Optimal operation method of voltage and frequency multiplexing of distribution network considering source load disturbance

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for optimizing the operation of voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances. It relates to the field of distribution network voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing optimization technology, and is applied to an active distribution network equipped with active frequency regulation units, reactive voltage regulation units, and reusable regulation units. This active distribution network connects to distributed power sources, flexible loads, and energy storage devices. This method, by classifying and identifying source-load disturbances and classifying them into different operating conditions, can match differentiated multiplexing regulation strategies to different disturbance characteristics, fully tapping the regulation potential of existing regulation resources. It solves the problem of low resource utilization caused by the independent and inflexible reuse of voltage and frequency regulation resources under traditional regulation modes. In mixed disturbance scenarios, it can effectively avoid situations where one side has insufficient resources and the other side has idle resources, thus improving the distribution network's ability to respond to source-load disturbances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing optimization technology in distribution networks, specifically to a method for optimizing the operation of voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks that takes into account source-load disturbances. Background Technology

[0002] As the penetration rate of distributed power sources and flexible loads in active distribution networks continues to increase, the source-load disturbance problem caused by the randomness of wind and solar power output on the source side and the volatility of user electricity demand on the load side is becoming increasingly prominent. In traditional distribution networks, voltage regulation and frequency regulation are configured independently. The voltage regulation unit only undertakes reactive voltage regulation tasks, and the frequency regulation unit only handles active frequency control. The two types of regulation resources cannot be flexibly reused, resulting in low utilization of regulation resources. When facing mixed voltage and frequency disturbances, it is easy to have insufficient regulation resources on one side and idle resources on the other side. It is difficult to adapt to the operation and control requirements of distribution networks with a high proportion of renewable energy access. Most existing control methods do not classify and identify source-load disturbances and classify operating conditions, making it difficult to match differentiated control strategies according to the actual characteristics of the disturbances. This can easily cause unnecessary equipment operation, increase network and equipment losses, and fail to balance power quality and operational economy.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN120638327A discloses a multi-source collaborative voltage and frequency adaptive control system for power distribution networks, comprising: an equipment layer including distributed power sources, hybrid energy storage systems, on-load tap-changing transformers, switchable capacitor banks, and smart loads; an edge control layer consisting of edge controllers deployed at each power node for real-time calculation of local voltage and frequency over-limit indicators; a centralized optimization layer that uses the real-time calculation results as input to a new energy output prediction model to generate global optimization instructions, which are then sent to the equipment layer for control execution; and a communication layer based on 5G communication technology and fiber optic hybrid networking to achieve data interaction between the edge control layer and the centralized optimization layer. This system achieves dynamic balance control of voltage and frequency while reducing network losses and equipment operating costs.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN117060470A discloses a distribution network voltage optimization control method based on flexible resources. The method includes: constructing a flexible resource model; constructing a correlation function model considering the power of flexible resources and the distribution network voltage; configuring the weight relationship of the flexible resource model based on the correlation function model; solving the flexible resource model using a constrained particle swarm optimization algorithm; optimizing the allocation of flexible resources through a BMS system; and solving the AC power flow equations of the distribution network for the flexible resource regulation and optimization model using the constrained particle swarm optimization algorithm. This method can simultaneously consider multiple constraints of the model, more effectively handle numerical optimization problems, and has strong engineering applicability. It considers flexible resources such as energy storage systems, demand-side response, and electric vehicle battery swapping stations. Compared with existing grid regulation methods, it can further reduce grid operating costs and improve the renewable energy absorption capacity.

