Steel arch structure for mine tunnel and its assembling method

Abstract

The application discloses a steel arch structure for a mine tunnel and an assembling method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of mine tunnel reinforcement. The steel arch structure comprises a steel arch, an inverted arch and a connector. The steel arch is composed of multiple steel arch segments, and the connector is arranged at the joint between adjacent segments and between the segment and the inverted arch. The connector comprises a steel base, elastic claw arms symmetrically fixed on both sides of the base, a rectangular insertion plate vertically fixed in the middle of the base and a cam locking device. The cam locking device compresses the elastic claw arms inward by means of an eccentric wheel to realize quick connection between the segments. The assembling can be completed by pushing the locking handle by the mechanical arm, welding or bolt fastening on site is avoided, and the construction efficiency and safety are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mine tunnel reinforcement technology, specifically relating to a steel arch frame structure for mine tunnels and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous expansion of infrastructure construction and the in-depth application of intelligent construction technology in my country, the field of tunnel and underground engineering has achieved remarkable development. As the core load-bearing structure in the support system of mining tunnels, the construction quality and efficiency of steel arch frames directly affect the safety and progress of the project. However, existing steel arch frame support technology still has the following shortcomings in practical applications: Firstly, the structural load-bearing capacity and construction efficiency are limited. Currently, most steel arch frames adopt a segmented design, requiring the connection of each segment during on-site installation. Due to limitations in joint construction methods and connection processes, the overall load-bearing capacity of the structure cannot be fully utilized. At the same time, the on-site assembly work is extensive, and the construction period is long.

[0003] Secondly, the installation work is still mainly done manually, with a low degree of automation. The connection between steel arch frame segments is generally achieved by on-site welding or manual bolt tightening, which is not only labor-intensive and requires a large number of workers, but also difficult to guarantee construction accuracy due to the narrow space of the tunnel and the adverse working environment, posing a significant safety risk.

[0004] Third, existing construction methods are ill-suited to the demands of mechanization and prefabrication. As tunnel construction shifts towards standardized design, prefabrication, and mechanized operations, traditional steel arch frame installation techniques have become a key bottleneck restricting the improvement of construction efficiency and industrial transformation.

[0005] Therefore, developing a prefabricated connection structure and construction method that enables steel arch frames to be fast, precise, and with low reliance on manual labor is of great significance for improving the safety, economy, and intelligence level of tunnel support construction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels and its assembly method, which can further strengthen the stability of the steel arch frame nodes and, in conjunction with mechanized tunnel construction, further reduce construction procedures and improve construction safety.

[0007] The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels, including a steel arch frame, an inverted arch, and a connector; The steel arch frame includes multiple steel arch frame segments, and there are joints between adjacent steel arch frame segments and between the steel arch frame segments and the inverted arch. Connectors are provided at the joints. The connector includes a steel base, a flexible claw arm, a rectangular insert plate, and a cam locking device. There are two elastic claw arms, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the steel base and fixedly connected to the steel base; the rectangular insert plate is vertically fixed in the middle of the steel base, located between the two elastic claw arms, and inserted into the joint; The cam locking device includes a connecting bridge, a rotating shaft, an eccentric wheel, and a locking handle; A connecting bridge is vertically fixed on the outer surface of each of the elastic claw arms; the rotating shaft passes through the connecting bridge, and the eccentric wheel is arranged on both sides of the connecting bridge and rotates around the rotating shaft; the circumferential surface of the eccentric wheel contacts and engages with the outer surface of the elastic claw arm; the locking handle is fixedly connected to the eccentric wheel. The locking handle is configured to be pushed by an external force to drive the eccentric wheel to rotate. When the eccentric wheel rotates, its circumferential surface presses the elastic claw arm inward to tighten it, thereby realizing the connection between adjacent steel arch frame segments.

[0008] Furthermore, the rectangular insert is configured to be nested in the joint and to be interference-fitted with the steel arch frame segments on both sides; the elastic claw arm is configured to wrap around the end periphery of the steel arch frame segment.

[0009] Furthermore, the steel arch frame segment is made of I-beams.

[0010] Furthermore, the connector is a factory-prefabricated component and is adapted to the shape and size of the steel arch segment.

