpiece surface and forms stable support, the piston block in the fixed dynamic connecting assembly can be driven to move by hydraulic system control, so that the roller is forced to press the drill rod, and the inner cylinder and the ultralong drill bit are temporarily locked. The radial swing of the ultralong drill bit during drilling is rigidly inhibited by the elastic support of the spring, and the position precision, size precision and axial straightness during drilling are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling equipment technology, and in particular to a high-precision positioning drilling device. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as machinery manufacturing, aerospace, mold making, and new energy equipment, deep hole machining is a key process to ensure the structural function and assembly accuracy of parts. As products develop towards lightweight and integration, the demand for machining deep and small holes on parts is increasing. Using ultra-long drill bits for deep hole drilling with large length-to-diameter ratios has become the norm. However, the significant increase in length-to-diameter ratio will significantly reduce the rigidity of the drill bit, making the drill bit oscillation problem in the initial drilling stage a common and difficult-to-solve technical pain point in the industry.

[0003] In existing conventional drilling equipment and processing technology, when ultra-long drill bits first contact the workpiece and have not yet entered the workpiece to form an effective hole wall constraint, they are prone to radial oscillation under the influence of cutting force, spindle runout, workpiece surface errors, and other factors. Due to the lack of a reliable centering and guiding structure, even small installation errors and uneven force distribution will be rapidly amplified, leading to drill bit axis misalignment and intensified vibration. Drill bit oscillation will directly cause problems such as hole position accuracy deviation, irregular hole diameter, and poor hole axis straightness, affecting the assembly performance and reliability of parts. Furthermore, continuous radial vibration will subject the drill bit to alternating loads, leading to rapid drill bit wear and significantly shortening the drill bit's service life. In severe cases, it can cause the drill bit to bend, chip, or even break, resulting in workpiece scrap, equipment damage, and production interruption.

[0004] Therefore, a high-precision positioning drilling device is proposed to solve some of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that the drill bit is prone to wobbling in the initial stage of drilling deep holes with a large length-to-diameter ratio using an ultra-long drill bit, which affects the machining accuracy and the service life of the equipment. Therefore, a high-precision positioning drilling device is proposed.

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-precision positioning drilling device includes a head, a chuck rotatably mounted on the head, and an extra-long drill bit fixedly held at the lower end of the chuck. A motor for driving the chuck to rotate is fixedly mounted on the head. A positioning mechanism is provided at the lower end of the extra-long drill bit. The positioning mechanism includes an inner cylinder sleeved on the outside of the extra-long drill bit. A bearing is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder, and a sliding sleeve is fixedly mounted on the outside of the bearing. The inner cylinder is rotatably connected to the sliding sleeve through the bearing. An outer cylinder is movably sleeved on the outside of the sliding sleeve. The outer cylinder is lifted and installed inside the sliding sleeve. A spring elastically supported below the sliding sleeve is fixedly installed inside the outer cylinder. A fixed-movement connection assembly is installed inside the inner cylinder for controlling the locking and unlocking of the inner cylinder and the extra-long drill bit. Multiple circumferentially distributed abutment mechanisms are installed on the outside of the outer cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the fixed-moving connection assembly includes a shell frame fixedly installed inside the inner cylinder, and a through opening is provided at the central axis position of the shell frame. Symmetrical grooves are provided on the inner walls of the two sides of the through opening, and symmetrically arranged shaft frames are installed between the two grooves. Rollers are rotatably installed in the shaft frames. An extra-long drill bit is inserted between the two rollers in the through opening. The ends of the rollers extend into the grooves. A piston chamber communicating with the grooves is provided in the shell frame, and a piston block is slidably installed in the piston chamber. A tension spring for elastically pulling the piston block is fixedly installed in the piston chamber. In the unlocked state, the piston block is separated from the ends of the rollers by the elastic pull of the tension spring.

[0009] Preferably, the shaft frame is slidably connected to the slide groove, and a spring is fixedly installed inside the shell frame to provide elastic support for the shaft frame. In the unlocked state, the roller maintains a tendency to move towards the central axis of the shell frame by means of the elastic support of the spring on the shaft frame.