[0005] The aforementioned devices utilize various flexible resources to participate in distribution network regulation during use, which improves the ability to cope with source-load disturbances to a certain extent. However, they still do not solve the problem that voltage regulation and frequency regulation resources are independent and cannot be reused. When faced with mixed voltage and frequency disturbances, there are still defects such as unbalanced resource allocation and insufficient utilization. Furthermore, they do not match differentiated reuse regulation strategies with the graded results of source-load disturbances, and cannot maximize the reduction of operating losses and equipment operation costs under the premise of meeting power supply quality standards. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation reuse in distribution networks that takes into account source-load disturbances, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the independent nature of voltage and frequency regulation resources, the inability to flexibly reuse them, and the low resource utilization and poor regulation effect when dealing with mixed disturbances in scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy access.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a distribution network voltage and frequency regulation reuse optimization operation method considering source-load disturbances. This method is applied to an active distribution network equipped with active frequency regulation units, reactive voltage regulation units, and reusable regulation units. The active distribution network is connected to distributed power sources, flexible loads, and energy storage devices. The method includes the following steps: S1, real-time acquisition of distribution network operation data and operating status data of each regulation device. The active distribution network operation data includes node voltage, system frequency, branch power, distributed power source output, and load power; S2, calculation of power fluctuation parameters based on the acquired operation data, and completion of source-load disturbance identification and classification based on the calculation results, determining the disturbance area and duration; S3, based on the disturbance identification results, dividing the distribution network into normal steady-state operating conditions, single-sided voltage disturbance operating conditions, single-sided frequency disturbance operating conditions, and voltage-frequency mixed disturbance operating conditions; S4, ... According to different operating conditions, the corresponding voltage and frequency regulation reuse strategy is matched: Under normal steady-state operating conditions, the active frequency regulation unit and reactive voltage regulation unit operate dedicatedly, and the reusable regulation unit is in standby state. Under single-sided voltage disturbance conditions, the reusable regulation unit is switched to reactive voltage regulation mode. Under single-sided frequency disturbance conditions, the reusable regulation unit is switched to active frequency regulation mode. Under voltage-frequency mixed disturbance conditions, the reusable regulation unit is controlled to operate in zones according to preset priorities, and participates in voltage and frequency regulation simultaneously. S5, with the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, minimizing equipment operation frequency, and minimizing network loss, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed and solved in combination with the operating constraints of each device to obtain the optimal regulation command. S6, the optimal regulation command is issued and executed, and the distribution network operating parameters are fed back in real time. If the parameters do not meet the standards, the model is iteratively optimized. After the source-load disturbance subsides, the reusable regulation unit is controlled to return to standby dedicated operation state.

[0008] Furthermore, in S1, voltage transformers, current transformers, frequency acquisition modules, and power sensors are used to complete data acquisition, and data transmission is completed through a dedicated power communication network.

[0009] Furthermore, in S2, the source-load disturbance is classified into three categories according to the power fluctuation rate and fluctuation duration: small-amplitude random disturbance, severe disturbance, and persistent disturbance.

[0010] Furthermore, the active power distribution network is configured with preset operating thresholds for voltage and frequency, including system frequency thresholds and node voltage thresholds for different voltage levels.

[0011] Furthermore, the reusable regulation unit includes a grid-connected energy storage system, a photovoltaic-storage integrated unit, and a grid-type inverter. The reusable regulation unit can achieve rapid switching of operating modes.

[0012] Furthermore, the priority rule for the voltage-frequency mixed disturbance condition is as follows: when the frequency or voltage exceeds the corresponding emergency threshold, the over-limit side control is executed first. Under the normal mixed disturbance condition, the energy storage zone is controlled to operate, and the distributed inverter is controlled to dynamically allocate active and reactive power output.

[0013] Furthermore, the equipment operation constraints in S5 include the operation constraints of voltage and frequency regulation equipment, the charging, discharging and state of charge constraints of energy storage systems, and the output capacity constraints of distributed power inverters.

[0014] Furthermore, before performing global multi-objective optimization control, the edge controller performs local small-amplitude adjustments. If the local adjustments fail to meet the parameters, then global multi-objective optimization control is initiated.

[0015] Furthermore, when a communication interruption, equipment failure to operate, or continuous exceeding of operating parameters is detected, the system triggers an alarm, exits the multiplexing adjustment strategy, switches to independent voltage and frequency regulation mode, and generates a fault analysis log.

