Power seamless switching device and method for radiation measurement equipment

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of power management and radiation measurement, and aims to solve the problem of inaccurate counting caused by shared power supply during radiation measurement. A power seamless switching device and method for radiation measurement equipment are provided. The switching device includes a controlled power-off unit, a transient competitive power supply network, and a static path retention unit. The controlled power-off unit is configured to turn on the external power supply to the transient competitive power supply network in the non-measurement state, and cut off the electrical connection between the external power supply and the transient competitive power supply network at the moment of receiving the radiation measurement trigger signal. The transient competitive power supply network is configured to automatically transfer the power supply path of the static path retention unit from the external power supply to the internal energy storage power supply when the output voltage of the controlled power-off unit drops below the voltage of the internal energy storage power supply. The static path retention unit is configured to maintain the connection with the radiation measurement equipment. The present application can solve the problem of inaccurate counting of radiation measurement equipment in the shared power supply scenario.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary field of power management and radiation measurement, and specifically relates to a seamless power switching device and method for radiation measurement equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In applications such as industrial nuclear radiation monitoring and non-destructive testing, in order to reduce system deployment costs and simplify wiring, sensitive radiation measurement equipment often shares the same external power supply system with equipment that causes strong interference (such as industrial robot servo drives, high-power motor drives, etc.).

[0003] However, when high-interference equipment is in operation, it generates broadband, high-energy conducted interference. This interference can be directly conducted to the power supply terminal of the radiation measurement equipment through the shared power supply line. The radiation measurement equipment itself is extremely sensitive to power supply noise. Even a small power supply ripple or spike interference can cause the radiation measurement equipment to exhibit "random counting," manifested as an abnormally high background count rate. In severe cases, it can even completely drown out the true radiation signal, leading to the complete invalidation of the measurement results.

[0004] There are two main solutions to this problem in existing technologies: 1. Configure a separate power supply for the radiation measurement equipment, completely isolating it from the power supplies of devices with strong interference. However, this approach significantly increases system cost and wiring complexity, and is difficult to modify for existing field systems.

[0005] 2. Adding a filter to the power input of the radiation measurement equipment in an attempt to filter out conducted interference. However, this approach has a drawback: the interference spectrum generated by strong interfering equipment is extremely wide, and conventional filters cannot effectively suppress it across the entire frequency band. Moreover, the filter itself introduces additional voltage drop and phase delay, failing to completely solve the problem.

[0006] In addition, there are many existing dual-power seamless switching circuits, but the purpose of these circuits is to automatically switch to the backup power supply when the external power supply fails unexpectedly, so as to prevent the equipment from losing power.

[0007] There has long been an inherent technical bias in this field: dual power supply switching circuits are assumed to connect the switching switch in series in the final output power supply path, and different power supplies are selected by controlling the state of this switch. Those skilled in the art generally believe that the fewer switches in the output path, the better, as adding extra switches increases contact resistance and potential points of failure.

[0008] This conventional approach has an inherent, unsolvable flaw: the action of the switching switch itself inevitably introduces transient processes, including contact bounce, voltage drops, and spike interference. These transients are completely unacceptable for radiation measurement equipment, which has extremely high requirements for power supply stability. Therefore, these general-purpose dual-power switching circuits cannot be applied to interference isolation scenarios in radiation measurement.

[0009] Prior to this application, those skilled in the art faced a dead end when confronted with the pain point of "conducted interference from shared power supply": 1. Filtering schemes could not solve broadband interference; 2. Independent power supply was too expensive and could not be used to modify old systems; 3. Switching circuit switching actions would introduce transients.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new technical solution that can overcome the above-mentioned technical biases, completely isolate the conducted interference of the shared power supply without modifying the existing power supply lines, and at the same time ensure zero power supply interruption and no transient interference for the radiation measurement equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a seamless power switching device and method for radiation measurement equipment.

[0012] The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a seamless power switching device for radiation measurement equipment, comprising a controlled power-off unit, a transient competitive power supply network, and a static path maintenance unit; The controlled power-off unit has a port for external power input. The control terminal of the controlled power-off unit is used to receive a radiation measurement trigger signal. The output terminal of the controlled power-off unit is connected to the input terminal of the transient competitive power supply network. The controlled power-off unit includes an optocoupler, a field-effect transistor, and a first relay K1 connected in sequence. The radiation measurement trigger signal is used to trigger the optocoupler to conduct. The conduction of the optocoupler can trigger the field-effect transistor to turn off, thereby de-energizing the first relay K1 connected to the field-effect transistor and cutting off the circuit of external power entering the transient competitive power supply network through the first relay K1. The controlled power-off unit is configured to conduct external power to the transient competitive power supply network in a non-measurement state, and actively cut off the electrical connection between the external power supply and the transient competitive power supply network at the instant of receiving the radiation measurement trigger signal. The transient competitive power supply network includes an internal energy storage power source and multiple unidirectional conducting elements. The output of the controlled power-off unit is divided into at least two paths, one of which is connected to the input of a unidirectional conducting element, and the other is connected to at least two unidirectional conducting elements in series via the internal energy storage power source. The output of the transient competitive power supply network is connected to the input of the static path holding unit. The transient competitive power supply network is configured to automatically transfer the power supply path of the static path holding unit from the external power source to the internal energy storage power source when the controlled power-off unit cuts off the external power source and the voltage at the output of the controlled power-off unit drops below the voltage of the internal energy storage power source. The output of the static path holding unit is connected to the radiation measurement equipment. The static path holding unit is configured to maintain the continuity of the circuit connected to the radiation measurement equipment when powered by an external power supply or an internal energy storage power supply.