[0010] Preferably, there are two inner cylinders, and each inner cylinder is provided with two fixed and moving connecting components. The two fixed and moving connecting components are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the same inner cylinder, respectively. The roller in one fixed and moving connecting component is deflected by 90° relative to the roller in the other fixed and moving connecting component.

[0011] Preferably, the outer sides of both inner cylinders are rotatably connected to sliding sleeves via bearings. The two sliding sleeves are respectively located in the middle and upper positions inside the outer cylinder. Similarly, two springs are provided, with the lower ends of both springs fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder. Each spring elastically supports a corresponding sliding sleeve from below.

[0012] Preferably, a locking component is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve, and the locking component includes a first annular groove that surrounds the outer cylindrical surface of the sliding sleeve, and a first elastic ring that is fixedly installed in the first annular groove and is separated from the inner wall of the outer cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, a first connector communicating with the inside of the first annular groove is fixedly installed on the sliding sleeve, a first annular tube is fixedly arranged around the outer side of the inner cylinder, and the inside of the first annular tube is communicating with the inside of the piston cavity. A second annular tube rotatably communicating with the first annular tube is fixedly arranged around the inner side of the sliding sleeve, and a second connector communicating with the inside of the second annular tube is fixedly installed on the sliding sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the abutting mechanism includes a cylinder body fixedly installed on the outer wall of the outer cylinder, and a piston rod slidably installed inside the cylinder body. A rod extending downward through the cylinder body is fixedly installed on the piston rod, and an abutting block is fixedly installed at the lower end of the rod. A third connector communicating with the cylinder body is fixedly installed on the cylinder body. The third connectors on multiple cylinder bodies are interconnected and connected to a hydraulic pump.

[0015] Preferably, the upper end of the piston rod extends upward to the top of the cylinder body, a second annular groove is formed around the cylindrical surface of the piston rod, a sliding sealing structure is provided between the cylindrical surface of the piston rod and the inner wall of the cylinder body located on the upper and lower sides of the second annular groove, a second elastic ring is fixedly installed in the second annular groove and elastically supported on the inner wall of the cylinder body, and a fourth connector communicating with the inside of the second annular groove is fixedly installed at the upper end of the piston rod.

[0016] Preferably, an oil pipe assembly is installed on the machine head, and the oil pipe assembly includes a bracket fixedly connected to the machine head, a shaft tube is fixedly installed on the bracket, and an adapter is rotatably connected to the outside of the shaft tube. A winding drum is fixedly installed on the outside of the adapter, and the oil pipe body is wound on the winding drum. One end of the oil pipe body located inside the winding drum is fixedly connected to the inside of the adapter.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. In this invention, by setting up a positioning mechanism and a contacting mechanism to work together, and setting up a fixed-moving connection component in the positioning mechanism for locking and unlocking control, the device can provide radial constraint and centering capability for the ultra-long drill bit in the initial stage of drilling. After the contacting block of the contacting mechanism contacts the workpiece surface and forms a stable support, the piston block in the fixed-moving connection component can be driven to move through the hydraulic system control, forcing the roller to press the drill rod, so that the inner cylinder and the ultra-long drill bit are temporarily locked. With the help of the elastic support of the spring, the radial swing of the ultra-long drill bit when it descends to drill is rigidly suppressed, which is beneficial to improving the positional accuracy, dimensional accuracy and axial straightness during drilling.

[0019] 2. In this invention, by adopting a structure with upper and lower double inner cylinders and a sliding sleeve, the positioning mechanism can achieve an adaptive process of "constraint-release-reconstraint" relative to the ultra-long drill bit. In the initial stage of drilling, the upper inner cylinder is locked to provide the main centering force. When the drill bit enters a certain depth, the upper locking is released and the lower inner cylinder is locked. At this time, the upper inner cylinder and the sliding sleeve can slide and reset in the outer cylinder, while the lower inner cylinder continues to provide guidance. The upper and lower inner cylinders lock and unlock alternately, which can achieve a smooth transition of the positioning mechanism outside the ultra-long drill bit. This helps to avoid jamming and interference problems caused by a completely rigid connection, so that the positioning mechanism can continuously provide auxiliary positioning for the ultra-long drill bit, which is conducive to further improving the accuracy of deep hole drilling.