[0016] Furthermore, the active power frequency regulation unit includes a distributed photovoltaic inverter, a distributed wind turbine, an electrochemical energy storage, and an interruptible load aggregation terminal; the reactive power voltage regulation unit includes an on-load tap changer, a parallel capacitor bank, a static var compensator, and an intelligent soft switch.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) By classifying and identifying source-load disturbances and classifying different operating conditions, differentiated reuse regulation strategies can be matched for different disturbance characteristics, fully tapping the regulation potential of existing regulation resources, solving the problem of low resource utilization caused by the independent and inflexible reuse of voltage regulation and frequency regulation resources under the traditional regulation mode. In mixed disturbance scenarios, it can effectively avoid the situation of insufficient resources on one side and idle resources on the other side, thus improving the regulation capability of the distribution network to cope with source-load disturbances. (2) By constructing a multi-objective optimization model, power supply quality and operational economy are simultaneously included in the optimization objectives, taking into account the balanced optimization of voltage frequency stability and equipment and network losses. Compared with the unclassified unified control method, it can reduce unnecessary equipment actions, reduce operating losses, and adapt to the operation and control needs of active distribution networks with a high proportion of renewable energy access. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall steps and structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reusable adjustment unit structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of the device operation constraints of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the source load disturbance identification and hierarchical logic structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the active frequency modulation unit structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power distribution network condition determination logic structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the reactive power voltage regulating unit structure of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the logic structure of the voltage and frequency modulation multiplexing strategy of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Active frequency regulation unit; 2. Reactive voltage regulation unit; 3. Reusable regulation unit; 4. Active power distribution network. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 8This invention provides the following technical solution: a distribution network voltage and frequency regulation reuse optimization operation method considering source-load disturbances. The method is applied to an active distribution network 4 equipped with an active frequency regulation unit 1, a reactive voltage regulation unit 2, and a reusable regulation unit 3. The active distribution network 4 is connected to distributed power sources, flexible loads, and energy storage devices. The method includes the following steps: S1, real-time acquisition of distribution network operation data and the operation status data of each regulation device. The operation data of the active distribution network 4 includes node voltage, system frequency, branch power, distributed power source output, and load power; S2, calculation of power fluctuation parameters based on the acquired operation data, and completion of source-load disturbance identification and classification based on the calculation results, determining the disturbance area and disturbance duration; S3, based on the disturbance identification results, dividing the distribution network into normal steady-state operating conditions, single-sided voltage disturbance operating conditions, single-sided frequency disturbance operating conditions, and voltage-frequency mixed disturbance operating conditions; S4, matching according to different operating conditions. The corresponding voltage and frequency regulation reuse strategy is as follows: Under normal steady-state conditions, active power frequency regulation unit 1 and reactive power voltage regulation unit 2 operate dedicated to their respective functions, while reusable regulation unit 3 is in standby mode. Under single-sided voltage disturbance conditions, reusable regulation unit 3 is switched to reactive power voltage regulation mode. Under single-sided frequency disturbance conditions, reusable regulation unit 3 is switched to active power frequency regulation mode. Under voltage-frequency mixed disturbance conditions, reusable regulation unit 3 is controlled to operate in zones according to preset priorities, participating in voltage and frequency regulation simultaneously. S5: With the optimization objectives of minimizing voltage deviation, minimizing frequency deviation, minimizing equipment operation frequency, and minimizing network loss, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed and solved in combination with the operating constraints of each device to obtain the optimal regulation command. S6: The optimal regulation command is issued and executed, and the distribution network operating parameters are fed back in real time. If the parameters do not meet the standards, the model is iteratively optimized. After the source-load disturbance subsides, the reusable regulation unit 3 is controlled to return to standby dedicated operation mode.

