Space-ground linkage inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of heaven and earth linkage inter-satellite microwave energy scheduling system, belong to space microwave energy transmission technical field.System includes inter-satellite transmission satellite layer and ground receiving scheduling layer, inter-satellite layer contains the standardized energy transmission satellite of multiple orbit flexible deployment, is equipped with the multi-frequency band active phased array antenna array of common-aperture subarea, ground layer is composed of regional microwave ground transceiver station, can be connected external space power generation device and ground network.System and each node are equipped with bidirectional standardized microwave energy interface, support full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception, multi-target synchronous parallel energy supply;Single node can be independently operated, multiple nodes can be autonomously networked, not limited by orbit level and node type transmission, can automatically select optimal transmission path, realize satellite-ground two-way energy transmission and cross-regional full energy scheduling.

Description

I. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of space wireless energy transmission technology, and in particular to a space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system, and a universal standardized energy satellite and regional microwave ground transceiver station used in conjunction with the system. The universal standardized energy satellite can be flexibly configured as a medium-Earth orbit dispatching satellite or a low-Earth orbit transmission satellite according to deployment requirements, and can be adapted to other preset working orbits such as high orbit. It is suitable for all-domain energy supply in space, power supply for spacecraft and space stations in all orbits, power supply for low-altitude aircraft, power supply for marine and land-based application terminals, integrated space-ground energy bidirectional dispatching, and cross-regional wireless energy transmission scenarios. II. Background Technology

[0003] Currently, the energy supply of spacecraft and satellites in orbit mainly relies on their own solar panels and energy storage batteries. This is significantly affected by factors such as day-night cycles, orbital shadows, and solar activity, resulting in poor continuity and stability of energy supply. Furthermore, the large weight and volume of solar panels and their associated heat dissipation and support structures greatly limit the payload capacity of spacecraft, while also increasing launch costs and the risk of on-orbit failures, making it impossible to achieve long-term stable operation of spacecraft in orbit.

[0004] Existing space-based wireless power transmission technologies mostly employ a point-to-point fixed transmission mode of "single power generation device → single receiver." A single transmitting device can only power a single target or a small number of targets point-to-point, which cannot meet the multi-target synchronous parallel power supply needs of future large-scale on-orbit spacecraft clusters. In addition, existing space-to-ground energy transmission systems are mostly unidirectional transmission architectures, supporting only one-way energy transmission from space to the ground, and cannot realize the reverse transmission and on-orbit supply of surplus energy from the ground power grid to space; moreover, the system lacks a unified and compatible standardized interface, making it unable to adapt to the energy access of any external space power generation device, and making it difficult to form a large-scale, scalable space energy dispatch network.

[0005] Meanwhile, existing inter-satellite link technology is only used for communication data transmission and does not have the functions of two-way microwave energy transmission, autonomous networking, and global scheduling. Ground-based cross-regional energy scheduling is limited by geographical conditions and power grid architecture. Cross-continental energy transmission is costly and suffers from large link losses. It has not formed an integrated space-ground wireless energy scheduling system and cannot achieve two-way interaction, full coverage, and global optimized scheduling between space energy and the ground power grid. Furthermore, it cannot achieve flexible global energy scheduling with energy injection at any node and autonomous selection of the optimal transmission path. It is difficult to adapt to the future development needs of an integrated space-air-sea energy network. III. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of unstable energy supply, strong system dependence, single transmission mode, inability to achieve two-way scheduling between space and ground, and difficulty in meeting the needs of large-scale multi-target synchronous energy supply in existing space and ground energy supply systems, this invention provides a space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy scheduling system. This system enables independent operation of each node, two-way energy transmission between space and ground, flexible scheduling across regions, and synchronous parallel energy supply for multiple targets. It is also compatible with standardized access to microwave energy output from external space power generation devices, thus constructing a stable and reliable integrated space-ground wireless energy scheduling system with full coverage.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention adopts a layered, independent, and networkable architecture design with integrated space and ground systems. The overall system scheme, core nodes, and supporting technical features are described below:

[0008] 1. Overall System Technical Solution

[0009] The space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system of the present invention consists of two main components: an inter-satellite transmission satellite layer and a ground receiving and dispatching layer. It also reserves external interfaces for compatible docking, which can be adapted to the energy access of any external space power generation device and the energy supply needs of various energy supply application terminals.

[0010] This system adopts a universal standardized interface design for all nodes. All nodes in the inter-satellite transmission satellite layer and the ground receiving and scheduling layer are equipped with a unified bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input and output interface, breaking the transmission limitations of traditional space-ground energy transmission systems based on orbital levels and node types. The core component of the inter-satellite transmission satellite layer is energy satellites that can be flexibly deployed in medium Earth orbit and low Earth orbit. All satellites are universal standardized energy satellites suitable for this system, and their power and size are only adjusted according to different deployment orbits. At the same time, they can be flexibly adapted to other preset working orbits such as high Earth orbit according to deployment requirements. Each satellite is equipped with a common aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array, which can independently complete the reception, scheduling and transmission of external microwave energy. It can operate independently as a single satellite, or form an independent single-layer energy network with multiple satellites in the same orbit, or form a global inter-satellite energy network through cross-orbit linkage. It can complete autonomous networking and operation without relying on other satellites or ground transceivers outside the system, and can complete inter-satellite power supply and energy relay transmission within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area.

[0011] The ground receiving and dispatching layer consists of multiple regional microwave ground transceiver stations. In addition to being equipped with a bidirectional standardized microwave energy input and output interface that is consistent with the inter-satellite system, each ground transceiver station is also equipped with a standardized wired cable grid connection interface. It can receive microwave energy transmitted from space and convert it into industrial frequency AC power to be connected to the ground power grid, or it can obtain surplus energy from the ground power grid and convert it into high-power microwaves to be transmitted into space. A single ground transceiver station can independently complete energy transmission and reception, while multiple ground transceiver stations can be networked to form a regional energy network, completing the matching of energy supply and demand and relay transmission within its own line-of-sight microwave coverage area.

[0012] This system supports energy injection from any node. It automatically selects the optimal transmission path based on the energy supply and demand status of each node and the availability of line-of-sight links. Path selection follows three priorities: direct line-of-sight links first, links with the fewest relay hops first, and links with the shortest transmission distance first. Energy transmission is only completed when a direct link is interrupted due to obstruction, automatically matching a relay link from an adjacent node. Any two line-of-sight reachable nodes within microwave transmission coverage can directly establish a point-to-point energy transmission link through a unified standardized interface. There are no transmission restrictions based on orbital level or node type, enabling bidirectional free energy transmission across all levels (Ground, LEO, MEO, GEO). All nodes can simultaneously complete full-duplex energy reception and transmission, providing parallel energy supply to multiple targets within their coverage area, ultimately achieving two-way satellite-to-ground interaction and cross-regional global energy scheduling.