[0020] 3. In this invention, multiple abutment mechanisms are hydraulically interconnected, which can automatically adapt to achieve stable support on uneven workpiece surfaces, which is beneficial for creating a reference plane for initial positioning. At the same time, the winding drum in the oil pipe assembly can automatically wind up and unwind the hydraulic oil pipes in the positioning mechanism and abutment mechanism, which helps to ensure that the main body of the oil pipe will not entangle, pull, or interfere with the processing area during the processing. This not only ensures the reliable transmission of hydraulic power, but also improves the safety and cleanliness of the equipment, effectively enhancing the stability of the device during long-term operation. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the positioning mechanism of the present invention installed at the end of an extra-long drill bit;

[0024] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Front sectional view of the structure;

[0025] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 Side sectional view of the middle structure;

[0027] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of the positioning mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of the sliding sleeve of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the fixed-movement connection component of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the fixed-movement connection component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a top sectional view of the fixed-movement connection assembly of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12 This is an exploded view of the contact mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 13 This is a perspective view of the tubing assembly of the present invention.

[0035] In the picture:

[0036] 1. Drill head; 11. Chuck; 12. Extra-long drill bit; 13. Motor;

[0037] 2. Positioning mechanism;

[0038] 21. Inner cylinder; 211. Bearing; 212. Sliding sleeve; 213. Outer cylinder; 214. Spring;

[0039] 22. Fixed-movement connection assembly; 221. Housing frame; 222. Through port; 223. Slide groove; 224. Shaft bracket; 225. Roller; 226. Spring; 227. Piston chamber; 228. Piston block; 229. Tension spring;

[0040] 23. Locking assembly; 231. First annular groove; 232. First elastic ring;

[0041] 24. First connector; 241. First ring pipe; 242. Second ring pipe; 243. Second connector;

[0042] 3. Abutment mechanism; 31. Cylinder block; 32. Piston rod; 33. Rod; 34. Abutment block; 35. Third connector; 36. Second annular groove; 37. Second elastic ring; 38. Fourth connector;

[0043] 4. Tubing assembly; 41. Support; 42. Shaft tube; 43. Adapter; 44. Rewind drum; 45. Tubing body. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0045] Example: This example provides a high-precision positioning drilling device, see [link to example]. Figure 1 - Figure 13 Specifically, the device includes a head 1, on which a chuck 11 is rotatably mounted, and the lower end of the chuck 11 is fixedly clamped to hold an extra-long drill bit 12. A motor 13 for driving the chuck 11 to rotate is fixedly mounted on the head 1. A positioning mechanism 2 is provided at the lower end of the extra-long drill bit 12, and the positioning mechanism 2 includes an inner cylinder 21 sleeved on the outside of the extra-long drill bit 12. A bearing 211 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder 21, and a sliding sleeve 212 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the bearing 211. The inner cylinder 21 is rotatably connected to the sliding sleeve 212 through the bearing 211. An outer sleeve 212 is movably sleeved on the outside of the sliding sleeve 212. The outer cylinder 213 is lifted and installed inside the sliding sleeve 212. A spring 214 is fixedly installed inside the outer cylinder 213 and elastically supported below the sliding sleeve 212. A fixed-movement connection assembly 22 is installed inside the inner cylinder 21. The fixed-movement connection assembly 22 is used to control the locking and unlocking of the inner cylinder 21 and the extra-long drill bit 12. Multiple surrounding abutment mechanisms 3 are installed on the outside of the outer cylinder 213. In this device, the core function of the positioning mechanism 2 is to provide a stable and movable external support reference for the extra-long drill bit 12 in the vulnerable stage when it starts cutting but has not yet formed a complete hole wall guide.

