Modularized field long-term monitoring hive

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of artificial hives, in particular to a modularized field long-term monitoring hive which mainly comprises a main hive. The main nest box is of a box body structure with an opening in the top and used for providing living space for birds. The top opening of the main nest box is detachably connected with a monitoring equipment box through a connecting part to form a modular combination; the connecting part is of an axially-extending reducing structure, one end of the connecting part is matched with a connecting opening in the bottom of the monitoring equipment box, and the other end of the connecting part is matched with an opening in the top of the main nest box. A multi-stage reducing structure is arranged at the end matched with the main hive, and the size of each reducing stage corresponds to the size of an opening in the top of the main hive of different specifications, so that universal connection between the main hive of different specifications and the monitoring equipment box is achieved; the hive breaks through the traditional installation limitation, and the installation and use efficiency of monitoring equipment is greatly improved. And a single part can be conveniently detached and replaced, so that the maintenance difficulty and cost are reduced, and powerful support is provided for bird research and protection work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of artificial nest box technology, specifically to a modular long-term field monitoring nest box. Background Technology

[0002] Birds play crucial roles in ecosystems, such as seed dispersers and pest regulators, and are of great significance in maintaining ecological balance. Because their activities are highly sensitive to environmental changes, they have long been considered indicator species of habitat quality, and their diversity composition and distribution are important indicators for assessing ecosystem function.

[0003] In avian breeding behavior, nests are crucial as direct breeding grounds. Statistics show that at least 1838 bird species (approximately 20% of all bird species) choose to nest in tree cavities. However, 74% (1357 species) of these are secondary caving birds that do not dig their own cavities. These birds rely entirely on existing tree cavities for nesting, and if the number of natural nest cavities decreases or becomes scarce due to environmental changes, their populations are highly likely to decline sharply, even disappearing in some areas. This makes their population size and geographical distribution extremely sensitive to environmental changes.

[0004] To alleviate the survival crisis caused by the scarcity of natural nesting sites for birds, artificial nest boxes have become an effective means, enabling many secondary cave-nesting birds to breed. In environments where nesting sites are scarce, artificial nests can significantly improve the breeding success rate of secondary cave-nesting birds, greatly contributing to the protection of endangered bird species and the control of diseases and pests affecting these birds. Moreover, the openable nature of artificial nest boxes provides researchers with convenient access to observe the bird breeding process, making them an effective tool for studying avian reproductive behavior.

[0005] However, many problems exist in the practice of using artificial nest boxes for bird research and conservation:

[0006] 1. Different bird species exhibit significant differences in their preferred size for artificial nests. The diameter of the keel of the parent cave-nesting bird determines the diameter of the nest opening it chooses (generally slightly larger than the parent bird's keel diameter). To meet the habitat needs of the target bird species, nest boxes must be customized according to their body size. However, this leads to a lack of universality in the installation interfaces of monitoring equipment between individual nest boxes when integrating monitoring equipment, making the installation process extremely cumbersome and inefficient, thus greatly increasing economic costs, manpower investment, and time consumption.

[0007] 2. While nest boxes themselves are inexpensive, the cost of automated monitoring equipment is high, severely hindering their widespread deployment in large-scale, high-volume nest box deployments. With numerous nest boxes, it's difficult to equip each one with the necessary equipment, making comprehensive monitoring of bird breeding impossible. Furthermore, birds are selective about nest boxes; even with equipment installed, there's no guarantee that birds will be attracted to nest there, further reducing the equipment's efficiency.