[0011] Furthermore, the steel base and the rectangular insert plate are made of Q345B low-alloy high-strength steel, the elastic claw arm is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel, and the steel base, the rectangular insert plate and the elastic claw arm are all connected by welding.

[0012] Furthermore, the rotating shaft is made of 40Cr alloy steel and is interference-fitted with the connecting bridge; the eccentric wheel is made of GCr15 bearing steel and is connected to the rotating shaft via a spline.

[0013] Furthermore, a distributed optical fiber pressure sensor is arranged on the inner side of the elastic claw arm; the distributed optical fiber pressure sensor is arranged in a grid pattern and fixed in a micro groove on the inner side of the elastic claw arm with flexible epoxy resin; the distributed optical fiber pressure sensor is made of polyamide-coated quartz optical fiber and is used to sense the pressure of the contact surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the connecting bridge includes a solid rectangular steel block portion and a central shell portion; the solid rectangular steel block portion is made of Q345B low alloy high strength steel, and the rotating shaft passes through the solid rectangular steel block portion and is interference-fitted with the solid rectangular steel block portion; the central shell portion is made of die-cast aluminum alloy, in which a controller is placed, and an LED warning light electrically connected to the controller is provided on the top of the central shell portion.

[0015] Furthermore, the controller comprises a signal receiving module, a signal processing module, a threshold setting module, a data comparison module, and a battery compartment; the signal receiving module is connected to the distributed fiber optic pressure sensor via a stainless steel communication optical cable; a lithium thionyl chloride disposable battery is fixedly installed inside the battery compartment and connected to the other modules in the controller via wires; the controller is electrically connected to the LED warning light; the controller is equipped with a semiconductor laser light source for emitting pulsed light signals to the distributed fiber optic pressure sensor.

[0016] Secondly, the present invention provides an assembly method for the above-mentioned steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels, comprising the following steps: Step S1: The pressure threshold is preset through the threshold setting module, and the controller inside each of the connecting bridges is always in the on state. Step S2: Erect the steel arch frame segment, bring two adjacent steel arch frame segments close to each other to leave the joint, and nest the connector inside the joint of the steel arch frame segment so that the rectangular insert plate is wedged into the joint; Step S3: Push the locking handle to drive the eccentric wheel to rotate, press the elastic claw arm inward to tighten, so as to realize the interconnection between adjacent steel arch frame segments; In step S4, during assembly and support, the semiconductor laser source inside the controller emits pulsed light signals and transmits them through the distributed fiber optic pressure sensor. When the light signal is subjected to pressure, it returns to the controller, is received by the signal receiving module, and is converted into a digital signal by the signal processing module. The data comparison module then compares the digital signal with a preset pressure threshold. If the actual pressure is greater than the pressure threshold, it indicates that the connector has been locked, and the controller drives the LED warning light to light up green. If the actual pressure is less than the pressure threshold, it indicates that the connector has not been locked, and the controller drives the LED warning light to light up red.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this invention are reflected in: (1) This invention sets a cam-locking connector at the joint of the steel arch frame segment, and uses a mechanical arm to push the locking handle to drive the eccentric wheel to rotate, and presses the elastic claw arm to tighten inward, thereby realizing a fast and reliable connection between the steel arch frame segments. This avoids the problems of high labor intensity, low construction efficiency and difficulty in ensuring accuracy caused by on-site welding or manual bolt tightening, and significantly improves the mechanization and operation efficiency of tunnel support construction.

[0018] (2) The connector is equipped with a rectangular insert plate that is interference fit with the joint. The elastic claw arm applies a stable clamping force to the steel arch frame segment under the drive of the cam locking device, which effectively enhances the structural stability of the node connection, reduces the risk of support failure caused by node loosening, and improves the overall load-bearing capacity of the steel arch frame.

[0019] (3) Distributed fiber optic pressure sensors are integrated and arranged on the inner side of the elastic claw arm and connected to the controller, which can sense the pressure distribution on the contact surface between the connector and the steel arch segment in real time. The controller compares the measured pressure with a preset threshold and provides intuitive assembly status feedback through LED warning lights (green indicates that the locking is qualified and red indicates that it is not locked), thereby realizing online monitoring and immediate judgment of connection quality, which is conducive to timely detection and handling of unlocked nodes and ensuring construction safety.