[0013] 2. Core Node Technical Solution

[0014] The core nodes of this system include medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellites, low-Earth orbit transmission satellites, and regional microwave ground transceivers. All nodes are equipped with a unified bidirectional standardized microwave energy input and output interface. Each node can independently complete energy transmission and reception and scheduling work, and can also be flexibly networked to form an energy transmission network covering the entire region.

[0015] Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO) scheduling satellite: This is a standardized onboard system deployed in MEO. It can be flexibly deployed in any preset MEO working orbit. The satellite's onboard platform integrates a common-aperture, regionally segmented, multi-band active phased array antenna array, a bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface, an energy receiving and rectification module, an energy scheduling processing module, an energy transmitting and power amplification module, and a multi-angle, multi-beam microwave control front-end. Each MEO scheduling satellite can receive microwave energy from any external space power generation device through a standardized interface. A single satellite can independently complete full-duplex synchronous microwave energy transmission and reception, supporting autonomous operation without relying on any other orbital satellites or regional microwave ground transceivers outside this system. Multiple MEO scheduling satellites can form an independent MEO energy network through inter-satellite links. Within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area, the satellite can synchronously and parallelly supply energy to other satellites in any orbit within this system, various on-orbit spacecraft, space stations, ground transceivers, low-altitude vehicles, and ground application terminals. It can also serve as a core energy scheduling node, completing energy relay across inter-satellite and space-to-ground links and cross-regional remote energy scheduling.

[0016] Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Transmission Satellite: This is a standardized onboard system deployed in LEO for this system. It is a general-purpose standardized energy satellite of the same type as the aforementioned Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) scheduling satellite. Their hardware architecture, core functional modules, and bidirectional standardized microwave energy input / output interfaces are completely identical. It can be flexibly deployed in any preset LEO working orbit, with only the power and size adjusted according to the LEO deployment scenario. The integrated modules of the satellite's onboard platform are completely identical to those of the MEO scheduling satellite. Each LEO transmission satellite can receive microwave energy from any external space-based power generation device through a standardized interface. A single satellite can independently complete full-duplex synchronous microwave energy transmission and reception, operating autonomously without relying on other satellites or ground transceivers outside this system. Multiple LEO transmission satellites can form an independent LEO energy network through inter-satellite links. The satellite can synchronously and in parallel supply power to other satellites, various on-orbit spacecraft, space stations, ground transceivers, low-altitude aircraft, and ground application terminals in any orbit within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area. It can also serve as a core relay node between satellites and ground stations and between satellites to complete the entire energy relay transmission. The supporting multi-angle multi-beam microwave control front end can flexibly adapt to the energy transmission needs of different types and orbits of power supply targets.

[0017] Regional microwave ground transceiver stations: These are standardized energy transceiver devices deployed on the ground for this system. They are equipped with bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interfaces, standardized wired cable grid connection interfaces, rectifier modules, voltage regulation units, buffer energy storage units, bidirectional grid-connected converters and synchronous phase-locked loop control units, electro-to-microwave power amplifier and transmitter units, and central telemetry and control consoles. The ground transceiver station can receive microwave energy transmitted from space via the microwave interface, convert it into industrial frequency AC power for connection to the ground power grid, or obtain surplus energy from the ground power grid via the grid connection interface and convert it into high-power microwaves for transmission into space. A single ground transceiver station can operate independently, while multiple stations can be networked to form a regional energy network, supporting same-level energy dispatch without relying on satellites outside the system. The ground transceiver station can synchronously and parallelly supply energy to satellites in any orbit, various on-orbit spacecraft, space stations, low-altitude aircraft, and marine and land-based energy application terminals within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area. It can also serve as a core ground energy node to complete two-way energy relay between space and ground. The supporting buffer energy storage unit includes supercapacitors, flywheel energy storage devices, and battery packs, which can stabilize the energy transmitted between space and ground. After the space microwave energy is converted into electrical energy, it is connected to the power grid after voltage stabilization. The surplus electrical energy on the ground is converted into microwave energy after voltage stabilization and then uploaded for dispatch, ensuring the stability and reliability of energy transmission throughout the entire process.

[0018] 3. System-wide core satellite technology solution

[0019] The core component of this system is a general-purpose full-duplex multi-target energy satellite. The aforementioned medium-Earth orbit (MEO) scheduling satellite and low-Earth orbit (LEO) transmission satellite are application forms of this general-purpose satellite adapted to its deployment orbit. This satellite is a general-purpose standardized energy satellite that can operate independently within this system. It can be flexibly deployed in any preset working orbit of LEO, MEO, or GEO. Depending on the deployment scenario, it can be configured as a MEO scheduling satellite or a LEO transmission satellite, and its power and size can be flexibly adapted and adjusted according to the requirements of the deployment orbit. The satellite's onboard platform integrates a bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface, a common-aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array, an energy receiving and rectification module, an energy scheduling and processing module, an energy transmitting and power amplification module, and a multi-angle multi-beam microwave control front end.

[0020] Each general-purpose satellite can receive microwave energy from any external space-based power generation device via a standardized bidirectional microwave energy input / output interface. A single satellite can independently complete full-duplex synchronous microwave energy transmission and reception, supporting autonomous operation without relying on any other orbital satellites or regional microwave ground transceivers outside the system. Within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage, it can synchronously and parallelly supply energy to multiple targets, including multiple on-orbit satellites, various spacecraft, ground application terminals, and regional microwave ground transceivers. Multiple general-purpose satellites can form independent energy networks in the same or across orbits through inter-satellite links. They can act as energy nodes to complete energy relay between satellites and between satellites and the ground, establishing energy transmission links with any node within line-of-sight range, without transmission limitations based on orbital level or node type, enabling flexible deployment across all orbits and adaptable applications across all scenarios.

[0021] 4. System optimization and supporting technical solutions

[0022] Furthermore, the system reserves a standardized external microwave energy access interface. This interface does not have independent power generation capabilities; it is specifically designed to connect to microwave energy output from any external space-based power generation device, enabling standardized access to external microwave energy and its integration into the system for unified scheduling. Furthermore, the medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellite and the low-Earth orbit transmission satellite share completely unified hardware architecture, core functional modules, and bidirectional standardized microwave energy input / output interfaces. Both are equipped with a common-aperture, regionally segmented, multi-band active phased array antenna, which can stably support full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception of microwave energy, ensuring the stable realization of inter-satellite energy relay and multi-target synchronous parallel power supply.

[0023] Furthermore, the low-orbit transmission satellite is equipped with a multi-angle, multi-beam microwave control front end, which can flexibly adapt to different orbital altitudes and different types of power supply targets, and can provide stable energy transmission services for spacecraft in orbit, regional microwave ground transceivers, low-altitude aircraft and ground application terminals in any orbit.

