A dual energy harvesting method based on wind energy nanogenerator capacitor matrix series-parallel topology reconfiguration

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on wind energy nanometer generator's capacitor matrix series-parallel topology reconfiguration double energy collection method and system, the method includes: the intermediate bus voltage is obtained after TENG output rectification;First heavy energy collection is executed, control capacitor matrix is reconfigured to series topology and charges;When bus voltage reaches preset upper threshold, all switches are turned off and keep preset dead time, avoid through short circuit;After dead time, control capacitor matrix is reconfigured to parallel topology, load isolation switch is turned on, to low voltage large capacitor releases energy to load and output capacitor, realizes second heavy energy collection;According to bus voltage, the above process is recycled.System includes TENG, rectifier bridge, capacitor matrix, topology reconfiguration switch network, load isolation switch, output capacitor and dead time control logic.The application does not need inductance, by series-parallel reconstruction and dead time isolation, improve energy conversion efficiency and system reliability, applicable to self-powered sensing and internet of things node power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy harvesting and self-powered power management technology, and particularly relates to the energy harvesting, energy storage and power supply circuit of wind-powered nanogenerators. Specifically, it is a dual energy harvesting method based on the series-parallel topology reconstruction of the capacitor matrix of a wind-powered nanogenerator. Background Technology

[0002] Wind-powered nanogenerators typically exhibit high voltage, low current, high internal resistance, and strong nonlinearity. Traditional solutions often use rectification to directly charge energy storage components or supply power to low-voltage loads via a buck converter. When the rectified bus voltage is in the tens to hundreds of volts range while the load only requires a few volts, the subsequent buck converter faces challenges such as extremely small duty cycles, high device voltage stress, limited control resolution and minimum conduction time, and increased switching and drive losses, leading to decreased efficiency and complex engineering implementation. Furthermore, if series energy storage is used to support high voltage, uneven voltage distribution in individual capacitors poses a risk of overvoltage failure. During series-to-parallel topology switching, transient risks such as through-circuit short circuits, hard short connections at nodes, and backfeeding to the rectifier side may also occur, affecting reliability and lifespan. Therefore, an improved method that balances efficiency and reliability is urgently needed to achieve efficient energy extraction and usable energy output under wide wind conditions.

[0003] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as an emerging energy harvesting technology, exhibit typical high open-circuit voltages (reaching hundreds or even thousands of volts), low short-circuit currents (microamperes), high internal impedance (megaohms), and significant capacitive pulse characteristics. However, due to a severe impedance mismatch between their output characteristics and those of conventional microelectronic devices (typically powered by 3.3V / 5V and exhibiting low impedance), direct rectification for charging energy storage components or powering loads is extremely inefficient, making it difficult to achieve effective energy utilization.

[0004] To address these issues, existing technologies typically employ inductor-based buck converters or switched-capacitor-based charge pump circuits for power management. However, these solutions face significant technical bottlenecks when dealing with the high-voltage input of TENGs.

[0005] 1. Extremely narrow duty cycle and switching losses: When the input bus voltage is as high as hundreds of volts while the load voltage is only a few volts, traditional buck converters need to operate at extremely small duty cycles. This not only places stringent requirements on the controller resolution and the minimum on-time of the switching transistors, but also leads to a significant increase in the proportion of switching losses and drive losses in the total power consumption, severely limiting the conversion efficiency under light loads.

[0006] 2. Risk of Uneven Voltage Distribution in Series Energy Storage: To withstand the high output voltage of TENG, a multi-stage capacitor series energy storage topology is often used. However, in practical applications, due to the dispersion of capacitor parameters and differences in leakage current, uneven voltage distribution among the capacitors can easily occur, leading to overvoltage breakdown failure of individual capacitors and reducing the reliability of the system.