[0020] (4) The connectors are prefabricated in the factory and are compatible with the shape and size of the steel arch frame. Only the robotic arm is needed on site to complete the nesting and locking operations, which reduces the on-site procedures and the reliance on manual experience. This is conducive to the standardization and assembly of steel arch frame installation, which is in line with the development direction of intelligent construction of tunnel engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic plan view of a steel arch frame structure for a mining tunnel provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the joint between two steel arch frame segments in a specific embodiment of the present invention for use in a mining tunnel. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the interference fit between the joint of two steel arch frame segments and the insert plate in a specific embodiment of the present invention for a steel arch frame structure used in a mining tunnel; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the connection between two steel arch frame segments in a specific embodiment of the present invention for a steel arch frame structure used in a mining tunnel; Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a connector for a steel arch frame structure used in a mining tunnel, provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of distributed optical fiber pressure sensors on the inner side of the elastic claw arm in this invention. Figure 7A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the connecting bridge in this invention; Figure 8 This is a block diagram of the controller of the present invention; In the diagram, 1-steel arch frame segment; 2-joint; 3-connector; 4-inverted arch; 31-connecting bridge; 32-rotating shaft; 33-eccentric wheel; 34-locking handle; 35-steel base; 36-insertion plate; 37-elastic claw arm; 311-LED warning light; 312-controller; 371-distributed fiber optic pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a steel arch frame structure for use in mining tunnels, comprising a steel arch frame and an inverted arch 4, as shown. Figure 1-2 As shown, the steel arch frame includes multiple steel arch frame segments 1. There are joints between adjacent steel arch frame segments 1 and between steel arch frame segments 1 and the inverted arch 4. Connectors 3 are provided at the joints.

[0027] like Figure 3-4 As shown, the elastic claw arm 37 of the connector 3 at the joint wraps around the outer periphery of the end of the steel arch frame segment 1, and its rectangular insert 36 is nested in the joint 2. The joint 2 between the steel arch frame segments 1 and the rectangular insert 36 of the connector 3 are interference fit.

[0028] like Figure 5As shown, the rectangular insert 36 is vertically fixed to the middle of the steel base 35, located between the elastic claw arms 37, and inserted into the joint 2. There are two elastic claw arms 37, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the steel base 35. The cam locking device includes a connecting bridge 31, a rotating shaft 32, an eccentric wheel 33, and a locking handle 34. The rotating shaft 32 passes through the connecting bridge 31, and the eccentric wheels 33 are located on both sides of the connecting bridge 31 and rotate around the rotating shaft 32. The circumferential surface of the eccentric wheel 33 contacts and engages with the outer surface of the elastic claw arm 37. The locking handle 34 is connected to the eccentric wheel 33 by welding. The locking handle 34 can be pushed by a robotic arm to control the rotation of the eccentric wheel 33, pressing the elastic claw arms 37 inward to achieve the purpose of splicing the steel arch frame segments 1 together. The elastic claw arms 37 have a U-shaped or C-shaped structure and wrap around the outside of the steel arch frame segment 1.

[0029] like Figure 6 As shown, a distributed optical fiber pressure sensor 371 is provided on the inner side of the elastic claw arm 37, which is connected to the signal receiving module of the controller 312 through a stainless steel communication optical cable.

[0030] like Figure 7 As shown, part of the connecting bridge 31 is a solid rectangular steel block made of Q345B low-alloy high-strength steel, and the rotating shaft 32 passes through this part and is interference-fitted with the solid rectangular steel block; the other part is a central shell made of die-cast aluminum alloy, in which a controller 312 is placed, and an LED warning light 311 electrically connected to the controller 312 is provided on the top of the central shell.

[0031] like Figure 8 As shown, the controller 312 consists of a signal receiving module, a signal processing module, a threshold setting module, a data comparison module, a battery compartment, and an LED warning light 311; a lithium thionyl chloride disposable battery is fixedly installed inside the battery compartment and is connected to the other modules and the LED driving circuit through wires.