[0024] Furthermore, the regional microwave ground transceiver station is equipped with a buffer energy storage unit including a supercapacitor, a flywheel energy storage device, and a battery pack, which is used to stabilize the energy transmitted between space and ground: microwave energy transmitted from space is converted into electrical energy and then connected to the ground power grid after voltage stabilization; surplus electrical energy obtained from the ground power grid is converted into microwave energy after voltage stabilization and then uploaded for scheduling, ensuring the stability of the two-way energy transmission between space and ground throughout the process.

[0025] Furthermore, the regional microwave ground transceiver station can convert surplus ground energy into microwave energy and upload it to any orbital satellite within the system within the line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area. Through the inter-satellite link network, it can realize cross-regional remote energy scheduling and transmit energy to regional microwave ground transceiver stations or spacecraft in orbit in other regions, thereby achieving flexible cross-regional and global allocation of ground energy.

[0026] Furthermore, the medium-orbit scheduling satellite can complete inter-satellite energy relay according to energy supply and demand requirements. It can directly transmit energy to space targets within the line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area, corresponding low-orbit transmission satellites, and regional microwave ground transceivers. It can also transmit energy to regional microwave ground transceivers via low-orbit transmission satellite relay, flexibly realizing cross-regional remote energy scheduling.

[0027] Furthermore, this system operates in the millimeter-wave band, with satellite-to-ground transmission covering the entire orbital range accessible by line of sight. The inter-satellite transmission distance can be adaptively adjusted according to orbital altitude. Both the medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellite and the low-Earth orbit transmission satellite can synchronously and in parallel supply power to multiple target terminals within their own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage, stably achieving two-way energy transmission and global scheduling between satellite and ground.

[0028] Beneficial effects

[0029] This invention addresses the pain points of existing space-based wireless energy transmission and ground-based energy dispatch systems, such as poor supply stability, single transmission mode, strong system dependence, inability to achieve two-way dispatch between space and ground, and difficulty in meeting the needs of large-scale, multi-target synchronous energy supply. Through a space-ground integrated, layered, independent, and networkable architecture, a standardized satellite design applicable to the entire system, a unified two-way standardized microwave energy interface for each node, and a full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception and intelligent path dispatch design, it brings the following beneficial technical effects:

[0030] 1. System stability and resilience are significantly improved.

[0031] The system adopts a layered architecture consisting of a mid-orbit scheduling layer, a low-orbit transmission layer, and a ground receiving and scheduling layer. Each layer can operate independently or collaboratively. Each node can work independently without interdependence, and the failure of a single node does not affect the overall system operation, effectively alleviating the problem of traditional systems relying on core nodes and experiencing system-wide paralysis due to the failure of one node. The system can operate autonomously without external satellites, ground stations, or other third-party equipment, significantly improving its operational autonomy and anti-interference capabilities.

[0032] 2. Highly versatile, flexible in expansion, and offers broad protection.

[0033] The entire satellite system adopts a universal, standardized design, with highly unified core configurations, functions, and performance. Only power and size adjustments are needed to adapt to different deployment orbits, facilitating flexible deployment in pre-set low-Earth orbit, medium-Earth orbit, and high-Earth orbit working orbits. A single satellite possesses complete energy transmission, reception, scheduling, and networking capabilities; multiple satellites can network in the same orbit and coordinate across orbits. Coverage and transmission distance can be adaptively adjusted according to power, facilitating subsequent expansion, upgrades, and adaptation to multiple scenarios. The protection range is not limited by orbital altitude or fixed deployment methods. Each node uses a unified bidirectional standardized microwave energy input / output interface, compatible with microwave energy output from any compliant external space power generation device. Full-domain grid-connected scheduling can be achieved without significant modifications, demonstrating extremely high adaptability and scalability.

[0034] 3. Strong ability for two-way dispatching between space and ground, and cross-regional energy allocation.

[0035] Breaking the limitations of traditional unidirectional energy transmission systems, this system enables bidirectional energy transfer across all levels—Ground, Low Earth Orbit, Medium Earth Orbit, and High Earth Orbit. Surplus electricity from the ground power grid can be converted into microwave energy and uploaded to space via satellite networks. Energy collected in space can be transmitted back to the ground power grid for grid connection. The system can inject energy from any node and automatically select the optimal transmission path based on the energy supply and demand status of each node and the availability of line-of-sight links. This allows for flexible energy allocation across regions, continents, and orbits, overcoming geographical and spatial limitations and achieving optimized energy configuration across the entire domain.

[0036] 4. Full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception, multi-target parallel power supply, resulting in higher transmission efficiency.

[0037] Each node supports full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception of microwave energy, enabling simultaneous reception, forwarding, and scheduling, and the transmission link can maintain continuous and stable operation. A single satellite or a single regional microwave ground transceiver station can simultaneously supply power to multiple target terminals within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area, which can meet the simultaneous power supply needs of large-scale spacecraft clusters and multiple types of mobile terminals, significantly improving power supply efficiency and coverage.

[0038] 5. More stable energy transmission and higher energy quality

[0039] The regional microwave ground transceiver station is equipped with a buffer energy storage unit consisting of a supercapacitor, a flywheel energy storage device, and a battery pack. This unit can rectify, stabilize, and smooth the energy transmitted between the satellite and the ground, effectively suppressing current fluctuations and improving the stability of energy conversion and transmission. The system operates in the millimeter-wave band, and the satellite-to-ground transmission covers the entire orbital range accessible by line of sight. The inter-satellite transmission distance can be adaptively adjusted according to the orbital altitude, further enhancing the stability and reliability of energy transmission.

[0040] 6. Significantly reduces the payload of spacecraft in orbit and extends their on-orbit lifespan.

[0041] It can provide continuous and stable wireless microwave energy for various on-orbit spacecraft, space stations, and low-altitude vehicles in high, medium, and low orbits, which can significantly reduce the need for large-area solar panels and large-capacity energy storage systems that traditional spacecraft require. Spacecraft only need to be equipped with suitable microwave receiving modules, rectification and voltage regulation units, and energy storage units to meet operational requirements, which can effectively reduce the weight and volume of spacecraft, improve the payload ratio, operational safety, and on-orbit life.

[0042] 7. Flexible deployment and wide adaptability to all scenarios

[0043] The system has a simple architecture. A single general-purpose standardized energy satellite can be deployed and operated independently in a pre-set working orbit between satellites, and a single regional microwave ground transceiver station can operate independently. The system supports both intra-orbit networking and cross-orbit linkage, and can also realize the coordinated linkage of multiple ground transceiver stations. It is suitable for a variety of scenarios such as fixed power supply for on-orbit spacecraft, off-grid power supply in remote areas, emergency disaster relief energy guarantee, cross-regional power grid peak shaving, and deep space exploration energy relay, with a wide range of adaptability.

[0044] 8. Enables wireless power supply across the entire terrestrial and ground domains, significantly reducing reliance on wired infrastructure and allowing for flexible terminal adaptation.