[0008] 3. Traditional nest box designs tightly integrate monitoring equipment with the box itself. While this facilitates data collection and monitoring, in the event of equipment failure or nest box damage, the high degree of integration makes it impossible to repair or replace faulty components individually; the entire nest box must be disassembled. This significantly increases maintenance difficulty and workload, and frequent disassembly can damage the nest box and internal equipment, severely affecting the continuity and accuracy of data collection.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device with a flexible installation structure that can adapt to nest boxes of different bird sizes, enabling rapid and universal installation of monitoring equipment; reducing equipment costs; and increasing its deployment rate in large-scale nest boxes. This device will allow for continuous, efficient, and accurate comprehensive monitoring of bird breeding status, significantly promoting the development of bird research and conservation. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a modular long-term field monitoring nest box. The main nest box and monitoring equipment box are easily assembled using connecting components, successfully achieving modular construction. The variable diameter function of the connecting components can accommodate main nest boxes of different sizes, overcoming traditional installation limitations and significantly improving the efficiency of monitoring equipment installation and use. In case of equipment or nest box malfunctions, individual components can be easily disassembled and replaced, reducing maintenance difficulty and costs. Modular assembly also ensures the stability of data acquisition, providing strong support for bird research and conservation efforts.

[0011] Specifically, this utility model provides a modular long-term field monitoring nest box, including: a main nest box; the main nest box has a box structure with an open top, used to provide living space for birds;

[0012] The main nest box is detachably connected to a monitoring equipment box via connecting components at its top opening, forming a modular assembly;

[0013] The connecting component is an axially extending variable diameter structure, one end of which is adapted to the connection port at the bottom of the monitoring equipment box, and the other end is adapted to the opening at the top of the main nest box; the end adapted to the main nest box is provided with a multi-stage variable diameter structure, and the size of each variable diameter stage corresponds to the opening size at the top of the main nest box of different specifications, so as to realize the universal connection between the main nest box of different specifications and the monitoring equipment box.

[0014] Furthermore, the main nest box includes a wooden inner layer, a PVC pipe layer, and a bark outer shell arranged sequentially from the inside out, forming a three-layer concentric columnar structure;

[0015] The bark shell is fixed to the outer surface of the PVC pipe layer with clamps to attract birds to perch;

[0016] The inner layer of the wooden board is fixedly pasted to the inner wall of the PVC pipe layer to simulate the environment of a natural tree hole.

[0017] Furthermore, the connecting component is a connecting ring, which includes a main nest box connection port and a monitoring device connection port;

[0018] The outer diameter of the monitoring device connection port matches the inner diameter of the bottom connection port of the monitoring device box, and the two are tightly connected by plugging in.

[0019] The inner diameter of the main nest box connection port matches the outer diameter of the PVC pipe layer of the main nest box, and the two are tightly connected by plugging.

[0020] Furthermore, the main nest box has a wooden base plate at the bottom, which is fixed to the bottom with bolts to provide support for birds to perch; the main nest box has a nest entrance and exit, and a perch is set below the nest entrance and exit on the outside of the main nest box for birds to rest; a perch platform is set below the nest entrance and exit on the inside of the main nest box to provide a convenient transition platform for birds to enter the main nest box.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom of the monitoring equipment box is provided with monitoring holes and mounting holes, and the side is provided with lead wire holes;

[0022] The monitoring equipment accurately monitors bird activity through monitoring holes;

[0023] Mounting hole 302 is used to install a thermometer and hygrometer to monitor the temperature and humidity inside the main hive box in real time;

[0024] A conduit is installed on the lead hole to serve as a wiring channel.

[0025] Furthermore, the monitoring equipment box is equipped with monitoring equipment, communication equipment, and a thermometer and hygrometer; bird behavior data is collected through the monitoring equipment, and the data is transmitted to a remote server in real time through the communication equipment; the thermometer and hygrometer are used to monitor the temperature and humidity inside the main nest box and record the temperature and humidity environmental information inside and outside the nest.

[0026] Furthermore, the main nest box is provided with an installation groove for fixing the connector; the main nest box can be securely fixed to a tree, lamppost or other suitable hanging object through the connector.

[0027] Furthermore, it also includes a cover plate, the inner diameter of which is adapted to the monitoring equipment connection port of the connecting ring; when the monitoring equipment box is not installed, installing the cover plate can prevent rainwater and debris from falling into the main nest box.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes a power distribution box; the power distribution box is connected to the monitoring equipment box and is specifically designed to provide power to the equipment installed inside the monitoring equipment box; the power distribution box is equipped with batteries, which can continuously supply power to the equipment installed inside the monitoring equipment box when the external power supply is unstable.