[0032] In one preferred embodiment, the steel arch segment 1 is made of I-beams.

[0033] In one preferred embodiment, the elastic claw arm 37 of the connector 3 at the joint wraps around the outer periphery of the end of the steel arch segment 1, and its rectangular insert 36 is nested in the joint 2. The steel base 35 and the middle rectangular insert 36 are made of Q345B low alloy high strength steel, while the elastic claw arm 37 is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel. All three are connected by welding.

[0034] In one preferred embodiment, the rotating shaft 32 is made of 40Cr alloy steel, and the eccentric wheel 33 is made of GCr15 bearing steel, and is connected to the rotating shaft 32 by a spline.

[0035] In one preferred embodiment, the distributed optical fiber pressure sensor 371 is arranged in a grid pattern and fixed in a micro-groove inside the elastic claw arm 37 with flexible epoxy resin. It is made of polyamide-coated quartz optical fiber and is used to sense the pressure of the contact surface.

[0036] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides an assembly method for a steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Preset the pressure threshold through the threshold setting module and ensure that the controller 312 inside each of the connecting bridges 31 is always in the on state.

[0037] In step S2, the robotic arm on the mobile platform is used to erect the steel arch frame segment 1, bringing adjacent steel arch frame segments 1 closer together and leaving a joint 2. Then, the robotic arm is used to wrap the elastic claw arm 37 of the connector 3 around the outer periphery of the end of the steel arch frame segment 1, and the rectangular insert plate 36 is wedged into the joint 2.

[0038] In step S3, the robotic arm pushes the locking handle 34 to control the rotation of the eccentric wheel 33, pressing the elastic claw arm 37 inward to tighten it, so as to achieve the interconnection between adjacent steel arch frame segments 1.

[0039] In step S4, during assembly and support, the semiconductor laser source inside the controller 312 emits pulsed light signals and transmits them through the distributed fiber optic pressure sensor 371. When the light signal is subjected to pressure, it returns to the controller 312, is received by the signal receiving module, and is converted into a digital signal by the signal processing module. The data comparison module then compares the digital signal with a preset pressure threshold. If the actual pressure is greater than the threshold, it indicates that the connector 3 is locked, and the controller 312 drives the LED warning light 311 to light up green; if the actual pressure is less than the threshold, it indicates that it is not locked, and the controller 312 drives the LED warning light 311 to light up red.

[0040] Among them, the joint connector 3 is a factory prefabricated component, which is adapted to the shape and size of the steel arch frame and wraps around the periphery of the steel arch frame segment.

[0041] The above detailed description is a specific description of one of the feasible embodiments of the present invention. This embodiment is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the present invention should be included within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0042] It should be particularly noted that the various embodiments listed in this specification and accompanying drawings are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Without departing from the core ideas and technical effects of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make any form of improvement, substitution, combination, or modification to the structural arrangement, process parameters, material selection, control logic, etc., of the described embodiments; any obvious changes based on the same concept should be considered equivalent solutions of the present invention and should be included within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention. The actual scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the appended claims and should be correctly understood in conjunction with the specification and accompanying drawings.

Claims

1. A steel arch frame structure for use in mining tunnels, characterized in that, Includes steel arch frame, inverted arch (4) and connector (3); The steel arch frame includes multiple steel arch frame segments (1), and there are joints (2) between adjacent steel arch frame segments (1) and between the steel arch frame segments (1) and the inverted arch (4). A connector (3) is provided at the joint (2). The connector (3) includes a steel base (35), an elastic claw arm (37), a rectangular insert plate (36), and a cam locking device; There are two elastic claw arms (37), which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the steel base (35) and fixedly connected to the steel base (35); the rectangular insert plate (36) is vertically fixed in the middle of the steel base (35), located between the two elastic claw arms (37), and inserted into the joint (2); The cam locking device includes a connecting bridge (31), a rotating shaft (32), an eccentric wheel (33), and a locking handle (34); A connecting bridge (31) is vertically fixed on the outer surface of each of the elastic claw arms (37); the rotating shaft (32) passes through the connecting bridge (31), and the eccentric wheel (33) is disposed on both sides of the connecting bridge (31) and rotates around the rotating shaft (32); the circumferential surface of the eccentric wheel (33) contacts and engages with the outer surface of the elastic claw arm (37); the locking handle (34) is fixedly connected to the eccentric wheel (33); The locking handle (34) is configured to be pushed by an external force to drive the eccentric wheel (33) to rotate. When the eccentric wheel (33) rotates, its circumferential surface presses the elastic claw arm (37) inward to tighten it, so as to realize the connection between adjacent steel arch frame segments (1).