[0045] Through joint coverage by inter-satellite satellites and regional microwave ground transceivers, wireless power supply across the entire ground domain can be achieved. This technology is widely applicable to various civilian and military ground terminals, including new energy vehicles, rail transit vehicles, electric bicycles, ships, civilian drones, and portable electronic devices. It eliminates the need for numerous dedicated charging piles and fixed charging stations, significantly reducing the need for overhead cables and underground power transmission lines in cities, lowering urban infrastructure and maintenance costs, and optimizing urban spatial layout. Various ground terminals only need to be configured with microwave receiving modules, rectifier and voltage regulator units, and energy storage units of appropriate sizes according to their power requirements. They can operate independently of traditional wired charging devices, offering flexible adaptation and ease of use. It can provide continuous and stable wireless microwave power services to mobile targets across all land, sea, and air scenarios, including mobile spacecraft, low-altitude aircraft, land vehicles, ships, and maritime platforms, effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional power supply modes in terms of range and charging, and significantly expanding the application boundaries of wireless power in both civilian and military fields. IV. Description of the attached drawings

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the principle of the transceiver processing module of the general-purpose standardized energy satellite in this system;

[0048] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the energy transmission and reception and bidirectional grid connection principle of a regional microwave ground transceiver station.

[0049] Figure reference numerals:

[0050] 100-External Space Power Generation Device

[0051] 110-Medium Orbit Scheduling Satellite

[0052] 120-Low Earth Orbit Transmission Satellite

[0053] 130 - Regional Microwave Ground Transceiver Station

[0054] 140-Low-altitude aircraft and ground application terminal

[0055] 150-Spacecraft and Space Platforms

[0056] 210-Common Aperture Regional Multi-Band Active Phased Array Antenna

[0057] 220-Energy Receiving and Rectifying Module

[0058] 230-Energy Dispatch Processing Module

[0059] 240 - Energy Emission and Power Amplification Module

[0060] 250-Multi-angle Multi-beam Microwave Control Front End

[0061] 310-Microwave Transceiver Combined Antenna Array

[0062] 320-Microwave Transceiver Duplexer and Channel Switching Unit

[0063] 330-Rectifier Module

[0064] 340-DC Busbar and Voltage Regulator

[0065] 350-Buffer Energy Storage Unit (Supercapacitor, Flywheel Energy Storage, Battery Pack)

[0066] 360-Electro-to-Microwave Power Amplifier Transmitter Unit

[0067] 370-Bidirectional Grid-Connected Converter and Synchronous Phase-Locked Control Unit

[0068] 380-Grid Connection Interface

[0069] 390-Central Measurement and Control and Transceiver Control Console V. Detailed Implementation Methods

[0070] This invention discloses a space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system, belonging to the field of space microwave energy transmission technology. It aims to address the technical pain points of existing space energy transmission systems, such as strong orbital hierarchy limitations, inability of nodes to operate independently, unidirectional fixed transmission links, weak cross-regional dispatching capabilities, inability to achieve synchronous parallel power supply to multiple targets, and inability to provide seamless and continuous power replenishment for mobile terminals. The specific implementation methods of this invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this invention but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. All equivalent substitutions, detailed modifications, and adaptations made by those skilled in the art based on the technical solutions of this invention without creative effort should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0071] The core architecture of this invention corresponds to the appendix Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system, including the inter-satellite transmission satellite layer, the ground receiving and dispatching layer, and dockable external space power generation devices and various energy supply application terminals; the internal core module principle of the general-purpose standardized energy satellite is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the transceiver processing module for the general-purpose standardized energy satellite in this system represents the universal standardized hardware architecture for all satellites; the corresponding internal core module principle of the regional microwave ground transceiver station is attached. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the energy transmission and reception and bidirectional grid connection principle of a regional microwave ground transceiver station represents a universal standardized hardware architecture for all ground transceivers.

[0072] The internal core module principle of the universal standardized energy satellite of this invention corresponds to the appendix. Figure 2 This is a general standardized hardware architecture for medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellite 110 and low-Earth orbit transmission satellite 120. The core includes a common aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array 210, an energy receiving and rectification module 220, an energy scheduling and processing module 230, an energy transmitting and power amplification module 240, and a multi-angle multi-beam microwave control front end 250, which are connected in sequence. The output end is connected back to 210 to form a complete full-duplex transmit and receive closed-loop link, which can simultaneously complete the reception and transmission of microwave energy and realize the synchronous parallel power supply of multiple targets.

[0073] The internal core module principle of the regional microwave ground transceiver station 130 of this invention is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 This is a standardized hardware architecture for all ground transceiver stations, with core components including a microwave transceiver shared antenna array 310, a microwave transceiver shared duplexer and channel switching unit 320, a rectifier module 330, a DC converter and voltage regulator unit 340, a buffer energy storage unit 350, an electro-to-microwave power amplifier and transmitter unit 360, a bidirectional grid-connected converter and synchronous phase-locked loop control unit 370, a grid-connected interface 380, and a central telemetry and control console 390. (Appendix) Figure 3In the architecture shown, the central telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) control console 390 is the local core control unit of this regional microwave ground transceiver station. It is responsible for the station's energy transmission and reception scheduling, link status management, and grid connection control, realizing independent operation of a single node and coordinated network management. The downlink energy link (space-to-ground) is: 310→320→330→340→350→370→380→wired terrestrial power grid; the uplink energy link (space-to-space) is: wired terrestrial power grid→380→370→350→360→320→310, realizing independent bidirectional energy transmission between space and ground.

[0074] In the following embodiments, all module numbers correspond to the appendix. Figure 1-3 The attached figure label list does not need to repeat the full name of the module.

[0075] All core nodes in this invention (medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellites, low-Earth orbit transmission satellites, and regional microwave ground transceivers) are all-type, non-differentiated power supply nodes, with no mandatory power supply targets or transmission level restrictions. Any two nodes that are within line of sight, microwave transmission coverage, and power-matched can directly establish a point-to-point energy transmission link without needing other relay nodes. During system operation, the system strictly follows preset optimal transmission path priority rules: line-of-sight direct links take priority, links with the fewest relay hops take priority, and links with the shortest transmission distance take priority. Transmission is only completed using the relay link with the fewest hops when a direct link is blocked and interrupted. This system does not have autonomous power generation capabilities; it only completes the access, scheduling, transmission, and relay of external energy through standardized interfaces. All nodes support independent operation of a single node and autonomous networking of multiple nodes, and can flexibly adapt to various energy scheduling scenarios for fixed and mobile terminals.

[0076] Example 1: System Overall Architecture and General Node Operation Implementation Method

[0077] This embodiment details the overall operating logic of the space-ground inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system of the present invention and the core working mode of the general node.

[0078] All core nodes of this system have the ability to operate independently and form networks autonomously: a single 110, 120, or 130 satellite can independently complete the entire process of energy transmission, reception, scheduling, and power supply without relying on any other equipment outside the system; multiple satellites in the same orbit can form an independent single-layer energy network, satellites in different orbits can form a global inter-satellite energy network through cross-orbit linkage, and multiple 130 satellites can be networked to form a regional ground energy network. Network operation does not affect the independent power supply capability of a single node.