[0029] Furthermore, the distribution box offers flexible power supply options. On one hand, it can be directly connected to the mains power supply. When the mains power supply is stable, it can provide continuous and stable power to the monitoring and communication equipment (such as routers, thermometers, and hygrometers) inside the box, ensuring normal operation and uninterrupted monitoring and transmission of bird behavior data and information on temperature and humidity within nest boxes. On the other hand, the distribution box can also be equipped with a solar power supply for auxiliary power. In the field, if the mains power supply is unstable or interrupted, the solar power supply can convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in batteries within the distribution box, continuously powering the equipment inside. This power supply method is not only energy-saving and environmentally friendly, but also enhances the reliability of the entire monitoring system in complex field environments, ensuring that monitoring work is unaffected by power fluctuations and achieving long-term stable operation.

[0030] Working principle: The main nest box 1, monitoring equipment box 3, and power distribution box 4 of the modular long-term field monitoring nest box are all independent and replaceable modules.

[0031] In use, the assembled main nest box 1 is installed on a selected hanging object, such as a tree, utility pole, or lamppost, using connector 10. The three-layer structure of the main nest box 1 can simulate a natural tree hole environment, thereby attracting birds to perch. Birds can perch on perches 107; birds can easily enter and exit the main nest box 1 through perches 107 and perches 108.

[0032] Install the appropriate connecting ring 2 onto the main nest box 1. When no birds are present, install the cover 203 to prevent rainwater and debris from falling into the main nest box 1; once birds are found to have settled there, open the cover 203 on the connecting ring 2, and then install the monitoring equipment box 3 equipped with monitoring devices.

[0033] The power distribution box 4 is connected to the monitoring equipment box 3 to provide power to the equipment inside the monitoring equipment box 3. When the external power supply is unstable, the battery in the power distribution box 4 can continue to power the equipment to ensure that the monitoring work continues to be stable.

[0034] The monitoring equipment 5 inside the monitoring equipment box 3 monitors bird activity and collects bird behavior data through the monitoring hole 301 at the bottom; the thermometer and hygrometer 7 monitors the temperature and humidity inside the main nest box 1 in real time through the mounting hole 302, and records the temperature and humidity environmental information inside and outside the nest. The communication equipment inside the monitoring equipment box 3 transmits the collected bird behavior data and temperature and humidity data to a remote server in real time for researchers to analyze and process.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. This utility model achieves modular combination of the main nest box and the monitoring equipment box through a detachable connection structure. Through the coordinated work of modular design, ecological simulation structure, intelligent monitoring system and power supply guarantee, it solves the problems of poor compatibility, single monitoring function and difficult maintenance of traditional nest boxes, and provides a highly adaptable, low-interference and long-cycle integrated monitoring platform for bird ecological research.

[0037] 2. The main nest box of this utility model adopts a three-layer concentric column structure consisting of a wooden inner layer, a PVC pipe layer, and a bark outer shell. The wooden inner layer simulates the environment of a natural tree hole, the PVC pipe layer provides stable long-term structural support, and the bark outer shell attracts birds to perch, which can effectively improve the birds' acceptance of the nest box and facilitate long-term monitoring of bird activities.

[0038] 3. The connecting component of this utility model adopts an axially extending variable diameter connecting ring, which adapts to the opening of the main nest box of different diameters through multiple size adaptations, solving the problem of poor compatibility between traditional nest boxes and monitoring equipment, and reducing the cost of equipment modification.

[0039] 4. The main nest box of this utility model is equipped with a wooden block base plate at the bottom for support, and a perch is provided below the bird nest entrance on the outside for birds to rest, and a perch platform is provided on the inside for birds to enter. This comprehensively optimizes the birds' living experience in the nest box and helps to attract birds to live there for a long time.

[0040] 5. The monitoring equipment box of this utility model is equipped with monitoring equipment, communication equipment and thermometer and hygrometer, which can realize the integrated functions of bird behavior data collection, temperature and humidity monitoring in nest box and real-time data transmission to remote server, so as to facilitate researchers to obtain information in a timely manner.