[0007] 3. Transient shoot-through risk during topology switching: Dynamic reconfiguration circuits employing series charging and parallel discharging (or step-down transfer) are effective means to improve efficiency. However, in such circuits, without precise timing control during state switching, the switching transistors of the upper and lower bridge arms are highly susceptible to shoot-through short circuits. This "hard short circuit" phenomenon not only causes the previously painstakingly collected high-voltage energy to be instantly discharged to ground, resulting in serious energy waste, but the resulting transient high current may even directly burn out the power switching devices. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a dual energy harvesting method based on the series-parallel topology reconstruction of a capacitor matrix using a wind-powered nanogenerator.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, a dual energy harvesting method based on a capacitor matrix series-parallel topology reconfiguration using a wind-powered nanogenerator is provided, comprising: The output of the wind-powered nanogenerator is rectified to obtain the intermediate bus voltage; Perform the first stage of energy harvesting: control the topology reconfiguration switch network to enter the series charging state, so that the capacitor matrix forms a series topology and is charged; When the intermediate bus voltage meets the preset conditions, dead-time control is executed: the series topology switch is turned off, the parallel topology switch is turned off, and the load isolating switch is turned off, while maintaining the preset dead-time. After the dead zone ends, the second energy harvesting is performed: the control topology reconfiguration switch network enters the parallel discharge state, so that the capacitor matrix forms a parallel topology, and after the parallel topology is established, the load isolation switch is turned on, so that the capacitor matrix releases energy to the load and the output capacitor. Based on the intermediate bus voltage or output status, the first stage of energy harvesting is performed cyclically from the second stage of energy harvesting.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the preset conditions include a preset upper threshold and a preset lower threshold. When the intermediate bus voltage reaches the preset upper threshold, the system switches from series charging to parallel discharging. When the intermediate bus voltage drops to the preset lower threshold, the system switches from parallel discharging to series charging.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the dead-time control generates a non-overlapping control signal, so that there is no time interval during which the series topology switch and the parallel topology switch are simultaneously turned on.

[0012] As a further technical solution, when switching from a series topology to a parallel topology, the following steps are executed in sequence: turn off the load disconnect switch, turn off the series topology switch, maintain the preset dead time, turn on the parallel topology switch, and turn on the load disconnect switch; when switching from a parallel topology to a series topology, the following steps are executed in sequence: turn off the load disconnect switch, turn off the parallel topology switch, maintain the preset dead time, and turn on the series topology switch.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the preset dead time is determined based on the switching device turn-off delay, the difference in drive propagation delay, and / or the discharge and potential stabilization time of the node parasitic capacitance.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present invention, a dual energy harvesting system for implementing the method is provided, comprising: a wind-powered nanogenerator, a rectifier bridge, a capacitor matrix, a topology reconfiguration switch network for switching between series and parallel topologies, a load disconnect switch, an output capacitor, and dead-time control logic; wherein, the output terminal of the wind-powered nanogenerator is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier bridge, the output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the topology reconfiguration switch network, the topology reconfiguration switch network is connected to the capacitor matrix, and the capacitor matrix is ​​connected to a load and an output capacitor via the load disconnect switch; the output terminal of the dead-time control logic is connected to the control terminals of the topology reconfiguration switch network and the load disconnect switch, and is configured to output a non-overlapping control signal, such that the topology reconfiguration switch network maintains a preset dead time during topology switching, and the load disconnect switch remains off during the preset dead time.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the capacitor matrix includes N capacitor units, and the topology reconfiguration switch network is configured to switch the N capacitor units to a series connection, a parallel connection, or a connection mode in which some are connected in series and then in parallel with the rest.

[0016] As a further technical solution, clamping devices are respectively provided at both ends of each capacitor unit of the capacitor matrix.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the output capacitor is connected in parallel with the load to store energy during parallel discharge and provide energy buffering during load pulse power consumption.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the load disconnect switch remains off during series charging and dead time, and turns on during parallel discharge.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) Inductorless pre-step-down / turn ratio reconfiguration: The voltage and equivalent capacitance are reconfigured through series charging and parallel discharging, which reduces the extreme turn ratio requirements of the subsequent circuit. 2) Efficiency improvement: Reduces the switching stress and loss ratio when high voltage is directly reduced to low voltage, and increases the overall available energy; 3) Safe handover: Non-overlapping signals are generated through dead-time control, which significantly reduces the risk of through-short circuits and hard short circuits; 4) Load isolation: using load isolation switches Decoupling the "charging / switching" and "power supply" processes suppresses output capacitance. The inrush current and the reinjection; 5) Enhanced reliability: The individual cell clamping / equalizing mechanism effectively prevents individual cell overvoltage failure; 6) High adaptability: This architecture can be flexibly applied to capacitor matrices with different N values, different wind conditions and different load types. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a dual energy harvesting method based on a capacitor matrix series-parallel topology reconfiguration using a wind-powered nanogenerator, provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an energy harvesting system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Existing TENG power management circuits struggle to simultaneously achieve high conversion efficiency, device safety, and system stability when handling wide voltage input ranges. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a circuit topology and control method with precise dead-time control logic that can effectively manage the energy storage and transfer of multi-stage capacitors, in order to achieve efficient extraction and reliable output of micro / nano energy.