[0013] Preferably, the optocoupler includes a first light-emitting diode D7 and a phototransistor. A radiation measurement trigger signal is input into the optocoupler as a high-level signal. The radiation measurement trigger signal is used to trigger the first light-emitting diode D7 to generate an optical signal, and the optical signal is used to trigger the phototransistor to conduct. The collector of the phototransistor is connected to an external power supply, the emitter of the phototransistor is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor, and the source of the field-effect transistor is connected to an external power supply. The phototransistor is used to control the field-effect transistor to conduct or turn off. The drain of the field-effect transistor is externally connected to the control terminal of the first relay K1. The field-effect transistor is used to control the coil of the first relay K1 to be energized or de-energized. The first relay K1 is internally equipped with a first moving contact KM1 and a second moving contact KM2. When the coil of the first relay K1 is energized, the first moving contact KM1 and the second moving contact KM2 operate, connecting the external power supply with the transient competing power supply network. When the coil of the first relay K1 is de-energized, the first moving contact KM1 and the second moving contact KM2 return to the initial state, disconnecting the external power supply from the transient competing power supply network, and simultaneously switching to internal energy storage power supply.

[0014] Preferably, the transient competitive power supply network has three unidirectional conducting elements, where a single unidirectional conducting element is a first diode D8, and two unidirectional conducting elements connected in series are both second diodes D9. The static path holding unit includes a second relay K2 and a voltage-stabilized filter output circuit. The control terminal of the second relay K2 is always connected to the external power supply. The second relay K2 is internally equipped with a third moving contact KM3 and a fourth moving contact KM4. The third moving contact KM3 and the fourth moving contact KM4 are always kept in the position after being energized. When the external power supply or the internal energy storage power supply is connected to the power supply terminal of the second relay K2, the output voltage of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage-stabilized filter output circuit. The voltage output by the second relay K2 is filtered and stabilized by the voltage-stabilized filter output circuit before being output to the radiation measurement equipment.

[0015] Preferably, the anode of the first light-emitting diode D7 is connected to a radiation measurement trigger signal via pin 1 of the optocoupler, and the cathode of the first light-emitting diode D7 is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R31 via pin 3 of the optocoupler. The radiation measurement trigger signal is also connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R29. The base of the phototransistor is used to acquire the light signal emitted by the first light-emitting diode D7. The collector of the phototransistor is connected to an external power supply via pin 6 of the optocoupler. The emitter of the phototransistor is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor R26 and the gate of the field-effect transistor via pin 4 of the optocoupler. The second terminals of the first resistor R31 and the second resistor R29 are both grounded, and the second terminal of the third resistor R26 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. The drain of the field-effect transistor is externally connected to pin 1 of the first relay K1 and the cathode of the third diode D11. Pins 1 and 8 of the first relay K1 are internally connected via the coil of the first relay K1. Pin 8 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor R20 and the anode of the third diode D11. The second terminal of the fourth resistor R20 is connected to the cathode of the external power supply. Pins 2 and 7 of the first relay K1 have no external signal connected. Pin 3 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the cathode of the external power supply, and the second moving contact KM2 is internally connected to pin 3 of the first relay K1. Pin 6 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the external power supply, and the first moving contact KM1 is internally connected to pin 6 of the first relay K1. Pin #4 of the first relay K1 is connected to the internal energy storage power supply and the second relay K2. Pin #5 of the first relay K1 is connected to the internal energy storage power supply, the positive terminal of the first diode D8, and the first end of the fifth resistor R18. The second end of the fifth resistor R18 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply via the second LED D10. When the first relay K1 is energized, pins #5 and #6 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the first moving contact KM1, and pins #3 and #4 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the second moving contact KM2. When the first relay K1 is de-energized, pins #6 and #7 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the first moving contact KM1, and pins #2 and #3 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the second moving contact KM2.