[0046] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 3 - Figure 11 As shown, the fixed-moving connection assembly 22 includes a housing 221 fixedly installed inside the inner cylinder 21. A through-hole 222 is opened through the central axis of the housing 221. Sliding grooves 223 are symmetrically opened on the inner walls of the two sides of the through-hole 222. A symmetrically arranged shaft frame 224 is installed between the two sliding grooves 223. A roller 225 is rotatably installed in the shaft frame 224. An extra-long drill bit 12 is inserted between the two rollers 225 in the through-hole 222. The ends of the rollers 225 extend into the sliding grooves 223. A piston chamber 227 is opened in the housing 221 and communicates with the sliding grooves 223. A piston block 228 is slidably installed in the piston chamber 227. A tension spring 229 for elastically pulling the piston block 228 is fixedly installed in the piston chamber 227. In the unlocked state, the piston block 228 is separated from the ends of the rollers 225 by the elastic pull of the tension spring 229.

[0047] In this device, the fixed-motion connection assembly 22 is the key structure for achieving a controllable connection between the inner cylinder 21 and the rotating extra-long drill bit 12. In the unlocked state, the tension of the tension spring 229 causes the piston block 228 to retract and not contact the end of the roller 225. At this time, the two rollers 225 are rolled and connected to the outside of the extra-long drill bit 12. Since the rollers 225 can rotate normally in this state, the entire positioning mechanism 2 can move up and down relative to the outside of the extra-long drill bit 12 by means of the rolling of the rollers 225. In the initial state, the positioning mechanism 2 is positioned at the outside of the extra-long drill bit 12. After the initial position of the positioning mechanism 2 is determined, the inner cylinder 21 and the extra-long drill bit 12 need to be locked by the fixed-movement connection assembly 22. At this time, external hydraulic oil is injected into the piston chamber 227 through the pipeline, pushing the piston block 228 to move towards the slide groove 223 against the tension of the tension spring 229. This causes the end of the piston block 228 to squeeze the end of the roller 225, forcing the two shaft brackets 224 to be unable to rotate. As a result, the two rollers 225 firmly clamp the extra-long drill bit 12, achieving a temporary fixed connection between the inner cylinder 21 and the extra-long drill bit 12.

[0048] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 9 - Figure 11 As shown, the shaft bracket 224 is slidably connected to the slide groove 223. A spring 226 for elastic support of the shaft bracket 224 is fixedly installed inside the housing 221. In the unlocked state, the roller 225 maintains a tendency to move towards the central axis of the housing 221 by means of the elastic support of the spring 226 on the shaft bracket 224. In this device, by sliding the shaft bracket 224 in the slide groove 223, the elastic support provided by the spring 226 on the shaft bracket 224 in the unlocked state drives the roller 225 to maintain a slight contact with the drill bit with a preload force. This is combined with the replacement of ultra-long drill bits 12 of different specifications and diameters for internal support, so that the distance between the two symmetrically arranged rollers 225 can be flexibly adjusted. This allows the device to be adapted to ultra-long drill bits 12 of different specifications and diameters, which helps to improve the applicability of the device in actual use to a certain extent.

[0049] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 3 - Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, there are two inner cylinders 21, and each inner cylinder 21 has two fixed and movable connecting components 22. The two fixed and movable connecting components 22 are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the same inner cylinder 21, respectively. The roller 225 in one fixed and movable connecting component 22 is deflected by 90° relative to the roller 225 in the other fixed and movable connecting component 22. In this device, by axially deflecting the rollers 225 in the four fixed and movable connecting components 22 in the two inner cylinders 21 by 90° and arranging them in a cross pattern, when the positioning mechanism 2 is connected and locked with the extra-long drill bit 12, the connection between the inner cylinder 21 and the extra-long drill bit 12 can be constrained from two vertical directions. This helps to provide a more balanced clamping force and effectively ensures that the extra-long drill bit 12 is stably positioned in the central axis position within the positioning mechanism 2, thereby improving the stability of the device during operation to a certain extent.

[0050] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the outer sides of the two inner cylinders 21 are rotatably connected to the sliding sleeves 212 via bearings 211. The two sliding sleeves 212 are respectively located in the middle and upper positions inside the outer cylinder 213. There are also two springs 214. The lower ends of the two springs 214 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 213. One spring 214 elastically supports a corresponding sliding sleeve 212 from below.

