A multi-stage welding device for pipe machining

By designing a multi-segment welding device, the position adjustment and fixation of the pipe are achieved by using cylinders and motors, which solves the problems of welding deformation and low efficiency of thin-walled pipes, and improves welding quality and efficiency.

CN122442286APending Publication Date: 2026-07-24FENGXIAN ZHONGLIAN ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
FENGXIAN ZHONGLIAN ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECH CO LTD
Filing Date
2026-06-11
Publication Date
2026-07-24

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In the existing technology, thin-walled pipes are prone to deformation before welding, and the clamping device needs to be frequently adjusted when welding pipes of different lengths, resulting in low welding efficiency.

Method used

The multi-segment welding device includes a base, adjustment groove, adjustment table assembly, clamping pipe assembly, lifting table assembly, and pipe support plate assembly. The position adjustment and fixation of the pipe are achieved by cylinder and motor drive. The arc clamp and fan-shaped support plate are used to clamp the pipe evenly, which can adapt to pipes of different diameters and structures.

Benefits of technology

It improves the welding quality of pipes, prevents deformation, enhances welding efficiency and applicability, and is suitable for various pipe structures.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-section welding device for pipe processing, it is related to welding equipment technical field.Processing includes base, and adjusting groove is arranged on base;Adjusting table subassembly is arranged in adjusting groove;Clamping pipe subassembly is arranged on adjusting table subassembly;Two lifting platform subassemblies are provided, and two lifting platform subassemblies are evenly distributed along the circumference of adjusting groove;Two pipe support disc subassemblies are provided, and two pipe support disc subassemblies are respectively arranged in the opposite two ends of base;Adjusting table subassembly includes rotating disc rotatably arranged in the bottom of adjusting groove, and lifting cylinder one is arranged on rotating disc;Clamping pipe subassembly includes pipe base arranged on lifting cylinder one, and the opposite two ends of pipe base are movably connected with arc pipe clamp by screw nut assembly;Lifting platform subassembly includes lifting cylinder two embedded in base, and arc lifting platform is arranged on the piston rod of lifting cylinder two.The application has the advantages of facilitating the clamping of pipe, preventing pipe deformation, and improving welding quality.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding equipment technology, and more specifically to a multi-segment welding device for pipe processing. Background Technology

[0002] Multi-segment pipe welding involves welding multiple pipes of different lengths together to form a longer pipe. Currently, before welding, the pipes are usually placed on a welding support platform, aligned, and then clamped on the outside of the pipes using clamping devices on the welding platform to fix them in place. However, when the pipe wall is thin, the contact area between the clamps and the outer wall of the pipe is small, making the pipe prone to deformation. Furthermore, when welding pipes of different lengths, it is necessary to adjust the clamping devices to hold the pipes of different lengths so that the clamping devices are staggered from the welding positions of adjacent pipes, thus increasing welding time and reducing welding efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-segment welding device for pipe processing, which has the advantages of facilitating pipe clamping, preventing pipe deformation, and improving welding quality.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a multi-segment welding device for pipe processing, comprising: The base has an adjustment groove. Adjustment platform assembly, the adjustment platform assembly is set in the adjustment slot; Clamping tube assembly, the clamping tube assembly is mounted on the adjusting table assembly; The lifting platform assembly consists of two components, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the adjustment groove. There are two tube support plate assemblies, which are respectively located at opposite ends of the base. The regulating platform assembly includes a rotating disk rotatably disposed at the bottom of the regulating groove, and a lifting cylinder is provided on the rotating disk. The clamping tube assembly includes a tube seat mounted on the lifting cylinder, wherein the two opposite ends of the tube seat are movably connected to an arc-shaped tube clamp via a screw and nut assembly. The lifting platform assembly includes a second lifting cylinder embedded in the base, and an arc-shaped lifting platform is provided on the piston rod of the second lifting cylinder.

[0005] Preferably, a gear ring is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating disk, a drive motor is provided on the base, and a drive gear that meshes with the gear ring is provided on the output shaft of the drive motor, so that the drive motor can drive the rotating disk to rotate, thereby allowing the position of the pipe placed on the pipe seat to be adjusted as needed.

[0006] Preferably, the pipe seat is rotatably disposed in the adjustment groove, and the top surface of the pipe seat is provided with an arc-shaped groove, the arc-shaped opening of the arc-shaped groove facing the direction of the arc-shaped pipe clamp, so that the pipe will not interfere with the top surface of the pipe seat after the arc-shaped pipe clamp clamps pipes of different diameters.