[0016] Preferably, pins 1 and 3 of the internal energy storage power supply are both connected to the line between pin 4 of the first relay K1 and pin 3 of the second relay K2. Pins 1 and 3 of the internal energy storage power supply correspond to the Cg- and Bt- terminals of the internal energy storage power supply, respectively. Pin 2 of the internal energy storage power supply is connected between pin 5 of the first relay K1 and the positive terminal of the first diode D8. Pin 2 of the internal energy storage power supply corresponds to the Cg+ terminal of the internal energy storage power supply. Pin 4 of the internal energy storage power supply corresponds to the Bt+ terminal of the internal energy storage power supply. Pin 4 of the internal energy storage power supply is connected to the positive terminal of one of the second diodes D9. The negative terminals of both the first diode D8 and the other second diode D9 are connected to pin 6 of the second relay K2.

[0017] Preferably, pin 1 of the second relay K2 is externally connected to an external power supply and the negative terminal of the fourth diode D12; pin 8 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor R21 and the positive terminal of the fourth diode D12; the second terminal of the sixth resistor R21 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply; pins 1 and 8 of the second relay K2 are internally connected via the coil of the second relay K2; pins 2 and 7 of the second relay K2 have no external signal connected; pin 3 of the second relay K2 is internally connected to the fourth moving contact KM4; and pin 6 of the second relay K2 is externally connected to the third moving contact K. M3, pin 4 of the second relay K2 is grounded, and pin 5 of the second relay K2 is used to output voltage to the voltage regulator and filter output circuit; when the second relay K2 is energized, pins 5 and 6 of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the third moving contact KM3, and pins 3 and 4 of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the fourth moving contact KM4; when the second relay K2 is de-energized, pins 6 and 7 of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the third moving contact KM3, and pins 2 and 3 of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the fourth moving contact KM4.

[0018] Preferably, the optocoupler is model CYTLP127, the field-effect transistor is model IRF7416TRPBF; the first relay K1 and the second relay K2 are both model HFD4 / 12, the first diode D8 and the second diode D9 are both model B340A, the third diode D11 and the fourth diode D12 are both model IN4148, and the internal energy storage power source is a lithium battery.

[0019] Preferably, the voltage output by the second relay K2 is filtered by the filter circuit in the voltage stabilization and filtering output circuit, and then enters the voltage stabilization circuit in the voltage stabilization and filtering output circuit for voltage regulation, so as to output the voltage required by the radiation measurement equipment; the voltage stabilization and filtering output circuit is also equipped with a backup power supply or a supercapacitor.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for seamless power switching of a radiation measurement device, comprising the following steps: When no radiation measurement trigger signal is received and the external power supply is turned on, the voltage difference between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor causes the field-effect transistor to conduct, the first relay K1 is energized, and the circuit of the transient competitive power supply network is connected through the first relay K1. The control terminal of the second relay K2 is always kept energized. The external power supply reaches pin 5 of the first relay K1 via pin 6 and outputs three signals from pin 5: the first signal triggers the second LED D10 to light up, the second signal charges the internal energy storage power supply, and the third signal powers the second relay K2 via the first diode D8. The voltage output from pin 5 of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit, where it is filtered and regulated before being output to the radiation measurement equipment. Since the voltage drop from pin 5 of the first relay K1 after passing through the first diode D8 is lower than the voltage drop after passing through the internal energy storage power supply and the two second diodes D9, the external power supply prioritizes powering the radiation measurement equipment. When the radiation measurement equipment is ready to measure, in order to reduce the impact of power supply noise, the external power supply needs to be disconnected and the internal energy storage power supply needs to be used instead. A radiation measurement trigger signal is input to pin 1 of the optocoupler through the microcontroller. At this time, pin 1 of the optocoupler is at a high level and the optocoupler is turned on. Since the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the field-effect transistor is not enough to turn on the field-effect transistor, the field-effect transistor is turned off, which in turn causes the first relay K1 to lose power, cuts off the circuit of the external power supply entering the transient competitive power supply network through the first relay K1, and the second light-emitting diode D10 is turned off. At this time, the output of the internal energy storage power supply powers the second relay K2 through the two second diodes D9. Since the connection between the external power supply and the control terminal of the second relay K2 is always maintained, the second relay K2 is always energized. The output voltage of pin 5 of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit. After being filtered and regulated by the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit, the voltage is output to the radiation measurement equipment. After the measurement is completed, the radiation measurement trigger signal is no longer input to pin 1 of the optocoupler. At this time, pin 1 of the optocoupler is at a low level, and the external power supply is reconnected to power the radiation measurement equipment and charge the internal energy storage power supply.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention, through the combination of a controlled power-off unit, a transient competitive power supply network, and a static path-maintaining unit, can ensure that the connection between the radiation measurement equipment and the interfered external power supply is cut off during radiation measurement, thus physically and completely cutting off the transmission path of conducted interference and solving the problem of random counting in shared power supply scenarios.