[0041] 6. The main nest box of this utility model has an installation slot, which is compatible with various connectors and can be fixed to various hanging objects such as trees and lampposts, adapting to different outdoor terrains and environmental conditions, thus expanding the scope of use of the nest box.

[0042] 7. When the monitoring equipment box is not installed, this utility model can effectively prevent rainwater and debris from falling into the main nest box by installing a cover plate whose inner diameter matches the connection port of the monitoring equipment. This protects the internal environment of the nest box and maintains good habitat conditions.

[0043] 8. The independent power distribution box of this utility model has a built-in battery pack, which can seamlessly switch to the backup power supply when the power supply is interrupted in the field, ensuring the continuous operation of the monitoring equipment, avoiding data loss, and improving the reliability of long-term monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the main nest box and the monitoring equipment box of this utility model;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the PVC pipe layer main nest box and the monitoring equipment box of this utility model;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the device of this utility model and the distribution box;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the device of this utility model;

[0048] Figure 5 This utility model relates to a device connected to a distribution box and a solar power supply device;

[0049] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the device of this utility model;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled PVC pipe layer main nest box and monitoring equipment box of this utility model;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a top view of the main nest box of the device of this utility model;

[0052] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the monitoring equipment box of this utility model.

[0053] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled connection ring and cover plate of this utility model;

[0054] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the connecting ring and the cover plate of this utility model;

[0055] Figure 12 This is one of the usage state diagrams of Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0056] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the monitoring equipment box of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 14 These are schematic diagrams of main nest boxes of different sizes according to this utility model;

[0058] Figure 15 This is the second usage state diagram of Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0059] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1—Main nest box, 101—Bird's nest entrance, 102—Inner layer of wooden board, 103—Bark outer shell, 104—Wooden bottom board, 105—PVC pipe layer, 107—Perch, 108—Perch platform, 109—Installation slot;

[0060] 2—Connecting ring, 201—Main nest box connection port, 202—Monitoring equipment connection port, 203—Cover plate;

[0061] 3—Monitoring equipment box, 301—Monitoring hole, 302—Mounting hole, 303—Lead hole, 3031—Conduit, 304—Bottom connection port;

[0062] 4—Distribution box; 401—Power cord;

[0063] 5—Monitoring equipment, 6—Router, 7—Thermometer and hygrometer, 8—Transmission line, 9—Solar power supply device, 10—Connector, 11—Bolt, 12—Clamp, 13—Tree, 14—Utility pole. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solution will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this utility model.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] like Figure 6 , 9 As shown in Figure 10, a modular long-term field monitoring nest box includes: a main nest box 1, a bird nest entrance / exit 101, a wooden inner layer 102, a bark outer shell 103, a wooden block bottom board 104, a PVC pipe layer 105, a perch 107, a perch platform 108, a mounting groove 109, a connecting ring 2, a main nest box connection port 201, a monitoring equipment connection port 202, a cover plate 203, a monitoring equipment box 3, a monitoring hole 301, a mounting hole 302, a lead wire hole 303, a wire conduit 3031, a bottom connection port 304, a power distribution box 4, a power cord 401, a monitoring device 5, a router 6, a thermometer / hygrometer 7, a transmission line 8, a solar power supply device 9, a connector 10, a bolt 11, and a clamp 12.

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, the main nest box 1 has a box structure with an open top, which is used to provide a biomimetic living space for birds; the monitoring equipment box 3 is detachably connected to the top opening of the main nest box 1 through connecting parts, forming a modular combination to reduce equipment redundancy costs.

[0068] like Figure 6 , 8 As shown, the main nest box 1 consists of a wooden inner layer 102, a PVC pipe layer 105, and a bark outer shell 103 arranged sequentially from the inside out, forming a three-layer concentric columnar structure. The wooden inner layer 102 is fixedly pasted to the inner wall of the PVC pipe layer 105 to simulate the rough inner wall environment of a natural tree cavity, increasing the birds' acceptance of it. The PVC pipe layer 105 serves as the main structural component, providing rigid support that is moisture-proof and corrosion-resistant. The bark outer shell 103 is fixedly wrapped around the outer surface of the PVC pipe layer 105 by clamps 12, used to camouflage the appearance of the nest box to blend into the natural environment, and is removable and replaceable to extend its service life. A wooden block base plate 104 is set at the bottom of the main nest box 1 and fixed to the bottom by bolts 11, providing stable support for the birds and facilitating cleaning and maintenance.