[0022] For the application of a 10kV / 380V multi-level active distribution network 4, which connects distributed photovoltaic, distributed wind turbines, electrochemical energy storage, and flexible power loads, the network is equipped with an active frequency regulation unit 1, a reactive voltage regulation unit 2, and a reusable regulation unit 3. The active frequency regulation unit 1 includes distributed photovoltaic inverters, distributed wind turbines, electrochemical energy storage, and interruptible load aggregation terminals. The reactive voltage regulation unit 2 includes on-load tap-changing transformers, parallel capacitor banks, static var compensators, and intelligent soft switches. The reusable regulation unit 3 uses grid-connected energy storage systems, photovoltaic-storage integrated machines, and grid-type inverters, which can quickly complete the switching between active frequency regulation and reactive voltage regulation modes. The specific operating steps are as follows: S1: Using voltage transformers, current transformers, frequency acquisition modules, and power sensors, real-time data are collected on the distribution network node voltage, system frequency, branch power, distributed power output, load power, and operating status data of various voltage regulators, frequency regulators, and reusable regulators. Data transmission is completed through a dedicated power communication network composed of power Ethernet, 5G power private network, or fiber optics to ensure real-time data transmission. S2: Based on the collected power data, power fluctuation parameters such as power fluctuation amplitude, power fluctuation rate, and disturbance duration are calculated. According to the power fluctuation rate and fluctuation duration, the source-load disturbance is divided into three categories: small-amplitude random disturbance: power fluctuation rate ≤ 5% rated power / min. Severe disturbance: power fluctuation rate > 20% rated power / minute; continuous disturbance: power fluctuation duration ≥ 10 minutes. Simultaneously, based on voltage and frequency distribution, determine the disturbance occurrence area and duration. S3: Combining source-load disturbance identification results and measured voltage and frequency values, divide the distribution network into four operating conditions: normal steady-state condition, single-sided voltage disturbance condition, single-sided frequency disturbance condition, and voltage-frequency mixed disturbance condition. S4: Normal steady-state condition: Active power frequency regulation unit 1 and reactive power voltage regulation unit 2 operate dedicatedly according to preset rules, respectively completing routine frequency and voltage regulation. Reusable regulation unit 3 remains in standby mode. Single-sided voltage disturbance condition: Control reusable regulation unit 3 to switch to standby mode. In active voltage regulation mode, the existing reactive voltage regulation unit 2 coordinates with the existing reactive voltage regulation unit 2 to perform voltage regulation. In single-sided frequency disturbance mode, the reusable regulation unit 3 switches to active frequency regulation mode, coordinating with the existing active frequency regulation unit 1 to perform frequency regulation. In voltage-frequency mixed disturbance mode, priority rules are executed. In emergency mode, if the frequency deviation exceeds the ±0.3Hz emergency threshold, frequency regulation is prioritized; if the voltage deviation exceeds the ±10% emergency threshold, voltage regulation is prioritized. In normal mixed disturbance mode, the reusable regulation unit 3 operates in zones, energy storage devices output power according to regional power demand zones, and distributed inverters dynamically allocate active and reactive power, simultaneously completing voltage and frequency regulation. S5: Prioritizes the smallest voltage deviation, smallest frequency deviation, and smallest equipment... The four optimization objectives are to minimize the number of operations and network losses. Boundary conditions are set in combination with the inherent constraints of the equipment: for on-load tap-changing transformers and parallel capacitor banks, the number of daily operations and the minimum interval between two adjacent operations are limited; for energy storage systems, the maximum charging and discharging power and the upper and lower limits of the state of charge are limited; for distributed power inverters, the maximum output capacity of active and reactive power is limited; S6 issues the optimal adjustment command to each control device and executes it. The system continuously collects and feeds back the operating parameters of the distribution network in real time. If parameters such as voltage and frequency do not return to the normal range, the optimization model is iteratively updated and re-solved until the parameters meet the standards. When the source and load disturbances are completely calmed, the control reusable adjustment unit 3 exits the working mode and returns to the standby state.

[0023] Example 2: Based on Example 1, the problem of handling small local disturbances is solved. Please refer to Example 2. Figure 2 - Figure 7 The reusable regulation unit 3 is also disclosed, and its specific structure is as follows: In S1, voltage transformers, current transformers, frequency acquisition modules and power sensors are used to complete data acquisition, and data transmission is completed through a dedicated power communication network. In S2, the source load disturbance is divided into three categories according to the power fluctuation rate and fluctuation duration: small-amplitude random disturbance, severe disturbance and continuous disturbance. The active distribution network 4 is equipped with preset operating thresholds for voltage and frequency. The preset operating thresholds include the system frequency threshold and the node voltage thresholds for different voltage levels. The reusable regulation unit 3 includes a grid-connected energy storage system, a photovoltaic-storage integrated machine and a grid-type inverter. The reusable regulation unit 3 can realize rapid switching of operating modes.