[0051] In this device, the two inner cylinders 21 and the fixed-motion connecting components 22 inside them cooperate with each other. During the drilling process of the ultra-long drill bit 12, the fixed-motion connecting components 22 corresponding to the upper and lower inner cylinders 21 are locked and unlocked by intermittent control. With the elastic support of the corresponding springs 214, the positioning mechanism 2 can be stably released and segmented guided relative to the ultra-long drill bit 12.

[0052] Specifically, during initial drilling, the upper inner cylinder 21 is locked, and the upper sliding sleeve 212 provides initial centering and guidance within the outer cylinder 213. After drilling to a certain depth, the lower inner cylinder 21 is locked, and then the upper inner cylinder 21 is unlocked. The upper sliding sleeve 212 can move the upper inner cylinder 21 upward and reset within the outer cylinder 213 with the help of the elastic support of the upper spring 214. Subsequently, while the lower inner cylinder 21 remains locked to the ultra-long drill bit 12, it is driven by the downward drilling ultra-long drill bit 12 to move downward a certain distance within the outer cylinder 213, overcoming the elastic support of the lower spring 214. At this time, the lower sliding sleeve 212 provides initial centering and guidance within the outer cylinder 213. Then, the reset upper inner cylinder 21 is locked again, and the lower inner cylinder 21 is unlocked. The above operation is repeated cyclically. Through the above structural setting, the effective guiding distance of the positioning mechanism 2 can be effectively extended, and it is beneficial to avoid wear concentration caused by long-term locking of a single point, which is beneficial to further improve the accuracy when using the ultra-long drill bit 12 for deep hole machining.

[0053] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 3 - Figure 8 As shown, a locking assembly 23 is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve 212, and the locking assembly 23 includes a first annular groove 231 surrounding the outer cylindrical surface of the sliding sleeve 212. A first elastic ring 232, which is separate from the inner wall of the outer cylinder 213, is fixedly installed in the first annular groove 231. In this device, the locking assembly 23 is used to control the relative sliding relationship between the sliding sleeve 212 and the outer cylinder 213. When hydraulic oil is introduced into the first annular groove 231, the oil will enter between the first annular groove 231 and the first elastic ring 232. The first elastic ring 232 is activated by the hydraulic pressure. The slide sleeve 212 expands downward and presses tightly against the inner wall of the outer cylinder 213, generating a huge frictional force, thereby locking the slide sleeve 212 in its current position inside the outer cylinder 213 and preventing it from sliding up and down. When the pressure is released, the first elastic ring 232 returns to its original shape, and the slide sleeve 212 can slide freely inside the outer cylinder 213 again. This function is used to temporarily fix the slide sleeve 212 and the outer cylinder 213 in the initial stage of drilling, so that the fixed abutment mechanism 3 on the outer cylinder 213 remains in a relatively stable state with the extra-long drill bit 12, ensuring the accurate and stable position during initial positioning.

[0054] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 - Figure 8 As shown, a first connector 24 communicating with the inside of the first annular groove 231 is fixedly installed on the sliding sleeve 212. A first annular tube 241 is fixedly arranged around the outside of the inner cylinder 21, and the inside of the first annular tube 241 communicates with the inside of the piston chamber 227. A second annular tube 242 rotatably communicating with the first annular tube 241 is fixedly arranged around the inside of the sliding sleeve 212. A second connector 243 communicating with the inside of the second annular tube 242 is fixedly installed on the sliding sleeve 212.

[0055] In this device, the first connector 24 is used for the hydraulic oil supply connection in the first annular groove 231 and for flexible control of the locking assembly 23. The first annular pipe 241, the second annular pipe 242, and the second connector 243 together form a rotary hydraulic sealing structure. The hydraulic oil enters from the second connector 243 and flows into the second annular pipe 242. The second annular pipe 242 is rotatably connected to the first annular pipe 241 fixed on the inner cylinder 21, so that the hydraulic oil can be stably transmitted to the rotating inner cylinder 21 and finally enters the piston chamber 227 in the fixed-movement connection assembly 22 through the first annular pipe 241 to achieve flexible control of the piston block 228. This structural arrangement effectively connects the external static hydraulic source with the internal rotating fixed-movement connection assembly 22 without interfering with the normal rotation of the inner cylinder 21 and the extra-long drill bit 12.