[0069] like Figure 6 , 8As shown, the nest entrance 101 is located in the main nest box 1, and the perch 107 is located below the nest entrance 101 on the outside of the main nest box 1 to attract birds to rest and reduce the difficulty of entering the nest box; the perch 108 is located below the nest entrance 101 on the inside of the main nest box 1 as a transition platform to reduce birds' stress response and improve the naturalness of monitoring data.

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown, the mounting slot 109 is provided on the main nest box 1 for fixing the connector 10; the main nest box 1 can be securely fixed to the tree through the connector 10.

[0071] like Figure 7 As shown, the connecting ring 2 is an axially extending variable diameter structure. One end is the main nest box connection port 201, the inner diameter of which matches the outer diameter of the PVC pipe layer 105 of the main nest box 1. The two are tightly connected by plugging, which simplifies the installation process and enhances mechanical stability. The other end is the monitoring equipment connection port 202, the outer diameter of which matches the inner diameter of the bottom connection port 304 of the monitoring equipment box 3. The two are tightly connected by plugging, which ensures the interface is sealed and prevents rainwater from seeping in.

[0072] like Figure 10 , 11 As shown, the inner diameter of the cover plate 203 is adapted to the monitoring equipment connection port 202 of the connecting ring 2; when the monitoring equipment box 3 is not installed, the cover plate 203 is installed to close the top opening of the main nest box 1 to prevent rainwater and fallen leaves from entering and causing the internal environment to deteriorate.

[0073] like Figure 9 As shown, the monitoring equipment box 3 has a monitoring hole 301 and a mounting hole 302 at the bottom, and a lead wire hole 303 on the side. The monitoring equipment 5 accurately monitors the activities of birds through the monitoring hole 301, and supports the directional collection of behavioral data by a high-definition camera or infrared sensor. The mounting hole 302 is used to install a thermometer and hygrometer 7 to regulate the microenvironment inside the nest box in real time to ensure the birds' survival comfort. A wire conduit 3031 is installed on the lead wire hole 303 to standardize the layout of the equipment wiring and avoid damage caused by tangling or animal chewing.

[0074] like Figure 13 As shown, the monitoring equipment box 3 is equipped with monitoring equipment 5, communication equipment and thermometer / hygrometer 7; bird behavior data is collected through monitoring equipment 5 and automated behavior analysis is achieved by combining image recognition technology;

[0075] like Figure 7 , 13As shown, the communication device in this embodiment uses router 6, which transmits data to a remote server in real time via transmission line 8, supporting long-term unattended monitoring and cloud data storage; thermometer and hygrometer 7 is used to monitor the temperature and humidity inside the main nest box 1 and record the temperature and humidity environmental information inside and outside the nest.

[0076] like Figure 3 As shown, the power distribution box 4 is connected to the monitoring equipment box 3 via power line 401, providing dual-mode power supply for the monitoring equipment 5; the power distribution box 4 is equipped with a battery, which automatically switches to the backup power supply when the external power is interrupted, ensuring the continuous operation of the monitoring equipment 5 and avoiding data loss.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the distribution box 4 is connected to the solar power supply device 9 and the mains power, providing dual-mode power supply.

[0078] In this embodiment, the main nest box 1, monitoring equipment box 3, and power distribution box 4 of the modular long-term field monitoring nest box are all independent and replaceable modules.

[0079] like Figure 15 As shown, in use, the assembled main nest box 1 is installed on the selected tree 13 with the help of connector 10. The main nest box 1 can simulate the environment of a natural tree hole, thereby attracting birds to perch. The outer side of the bird nest entrance 101 is provided with a perch 107 for birds to rest; the inner side is provided with a perch platform 108, which provides a convenient transition platform for birds to enter the main nest box 1.