2. The steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular insert (36) is configured to be nested in the joint (2) and to be interference-fitted with the steel arch frame segments (1) on both sides; the elastic claw arm (37) is configured to wrap around the periphery of the end of the steel arch frame segment (1).

3. The steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel arch frame segment (1) is made of I-beams.

4. The steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector (3) is a factory prefabricated component and is adapted to the shape and size of the steel arch segment (1).

5. The steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel base (35) and the rectangular insert (36) are made of Q345B low alloy high strength steel, and the elastic claw arm (37) is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel. The steel base (35), the rectangular insert (36) and the elastic claw arm (37) are all connected by welding.

6. The steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (32) is made of 40Cr alloy steel and is interference-fitted with the connecting bridge (31); the eccentric wheel (33) is made of GCr15 bearing steel and is connected to the rotating shaft (32) by a spline.

7. The steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A distributed optical fiber pressure sensor (371) is arranged on the inner side of the elastic claw arm (37); the distributed optical fiber pressure sensor (371) is arranged in a grid pattern and fixed in a micro groove on the inner side of the elastic claw arm (37) with flexible epoxy resin. The distributed optical fiber pressure sensor (371) is made of polyamide coated quartz optical fiber and is used to sense the pressure of the contact surface.

8. The steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting bridge (31) includes a solid rectangular steel block and a central shell. The solid rectangular steel block is made of Q345B low-alloy high-strength steel, and the rotating shaft (32) passes through the solid rectangular steel block and is interference-fitted with it. The central shell is made of die-cast aluminum alloy, in which a controller (312) is placed, and an LED warning light (311) electrically connected to the controller (312) is provided on the top of the central shell.

9. The steel arch frame structure for mining tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that: The controller (312) consists of a signal receiving module, a signal processing module, a threshold setting module, a data comparison module, and a battery compartment. The signal receiving module is connected to the distributed fiber optic pressure sensor (371) via a stainless steel communication optical cable. A lithium thionyl chloride disposable battery is fixedly installed inside the battery compartment and is connected to the other modules in the controller (312) via wires. The controller (312) is electrically connected to the LED warning light (311). The controller (312) is equipped with a semiconductor laser light source for emitting pulsed light signals to the distributed fiber optic pressure sensor (371).

10. An assembly method for a steel arch frame structure for a mining tunnel as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: The pressure threshold is preset by the threshold setting module, and the controller (312) inside each of the connecting bridges (31) is always in the open state. Step S2: Erect the steel arch frame segment (1), bring two adjacent steel arch frame segments (1) close to each other to reserve the joint (2), and nest the connector (3) inside the joint of the steel arch frame segment (1) so that the rectangular insert (36) is wedged into the joint (2). Step S3: Push the locking handle (34) to drive the eccentric wheel (33) to rotate, and press the elastic claw arm (37) to tighten inward, so as to realize the interconnection between adjacent steel arch frame segments (1); In step S4, during the assembly and support process, the semiconductor laser source inside the controller (312) emits pulsed light signals and transmits them in the distributed optical fiber pressure sensor (371). After the light signal is subjected to pressure, it returns to the controller (312), is received by the signal receiving module, enters the signal processing module and is converted into a digital signal, and then the data comparison module compares the digital signal with a preset pressure threshold. If the actual pressure is greater than the pressure threshold, it indicates that the connector (3) has been locked, and the controller (312) drives the LED warning light (311) to light up green; if the actual pressure is less than the pressure threshold, it indicates that it has not been locked, and the controller (312) drives the LED warning light (311) to light up red.

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