[0056] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 12As shown, the abutment mechanism 3 includes a cylinder 31 fixedly installed on the outer wall of the outer cylinder 213, and a piston rod 32 slidably installed inside the cylinder 31. A rod 33 extending downward to the bottom of the cylinder 31 is fixedly installed on the piston rod 32, and an abutment block 34 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the rod 33. A third connector 35 communicating with the inside of the cylinder 31 is fixedly installed on the cylinder 31. The third connectors 35 on multiple cylinders 31 are interconnected and connected to a hydraulic pump. The upper end of the rod 33 extends upward to the top of the cylinder 31. A second annular groove 36 is formed around the cylindrical surface of the piston rod 32. A sliding sealing structure located on the upper and lower sides of the second annular groove 36 is provided between the cylindrical surface of the piston rod 32 and the inner wall of the cylinder 31. A second elastic ring 37 elastically supported on the inner wall of the cylinder 31 is fixedly installed inside the second annular groove 36. A fourth connector 38 communicating with the inside of the second annular groove 36 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the rod 33.

[0057] In this device, the abutment mechanism 3 is responsible for establishing the positioning reference. Before drilling, oil is supplied to the third joint 35 of all cylinders 31 simultaneously through an external hydraulic pump, pushing the piston rod 32 and the rod 33 to move downward, so that multiple abutment blocks 34 extend and press against the workpiece surface. Since multiple cylinders 31 are connected, the pressure is balanced. Even if the workpiece surface is slightly tilted, each abutment block 34 can adaptively apply a uniform support force to ensure that the outer cylinder 213, that is, the entire positioning mechanism 2, is perpendicularly aligned with the workpiece surface. The second annular groove 36 and the second elastic ring 37 can form an internal locking mechanism.

[0058] Under normal conditions, the outer side of the second elastic ring 37 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the cylinder 31, maintaining a locked state between the piston rod 32 and the cylinder 31. The oil passage connected to the fourth connector 38 is connected to the second annular groove 36 and is located between the cylinder 31 and the second elastic ring 37. When unlocking is required, high-pressure oil can be injected into the second annular groove 36 through the fourth connector 38, so that the hydraulic oil fills between the cylinder 31 and the second elastic ring 37, causing the outer side of the second elastic ring 37 to deform and contract, separating from the inner wall of the cylinder 31. In this state, the piston rod 32 can be driven to move within the cylinder 31. Through the above structural arrangement, it is beneficial to realize stepless self-locking control of the abutment mechanism 3, making the operation of the device more stable and convenient.

[0059] In the specific implementation process, such as Figure 1 and Figure 13 As shown, an oil pipe assembly 4 is installed on the head 1, and the oil pipe assembly 4 includes a bracket 41 fixedly connected to the head 1. A shaft tube 42 is fixedly installed on the bracket 41, and an adapter 43 is rotatably connected to the outside of the shaft tube 42. A take-up drum 44 is fixedly installed on the outside of the adapter 43, and an oil pipe body 45 is wound on the take-up drum 44. One end of the oil pipe body 45 located inside the take-up drum 44 is fixedly connected to the inside of the adapter 43.

[0060] In this device, the winding drum 44 can be driven by a torsion spring or a servo motor, depending on actual needs. If a torsion spring is used, it is only necessary to install the torsion spring between the winding drum 44 and the bracket 41. With the elastic support of the torsion spring, the winding drum 44 maintains the winding posture of the oil pipe body 45. If a servo motor is used, a gear ring coaxially arranged on the winding drum 44 is fixedly installed, and a gear meshing with the gear ring is installed on the drive shaft of the servo motor. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the drive shaft of the servo motor, the release and winding operations of the oil pipe body 45 on the winding drum 44 are realized. The oil pipe body 45 is used to supply hydraulic oil to the various hydraulic interfaces of the positioning mechanism 2 and the abutment mechanism 3. When the head 1 moves down with the extra-long drill bit 12 to drill, the winding drum 44 will automatically wind up the oil pipe body 45, which helps to avoid the safety hazards and wear caused by the pipe sagging and tangling.