[0080] Install the appropriate connecting ring 2 onto the main nest box 1. When no birds are present, install the cover 203 to prevent rainwater and debris from falling into the main nest box 1; once birds are found to have settled there, open the cover 203 on the connecting ring 2, and then install the monitoring equipment box 3 equipped with the monitoring equipment 5.

[0081] Connect the power distribution box 4 to the monitoring equipment box 3 to provide power to the equipment inside the monitoring equipment box 3.

[0082] In this embodiment, the distribution box 4 is connected to both the mains power and the solar power supply device 9. The solar power supply device 9 provides priority power, converting solar energy into electrical energy through solar panels and storing it in the battery inside the distribution box 4 to achieve clean energy utilization. The distribution box 4 integrates an intelligent control module that monitors the solar power supply status in real time. When the weather conditions are unfavorable (such as continuous rain or insufficient sunlight) and the solar power supply falls below the threshold, it automatically switches to the mains power supply mode to ensure the continuous operation of the monitoring device 5 and avoid data interruption.

[0083] The monitoring equipment 5 inside the monitoring equipment box 3 monitors bird activity and collects bird behavior data through the monitoring hole 301 at the bottom; the thermometer and hygrometer 7 monitors the temperature and humidity inside the main nest box 1 in real time through the mounting hole 302, and records the temperature and humidity environmental information inside and outside the nest. The router 6 inside the monitoring equipment box 3 works with the transmission line 8 to transmit the collected bird behavior data and temperature and humidity data to a remote server in real time for researchers to analyze and process.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] like Figure 12 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the assembled main nest box 1 is directly fixed to the utility pole 14 by the connector 10. The connector 10 adopts an adjustable clamping structure and its inner wall is provided with anti-slip rubber pads to adapt to utility poles 14 of different diameters and avoid damage to the cable surface.

[0086] The connector 10 is locked to the mounting groove 109 of the main nest box 1 by bolts 11 to ensure the stability of the nest box under strong winds or bird activity disturbances.

[0087] This embodiment supports installation on various hanging objects such as utility poles and light poles according to actual needs, and is especially suitable for densely populated urban power grid areas or along high-voltage cables in the wild, thus expanding the deployment range of the nest boxes.

[0088] It is suitable for various hanging scenarios, breaking away from the dependence of traditional nest boxes on trees or fixed supports; it provides breeding grounds for birds inhabiting urban environments and promotes harmonious coexistence between humans and wild animals.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] The difference from Embodiments 1 and 2 is that the power supply mode and the equipment in the monitoring equipment box 3 can be selected according to requirements. The specific improvements are as follows:

[0091] The distribution box 4 is connected to the monitoring equipment box 3 via a power cable 401. It supports a single power supply mode selection of mains power or solar power supply device 9. Users can choose one of the power supply methods according to the actual needs of the scenario. The first method is to directly connect to the external mains power through the distribution box 4, which is suitable for cities or suburban areas with stable power grid coverage. The second method is to charge the battery in the distribution box 4 through the solar power supply device 9, which is suitable for remote outdoor environments without mains power. The two modes are configured independently.

[0092] The mounting hole 302 of the monitoring equipment box 3 is an optional functional interface. Users can decide whether to install the thermometer and hygrometer 7 according to their monitoring needs. When installing the thermometer and hygrometer 7, the wire pipe 3031 is connected to the main nest box 1 through the lead hole 303 to collect environmental data in real time and transmit it to the remote server.

[0093] When the temperature and humidity meter 7 is not installed, the mounting hole 302 is sealed with a sealing plug to prevent dust or moisture from entering the equipment box 3.

[0094] In this embodiment, the single power supply mode and the optional temperature and humidity meter 7 reduce the redundant configuration of unnecessary equipment and lower the overall cost. Users can flexibly select the configuration for different areas (such as areas covered by the power grid / areas without electricity) and monitoring targets (basic behavior records / environmental parameter analysis). The simplified power supply system and modular interface design shorten the on-site deployment time and improve installation efficiency.

[0095] It should be understood that the above-described specific embodiments of this utility model are merely illustrative or explanatory of the principles of this utility model and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all variations and modifications falling within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or equivalent forms of such scope and boundaries.

