A laser cutting process and apparatus for thick pipes combined with electrochemical jet slag removal

By using high-temperature resistant ceramic-based inner lining tubes and electrochemical jet slag removal technology in the laser cutting of thick-walled pipes, the problem of slag removal was solved, mechanical wear and equipment corrosion were avoided, and non-destructive slag removal and equipment protection were achieved.

CN122500348AActive Publication Date: 2026-08-04GUANGDONG UNIV OF TECH
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202611000076.3
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2026-07-07
Publication Date
2026-08-04
Estimated Expiration
2046-07-07

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

During the laser cutting of thick-walled pipes, the molten metal solidifies into slag, which is difficult to clean. Traditional mechanical slag removal methods are prone to damaging the pipe wall, and water vapor and salt spray can easily corrode the equipment when laser cutting and liquid slag removal are carried out alternately.

Method used

High-temperature resistant ceramic-based inner lining tubes are used as buffer materials. Combined with electrochemical jet slag removal technology, molten slag drips onto the surface of the buffer material during laser cutting. Subsequently, high-pressure electrolyte is sprayed by electrochemical jet to peel off the molten slag. Physical isolation and air curtain purging are used to prevent water vapor from escaping.

Benefits of technology

It achieves non-destructive removal of slag from the cut surface and inner wall, reduces pipe wear and the risk of micro-cracks, protects processing equipment, and extends equipment life.

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Abstract

This invention relates to the field of laser processing technology and discloses a laser cutting process and apparatus for thick-walled tubes combined with electrochemical jet slag removal. The process includes: an automatic buffer material feeding and recovery mechanism pushes a high-temperature resistant ceramic-based inner liner tube into the inner cavity of a thick-walled tube as a buffer material for laser cutting; after cutting, the buffer material is removed, a physical sliding isolation sealing door is closed in conjunction with a flexible clearance pad, and a positive pressure air curtain blowing device is activated to seal the processing area; the thick-walled tube is connected to the anode of a power source, and the inner and outer jet nozzles are connected to the cathode, spraying high-pressure sodium nitrate passivation electrolyte into the residual slag area. The slag removal mechanism, which combines physical shielding at the slag source with electrochemical anodic dissolution and high-pressure liquid flow flushing, eliminates the contact stress caused by mechanical hard cutting and avoids the problem of micro-cracks at the tube wall wear ports; a spatial isolation protection mechanism prevents salt spray from eroding the optical lenses of the fiber laser cutting head and the machine tool transmission guide, completing a non-destructive slag removal operation.
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