[0007] Preferably, the lead screw and nut assembly is horizontally arranged on the pipe seat, and the arc-shaped pipe clamp is connected to the lead screw and nut in the lead screw and nut assembly. The arc-shaped openings of the two arc-shaped pipe clamps are opposite to each other. The lead screw and nut assembly can adjust the position of the arc-shaped pipe clamp according to the pipe with different diameters, which is convenient for clamping the pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the top surface of the arc-shaped lifting platform is provided with an arc-shaped pipe groove, and the height of the arc-shaped lifting platform is adjusted by the second lifting cylinder, so as to facilitate the placement of pipes of different diameters.

[0009] Preferably, the tube support assembly includes: A flip motor is mounted on the base. A flip plate is mounted on the output shaft of a flip motor. The middle rod is set on the flip plate; Telescopic cylinders, multiple telescopic cylinders are provided, and the multiple telescopic cylinders are distributed at intervals along the length direction on the outer peripheral wall of the intermediate rod; The piston rod of the telescopic cylinder is equipped with a fan-shaped support plate. Depending on the diameter of the pipe, the fan-shaped support plate can be used to support the inner wall of the pipe to fix the pipe and facilitate welding operations.

[0010] Preferably, the radius of the fan-shaped support plate decreases sequentially along the length of the middle rod, and the radius of the fan-shaped support plate near the flip plate end is greater than that of the fan-shaped support plate far from the flip plate end. The fan-shaped support plate at the corresponding position can be used to fix the pipe according to the different inner diameters of the pipe, thereby facilitating welding operations.

[0011] Preferably, the flip plate is provided with a hemispherical top, the circular end of which is set on the flip plate. A hollow annular sleeve is movably inserted into the outside of the hemispherical top. The intermediate rod, the hemispherical top, and the hollow annular sleeve are coaxial. Depending on the structure of the pipe, the use of the hollow annular sleeve can be selected. That is, when the pipe is hollow, the spherical end of the hemispherical top can be abutted against the open end face of the pipe; when the pipe is solid, the hollow annular sleeve can be fitted onto the outside of the pipe.

[0012] Preferably, an arc-shaped baffle is provided on the side wall of the fan-shaped support plate away from the flip plate end. The arc-shaped baffle is located at the arc surface of the fan-shaped support plate, and the length of the arc-shaped baffle is the same as the length of the arc surface of the fan-shaped support plate. When the pipe is a solid structure, the two arc-shaped baffles on the same telescopic cylinder can simultaneously clamp the outer peripheral wall of the pipe, thereby clamping and fixing the pipe for easy welding.

[0013] Preferably, multiple adjusting sleeves are slidably sleeved on the outside of the intermediate rod along its length. Two telescopic cylinders are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer peripheral wall of each adjusting sleeve, and the two fan-shaped support plates on each adjusting sleeve have the same radius. Locking bolts that abut against the intermediate rod are provided through the adjusting sleeves. The position of the adjusting sleeves can be adjusted by sliding them outside the intermediate rod according to the different lengths of the pipe, so as to use the fan-shaped support plates at the corresponding positions to fix the pipe.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The setting of the pipe support plate assembly can be achieved by activating the telescopic cylinder, so that the fan-shaped support plates on each telescopic cylinder abut against the inner wall at different positions of the pipe. That is, by adjusting the position of each adjusting sleeve outside the middle rod, the telescopic cylinders are distributed along the length direction of the pipe axis, which helps to keep the pipe under uniform force when it is fixed, thereby making the pipe less prone to deformation and improving the quality of the pipe after welding.