[0024] For residential distributed high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) systems installed across the entire area, the daytime PV power generation far exceeds the local load, resulting in reverse power flow into the upstream grid. This causes positive voltage over-limits. At night, PV systems shut down, and concentrated residential power consumption leads to uneven load distribution, resulting in low voltage and three-phase imbalance. This is a bidirectional source-load disturbance area. During the daytime, data collection and real-time monitoring revealed that the three-phase voltage exceeded the rated value by 7%, with reverse power flow, indicating a single-sided voltage disturbance. The disturbance was then classified, and a power fluctuation rate of 3% of the rated power per minute was detected, classifying it as a small, continuous disturbance. The following strategy was implemented: Active power frequency regulation unit 1 remained on standby, all reusable PV-storage integrated units switched to reactive power voltage regulation mode, and reactors absorbed excess reactive power to suppress [the disturbance]. Voltage rise, final optimization goal: to minimize voltage deviation and equipment operation frequency, avoid frequent capacitor switching, and ensure continuous operation: During the daytime, photovoltaic power fluctuates throughout the day, and reusable units maintain voltage regulation mode for extended periods without repeated switching. At night, when photovoltaic power shuts down, the operating conditions are assessed: photovoltaic output drops to zero, load suddenly increases, voltage is 10% below rated value, and there is a single-sided voltage disturbance. The subsequent strategy is to switch reusable units back to reactive power compensation mode, working with capacitor banks to supplement reactive power and raise the voltage. In cloudy weather, cloud cover causes a sudden drop in photovoltaic output, resulting in small mixed voltage and frequency disturbances. In this case, a zoned reuse strategy is activated: some reusable units participate in frequency regulation, while others participate in voltage regulation, working together to smooth out fluctuations.

[0025] Example 3: Based on Example 1, this example solves the problem of rapid control response under strong random fluctuations on both the source and load sides. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 - Figure 8The active power frequency regulation unit 1 was also disclosed, and its specific structure is as follows: The priority rule for voltage-frequency mixed disturbance conditions is: when the frequency or voltage exceeds the corresponding emergency threshold, the over-limit side regulation is executed first. Under normal mixed disturbance conditions, the energy storage zone operation is controlled, and the distributed inverter is dynamically allocated active and reactive power output. The equipment operation constraints in S5 include the action constraints of voltage and frequency regulation equipment, the charging and discharging and state of charge constraints of the energy storage system, and the output capacity constraints of the distributed power inverter. Before performing full-domain multi-objective optimization regulation, the edge controller performs the following: Local small disturbances are adjusted locally. If local adjustment fails to meet the parameters, the whole-domain multi-objective optimization control is initiated. When communication interruption, equipment failure to operate, or continuous exceeding of operating parameters are detected, the system triggers an alarm and exits the multiplexing control strategy, switching to independent voltage and frequency regulation mode. At the same time, a fault analysis log is generated. The active frequency regulation unit 1 includes distributed photovoltaic inverters, distributed wind turbines, electrochemical energy storage, and interruptible load aggregation terminals; the reactive voltage regulation unit 2 includes on-load tap changer transformers, parallel capacitor banks, static var compensators, and intelligent soft switches.