[0022] This invention avoids the need for manual control of the switching switch, eliminating contact bounce and voltage drops present in traditional switching circuits, and preventing the possibility of equipment restart or data loss. Furthermore, the entire switching process involves no complex logical judgments and requires no complex software control, thus avoiding switching failures caused by software malfunctions.

[0023] The device of the present invention can be directly connected to the power supply line of the existing system as an independent module, without the need for complex modifications to the power supply architecture of the existing system, resulting in low deployment costs and suitability for upgrades and modifications to existing deployment sites. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the optocoupler and field-effect transistor of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the first relay K1, the transient power supply network, and the second relay K2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the voltage-regulated filter output circuit of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of the overall circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structural topology of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportional relationships, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention. It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0028] This invention provides an embodiment: like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a seamless power switching device for radiation measurement equipment includes a controlled power-off unit, a transient competitive power supply network, and a static path maintenance unit. The controlled power-off unit has a port for external power input. The control terminal of the controlled power-off unit is used to receive a radiation measurement trigger signal. The output terminal of the controlled power-off unit is connected to the input terminal of the transient competitive power supply network. The controlled power-off unit includes an optocoupler, a field-effect transistor, and a first relay K1 connected in sequence. The radiation measurement trigger signal is used to trigger the optocoupler to conduct. The conduction of the optocoupler can trigger the field-effect transistor to turn off, thereby de-energizing the first relay K1 connected to the field-effect transistor and cutting off the circuit of external power entering the transient competitive power supply network through the first relay K1. The controlled power-off unit is configured to conduct external power to the transient competitive power supply network in a non-measurement state, and actively cut off the electrical connection between the external power supply and the transient competitive power supply network at the instant of receiving the radiation measurement trigger signal. The transient competitive power supply network includes an internal energy storage power source and multiple unidirectional conducting elements. The output of the controlled power-off unit is divided into at least two paths, one of which is connected to the input of a unidirectional conducting element, and the other is connected to at least two unidirectional conducting elements in series via the internal energy storage power source. The output of the transient competitive power supply network is connected to the input of the static path holding unit. The transient competitive power supply network is configured to automatically transfer the power supply path of the static path holding unit from the external power source to the internal energy storage power source when the controlled power-off unit cuts off the external power source and the voltage at the output of the controlled power-off unit drops below the voltage of the internal energy storage power source. The output of the static path holding unit is connected to the radiation measurement equipment. The static path holding unit is configured to maintain the continuity of the circuit connected to the radiation measurement equipment when powered by an external power supply or an internal energy storage power supply.

[0029] In this embodiment, the optocoupler includes a first light-emitting diode D7 and a phototransistor. A radiation measurement trigger signal is input into the optocoupler as a high-level signal. The radiation measurement trigger signal is used to trigger the first light-emitting diode D7 to generate an optical signal, and the optical signal is used to trigger the phototransistor to conduct. The collector of the phototransistor is connected to an external power supply, the emitter of the phototransistor is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor, and the source of the field-effect transistor is connected to an external power supply. The phototransistor is used to control the field-effect transistor to conduct or turn off. The drain of the field-effect transistor is externally connected to the control terminal of the first relay K1. The field-effect transistor is used to control the coil of the first relay K1 to be energized or de-energized. The first relay K1 is internally equipped with a first moving contact KM1 and a second moving contact KM2. When the coil of the first relay K1 is energized, the first moving contact KM1 and the second moving contact KM2 operate, connecting the external power supply with the transient competing power supply network. When the coil of the first relay K1 is de-energized, the first moving contact KM1 and the second moving contact KM2 return to the initial state, disconnecting the external power supply from the transient competing power supply network, and simultaneously switching to internal energy storage power supply. The transient competitive power supply network has three unidirectional conducting elements, with a single unidirectional conducting element being the first diode D8 and two unidirectional conducting elements connected in series being the second diode D9. The static path holding unit includes a second relay K2 and a voltage-stabilized filter output circuit. The control terminal of the second relay K2 is always connected to the external power supply. The second relay K2 has a third moving contact KM3 and a fourth moving contact KM4 inside. The third moving contact KM3 and the fourth moving contact KM4 are always in the position after being energized. When the external power supply or the internal energy storage power supply is connected to the power supply terminal of the second relay K2, the output voltage of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage-stabilized filter output circuit. The voltage output by the second relay K2 is filtered and stabilized by the voltage-stabilized filter output circuit before being output to the radiation measurement equipment.