[0015] 2. Depending on the structure of the pipe, a hollow annular sleeve can be used. When the pipe is hollow, the spherical end of the hemispherical top can be placed against the open end of the pipe. When the pipe is solid, the hollow annular sleeve can be placed on the outside of the pipe, which facilitates the fixing of pipes with different structures before welding, improving the versatility of use and welding efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-segment welding device for pipe processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a clamping pipe assembly structure for a multi-segment welding device used in pipe processing, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a pipe support plate assembly structure for a multi-segment welding device used in pipe processing, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of a hollow annular sleeve in a multi-segment welding device for pipe processing, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the hemispherical mandrel in a multi-segment welding device for pipe processing, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a hollow annular sleeve structure for a multi-segment welding device used for pipe processing, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Base; 11. Drive motor; 12. Drive gear; 2. Adjustment groove; 3. Adjustment platform assembly; 31. Rotating disk; 32. Lifting cylinder one; 4. Clamping tube assembly; 41. Tube seat; 411. Arc-shaped groove; 42. Lead screw and nut assembly; 43. Arc-shaped tube clamp; 5. Lifting platform assembly; 51. Lifting cylinder two; 52. Arc-shaped lifting platform; 521. Arc-shaped tube groove; 6. Support plate assembly; 61. Tilting motor; 62. Tilting plate; 63. Intermediate rod; 64. Telescopic cylinder; 65. Fan-shaped support plate; 651. Arc-shaped stop bar; 66. Hemispherical top; 67. Hollow annular sleeve; 7. Adjusting sliding sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 2As shown, the present invention provides a multi-segment welding device for pipe processing, including a base 1, on which an adjustment groove 2 is provided; an adjustment platform assembly 3 is disposed in the adjustment groove 2; a clamping pipe assembly 4 is disposed on the adjustment platform assembly 3; two lifting platform assemblies 5 are provided, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the adjustment groove 2; two pipe support plate assemblies 6 are provided, which are respectively disposed at opposite ends of the base 1; the adjustment platform assembly 3 includes a rotating disk 31 rotatably disposed at the bottom of the adjustment groove 2, and a lifting cylinder 32 is disposed on the rotating disk 31; the clamping pipe assembly 4 includes a pipe seat 41 disposed on the lifting cylinder 32, and the opposite ends of the pipe seat 41 are movably connected to an arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 through a screw and nut assembly 42; the lifting platform assembly 5 includes a lifting cylinder 51 embedded in the base 1, and an arc-shaped lifting platform 52 is disposed on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 51.

[0028] Before welding, multiple pipe sections are placed on the clamping pipe assembly 4 and two lifting platform assemblies 5. The pipes placed on the clamping pipe assembly 4 can be adjusted in position according to their diameter by the screw nut assembly 42 driving the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43, thus using the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 to clamp and fix the pipes. The pipes placed on the lifting platform assembly 5 (i.e., the pipes placed on the arc-shaped lifting platform 52) are adjusted in position by the lifting cylinder 51 so that the positions of the pipes placed on the arc-shaped lifting platform 52 and the pipes clamped on the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 are adapted, so that the laser welding machine can be used to weld the contact points between two adjacent pipes (laser welding machine is existing technology, so it will not be described in detail here; laser welding can be adjusted according to the contact points between two adjacent pipes, so it is applicable to welding pipes of various lengths). After the pipes on the clamping pipe assembly 4 and the two lifting platform assemblies 5 are placed, the pipe support plate assembly 6 can be used to clamp and fix the pipes together, so that the two adjacent pipes are in contact with each other, thus facilitating welding.

[0029] As needed, the position of the pipe clamped on the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 can be adjusted by rotating the rotating disk 31 horizontally within the adjusting groove 2; or by raising and lowering the pipe seat 41 and the pipe clamped on the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 by lifting cylinder 32; and by raising and lowering the pipe placed on the arc-shaped lifting platform 52 by lifting cylinder 51.

[0030] Example 2 Based on Example 1, such as Figures 1 to 2As shown, a gear ring is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating disk 31, and a drive motor 11 is provided on the base 1. The output shaft of the drive motor 11 is provided with a drive gear 12 that meshes with the gear ring; this facilitates the drive motor 11 to drive the rotating disk 31 to rotate, thereby allowing the horizontally placed pipe on the pipe seat 41 to be positioned as needed, and facilitating the welding connection between multiple pipes.

[0031] Example 3 Based on Example 1, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the pipe seat 41 is rotatably mounted in the adjustment groove 2. The top surface of the pipe seat 41 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 411, and the arc-shaped opening of the arc-shaped groove 411 faces the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43. When the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 clamps pipes of different diameters, the arc-shaped groove 411 prevents the pipes from interfering with the top surface of the pipe seat 41, thus facilitating the welding of the pipes.

[0032] The lead screw and nut assembly 42 is horizontally set on the pipe seat 41. The arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 is connected to the lead screw and nut in the lead screw and nut assembly 42, and the arc-shaped openings of the two arc-shaped pipe clamps 43 are opposite to each other. The position of the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 can be adjusted according to the pipe with different diameters, which facilitates the clamping of the pipe and improves its applicability.