[0023] To address the high voltage and high internal resistance characteristics of wind turbine generators (TENGs), this invention provides a dual energy harvesting method based on a series-parallel topology reconfiguration of a capacitor matrix in a wind-powered nanogenerator. This method achieves efficient energy management through the following strategies: First, a first-stage energy harvesting is employed, controlling the capacitor matrix to rapidly boost voltage in a series topology, efficiently accumulating energy in the high-voltage operating region of the TENG. Second, a second-stage energy harvesting is performed, reconfiguring the capacitor matrix into a parallel topology to release energy to the load with a lower voltage and a larger equivalent capacitance, thereby achieving inductor-free pre-step-down and usable voltage output. During this process, this invention introduces dead-time non-overlapping control to avoid through-circuit and hard short-circuit at nodes during topology switching. Combined with a load isolation strategy, energy release is decoupled from load demand to suppress switching impacts and backflow. Furthermore, a single-unit clamping mechanism is used to limit the voltage of individual units to improve series reliability, ultimately significantly improving the overall system efficiency, usable energy, and operational reliability.

[0024] The terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such as a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units, not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the technical features of the various embodiments or individual embodiments provided by the present invention can be arbitrarily combined to form new technical solutions. Such combinations are not bound by the order of steps and / or structural composition patterns, but must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dual energy harvesting system of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: a wind-powered nanogenerator (TENG), a rectifier bridge, a capacitor matrix (composed of C1, C2, ..., CN, where N≥2), a topology reconfiguration switch network, and a load isolation switch. The system includes output capacitor Cout and dead-time control logic. The topology reconfiguration switch network includes series topology switch Ms and parallel topology switches (Mp+, Mp-).

[0027] The wind-powered nanogenerator's output is connected to the rectifier bridge's input, the rectifier bridge's output is connected to a topology reconfiguration switch network, the topology reconfiguration switch network is connected to a capacitor matrix, and the capacitor matrix is ​​connected to a load disconnect switch. Connect the load Load and the output capacitor Cout. The output of the dead-time control logic is connected to the series topology switch Ms, the parallel topology switches Mp+ and Mp-, and the load isolation switch, respectively. The control terminal is used to output non-overlapping control signals to control the on and off timing of each switch.

[0028] The capacitor matrix comprises N capacitor units (N≥2). The topology reconfiguration switching network is configured to switch the N capacitor units into series connections, parallel connections, or a combination of partial series connections followed by parallel connections of the remaining units. For example, when N=4, two capacitor units can be connected in series to form one group, and another group can also consist of two capacitor units connected in series. These two groups can then be connected in parallel to form a "two-series, two-parallel" topology. By connecting some units in series and then in parallel, multiple reconfigurations can be achieved to adapt to different wind conditions and improve the output voltage range.

[0029] Preferably, clamping devices (ZD1…ZDN) are connected in parallel across both ends of each capacitor unit. In this embodiment, Zener diodes (ZD1, ZD2, …, ZDN) are used as clamping devices to limit the upper voltage limit of each individual capacitor, suppressing the risk of uneven voltage distribution and individual overvoltage failure caused by the dispersion of capacitor parameters during series charging. It should be noted that the clamping device is not limited to Zener diodes; transient voltage suppressor diodes (TVS), varistors, or other components with voltage clamping functions can also be used. In applications requiring high precision, voltage equalizing resistors can also be added in conjunction with the clamping devices.

[0030] The output capacitor Cout is connected in parallel with the load to store energy during parallel discharge and to provide energy buffering when the load experiences pulse power consumption. The load isolating switch Mpload remains off during the series charging and dead-time phases and turns on only during the parallel discharge phase to decouple the energy harvesting and energy release processes in time and to suppress current surges and energy backflow.

[0031] It should be noted that the implementation of the dead-time control logic is not limited to a specific circuit structure. It can be implemented using hardware logic circuits composed of RC delays and logic gates, or using firmware / software running on a microcontroller, digital signal processor, or FPGA, or using an integrated half-bridge driver chip. In this embodiment, a microcontroller is used as an example: the ADC input of the microcontroller is connected to the intermediate bus voltage detection circuit, and the GPIO output is connected to the control terminals of each switch; the internal timer of the microcontroller is used to generate the preset dead time, and the program outputs control signals according to the switching sequence, so that there is no time interval during which the series topology switches and the parallel topology switches are simultaneously turned on, and the load isolating switch remains off during the dead time.

[0032] Based on the above system, this invention provides a dual energy harvesting method. The capacitor matrix of the system consists of three units (C1, C2, C3), with each unit connected in parallel to Zener diodes ZD1, ZD2, and ZD3. The topology reconfiguration switch network includes a series path switch Ms and parallel path switches Mp+ and Mp-, and the load branch includes a load isolation switch M. load The load (Load) and output capacitor (Cout) are defined. The dual energy harvesting method is implemented through strict three-state control logic (series charging state, dead-zone protection state, and parallel discharging state), such as... Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0033] Step 1: The output of the wind-powered nanogenerator is rectified to obtain the intermediate bus voltage.