[0030] The specific connection relationships of the components in this invention are as follows: The anode of the first LED D7 is connected to a radiation measurement trigger signal via pin 1 of the optocoupler. The cathode of the first LED D7 is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R31 (1KΩ) via pin 3 of the optocoupler. The radiation measurement trigger signal is also connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R29 (10KΩ). The base of the phototransistor is used to acquire the light signal emitted by the first LED D7. The collector of the phototransistor is connected to an external power supply via pin 6 of the optocoupler. The emitter of the phototransistor is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor R26 (10KΩ) and the gate of the field-effect transistor via pin 4 of the optocoupler. The second terminals of resistors R31 and R29 are both grounded, and the second terminal of resistor R26 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. 12V / 24V_IN refers to the positive terminal of the external power supply, GND_IN refers to the negative terminal of the external power supply, and GND refers to the common reference zero potential point of all components inside the circuit. In this embodiment, the GND terminal is connected to the GND_IN terminal through a 0-ohm resistor (not shown in the figure). A 0-ohm resistor is a special resistor with a nominal resistance of 0Ω and an actual resistance of extremely low value. The 0-ohm resistor has the function of reducing external signal interference or providing a fault fuse point. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0031] The drain of the field-effect transistor is externally connected to pin 1 of the first relay K1 and the cathode of the third diode D11. Pins 1 and 8 of the first relay K1 are internally connected via the coil of the first relay K1. Pin 8 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor R20 (510Ω) and the anode of the third diode D11. The second terminal of the fourth resistor R20 is connected to the cathode of the external power supply. Pins 2 and 7 of the first relay K1 have no external signal connected. Pin 3 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the cathode of the external power supply and internally connected to the second moving contact KM2. Pin 6 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the external power supply and internally connected to the first moving contact KM1. Pin #4 of the first relay K1 is connected to the internal energy storage power supply and the second relay K2. Pin #5 of the first relay K1 is connected to the internal energy storage power supply, the positive terminal of the first diode D8, and the first end of the fifth resistor R18 (1KΩ). The second end of the fifth resistor R18 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply via the second LED D10. When the first relay K1 is energized, pins #5 and #6 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the first moving contact KM1, and pins #3 and #4 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the second moving contact KM2. When the first relay K1 is de-energized, pins #6 and #7 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the first moving contact KM1, and pins #2 and #3 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the second moving contact KM2.

[0032] Pins 1 and 3 of the internal energy storage power supply are connected to the circuit between pin 4 of the first relay K1 and pin 3 of the second relay K2. Pins 1 and 3 of the internal energy storage power supply correspond to the Cg- terminal (negative terminal of the charging circuit) and Bt- terminal (negative terminal of the battery) of the internal energy storage power supply, respectively. Pin 2 of the internal energy storage power supply is connected between pin 5 of the first relay K1 and the positive terminal of the first diode D8. Pin 2 of the internal energy storage power supply corresponds to the Cg+ terminal (positive terminal of the charging circuit) of the internal energy storage power supply. Pin 4 of the internal energy storage power supply corresponds to the Bt+ terminal (positive terminal of the battery). Pin 4 of the internal energy storage power supply is connected to the positive terminal of one of the second diodes D9. The negative terminals of the first diode D8 and the other second diode D9 are both connected to pin 6 of the second relay K2.

[0033] The first relay K1's pin 1# is connected to an external power supply and the negative terminal of the fourth diode D12. The first relay K1's pin 8# is connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor R21 (510Ω) and the positive terminal of the fourth diode D12. The second terminal of the sixth resistor R21 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. The second relay K2's pins 1# and 8# are internally connected via the coil of the second relay K2. The second relay K2's pins 2# and 7# have no external signal connected. The second relay K2's pin 3# is internally connected to the fourth moving contact KM4. The second relay K2's pin 6# is externally connected to the third moving contact KM3. The second relay K2's pin 4#... The pin is grounded (24V_GND, referring to the 24V input side reference ground). Pin #5 of the second relay K2 is used to output voltage (12V / 24V) to the voltage regulator and filter output circuit. When the second relay K2 is energized, pins #5 and #6 of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the third moving contact KM3, and pins #3 and #4 of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the fourth moving contact KM4. When the second relay K2 is de-energized, pins #6 and #7 of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the third moving contact KM3, and pins #2 and #3 of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the fourth moving contact KM4.

[0034] The specific models of the components in this invention are as follows: the optocoupler is CYTLP127, the field-effect transistor is IRF7416TRPBF; the first relay K1 and the second relay K2 are both HFD4 / 12, the first diode D8, the second diode D9, and the fifth diode D13 are all B340A, the third diode D11 and the fourth diode D12 are both IN4148, and the internal energy storage power source is a lithium battery.

[0035] Furthermore, the voltage output by the second relay K2 is filtered by the filter circuit in the voltage stabilization and filtering output circuit before entering the voltage stabilization circuit in the same circuit for voltage regulation, outputting the voltage required by the radiation measurement equipment. The voltage stabilization and filtering output circuit also includes a backup power supply or supercapacitor. In this embodiment, the backup power supply or supercapacitor serves as a backup power supply option for either the external power supply or the internal energy storage power supply. The voltage stabilization circuit ensures the stability of the output voltage during power switching, preventing equipment restarts or damage due to voltage fluctuations. The filter circuit eliminates voltage spikes and noise generated during switching, protecting equipment components.