[0079] For satellite nodes, the core functionality is achieved through a 210-antenna array. This array employs a common-aperture, segmented design, allowing for the independent division of receiving and transmitting areas. Combined with a closed-loop link, it enables full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception of microwave energy. This means that while receiving external microwave energy, the satellite can simultaneously supply power to multiple satellites and application terminals within its line-of-sight coverage area without switching transmission / reception modes. The energy reception path involves external microwaves being received by the 210 antenna, then rectified and scheduled by the 220 and 230 antennas. The energy transmission path involves the energy to be transmitted being distributed by the 230 antenna, then amplified and beam-controlled by the 240 and 250 antennas, and finally transmitted directionally to the target node via the 210 antenna, achieving energy relay and synchronous power supply to multiple targets.

[0080] For ground station nodes, the 380 is the only bidirectional standard interface for this system to connect with the wired terrestrial power grid, serving as the core hub for the entry and exit of terrestrial energy. The ground station is equipped with comprehensive supporting facilities. Figure 3 The complete functional link integrates a 320 microwave transceiver shared duplexer and channel switching unit, a 330 rectifier module, a 340 DC converter and voltage regulation unit, a 350 buffer energy storage unit, a 360 electro-to-microwave power amplifier and transmitter unit, and a 370 bidirectional grid-connected converter and synchronous phase-locked control unit. The entire process is uniformly scheduled, managed, and networked by a 390 central measurement and control and transceiver control console. All 300 serial number units work in a closed loop with no functional gaps or breaks. In the downlink, the space microwave is received by 310, then undergoes channel sorting and switching by 320, unified rectification by 330, voltage stabilization and current combining by 340, short-term buffer energy storage by 350, and synchronous grid connection adaptation by 370, completing the microwave-to-electricity conversion. Finally, it is connected to the ground power grid through 380. In the uplink, the surplus ground power is connected by 380, then undergoes grid connection and synchronous verification by 370, stable voltage stabilization and buffering by 350, power amplification and boosting by 360, and isolation switching of the transceiver channel by 320, completing the electricity-to-microwave conversion. It is then directionally transmitted by 310 to any satellite node within the line-of-sight coverage area.

[0081] Example 2: Implementation of Inter-Satellite Global Energy Dispatch and Single-Satellite Independent Operation

[0082] This embodiment details the implementation method of inter-satellite energy scheduling within space for this system.

[0083] When the external space power generation device 100 generates microwave energy, it can transmit the energy to the 110 or 120 satellites within its line-of-sight coverage range or to a single satellite of this system deployed in any orbit through the standardized external microwave energy access interface reserved by this system. This system does not have the function of autonomous power generation; it only completes the access, scheduling, and transmission of external energy.

[0084] After completing energy conversion and scheduling planning, the receiving satellite can simultaneously perform three core actions without any timing conflicts: First, it can continuously receive external energy, simultaneously receiving microwave energy transmitted from 100 and other satellite nodes; second, it can autonomously network between satellites, with multiple 110 satellites forming an independent medium-Earth orbit energy network, and multiple 120 satellites forming an independent low-Earth orbit energy network, or forming a global inter-satellite energy network through cross-orbit linkage, achieving real-time sharing of energy status across the entire constellation; third, it can provide synchronous power supply without discrimination, directly and synchronously supplying power to any target within its line-of-sight coverage range. The power supply targets are not limited by any orbital level or node type, including but not limited to 150 spacecraft and space platforms, other on-orbit satellites, 140 low-altitude aircraft and ground application terminals, and 130 ground transceivers. As long as there is no obstruction in line of sight and the power is matched, direct power supply can be achieved without any relay nodes.

[0085] When the target terminal is not within the line-of-sight coverage of the current receiving satellite or the direct link is blocked, the system automatically matches the optimal transmission path and transmits energy to the adjacent relay satellite through the inter-satellite microwave link. It strictly follows the rule of the minimum number of relay hops and transmits the energy to the satellite covering the target terminal through the minimum number of satellites. Then, the satellite supplies energy to the target terminal on demand, realizing energy scheduling in the entire orbital range of space.

[0086] In this embodiment, each of the 110 and 120 satellites can independently complete the entire process of energy transmission, reception, scheduling, and launch without relying on any other nodes. Multiple satellites can be flexibly networked to form a fully covered space energy scheduling network, which can adapt to the power needs of various on-orbit space terminals and supply microwave energy of corresponding power as needed. The terminal only needs to be equipped with a microwave energy receiving and rectifying module and an energy storage unit to achieve continuous and stable power supply. Even if the transmission link is temporarily blocked, it can still maintain continuous operation through the energy storage unit.

[0087] Example 3: Implementation of Ground-to-Space Two-Way Cross-Regional Energy Dispatch

[0088] This embodiment details the implementation method of the ground-space two-way cross-regional energy dispatch of this system.

[0089] When there is surplus power in a certain area's ground power grid, bidirectional energy dispatch can be achieved through the 130 system in that area. The specific implementation methods are divided into two categories: direct transmission and cross-regional relay transmission, which are strictly executed according to the optimal path rules.

[0090] One method is line-of-sight direct transmission. When the target power supply node is unobstructed by the line of sight of the 130, microwave coverage is available, and power is matched, a zero-relay direct link is preferred. After the surplus power is connected via the 380, the 390 coordinates the network-wide collaborative management and timing, and links the 370, 350, and 360 to start and stop the entire link in a coordinated manner. The power-to-microwave conversion is completed via the uplink, and the power is directly transmitted to the target node via the 310. The target nodes include, but are not limited to, the 120, 110, 150, and 140. No satellite relay nodes are required, which completely breaks the orbital level limitation of the traditional solution.

[0091] Secondly, there is cross-regional relay transmission. When the direct link between the target area and the transmission area is blocked by the Earth and is unreachable by line of sight, a relay link with the fewest hops is used to complete cross-regional scheduling: surplus electrical energy is connected via the 380 satellite, converted into microwave energy via the uplink, and transmitted uplink to the 120 or 110 satellites within the line-of-sight coverage area. The system automatically selects the optimal transmission path, completes cross-regional relay transmission via inter-satellite microwave links, and transmits the energy to satellites within the target area's coverage area. Then, it is transmitted downlink via space-to-ground microwave links to the 130 satellite in the target area. After receiving the downlink microwave energy, the 130 satellite in the target area completes microwave-to-electrical energy conversion via the downlink and finally connects to the ground power grid of the target area via the 380 satellite, completing cross-regional and intercontinental energy scheduling and grid-connected power supply. This mode can further reduce transmission loss by optimizing transmission power and improving antenna performance, adapting to cross-regional energy scheduling needs of different scales.

