Flue gas electric dust collecting device for thermal power plant

Abstract

The application provides a flue gas electric dust removal capturing device for a thermal power plant, characterized in that the device comprises a dust remover body, an electrostatic dust removal mechanism, a rapping ash removal mechanism and a self-adaptive flue gas uniform flow mechanism, the dust remover body is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the electrostatic dust removal mechanism is arranged inside the dust remover body and is used for electric dust removal treatment of dust-containing flue gas; the rapping ash removal mechanism is arranged above the electrostatic dust removal mechanism and is used for removing dust accumulated on the electrode; the self-adaptive flue gas uniform flow mechanism is arranged inside the dust remover body and is arranged at a position close to the flue gas inlet and is used for uniformly distributing the flue gas entering the dust remover body. The self-adaptive flue gas uniform flow mechanism can dynamically and adaptively adjust the flue gas flow rate, control the flow rate of the gas inlet chamber section in the dust remover body, completely eliminate the high-speed scouring in the central area and the dust accumulation and load deviation in the edge area, improve the electric field utilization rate and the overall dust removal efficiency, and meet the ultra-low emission requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of electrostatic precipitator dust collection devices, specifically relating to an electrostatic precipitator dust collection device for flue gas in thermal power plants. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of thermal power plants, coal combustion produces a large amount of flue gas containing particulate matter. If this flue gas is directly released into the atmosphere, it will cause serious environmental pollution. Electrostatic precipitators, as a highly efficient and low-resistance flue gas purification device, are widely used in thermal power plants.

[0003] Currently, most existing electrostatic precipitators use structures such as fixed aperture distribution plates and fixed guide vanes for flow equalization. However, such structures are static designs and cannot adapt to the flow velocity changes caused by fluctuations in flue gas load in thermal power plants, resulting in limited flow equalization effects.

[0004] Specifically, in the central region with high flow velocity, the dust concentration carried by the flue gas is significantly higher, and the amount of dust carried by the electric field is too large. This not only reduces the dust charging efficiency but may also lead to electric field breakdown, thereby reducing the dust removal efficiency. In the edge region with low flow velocity, the electric field fails to fully utilize its dust removal capacity, and dust is prone to settling and accumulating, resulting in ash accumulation and uneven loading, which further reduces the overall dust removal efficiency and makes it difficult to meet the ultra-low emission requirements.

[0005] Furthermore, the high-speed flue gas carries a large amount of dust that concentrates on scouring the cathode barbed wire and anode dust collection plate in the central area. On the one hand, this will cause a sharp increase in the electric field load in this area, which can easily lead to corona blockage and may even damage the electrode equipment in severe cases. On the other hand, the scouring effect of the high-speed dust will accelerate the wear of the electrode plates and wires, shorten the service life of the electrode components, and increase the equipment maintenance cost.

[0006] Secondly, due to the low flow velocity in the edge area, the dust settling speed is accelerated, and the ash accumulation and unbalanced loading phenomenon is prominent. Although the flow velocity in the central area is high, the dust concentration is high and the amount of deposit is relatively large. This causes the rapping cleaning mechanism to work more frequently, which not only increases the energy consumption of the equipment, but also aggravates the wear of the rapping mechanism, further increasing the workload and cost of equipment maintenance, and affecting the continuity of thermal power plant production.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, it is necessary to propose a reasonably designed and effective flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants.

[0009] This invention provides a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for use in thermal power plants, comprising: The dust collector body is equipped with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. An electrostatic precipitator is installed inside the dust collector body and is used to perform electrostatic precipitator treatment on dust-laden flue gas. A rapping dust removal mechanism is located above the electrostatic dust removal mechanism and is used to remove accumulated dust from the electrodes; An adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism is installed inside the dust collector body and near the flue gas inlet to uniformly distribute the flue gas entering the dust collector body.

[0010] Optionally, the adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism includes a flow splitting component and several dispersing components; The diversion assembly includes a diversion plate installed inside the dust collector body, and the diversion plate has a plurality of diversion ports; The number of the dispersing components corresponds to the number of the diversion ports, and each of the dispersing components is respectively disposed at the opening of a group of diversion ports corresponding to it, for dispersing and guiding the flue gas passing through the diversion ports.

[0011] Optionally, the dispersion component includes a dispersion plate disposed on the side of the diversion port away from the flue gas inlet; The dispersion plate has several dispersion holes inside, which are used to evenly disperse the flue gas flowing through it. Guide posts are installed on both sides of the dispersion plate, and the guide posts pass through the flow divider plate and are slidably connected to the flow divider plate. The guide posts are used to guide the dispersion plate to move along the flue gas flow direction.