[0036] The working principle of the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit: The voltage output from the second relay K2 is filtered and then stepped down by U13 (DC-DC step-down converter chip), outputting a 5.2V voltage. After passing through the self-resetting fuse F2, it powers the radiation measurement equipment and charges the supercapacitor, while LED indicator D14 illuminates. When the external power supply and internal energy storage power supply fail, the supercapacitor discharges its stored energy through the seventh resistor R30, attempting to maintain a 5.2V output for emergency power supply. The duration depends on the capacitor capacity and the load. The fifth diode D13 is used to prevent reverse current from flowing back into the capacitor.

[0037] Specifically, the voltage output from the second relay K2 is filtered by the third capacitor C51 (220μF) and the first capacitor C49 (22μF) in parallel, then passes through inductor L2 (4.7μH), and is further filtered by the fourth capacitor C52 (220μF) and the second capacitor C50 (22μF) in parallel to form a stable input voltage connected to pin 3 of U13. The functions of the pins of U13 are as follows: pin 1 (VO) is the output terminal, pin 2 (GND) is the ground terminal, pin 3 (IN) is the input terminal, and pin 4 (EN) is the enable terminal. The output terminal (VO) of U13 is filtered by capacitor C48 (10μF) to output a 5.2V voltage. The 5.2V output is then filtered by the resettable fuse F2 to output a 5V voltage. The eighth resistor R25 (510Ω) is connected in series with the LED indicator D14 as an indication of the 5V voltage output.

[0038] The present invention also provides a method for seamless power switching of a radiation measurement device, comprising the following steps: When no radiation measurement trigger signal is received and the external power supply is turned on, pin 1 of the optocoupler is at a low level and the optocoupler is turned off. At this time, the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the field-effect transistor causes the field-effect transistor to conduct, the first relay K1 is energized, and the circuit of the transient competitive power supply network is connected through the first relay K1. The control terminal of the second relay K2 is always energized. The external power supply reaches pin 5 of the first relay K1 via pin 6 and outputs three signals from pin 5: the first signal triggers the second LED D10 to light up, the second signal charges the internal energy storage power supply, and the third signal powers the second relay K2 via the first diode D8. The voltage output from pin 5 of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit, where it is filtered and regulated before being output to the radiation measurement equipment. Since the voltage drop from pin 5 of the first relay K1 after passing through the first diode D8 is lower than the voltage drop after passing through the internal energy storage power supply and the two second diodes D9, the external power supply prioritizes powering the radiation measurement equipment. When the radiation measurement equipment is ready to measure, in order to reduce the impact of power supply noise, the external power supply needs to be disconnected and the internal energy storage power supply needs to be used instead. A radiation measurement trigger signal is input to pin 1 of the optocoupler through the microcontroller. At this time, pin 1 of the optocoupler is at a high level and the optocoupler is turned on. At this time, the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the field-effect transistor is not enough to turn on the field-effect transistor, so the field-effect transistor is turned off, which causes the first relay K1 to lose power, cuts off the circuit of the external power supply entering the transient competitive power supply network through the first relay K1, and the second light-emitting diode D10 is turned off. At this time, the output of the internal energy storage power supply powers the second relay K2 through the two second diodes D9. Since the connection between the external power supply and the control terminal of the second relay K2 is always maintained, the second relay K2 is always energized. The output voltage of pin 5 of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit. After being filtered and regulated by the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit, the voltage is output to the radiation measurement equipment. After the measurement is completed, the radiation measurement trigger signal is no longer input to pin 1 of the optocoupler. At this time, pin 1 of the optocoupler is at a low level, and the external power supply is reconnected to power the radiation measurement equipment and charge the internal energy storage power supply.

[0039] When the entire device is powered off, the external power input is in a state of no power, the second relay K2 switches to a de-energized state, and the internal energy storage power supply is disconnected from the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit to avoid battery power consumption when the instrument is not powered on.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A seamless power switching device for radiation measurement equipment, characterized in that: Includes a controlled power-off unit, a transient contention power supply network, and a static path maintenance unit; The controlled power-off unit has a port for external power input. The control terminal of the controlled power-off unit is used to receive a radiation measurement trigger signal. The output terminal of the controlled power-off unit is connected to the input terminal of the transient competitive power supply network. The controlled power-off unit includes an optocoupler, a field-effect transistor, and a first relay K1 connected in sequence. The radiation measurement trigger signal is used to trigger the optocoupler to conduct. The conduction of the optocoupler can trigger the field-effect transistor to turn off, thereby de-energizing the first relay K1 connected to the field-effect transistor and cutting off the circuit of external power entering the transient competitive power supply network through the first relay K1. The controlled power-off unit is configured to conduct external power to the transient competitive power supply network in a non-measurement state, and actively cut off the electrical connection between the external power supply and the transient competitive power supply network at the instant of receiving the radiation measurement trigger signal. The transient competitive power supply network includes an internal energy storage power source and multiple unidirectional conducting elements. The output of the controlled power-off unit is divided into at least two paths, one of which is connected to the input of a unidirectional conducting element, and the other is connected to at least two unidirectional conducting elements in series via the internal energy storage power source. The output of the transient competitive power supply network is connected to the input of the static path holding unit. The transient competitive power supply network is configured to automatically transfer the power supply path of the static path holding unit from the external power source to the internal energy storage power source when the controlled power-off unit cuts off the external power source and the voltage at the output of the controlled power-off unit drops below the voltage of the internal energy storage power source. The output of the static path holding unit is connected to the radiation measurement equipment. The static path holding unit is configured to maintain the continuity of the circuit connected to the radiation measurement equipment when powered by an external power supply or an internal energy storage power supply.