[0092] Meanwhile, this embodiment enables two-way energy transfer between the ground and space: microwave energy generated by Space 100 can be transmitted down to the ground power grid via inter-satellite and space-to-ground links to supplement the ground power shortage; surplus power from the ground power grid can also be transmitted up to space via Space 130 to power space terminals such as spacecraft and space stations in orbit, forming a closed-loop energy dispatch system between space and ground.

[0093] Example 4: Implementation of Undifferentiated Synchronous Power Supply for Multiple Terminals Across the Entire Space

[0094] This embodiment details the implementation method of synchronous power supply for multiple types of terminals throughout the entire space.

[0095] The system can cover a wide range of power supply terminals, including spacecraft and space platforms 150, low-altitude aircraft and ground application terminals 140, on-orbit spacecraft, space stations, offshore mobile platforms, and land-based emergency power supply terminals. All power supply terminals do not need to be equipped with traditional solar power panels. They only need to be equipped with matching microwave energy receiving modules, rectifier modules, and energy storage units to connect to the system and obtain a stable power supply. This greatly simplifies the terminal hardware structure and reduces maintenance costs and range limitations for on-orbit operation and cross-regional operations.

[0096] All power supply nodes in this system are versatile, non-discriminatory power supply nodes, without any fixed power supply targets or power supply path limitations: 110 medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellites and 120 low-Earth orbit transmission satellites can control 210 common-aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna arrays to generate multiple independent directional microwave beams through a 250-angle multi-beam microwave control front end. Within their own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage range, they can synchronously and parallelly supply power to multiple target terminals. They can simultaneously provide microwave energy with matched power to on-orbit spacecraft at different orbital altitudes, low-altitude aircraft in different airspaces, and ground application terminals in different regions. 130 regional microwave ground transceiver stations can generate multiple beams through a 310 microwave transceiver shared antenna array. Within their own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage range, they can synchronously and parallelly supply power to multiple targets such as low-altitude aircraft, maritime mobile platforms, land emergency terminals, and on-orbit spacecraft.

[0097] When any terminal issues a power demand, the system automatically searches for surplus energy nodes throughout the network and strictly follows the optimal transmission path priority rule. It prioritizes matching energy nodes that are directly connected to the demanding terminal within line of sight to establish a point-to-point transmission link. Only when the direct link is unavailable will it match the link with the fewest relay hops to complete the power supply. The entire process does not require hopping according to fixed track levels or fixed node types, minimizing transmission loss and ensuring power supply stability.

[0098] In this embodiment, the system operates in the millimeter-wave band, with space-to-ground transmission covering the entire orbital range within line-of-sight. The inter-satellite transmission distance adaptively adjusts with orbital altitude. Both the 110 medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellite and the 120 low-Earth orbit transmission satellite can adaptively output matching microwave energy according to the actual power requirements of the power-consuming terminals, synchronously powering multiple target terminals within their own line-of-sight coverage range, achieving continuous and stable power supply to all space terminals. Embodiment 5: Single-Node Independent Operation Implementation This embodiment details the implementation method of single-node independent operation of this system, strengthening the core characteristic of single-node independent operation.

[0099] The general-purpose full-duplex multi-target energy satellite described in this embodiment is a general-purpose standardized energy satellite that can operate independently in this system. It can be flexibly deployed in any preset working orbit of low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and high Earth orbit. It can be configured as 110 or 120 depending on the deployment scenario. Its power and size can be adapted and adjusted according to the deployment orbit requirements. Its hardware configuration, core functions, and interface standards are completely consistent with all satellites in this system.

[0100] A single general-purpose standardized energy satellite can independently complete the entire process of energy transmission, reception, and scheduling without relying on any other orbital satellites or ground transceivers outside the system. The satellite receives microwave energy from external space power generation device 100 and microwave energy transmitted from other nodes through its own configured bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface. The energy is then rectified and scheduled through a 210 common-aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array, a 220 energy receiving and rectification module, and a 230 energy scheduling and processing module. Power amplification and beam control are then completed through a 240 energy transmitting and power amplification module and a 250 multi-angle multi-beam microwave control front end. Finally, the satellite transmits energy synchronously and in parallel to multiple targets within its line-of-sight coverage area through a 210 module, achieving full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception.

[0101] Similarly, a single 130 regional microwave ground transceiver station can also operate independently without relying on other satellites or ground stations. It can fully integrate the complete set of ground hardware units of 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, and 380. The entire process is independently managed by 390, including all energy scheduling, link switching, and local networking of the station. It completes the microwave conversion and uplink transmission of surplus ground power, as well as the rectification, conversion, and grid connection of downlink microwave energy from space in a closed loop.

[0102] Example 6: Implementation of On-Demand Power Supply for Mobile Terminals and Dynamic Link Switching

[0103] This embodiment details the implementation method of providing on-demand power replenishment and seamless switching continuous power supply for various mobile terminals.

[0104] The power supply terminal described in this embodiment is a full-type mobile terminal equipped with a microwave energy receiving module, a rectifier module, and an energy storage unit as standard. This includes, but is not limited to: other satellites / spacecraft moving in orbit (which do not require traditional solar panels and can draw power solely from the aforementioned standard modules), all-spacecraft / drones flying across airspace, ground mobile application terminals (including various vehicle-mounted terminals and work vehicles), and mobile ships at sea, among other mobile power-consuming terminals for all scenarios. All terminals can proactively request power from this system based on the charge status of their own energy storage units. The system does not require continuous, uninterrupted power supply; it only needs to replenish power as needed to ensure the energy storage unit's charge remains within a preset safety threshold range. Once replenishment is complete, the transmission link can be disconnected.

[0105] When any mobile terminal initiates a power supply request, the system automatically receives the request signal, synchronously searches all surplus energy nodes in the entire network, and, based on the terminal's real-time location and the availability of the line-of-sight link, strictly follows the system's preset optimal transmission path priority rules: priority is given to direct line-of-sight links, links with the fewest relay hops, and links with the shortest transmission distance. The system automatically matches the energy node closest to the terminal with the best link quality and establishes a point-to-point energy transmission link to replenish the terminal's power. No restrictions are placed on the energy supply node's track level, deployment location, or node type; the only matching criterion is the optimal transmission path. Only when the direct link is blocked and unavailable will the system automatically match the optimal link with the fewest relay hops to ensure the stability and low loss of the replenishment transmission.

[0106] When the mobile terminal moves continuously and its location changes, the system tracks the terminal's location and line-of-sight coverage in real time. Before the terminal is about to leave the line-of-sight coverage of the current power supply node, it automatically searches for the next surplus energy node that meets the optimal path rules, completes link pre-establishment and seamless switching, and does not interrupt power supply transmission during the switching process. This enables the terminal to have continuous and stable power supply throughout its entire journey, across regions, and in all scenarios. The system does not impose any restrictions on the type or deployment range of the power supply node and always uses the optimal transmission path as the core matching criterion.