[0012] Optionally, a guide ring is installed at the outer edge of the dispersion plate, the guide ring being used to converge the flue gas towards the center of the dispersion plate.

[0013] Optionally, the guide ring is configured with a conical structure, and the conical opening of the guide ring points in the direction of flue gas flow.

[0014] Optionally, connecting steel wires are provided on both sides of the guide post; One end of the connecting steel wire is fixedly connected to the dispersion plate, and the other end of the connecting steel wire passes through the diversion plate and connects to the flow limiting component.

[0015] Optionally, the flow limiting component includes flow limiting plates disposed on the upper and lower sides of the flow diversion port, and the flow limiting plates are fixedly connected to the connecting steel wire.

[0016] Optionally, guide grooves are provided on both sides of the inside of the flow limiting plate, and guide rails are slidably connected inside the guide grooves; The guide rail is fixedly connected to the diverter plate, and an elastic element is also provided inside the guide groove.

[0017] Optionally, the electrostatic dust removal mechanism includes multiple sets of cathode barbed wires and multiple sets of anode dust collection plates; Both the cathode barbed wire and the anode dust collection plate are installed inside the dust collector body, with the anode dust collection plate located on both sides of the cathode barbed wire.

[0018] Optionally, the device further includes an ash hopper mechanism; The ash hopper mechanism is located below the electrostatic dust removal mechanism and is used to collect the dust that has been removed.

[0019] The flue gas electrostatic precipitator (ESP) dust collection device for thermal power plants provided by this invention utilizes an adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism located inside the ESP body near the flue gas inlet to uniformly distribute the flue gas entering the ESP body. This adaptive flow equalization mechanism dynamically and adaptively adjusts the flue gas velocity, controlling the flow velocity at the inlet chamber cross-section within the ESP body. This completely eliminates high-speed scouring in the central area and uneven dust accumulation at the edges, improving the electric field utilization rate and overall dust removal efficiency, thus meeting ultra-low emission requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for use in thermal power plants, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for a thermal power plant, according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the electrostatic dust removal mechanism in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the current shunting component and the current limiting component in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the dispersed component in another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants, including a dust collector body 100, an electrostatic dust removal mechanism 400, a rapping cleaning mechanism 500, and an adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism 700.

[0023] The dust collector body 100 is equipped with a flue gas inlet 200 and a flue gas outlet 300.

[0024] An electrostatic precipitator 400 is installed inside the dust collector body 100 and is used to perform electrostatic precipitator treatment on dust-laden flue gas. The rapping dust removal mechanism 500 is located above the electrostatic dust removal mechanism 400 and is used to remove the dust accumulated on the electrodes.

[0025] An adaptive flue gas equalization mechanism 700 is disposed inside the dust collector body 100 and near the flue gas inlet 200, for uniformly distributing the flue gas entering the dust collector body 100.

[0026] The flue gas electrostatic precipitator (ESP) dust collection device for thermal power plants provided by this invention utilizes an adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism located inside the ESP body near the flue gas inlet to uniformly distribute the flue gas entering the ESP body. This adaptive flow equalization mechanism dynamically and adaptively adjusts the flue gas velocity, controlling the flow velocity at the inlet chamber cross-section within the ESP body. This completely eliminates high-speed scouring in the central area and uneven dust accumulation at the edges, improving the electric field utilization rate and overall dust removal efficiency, thus meeting ultra-low emission requirements.

[0027] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism 700 includes a flow splitting component 710 and a plurality of dispersion components 720.

[0028] The diversion assembly 710 includes a diversion plate 711 installed inside the dust collector body 100, and the diversion plate 711 has a plurality of diversion ports 712. In this embodiment, the diversion ports 712 are distributed in a rectangular array. In other embodiments, the number and distribution of the diversion ports 712 can be designed according to actual needs and are not limited to the specific form described in this embodiment.

[0029] The number of the dispersing components 720 corresponds to the number of the diversion ports 712, and each of the dispersing components 720 is respectively disposed at the opening of a group of diversion ports 712 corresponding to it, for dispersing and guiding the flue gas passing through the diversion ports 712.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of the dispersing components 720 is the same as the number of the diversion ports 712. When the dust-laden flue gas enters the dust collector body 100 from the flue gas inlet 200, it first encounters the adaptive flue gas equalization mechanism 700. The flue gas is diverted by the various diversion ports 712 on the diversion plate 711, and then, through the dispersing effect of the dispersing components 720, the flue gas is evenly distributed into the electric field region where the electrostatic dust removal mechanism 400 is located.