2. The seamless power switching device for radiation measurement equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optocoupler includes a first light-emitting diode D7 and a phototransistor. A radiation measurement trigger signal is input into the optocoupler as a high-level signal. The radiation measurement trigger signal is used to trigger the first light-emitting diode D7 to generate an optical signal, and the optical signal is used to trigger the phototransistor to conduct. The collector of the phototransistor is connected to an external power supply, the emitter of the phototransistor is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor, and the source of the field-effect transistor is connected to an external power supply. The phototransistor is used to control the field-effect transistor to conduct or turn off. The drain of the field-effect transistor is externally connected to the control terminal of the first relay K1. The field-effect transistor is used to control the coil of the first relay K1 to be energized or de-energized. The first relay K1 is internally equipped with a first moving contact KM1 and a second moving contact KM2. When the coil of the first relay K1 is energized, the first moving contact KM1 and the second moving contact KM2 operate, connecting the external power supply with the transient competing power supply network. When the coil of the first relay K1 is de-energized, the first moving contact KM1 and the second moving contact KM2 return to the initial state, disconnecting the external power supply from the transient competing power supply network, and simultaneously switching to internal energy storage power supply.

3. A seamless power switching device for radiation measurement equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transient competitive power supply network has three unidirectional conducting elements, with a single unidirectional conducting element being the first diode D8 and two unidirectional conducting elements connected in series being the second diode D9. The static path holding unit includes a second relay K2 and a voltage-regulating filter output circuit. The control terminal of the second relay K2 is always connected to the external power supply. The second relay K2 is equipped with a third moving contact KM3 and a fourth moving contact KM4. The third moving contact KM3 and the fourth moving contact KM4 are always kept in the position after being energized. When the external power supply or the internal energy storage power supply is connected to the power supply terminal of the second relay K2, the output voltage of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage-regulating filter output circuit. The voltage output by the second relay K2 is filtered and regulated by the voltage regulator output circuit before being output to the radiation measurement equipment.

4. A seamless power switching device for a radiation measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anode of the first light-emitting diode D7 is connected to the radiation measurement trigger signal via pin 1 of the optocoupler. The cathode of the first light-emitting diode D7 is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R31 via pin 3 of the optocoupler. The radiation measurement trigger signal is also connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R29. The base of the phototransistor is used to acquire the light signal emitted by the first light-emitting diode D7. The collector of the phototransistor is connected to an external power supply via pin 6 of the optocoupler. The emitter of the phototransistor is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor R26 and the gate of the field-effect transistor via pin 4 of the optocoupler. The second terminals of the first resistor R31 and the second resistor R29 are both grounded. The second terminal of the third resistor R26 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. The drain of the field-effect transistor is externally connected to pin 1 of the first relay K1 and the cathode of the third diode D11. Pins 1 and 8 of the first relay K1 are internally connected via the coil of the first relay K1. Pin 8 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor R20 and the anode of the third diode D11. The second terminal of the fourth resistor R20 is connected to the cathode of the external power supply. Pins 2 and 7 of the first relay K1 have no external signal connected. Pin 3 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the cathode of the external power supply, and the second moving contact KM2 is internally connected to pin 3 of the first relay K1. Pin 6 of the first relay K1 is externally connected to the external power supply, and the first moving contact KM1 is internally connected to pin 6 of the first relay K1. Pin #4 of the first relay K1 is connected to the internal energy storage power supply and the second relay K2. Pin #5 of the first relay K1 is connected to the internal energy storage power supply, the positive terminal of the first diode D8, and the first end of the fifth resistor R18. The second end of the fifth resistor R18 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply via the second LED D10. When the first relay K1 is energized, pins #5 and #6 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the first moving contact KM1, and pins #3 and #4 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the second moving contact KM2. When the first relay K1 is de-energized, pins #6 and #7 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the first moving contact KM1, and pins #2 and #3 of the first relay K1 are internally connected through the second moving contact KM2.