[0107] Typical implementation scenarios are as follows:

[0108] 1. On-orbit mobile spacecraft scenario: When a low-Earth orbit mobile satellite is orbiting the Earth and its energy storage unit's power level falls below a preset threshold, it actively sends a power request to the system through its standard microwave receiving module. The system strictly follows the optimal path priority rule and automatically matches the surplus energy node with the best link within the current line-of-sight coverage area to establish a direct link for power replenishment. As the satellite orbits the Earth and leaves the coverage area of ​​the current power supply node, the system automatically and seamlessly switches to the next surplus energy node that conforms to the optimal path rule to continuously replenish its power. No manual intervention is required throughout the process, ensuring the satellite's continuous and stable operation in orbit.

[0109] 2. All-airspace flight scenario: When the aircraft performs flight missions across airspace, if the energy storage unit is low on power, it will actively send a power request to the system through its standard microwave receiver module. The system will strictly follow the optimal path priority rule and automatically match the best surplus energy node within line of sight of the current location to establish a direct link for power replenishment. After the aircraft leaves the coverage area of ​​the current power supply node, the system will automatically and seamlessly switch to the next surplus energy node that conforms to the optimal path rule to continuously replenish its power, ensuring the aircraft can operate in all airspace for a long time.

[0110] 3. Ground / Maritime Mobile Scenarios: When ground mobile application terminals (including new energy operation vehicles, emergency rescue vehicles, special mobile operation vehicles, and land mobile power terminals) or maritime vessels are traveling across regions, if the energy storage unit's power is insufficient, it will actively initiate a power supply request to the system through its standard microwave receiving module. The system will strictly follow the optimal path priority rule and automatically match the optimal surplus energy node within line of sight of the current location to establish a direct link for power replenishment. During the terminal's travel, the system will track the location in real time and automatically and seamlessly switch to the next surplus energy node that conforms to the optimal path rule to continuously replenish power, ensuring the terminal's power needs when traveling across regions.

[0111] In this embodiment, the system can provide synchronous and parallel power to multiple mobile terminals of different types, with different movement trajectories and different application scenarios. Each terminal is independently matched with its own optimal transmission link, and the links do not interfere with each other. This effectively solves the technical pain point of traditional energy transmission systems being limited in power supply scenarios and unable to provide seamless and continuous cross-regional power replenishment for mobile terminals.

[0112] Example 7: System Core Parameter Adaptation and Optimal Implementation

[0113] This embodiment details the adaptation and optimization scheme for the core operating parameters of this system, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the transmission scenario, power supply distance, and terminal type, as follows:

[0114] 1. Operating frequency band adaptation

[0115] This system prioritizes the 24GHz millimeter-wave band as its operating frequency for low-Earth orbit-to-medium-Earth orbit inter-satellite energy transmission and satellite-to-orbit spacecraft / spacecraft power supply in the vacuum environment of space. For satellite-to-ground two-way energy transmission scenarios that penetrate the atmosphere, the 5.8GHz ISM band can be adapted as an extended operating frequency band. For all scenarios, the system can be adapted and optimized within the frequency range of 2.4GHz to 35GHz according to the engineering implementation stage, transmission distance, and receiver payload conditions.

[0116] 2. Beam divergence angle adaptation

[0117] This system is designed for low-Earth orbit-to-medium-Earth orbit inter-satellite transmission and on-orbit spacecraft power supply in the vacuum environment of space. The optimal half-power beamwidth of the microwave transmitter is 0.1° to 0.3°, which can be adapted and adjusted within the range of 0.05° to 0.5°. For bidirectional energy transmission between space and ground that penetrates the atmosphere, the optimal half-power beamwidth of the microwave transmitter is 0.2° to 0.3°, which can be adapted and adjusted within the range of 0.1° to 0.5°. It takes into account both energy focusing efficiency and beam tracking stability throughout the entire process, and is adapted to the energy supply needs of all orbits and all scenarios.

[0118] 3. Transmission distance adaptation

[0119] The system's satellite-to-ground transmission range covers a low Earth orbit range of 50-150km, fully adapting to the conventional orbital altitudes of low Earth orbit satellites. The inter-satellite transmission distance can be adaptively adjusted according to satellite orbital altitude, extending to hundreds to thousands of kilometers, meeting the cross-orbit and cross-regional long-range power supply needs of medium Earth orbit and high Earth orbit terminals. All of the above transmission scenarios are within the system's coverage area, and the transmission distance can be flexibly adapted based on the system's transmit power and antenna performance.

Claims

1. A space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system, characterized in that, It includes an inter-satellite transmission satellite layer, a ground receiving and dispatching layer, and dockable external space power generation devices and power supply application terminals; The inter-satellite transmission satellite layer includes scheduling satellites that can be flexibly deployed in medium Earth orbit and transmission satellites in low Earth orbit. All of these satellites are general-purpose standardized energy satellites applicable to this system, with power and size adapted only according to different deployment orbits. The satellites can be flexibly adapted to other preset working orbits such as high Earth orbit according to deployment requirements. Each of the medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellites and low-Earth orbit transmission satellites in this system is equipped with a bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface and a common-aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array. It can independently receive microwave energy output from any external space power generation device through this interface. Each satellite has the ability to operate independently and form a network autonomously. Multiple satellites in the same orbit can form an independent single-layer energy network, and satellites in different orbits can form a global inter-satellite energy network through cross-orbit linkage. It can support autonomous networking and operation without relying on other satellites or regional microwave ground transceivers outside this system. The satellite supports full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception of microwave energy, and can complete inter-satellite power supply and energy relay within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area; The ground receiving and scheduling layer consists of multiple regional microwave ground transceiver stations; The regional microwave ground transceiver station is equipped with a bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface and a standardized wired cable grid connection interface. It can receive microwave energy transmitted from space and convert it into industrial frequency AC power to be connected to the ground power grid. It can also obtain surplus energy from the ground power grid and convert it into high-power microwaves for transmission into space. A single regional microwave ground transceiver station can work independently, and multiple regional microwave ground transceivers stations can be networked to form a regional energy network, which can complete energy supply and demand and energy relay within its own line-of-sight microwave coverage range. The system can inject energy from any node and automatically select the optimal transmission path based on the energy supply and demand status of each node and the availability of line-of-sight links. The path selection priority is: line-of-sight direct links first, links with the fewest relay hops first, and links with the shortest transmission distance first. Only when a direct link is blocked and interrupted will the system automatically match a relay link from an adjacent node to complete the energy transmission. Any two nodes within line-of-sight and microwave transmission coverage can directly establish a point-to-point energy transmission link through the bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface, without transmission restrictions based on orbital level or node type. The system supports bidirectional free transmission of energy across all levels of ground, low-Earth orbit, medium-Earth orbit, and high-Earth orbit. Each node can simultaneously transmit and receive energy and provide energy to multiple targets simultaneously and in parallel within its coverage area, completing space-to-ground and cross-regional global energy scheduling.