[0061] Specifically, the working principle of this invention includes the following steps:

[0062] S1. Preparation Phase:

[0063] The extra-long drill bit 12 is inserted into the chuck 11, and the positioning mechanism 2 is fitted onto the lower end of the extra-long drill bit 12. The hydraulic system is started, and oil is supplied to the piston chamber 227, which drives the piston block 228 to lock the roller 225. Oil is supplied to the first annular groove 231, which drives the first elastic ring 232 to expand and lock the anti-slip sleeve 212, ensuring the relative stability between the abutting mechanism 3 and the extra-long drill bit 12. Then, oil is supplied to the second annular groove 36, which drives the second elastic ring 37 to contract and separate from the cylinder 31, completing the unlocking operation. The hydraulic oil enters the cylinder 31 of all abutting mechanisms 3 through the third connector 35, pushing each abutting block 34 to extend, so that each abutting block 34 contacts and presses against the upper surface of the workpiece. Then, the pressure in the second annular groove 36 is released, realizing the self-locking of the abutting mechanism 3. At this time, the outer cylinder 213 establishes a stable and vertical reference with the workpiece through the abutting mechanism 3.

[0064] S2, Initial Drilling:

[0065] The first annular groove 231 and piston chamber 227 are depressurized and unlocked. Then, hydraulic oil enters the piston chamber 227 of the two fixed and moving connection components 22 in the upper inner cylinder 21 through the second annular pipe 242 and the first annular pipe 241, pushing the piston block 228 so that the roller 225 tightly clamps the extra-long drill bit 12, thereby locking the upper inner cylinder 21 and the extra-long drill bit 12. At this time, the lower end of the extra-long drill bit 12, the upper inner cylinder 21 and the sliding sleeve 212 can form a guide sliding in the outer cylinder 213, forming a rigid guide frame. Then, the start motor 13 drives the extra-long drill bit 12 to rotate and controls the head 1 to feed slowly. Since the drill tip is restricted on the precise axis established by the positioning mechanism 2, its initial swing is effectively suppressed, achieving high-precision fixed-point cutting.

[0066] S3, Drilling depth:

[0067] After the extra-long drill bit 12 drills into the workpiece to a certain depth, hydraulic pressure is first applied to the fixed-moving connection component 22 in the lower inner cylinder 21 to lock the lower inner cylinder 21 and the extra-long drill bit 12. Then, the oil pressure in the piston chamber 227 in the upper fixed-moving connection component 22 is released. With the elastic support of the upper spring 214, the upper inner cylinder 21 moves upward and resets in the outer cylinder 213, while the lower inner cylinder 21 becomes a new guide constraint point, continuing to suppress the swing of the middle part of the drill rod. The locking and unlocking of the upper inner cylinder 21 and the lower inner cylinder 21 are carried out alternately to provide continuous guidance and complete the high-precision deep hole drilling.

[0068] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision positioning drilling device, comprising a head (1), wherein a chuck (11) is rotatably mounted on the head (1), and the lower end of the chuck (11) is fixedly clamped to hold an extra-long drill bit (12), and a motor (13) for driving the chuck (11) to rotate is fixedly mounted on the head (1), characterized in that: The lower end of the extra-long drill bit (12) is provided with a positioning mechanism (2), and the positioning mechanism (2) includes an inner cylinder (21) sleeved on the outside of the extra-long drill bit (12). A bearing (211) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder (21), and a sliding sleeve (212) is fixedly installed on the outside of the bearing (211). The inner cylinder (21) is rotatably connected to the sliding sleeve (212) through the bearing (211). An outer cylinder (21) is movably sleeved on the outside of the sliding sleeve (212). 3) The outer cylinder (213) is lifted and installed inside the sliding sleeve (212). A spring (214) elastically supported below the sliding sleeve (212) is fixedly installed inside the outer cylinder (213). A fixed-movement connection assembly (22) is installed inside the inner cylinder (21). The fixed-movement connection assembly (22) is used to control the locking and unlocking of the inner cylinder (21) and the extra-long drill bit (12). Multiple abutment mechanisms (3) are installed around the outer side of the outer cylinder (213).