5. A seamless power switching device for a radiation measurement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Pins 1 and 3 of the internal energy storage power supply are connected to the line between pin 4 of the first relay K1 and pin 3 of the second relay K2. Pins 1 and 3 of the internal energy storage power supply correspond to the Cg- and Bt- terminals of the internal energy storage power supply, respectively. Pin 2 of the internal energy storage power supply is connected between pin 5 of the first relay K1 and the positive terminal of the first diode D8. Pin 2 of the internal energy storage power supply corresponds to the Cg+ terminal of the internal energy storage power supply. Pin 4 of the internal energy storage power supply corresponds to the Bt+ terminal of the internal energy storage power supply. Pin 4 of the internal energy storage power supply is connected to the positive terminal of one of the second diodes D9. The negative terminals of the first diode D8 and the other second diode D9 are both connected to pin 6 of the second relay K2.

6. A seamless power switching device for a radiation measurement device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first relay K1 has its pin #1 connected to an external power supply and the negative terminal of the fourth diode D12. The first relay K1 has its pin #8 connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor R21 and the positive terminal of the fourth diode D12. The second terminal of the sixth resistor R21 is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. Pins #1 and #8 of the second relay K2 are internally connected via the coil of the second relay K2. Pins #2 and #7 of the second relay K2 have no external signal connected. Pin #3 of the second relay K2 is internally connected to the fourth moving contact KM4, and pin #6 of the second relay K2 is externally connected to the third moving contact KM3. The 4# pin of the second relay K2 is grounded, and the 5# pin of the second relay K2 is used to output voltage to the voltage regulator and filter output circuit. When the second relay K2 is energized, the 5# and 6# pins of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the third moving contact KM3, and the 3# and 4# pins of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the fourth moving contact KM4. When the second relay K2 is de-energized, the 6# and 7# pins of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the third moving contact KM3, and the 2# and 3# pins of the second relay K2 are internally connected through the fourth moving contact KM4.

7. The seamless power switching device for radiation measurement equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optocoupler is model CYTLP127, the field-effect transistor is model IRF7416TRPBF; the first relay K1 and the second relay K2 are both model HFD4 / 12, the first diode D8 and the second diode D9 are both model B340A, the third diode D11 and the fourth diode D12 are both model IN4148, and the internal energy storage power source is a lithium battery.

8. The seamless power switching device for radiation measurement equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The voltage output by the second relay K2 is filtered by the filter circuit in the voltage stabilization and filtering output circuit, and then enters the voltage stabilization circuit in the voltage stabilization and filtering output circuit for voltage regulation, outputting the voltage required by the radiation measurement equipment; the voltage stabilization and filtering output circuit is also equipped with a backup power supply or supercapacitor.

9. A method for seamless power switching in a radiation measurement device, characterized in that, Based on the seamless power switching device for radiation measurement equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: When no radiation measurement trigger signal is received and the external power supply is turned on, the voltage difference between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor causes the field-effect transistor to conduct, the first relay K1 is energized, and the circuit of the transient competitive power supply network is connected through the first relay K1. The control terminal of the second relay K2 is always kept energized. The external power supply reaches pin 5 of the first relay K1 via pin 6 and outputs three signals from pin 5: the first signal triggers the second LED D10 to light up, the second signal charges the internal energy storage power supply, and the third signal powers the second relay K2 via the first diode D8. The voltage output from pin 5 of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit, where it is filtered and regulated before being output to the radiation measurement equipment. Since the voltage drop from pin 5 of the first relay K1 after passing through the first diode D8 is lower than the voltage drop after passing through the internal energy storage power supply and the two second diodes D9, the external power supply prioritizes powering the radiation measurement equipment. When the radiation measurement equipment is ready to measure, in order to reduce the impact of power supply noise, the external power supply needs to be disconnected and the internal energy storage power supply needs to be used instead. A radiation measurement trigger signal is input to pin 1 of the optocoupler through the microcontroller. At this time, pin 1 of the optocoupler is at a high level and the optocoupler is turned on. Since the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the field-effect transistor is not enough to turn on the field-effect transistor, the field-effect transistor is turned off, which in turn causes the first relay K1 to lose power, cuts off the circuit of the external power supply entering the transient competitive power supply network through the first relay K1, and the second light-emitting diode D10 is turned off. At this time, the output of the internal energy storage power supply powers the second relay K2 through the two second diodes D9. Since the connection between the external power supply and the control terminal of the second relay K2 is always maintained, the second relay K2 is always energized. The output voltage of pin 5 of the second relay K2 is sent to the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit. After being filtered and regulated by the voltage regulation and filtering output circuit, the voltage is output to the radiation measurement equipment. After the measurement is completed, the radiation measurement trigger signal is no longer input to pin 1 of the optocoupler. At this time, pin 1 of the optocoupler is at a low level, and the external power supply is reconnected to power the radiation measurement equipment and charge the internal energy storage power supply.

Images