Claims

1. A modular field long-term monitoring nest box comprising: Main nest box (1); characterized in that: the main nest box (1) has a box structure with an open top, used to provide living space for birds; The main nest box (1) is detachably connected to a monitoring equipment box (3) at its top opening via a connecting component, forming a modular assembly; The connecting component is an axially extending variable diameter structure, one end of which is adapted to the connection port at the bottom of the monitoring equipment box (3), and the other end is adapted to the top opening of the main nest box (1); the end adapted to the main nest box (1) is provided with a multi-stage variable diameter structure, and the size of each variable diameter stage corresponds to the top opening size of the main nest box (1) of different specifications, so as to realize the universal connection between the main nest box (1) of different specifications and the monitoring equipment box (3).

2. The modular field long-term monitoring nest box of claim 1, wherein: The main nest box (1) includes a wooden inner layer (102), a PVC pipe layer (105), and a bark outer shell (103) arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, forming a three-layer concentric column structure; The bark shell (103) is fixedly wrapped around the outer surface of the PVC pipe layer (105) by a clamp (12) to attract birds to perch; The inner layer (102) of the wooden board is fixedly pasted to the inner wall of the PVC pipe layer (105) to simulate the environment of a natural tree hole.

3. The modular field long-term monitoring nest box of claim 2, wherein: The connecting component is a connecting ring (2), which includes a main nest box connection port (201) and a monitoring device connection port (202); The outer diameter of the monitoring device connection port (202) matches the inner diameter of the bottom connection port (304) of the monitoring device box (3), and the two are tightly connected by plugging. The inner diameter of the main nest box connector (201) matches the outer diameter of the PVC pipe layer (105) of the main nest box (1), and the two are tightly connected by plugging.

4. The modular field long-term monitoring nest box of claim 1, wherein: The main nest box (1) has a wooden base plate (104) at the bottom, which is fixed to the bottom with bolts to provide support for birds to perch; the main nest box (1) has a bird nest entrance (101), and a perch (107) is set below the bird nest entrance (101) on the outside of the main nest box (1) for birds to rest; a perch platform (108) is set below the bird nest entrance (101) on the inside of the main nest box (1) to provide a convenient transition platform for birds to enter the main nest box (1).

5. The modular field long-term monitoring nest box of claim 1, wherein: The monitoring equipment box (3) has a monitoring hole (301) and a mounting hole (302) at the bottom, and a lead wire hole (303) on the side; The monitoring equipment accurately monitors bird activity through the monitoring port (301); The mounting hole (302) is used to install a thermometer and hygrometer to monitor the temperature and humidity inside the main nest box (1) in real time; A conduit (3031) is installed on the lead hole (303) as a line channel.

6. The modular, field long-term monitoring nest box of claim 5, wherein: The monitoring equipment box (3) is equipped with monitoring equipment, communication equipment and a thermometer and hygrometer. Bird behavior data is collected by the monitoring equipment and transmitted to a remote server in real time by the communication equipment. The thermometer and hygrometer are used to monitor the temperature and humidity inside the main nest box (1) and record the temperature and humidity environment information inside and outside the nest.

7. The modular, field long-term monitoring nest box of claim 1, wherein: The main nest box (1) has an installation slot (109) for fixing the connector; the main nest box (1) can be securely fixed to a tree, lamppost or other suitable hanging object through the connector.

8. The modular, field long-term monitoring nest box of claim 3, wherein: It also includes a cover plate (203), the inner diameter of which is adapted to the monitoring equipment connection port (202) of the connecting ring (2); when the monitoring equipment box (3) is not installed, installing the cover plate (203) can prevent rainwater and debris from falling into the main nest box (1).

9. The modular, field long-term monitoring nest box according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: It also includes a power distribution box (4); the power distribution box (4) is connected to the monitoring equipment box (3) and is specifically designed to provide power to the equipment installed in the monitoring equipment box (3); the power distribution box (4) is equipped with a battery, which can continuously supply power to the equipment installed in the monitoring equipment box (3) when the external power supply is unstable.

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