[0034] Specifically, the AC power output by the wind-powered nanogenerator is rectified by a rectifier bridge, forming an intermediate bus voltage at the output of the rectifier bridge.

[0035] Step 2: Perform the first stage of energy harvesting (series charging / state A).

[0036] Specifically, the control topology reconfiguration switch network enters a series charging state: the series topology switch Ms is turned on, while the parallel topology switches Mp+ and Mp- are turned off, and the load isolation switch Mpload is turned off. At this time, C1, C2, and C3 in the capacitor matrix form an end-to-end series connection through Ms. The intermediate bus voltage is applied to the series-connected capacitor matrix. The capacitor matrix then exhibits high-voltage, low-capacitor characteristics, matching the high-impedance source of the wind-powered nanogenerator, thereby rapidly increasing the intermediate bus voltage and efficiently accumulating energy, achieving the first stage of energy harvesting. During this process, if the voltage across a capacitor cell exceeds the breakdown voltage of its parallel Zener diode, the Zener diode turns on and clamps, preventing damage from overvoltage.

[0037] Step 3: When the intermediate bus voltage meets the preset conditions, execute dead-zone control (dead-zone protection / state B).

[0038] Specifically, the preset conditions include a preset upper threshold V. th,H With the preset lower threshold V th,L When the intermediate bus voltage rises to the preset upper threshold V th,H At this time, topology switching is initiated. To avoid hard short circuits and load backflow, the preferred shutdown sequence is executed: first, the load isolating switch M is turned off. load (If previously in the conducting state), disconnect the load circuit; then turn off the series topology switch Ms, and the system subsequently enters a full turn-off dead-time state, maintaining the preset dead-time t. d During the dead time, the series topology switch Ms, the parallel topology switches Mp+ and Mp-, and the load disconnect switch M... load Keep all devices off. This step ensures that all switching devices are completely turned off and that node potentials stabilize, avoiding transient short circuits and large currents during switching, and physically eliminating the path for a short circuit from the power supply to ground.

[0039] Dead time t d As a preset value, its determination principle must cover the turn-off delay and fall time of the switching device, the difference in drive propagation delay, and the parasitic capacitance discharge process. Specifically, the dead time should satisfy the formula... , where t margin This is a margin term used to cover variations in temperature, process, and parasitic parameters. These represent the off time of each switch.

[0040] In addition, the clamping devices set at both ends of each capacitor unit can limit the upper limit of the individual voltage and suppress individual overvoltage failure caused by uneven series voltage division; combined with the design that there is no time interval between the series topology switch and the parallel topology switch in the dead zone control and the load isolation switch remains off during the dead zone, the reliability of the system is further improved in high-voltage series charging and topology switching scenarios.

[0041] Step 4: After the dead time ends, perform the second energy harvest (parallel discharge / state C).

[0042] To control the topology reconfiguration switch network to enter a parallel discharge state, preferably, the parallel topology switches Mp+ and Mp- are first turned on, reconfiguring the capacitor units in the capacitor matrix into a parallel topology, forming a low-voltage, large-capacitor source. After the parallel topology is stably established (for example, after a small delay to complete internal charge balancing), the load isolation switch M is then turned on. loadAt this point, energy is released to the load in the form of low voltage and high current through the output capacitor Cout, achieving decoupling between energy release and load demand, and effectively suppressing the current surge during switching. Ideally, the equivalent voltage after parallel connection is approximately 1 / N of the series charging voltage, and the equivalent capacitance is approximately N times that of a single capacitor, thus achieving pre-step-down without inductors and enhancing power supply capability. The output capacitor Cout is connected in parallel with the load, which can store energy during parallel discharge and provide energy buffering when the load experiences pulse power consumption, stabilizing the load power supply.

[0043] Step 5: Repeat steps 2 to 4 based on the intermediate bus voltage or output status.

[0044] Specifically, when the intermediate bus voltage drops to a preset lower threshold V th,L When the output voltage reaches the target voltage, the system performs a reset operation: first, the load isolation switch M is turned off. load Then, the parallel topology switches Mp+ and Mp- are turned off, and the dead time is entered again (keeping all relevant switches off). After the dead time ends, return to step 2 to perform the first stage of energy harvesting, that is, turn on the series topology switch Ms to start the next round of series charging. This process is repeated to achieve efficient energy harvesting and continuous power supply under wide wind conditions.