[0026] For new energy areas, photovoltaic and wind turbines are distributed along long lines, resulting in high grid impedance and weak grid conditions. Fluctuations in new energy output can easily cause voltage oscillations and frequency drift. In addition, the large temperature difference between day and night requires the equipment to withstand high and low temperatures. The operating logic is as follows: Under normal conditions, voltage drop along long lines leads to low voltage. The reusable unit can provide normal auxiliary reactive power compensation. With disturbances in the photovoltaic cloud layer, rapid changes in power cause voltage and frequency fluctuations. The device completes disturbance identification, and without relying on the master station communication, it autonomously switches to the reusable mode. At night, when there is no wind or solar power, all new energy sources stop, and the reusable unit switches to standby, retaining only the basic voltage regulation function.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the operation of voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in a distribution network considering source-load disturbances, characterized in that, The method is applied to an active distribution network (4) configured with an active frequency regulation unit (1), a reactive voltage regulation unit (2), and a reusable regulation unit (3), wherein the active distribution network (4) is connected to distributed power sources, flexible loads, and energy storage devices, and the method includes the following steps: S1. Real-time collection of distribution network operation data and operation status data of each regulating device. The operation data of the active distribution network (4) includes node voltage, system frequency, branch power, distributed power output, and load power. S2. Calculate power fluctuation parameters based on the collected operating data, identify and classify source-load disturbances based on the calculation results, and determine the disturbance area and duration. S3. Based on the disturbance identification results, the distribution network is divided into normal steady-state operating conditions, single-sided voltage disturbance operating conditions, single-sided frequency disturbance operating conditions, and voltage-frequency mixed disturbance operating conditions. S4. Match the corresponding voltage and frequency regulation reuse strategy according to different working conditions: Under normal steady-state working conditions, the active frequency regulation unit (1) and the reactive voltage regulation unit (2) are dedicated to operation, and the reusable regulation unit (3) is in standby state. Under single-sided voltage disturbance working conditions, the reusable regulation unit (3) is switched to reactive voltage regulation mode. Under single-sided frequency disturbance working conditions, the reusable regulation unit (3) is switched to active frequency regulation mode. Under voltage-frequency mixed disturbance working conditions, the reusable regulation unit is controlled to operate in zones according to the preset priority and participate in voltage regulation and frequency regulation simultaneously. S5. Taking the minimum voltage deviation, minimum frequency deviation, minimum number of equipment actions, and minimum network loss as optimization objectives, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed and solved in combination with the operating constraints of each equipment to obtain the optimal adjustment command. S6. Issue and execute the optimal adjustment command, and provide real-time feedback on the operating parameters of the distribution network. If the parameters do not meet the standards, iterate and optimize the model. After the source load disturbance subsides, control the reusable adjustment unit (3) to return to the standby dedicated operation state.

2. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, voltage transformers, current transformers, frequency acquisition modules, and power sensors are used to complete data acquisition, and data transmission is completed through a dedicated power communication network.

3. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, source-load disturbances are classified into three categories according to power fluctuation rate and fluctuation duration: small-amplitude random disturbances, severe disturbances, and persistent disturbances.

4. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active power distribution network (4) is equipped with preset operating thresholds for voltage and frequency, including system frequency thresholds and node voltage thresholds for different voltage levels.

5. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reusable adjustment unit (3) includes a grid-connected energy storage system, a photovoltaic-storage integrated machine, and a grid-type inverter. The reusable adjustment unit (3) can realize rapid switching of operating modes.

6. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The priority rule for the voltage-frequency mixed disturbance condition is as follows: when the frequency or voltage exceeds the corresponding emergency threshold, the over-limit side control is executed first. Under the normal mixed disturbance condition, the energy storage zone is controlled to operate, and the distributed inverter is controlled to dynamically allocate active and reactive power output.

7. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment operation constraints in S5 include the operation constraints of voltage and frequency regulation equipment, the charging, discharging and state of charge constraints of energy storage systems, and the output capacity constraints of distributed power inverters.

8. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before implementing global multi-objective optimization control, the edge controller adjusts local small disturbances locally. If the local adjustment fails to meet the parameters, global multi-objective optimization control is then initiated.

9. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in distribution networks considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: When a communication interruption, equipment failure to operate, or continuous exceeding of operating parameters is detected, the system triggers an alarm, exits the multiplexing regulation strategy, switches to independent voltage and frequency regulation mode, and generates a fault analysis log.

10. The optimized operation method for voltage and frequency regulation multiplexing in a distribution network considering source-load disturbances according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active frequency regulation unit (1) includes a distributed photovoltaic inverter, a distributed wind turbine, an electrochemical energy storage, and an interruptible load aggregation terminal; the reactive voltage regulation unit (2) includes an on-load tap-changing transformer, a parallel capacitor bank, a static var compensator, and an intelligent soft switch.

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