[0033] Example 4 Based on Example 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, an arc-shaped pipe groove 521 is provided on the top surface of the arc-shaped lifting platform 52; the height of the arc-shaped lifting platform 52 is adjusted by the lifting cylinder 51, so as to facilitate the placement of pipes of different diameters, and thus the pipes placed in the arc-shaped pipe groove 521 and the pipes clamped on the arc-shaped pipe clamp 43 are coaxial, which facilitates the welding connection between multiple pipes.

[0034] Example 5 Based on Example 1, such as Figures 1 to 8As shown, the support plate assembly 6 includes a tilting motor 61, which is mounted on the base 1; a tilting plate 62 is mounted on the output shaft of the tilting motor 61; an intermediate rod 63 is mounted on the tilting plate 62; multiple telescopic cylinders 64 are provided, and the multiple telescopic cylinders 64 are spaced apart along the length direction of the outer peripheral wall of the intermediate rod 63; each telescopic cylinder 64 has a fan-shaped support plate 65 on its piston rod; the radius of the fan-shaped support plate 65 decreases sequentially along the length direction of the intermediate rod 63, and the radius of the fan-shaped support plate 65 closer to the tilting plate 62 is larger than that further away from the tilting plate 62. The radius of the fan-shaped support plate 65 at the end of the plate 62; a hemispherical top 66 is provided on the flip plate 62, the circular end of the hemispherical top 66 is set on the flip plate 62, and a hollow annular sleeve 67 is movably inserted into the outside of the hemispherical top 66; the intermediate rod 63, the hemispherical top 66 and the hollow annular sleeve 67 are coaxial; an arc-shaped baffle 651 is provided on the side wall of the fan-shaped support plate 65 away from the end of the flip plate 62, the arc-shaped baffle 651 is located at the arc surface of the fan-shaped support plate 65, and the length of the arc-shaped baffle 651 is the same as the length of the arc surface of the fan-shaped support plate 65.

[0035] The rotating motor 61 can drive the rotating plate 62 to rotate, thereby clamping and fixing the pipe before welding. The rotating motor 61 drives the rotating plate 62 to rotate, so that the intermediate rod 63 and the fan-shaped support plate 65 can be inserted into the pipe placed on the arc-shaped lifting platform 52. Depending on the pipe diameter, the fan-shaped support plate 65 is supported against the inner wall of the pipe by activating the telescopic cylinder 64 (the arc-shaped surface of the fan-shaped support plate 65 abuts against the inner circumferential wall of the pipe, and the fan-shaped support plates 65 on each telescopic cylinder 64 abut against the inner wall at different positions of the pipe at the same time, which helps to keep the pipe under uniform force when it is fixed, and thus makes the pipe less prone to deformation). This fixes the pipe, facilitates the welding operation, and improves the quality of the pipe after welding.

[0036] Depending on the structure of the pipe, the use of a hollow annular sleeve 67 can be selected. When the pipe is hollow, the spherical end of the hemispherical top 66 can be aligned with the open end face of the pipe (the pipe placed on the arc-shaped lifting platform 52). When the pipe is solid, the hollow annular sleeve 67 can be fitted onto the outside of the pipe (the rotating plate 62 outside the hemispherical top 66 is provided with an annular groove that matches the inner and outer diameters of the hollow annular sleeve 67, and the annular groove matches the hemispherical top). With the 66 coaxial, the hollow annular sleeve 67 can be inserted into the annular groove. The hollow annular sleeve 67 can be fixed by using bolts to penetrate the flip plate 62 and abut against the outer peripheral wall of the hollow annular sleeve 67. At this time, the circular end of the pipe near the flip plate 62 can contact the spherical end of the hemispherical top 66, and the outer peripheral wall of the pipe near the flip plate 62 can contact the inner peripheral wall of the hollow annular sleeve 67, thereby fixing the position of the pipe in the axial length direction.

[0037] When the pipe is a solid structure (in which case the hollow annular sleeve 67 and hemispherical top 66 are not used), the two arc-shaped baffles 651 on the same telescopic cylinder 64 can simultaneously clamp the pipe (the outer peripheral wall of the pipe near the circular end of the flip plate 62), and the position of the pipe clamped by the arc-shaped baffles 651 corresponds with that of the pipe clamped by the two arc-shaped pipe clamps 43, which facilitates welding.