[0045] In summary, this invention is based on a harvesting system comprising a wind-powered nanogenerator, a rectifier bridge, an intermediate energy storage capacitor matrix, a topology reconfiguration switch network, a load disconnect switch, an output capacitor, and dead-time control logic. First, the output of the wind-powered nanogenerator is rectified to perform the first stage of energy harvesting, charging the capacitor matrix in a series topology to quickly establish a high-voltage operating region with a small equivalent capacitance. Once a preset threshold is reached, the dead-time control logic switches the capacitor matrix to a parallel topology with non-overlapping timing, and closes the load disconnect switch, allowing the capacitor matrix to release energy to the load output capacitor under lower voltage and larger equivalent capacitance conditions, thus achieving the second stage of energy harvesting. The system further incorporates clamping branches at both ends of each individual capacitor to suppress uneven series voltage distribution and individual overvoltage; and avoids short-circuit conduction and reverse backflow risks during topology switching through dead-time control and load isolation. Through the aforementioned steps, this invention realizes a dual energy harvesting architecture of series charging (high voltage small capacitor) → dead zone (full shutdown) → parallel discharge (low voltage large capacitor). Combined with dead zone non-overlap control and load isolation, it eliminates the need for inductor components, reduces the conversion ratio of subsequent stages, and improves energy availability and conversion efficiency. It is suitable for power supply scenarios of self-powered sensor nodes and IoT devices.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual energy harvesting method based on a capacitor matrix series-parallel topology reconfiguration using a wind-powered nanogenerator, characterized in that, include: The output of the wind-powered nanogenerator is rectified to obtain the intermediate bus voltage; Perform the first stage of energy harvesting: control the topology reconfiguration switch network to enter the series charging state, so that the capacitor matrix forms a series topology and is charged; When the intermediate bus voltage meets the preset conditions, dead-time control is executed: the series topology switch is turned off, the parallel topology switch is turned off, and the load isolating switch is turned off, while maintaining the preset dead-time. After the dead zone ends, the second energy harvesting is performed: the control topology reconfiguration switch network enters the parallel discharge state, so that the capacitor matrix forms a parallel topology, and after the parallel topology is established, the load isolation switch is turned on, so that the capacitor matrix releases energy to the load and the output capacitor. Based on the intermediate bus voltage or output status, the first stage of energy harvesting is performed cyclically from the second stage of energy harvesting.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset conditions include a preset upper threshold and a preset lower threshold. When the intermediate bus voltage reaches the preset upper threshold, the system switches from series charging to parallel discharging. When the intermediate bus voltage drops to the preset lower threshold, the system switches from parallel discharging to series charging.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dead-time control generates a non-overlapping control signal, ensuring that there is no time interval during which the series topology switch and the parallel topology switch are simultaneously turned on.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When switching from a series topology to a parallel topology, the following steps are executed in sequence: turn off the load disconnect switch, turn off the series topology switch, maintain the preset dead time, turn on the parallel topology switch, and turn on the load disconnect switch; when switching from a parallel topology to a series topology, the following steps are executed in sequence: turn off the load disconnect switch, turn off the parallel topology switch, maintain the preset dead time, and turn on the series topology switch.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset dead time is determined based on the switching device turn-off delay, the difference in drive propagation delay, and / or the discharge and potential stabilization time of the node parasitic capacitance.

6. A dual energy harvesting system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a wind-powered nanogenerator, a rectifier bridge, a capacitor matrix, a topology reconfiguration switch network for switching between series and parallel topologies, a load disconnect switch, an output capacitor, and dead-time control logic. The output of the wind-powered nanogenerator is connected to the input of the rectifier bridge, the output of the rectifier bridge is connected to the topology reconfiguration switch network, the topology reconfiguration switch network is connected to the capacitor matrix, and the capacitor matrix is ​​connected to the load and the output capacitor via the load disconnect switch. The output of the dead-time control logic is connected to the control terminals of both the topology reconfiguration switch network and the load disconnect switch, and is configured to output a non-overlapping control signal, causing the topology reconfiguration switch network to maintain a preset dead time during topology switching and the load disconnect switch to remain off for the preset dead time.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The capacitor matrix includes N capacitor units, and the topology reconfiguration switch network is configured to switch the N capacitor units to a series connection, a parallel connection, or a connection mode in which some are connected in series and then the rest are connected in parallel.

8. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Clamping devices are provided at both ends of each capacitor unit in the capacitor matrix.

9. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output capacitor is connected in parallel with the load to store energy during parallel discharge and to provide energy buffering during load pulse power consumption.

10. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The load disconnect switch remains off during series charging and dead time, and turns on during parallel discharge.

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