2. A medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellite for a space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy scheduling system, characterized in that: This is a standardized, independently operating spaceborne system suitable for this system, which can be flexibly deployed in any preset working orbit in medium Earth orbit. The satellite-borne platform integrates a common-aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array, a bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface, an energy receiving and rectification module, an energy scheduling and processing module, an energy transmitting and power amplification module, and a multi-angle multi-beam microwave control front end. Each satellite can receive microwave energy from any external space power generation device through the bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface; a single medium-orbit scheduling satellite can independently complete full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception operations, and can support autonomous operation without relying on any other orbital satellites or regional microwave ground transceiver stations outside this system; multiple medium-orbit scheduling satellites can form an independent medium-orbit energy network through inter-satellite links. The satellite supports full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception of microwave energy. Within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area, it can synchronously and in parallel supply energy to other satellites in any orbit within the system, various types of on-orbit spacecraft, space stations, regional microwave ground transceivers, low-altitude aircraft, and ground application terminals. It can also serve as an energy scheduling node to complete energy relay between satellites and between satellites and ground.

3. A low-Earth orbit transmission satellite for a space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system, characterized in that... This is a standardized, independently operating spaceborne system suitable for this system, which can be flexibly deployed in any preset low Earth orbit orbit. The satellite-borne platform integrates a common aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array, a bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface, an energy receiving and rectification module, an energy scheduling and processing module, an energy transmitting and power amplification module, and a multi-angle multi-beam microwave control front end. Each low-Earth orbit transmission satellite can receive microwave energy from any external space power generation device through the aforementioned bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface; A single low-Earth orbit (LEO) transmission satellite can independently complete full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception operations, and can support autonomous operation without relying on any other orbital satellites or regional microwave ground transceiver stations outside this system. Multiple LEO transmission satellites can form an independent LEO energy network through inter-satellite links. The satellite supports full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception of microwave energy. Within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area, it can synchronously and parallelly supply energy to other satellites in any orbit within the system, various types of on-orbit spacecraft, space stations, regional microwave ground transceivers, low-altitude aircraft, and ground application terminals. It can also serve as an energy transmission node between satellites and the ground, and between satellites to complete the entire energy relay.

4. A regional microwave ground transceiver station for a space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system, characterized in that, It is a standardized ground energy transceiver that can operate independently, equipped with a bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input and output interface, a standardized wired cable grid connection interface, a rectifier module, a voltage regulation unit, a buffer energy storage unit, a bidirectional grid-connected converter and synchronous phase-locked control unit, an electro-microwave power amplifier and transmitter unit, and a central measurement and control and transceiver control console; It can receive microwave energy transmitted from space and convert it into industrial frequency AC power for connection to the ground power grid through the bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input and output interface. It can also obtain surplus energy from the ground power grid and convert it into high-power microwaves for transmission into space. A single regional microwave ground transceiver station can work independently, and multiple regional microwave ground transceivers stations can be networked to form a regional energy network, which can support autonomous operation without relying on other orbital satellites outside the system. Within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area, it can synchronously and parallelly supply energy to satellites in any orbit within the system, various on-orbit spacecraft, space stations, low-altitude aircraft, and marine and land energy application terminals, and can also act as a ground energy node to complete bidirectional energy relay between space and ground.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system has a reserved standardized external microwave energy access interface. This interface does not have an independent power generation function, but is used to connect to the microwave energy output by any external space power generation device, so as to realize the integration of external microwave energy into the system for unified scheduling.

6. The medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellite and low-Earth orbit transmission satellite according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, Both the medium-orbit scheduling satellite and the low-orbit transmission satellite are equipped with a common-aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array, which supports full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception of microwave energy, and supports inter-satellite energy relay and multi-target synchronous parallel power supply.

7. A universal full-duplex multi-target energy satellite suitable for a space-ground integrated inter-satellite microwave energy dispatching system, characterized in that: This is a general-purpose standardized energy satellite that can operate independently within this system. It can be flexibly deployed in any preset working orbit of low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and high Earth orbit. It can be configured as a medium Earth scheduling satellite or a low Earth orbit transmission satellite according to the deployment scenario. Its power and size can be adapted and adjusted according to the deployment orbit requirements. The satellite's onboard platform integrates a bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input and output interface, a common aperture regional multi-band active phased array antenna array, an energy receiving and rectification module, an energy scheduling and processing module, an energy transmitting and power amplification module, and a multi-angle multi-beam microwave control front end. Each satellite can receive microwave energy from any external space power generation device through the aforementioned bidirectional standardized microwave energy universal input / output interface; A single satellite can independently complete full-duplex synchronous transmission and reception operations, supporting autonomous operation without relying on any other orbital satellites or regional microwave ground transceivers outside the system. Within its own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage, it can synchronously and parallelly supply power to multiple targets such as multiple on-orbit satellites, various spacecraft, ground application terminals, and regional microwave ground transceivers. Multiple satellites can form independent energy networks in the same orbit or across orbits through inter-satellite links, and can act as energy nodes to complete energy relay between satellites and between satellites and the ground. They can establish energy transmission links with any node within the line-of-sight range, without transmission limitations based on orbital level or node type.

8. The low-Earth orbit transmission satellite according to claim 3, characterized in that, Equipped with a multi-angle, multi-beam microwave control front end, it can provide energy transmission services for spacecraft in orbit in any orbit, regional microwave ground transceivers, low-altitude aircraft, and ground application terminals.

9. The regional microwave ground transceiver station according to claim 4, characterized in that, The configuration includes a buffer energy storage unit consisting of a supercapacitor, a flywheel energy storage device, and a battery pack, used for voltage stabilization of bidirectional energy transmission between space and ground: microwave energy transmitted from space is converted into electrical energy and then connected to the ground power grid after voltage stabilization; surplus ground power is stabilized and converted into microwave energy before being uploaded for dispatch, ensuring the stability of energy transmission throughout the process.

10. The regional microwave ground transceiver station according to claim 4, characterized in that, It can convert surplus ground energy into microwave energy and upload it to any satellite in the system within the line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area. Through the inter-satellite link network, it can realize cross-regional remote energy dispatch and transmit energy to regional microwave ground transceivers or spacecraft in orbit in other regions.

11. The medium-orbit scheduling satellite according to claim 2, characterized in that, It can complete inter-satellite energy relay according to energy demand, and can directly transmit energy to space targets, corresponding low-orbit transmission satellites, and regional microwave ground transceivers within the line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage area. It can also transmit energy to regional microwave ground transceivers via low-orbit transmission satellite relay, realizing cross-regional remote energy dispatch.

12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system operates in the millimeter-wave band, and its satellite-to-ground transmission covers the entire orbital range within line-of-sight. The inter-satellite transmission distance is adaptively adjusted according to the orbital altitude. Both the medium-Earth orbit scheduling satellite and the low-Earth orbit transmission satellite can synchronously and in parallel supply power to multiple target terminals within their own line-of-sight microwave transmission coverage, realizing two-way energy transmission between satellite and ground.

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