2. The high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed-motion connection assembly (22) includes a shell frame (221) fixedly installed inside the inner cylinder (21), and a through opening (222) is provided through the central axis of the shell frame (221). Symmetrical grooves (223) are provided on the inner walls of the two sides of the through opening (222), and symmetrically arranged shaft frames (224) are installed between the two grooves (223). Rollers (225) are rotatably installed inside the shaft frames (224). The extra-long drill bit (12) is inserted into the two rollers inside the through opening (222). Between the rollers (225), the end of the roller (225) extends into the groove (223). The housing (221) has a piston chamber (227) that communicates with the groove (223). A piston block (228) is slidably installed in the piston chamber (227). A tension spring (229) for elastically pulling the piston block (228) is fixedly installed in the piston chamber (227). In the unlocked state, the piston block (228) is separated from the end of the roller (225) by means of the elastic pull of the tension spring (229).

3. The high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shaft frame (224) is slidably connected to the slide groove (223). A spring (226) for elastic support of the shaft frame (224) is fixedly installed inside the shell frame (221). In the unlocked state, the roller (225) maintains a tendency to move towards the central axis of the shell frame (221) by means of the elastic support of the shaft frame (224) by the spring (226).

4. The high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two inner cylinders (21), and each inner cylinder (21) is provided with two fixed and moving connection components (22). The two fixed and moving connection components (22) are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the same inner cylinder (21). The roller (225) in one of the fixed and moving connection components (22) is deflected by 90° relative to the roller (225) in the other fixed and moving connection component (22).

5. A high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer sides of the two inner cylinders (21) are rotatably connected to the sliding sleeves (212) via bearings (211). The two sliding sleeves (212) are respectively located in the middle and upper positions inside the outer cylinder (213). There are also two springs (214). The lower ends of the two springs (214) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder (213). Each spring (214) elastically supports a corresponding sliding sleeve (212) from below.

6. A high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A locking assembly (23) is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve (212), and the locking assembly (23) includes a first annular groove (231) surrounding the outer cylindrical surface of the sliding sleeve (212), and a first elastic ring (232) that is separated from the inner wall of the outer cylinder (213) is fixedly installed in the first annular groove (231).

7. A high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first connector (24) communicating with the inside of the first annular groove (231) is fixedly installed on the sliding sleeve (212). A first annular tube (241) is fixedly arranged around the outer side of the inner cylinder (21), and the inside of the first annular tube (241) is communicating with the inside of the piston chamber (227). A second annular tube (242) communicating with the first annular tube (241) is fixedly arranged around the inner side of the sliding sleeve (212). A second connector (243) communicating with the inside of the second annular tube (242) is fixedly installed on the sliding sleeve (212).

8. The high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abutting mechanism (3) includes a cylinder (31) fixedly installed on the outer wall of the outer cylinder (213), and a piston column (32) is slidably installed inside the cylinder (31). A rod (33) extending downward to the bottom of the cylinder (31) is fixedly installed on the piston column (32), and an abutting block (34) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the rod (33). A third connector (35) communicating with the inside of the cylinder (31) is fixedly installed on the cylinder (31). The third connectors (35) on multiple cylinders (31) are interconnected and connected to a hydraulic pump.

9. A high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The upper end of the rod (33) extends upward to the top of the cylinder (31). A second annular groove (36) is provided around the cylindrical surface of the piston rod (32). A sliding sealing structure is provided between the cylindrical surface of the piston rod (32) and the inner wall of the cylinder (31) on the upper and lower sides of the second annular groove (36). A second elastic ring (37) is fixedly installed in the second annular groove (36) and elastically supported on the inner wall of the cylinder (31). A fourth connector (38) communicating with the inside of the second annular groove (36) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the rod (33).

10. A high-precision positioning drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The head (1) is equipped with an oil pipe assembly (4), and the oil pipe assembly (4) includes a bracket (41) fixedly connected to the head (1). A shaft tube (42) is fixedly installed on the bracket (41), and an adapter (43) is rotatably connected to the outside of the shaft tube (42). A take-up drum (44) is fixedly installed on the outside of the adapter (43), and an oil pipe body (45) is wound on the take-up drum (44). One end of the oil pipe body (45) located inside the take-up drum (44) is fixedly connected to the inside of the adapter (43).

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