[0038] Multiple adjusting sleeves 7 are slidably fitted on the outside of the intermediate rod 63 along its length. Two telescopic cylinders 64 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer peripheral wall of each adjusting sleeve 7, and the two fan-shaped support plates 65 on each adjusting sleeve 7 have the same radius. Locking bolts that abut against the intermediate rod 63 are installed through the adjusting sleeve 7. The position of the adjusting sleeve 7 can be adjusted by sliding it outside the intermediate rod 63 according to the different lengths of the pipe, so that the fan-shaped support plates 65 at the corresponding positions can be used to fix the pipe. This makes the force on the fan-shaped support plates 65 on the pipe uniform, which helps to maintain the stability of the pipe after clamping.

[0039] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A multi-segment welding device for pipe processing, characterized in that, include: The base (1) has an adjustment groove (2) on it; Adjustment platform assembly (3) is set inside adjustment slot (2); The clamping tube assembly (4) is mounted on the adjusting table assembly (3); There are two lifting platform assemblies (5), and the two lifting platform assemblies (5) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the adjustment groove (2); There are two tube support plate assemblies (6), and the two tube support plate assemblies (6) are respectively set at opposite ends of the base (1); The regulating platform assembly (3) includes a rotating disk (31) rotatably disposed at the bottom of the regulating groove (2), and a lifting cylinder (32) is provided on the rotating disk (31). The clamping tube assembly (4) includes a tube seat (41) mounted on the lifting cylinder (32), wherein the two opposite ends of the tube seat (41) are movably connected to an arc-shaped tube clamp (43) via a screw and nut assembly (42). The lifting platform assembly (5) includes a second lifting cylinder (51) embedded in the base (1), and an arc-shaped lifting platform (52) is provided on the piston rod of the second lifting cylinder (51).

2. The multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A gear ring is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating disk (31), and a drive motor (11) is provided on the base (1). A drive gear (12) that meshes with the gear ring is provided on the output shaft of the drive motor (11).

3. The multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tube seat (41) is rotatably set in the adjustment groove (2). The top surface of the tube seat (41) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (411), and the arc-shaped opening of the arc-shaped groove (411) faces the arc-shaped tube clamp (43).

4. The multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The lead screw and lead nut assembly (42) is horizontally set on the tube seat (41), and the arc-shaped tube clamp (43) is connected to the lead nut in the lead screw and lead nut assembly (42), and the arc-shaped openings of the two arc-shaped tube clamps (43) are opposite each other.

5. A multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An arc-shaped pipe groove (521) is provided on the top surface of the arc-shaped lifting platform (52).

6. A multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The support tube assembly (6) includes: A flip motor (61) is mounted on a base (1); A flip plate (62) is mounted on the output shaft of a flip motor (61); The intermediate rod (63) is set on the flip plate (62); Telescopic cylinder (64), multiple telescopic cylinders (64) are provided, and multiple telescopic cylinders (64) are distributed at intervals along the length direction on the outer peripheral wall of the intermediate rod (63); A fan-shaped support plate (65) is provided on the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder (64).

7. A multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The radius of the fan-shaped support plate (65) decreases sequentially along the length of the middle rod (63), and the radius of the fan-shaped support plate (65) closer to the flip plate (62) is greater than the radius of the fan-shaped support plate (65) farther away from the flip plate (62).

8. A multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A hemispherical top (66) is provided on the flip plate (62). The circular end of the hemispherical top (66) is set on the flip plate (62). A hollow annular sleeve (67) is movably inserted into the outside of the hemispherical top (66). The intermediate rod (63), the hemispherical top (66) and the hollow annular sleeve (67) are coaxial.

9. A multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 6, characterized in that, An arc-shaped baffle (651) is provided on the side wall of the fan-shaped support plate (65) away from the flip plate (62). The arc-shaped baffle (651) is located at the arc surface of the fan-shaped support plate (65), and the length of the arc-shaped baffle (651) is the same as the length of the arc surface of the fan-shaped support plate (65).

10. A multi-segment welding device for pipe processing as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Multiple adjusting sleeves (7) are slidably mounted on the outside of the intermediate rod (63) along the length direction. Two telescopic cylinders (64) are evenly distributed on the outer peripheral wall of each adjusting sleeve (7) along the circumferential direction. The two fan-shaped support plates (65) on each adjusting sleeve (7) have the same radius. Locking bolts that abut against the intermediate rod (63) are provided through the adjusting sleeve (7).