[0031] In this embodiment, multiple diversion ports on the diversion plate are used in conjunction with the dispersion components to achieve initial diversion and subsequent dispersion of flue gas in multiple channels, providing a structural basis for uniform distribution of flue gas and improving the controllability of the flow equalization effect.

[0032] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, the dispersion component 720 includes a dispersion plate 721 disposed on the side of the diversion port 712 away from the flue gas inlet 200.

[0033] The dispersion plate 721 has a plurality of dispersion holes 722 inside, which are used to uniformly disperse the flue gas flowing through it. The shape of the dispersion holes 722 can be circular, square or elliptical, and their size and number can be designed according to the flue gas flow rate and dispersion requirements. The function of the dispersion holes 722 is to uniformly disperse the flue gas passing through the diversion port 712, so that the flue gas enters the electric field region in a uniform distribution state.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, guide posts 725 are installed on both sides of the dispersion plate 721, and the guide posts 725 pass through the diversion plate and are slidably connected to the diversion plate. The guide posts 725 are used to guide the dispersion plate 721 to move along the flue gas flow direction.

[0035] Specifically, the guide post 725 and the flow divider 711 are fitted with a sliding fit, which ensures that the guide post 725 moves smoothly along the flue gas flow direction and prevents the dispersion plate 721 from tilting or shifting. The function of the guide post 725 is to guide the dispersion plate 721 to move along the flue gas flow direction, ensuring the stability and reliability of the dispersion plate 721 during its movement.

[0036] In this embodiment, the dispersion plate performs secondary dispersion of flue gas through dispersion holes, while the guide post guides the dispersion plate to slide along the flue gas flow direction, so that the dispersion plate can adaptively adjust its position according to the flue gas flow rate and enhance the uniformity of flue gas.

[0037] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, in order to better guide the flow of flue gas, a guide ring 723 is installed at the outer edge of the dispersion plate 721. The guide ring 723 is used to converge the flue gas towards the center of the dispersion plate 721.

[0038] Specifically, the guide ring 723 is arranged in a conical structure, and the conical opening of the guide ring 723 points in the direction of flue gas flow.

[0039] In this embodiment, the conical guide ring can converge the flue gas around the dispersion plate to the center of the dispersion plate, allowing the flue gas to be better dispersed through the dispersion holes, thereby improving the dispersion effect. The guide ring adopts a conical structure with its opening pointing in the direction of flue gas flow, which can more effectively guide the flue gas to concentrate and flow towards the center of the dispersion plate, improving the guiding efficiency and reducing the flow resistance of the flue gas.

[0040] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, connecting steel wires 724 are provided on both sides of the guide post 725; one end of the connecting steel wire 724 is fixedly connected to the dispersion plate 721, and the other end of the connecting steel wire 724 passes through the diverter plate 711 and connects to the flow limiting component 730. The function of the connecting steel wire 724 is to transmit the displacement information of the dispersion plate 721 to the flow limiting component 730, so as to realize mechanical adaptive adjustment.

[0041] In this embodiment, the displacement of the dispersion plate is transmitted to the flow limiting component by connecting steel wires, realizing mechanical adaptive adjustment. This allows the system to automatically adjust the flow limiting degree according to changes in flue gas velocity without the need for external energy or control.

[0042] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the flow limiting component 730 includes flow limiting plates 731 disposed on the upper and lower sides of the flow diversion port 712, with the two flow limiting plates 731 located above and below the flow diversion port 712, respectively. The flow limiting plates 731 are fixedly connected to the connecting steel wire 724. When the dispersing plate 721 is displaced, the flow limiting plates 731 are driven to move synchronously through the connecting steel wire 724.

[0043] It is important to understand that when the internal flow velocity of the diversion port 712 near the flue gas inlet 200 is too high, the high-velocity flue gas exerts a significant thrust on the dispersion plate 721, pushing it towards the center of the diversion port 712, i.e., moving along the flue gas flow direction. The movement of the dispersion plate 721 is transmitted to the flow-limiting plate 731 via the connecting steel wire 724, causing the two flow-limiting plates 731 to move closer to the center of the diversion port 712.

[0044] As the flow restrictor 731 moves closer to the center, the effective flow diameter of the diversion port 712 gradually decreases, thus restricting the flow of flue gas passing through the diversion port 712. When the flow rate at the diversion port 712 decreases to a certain level, the thrust acting on the dispersion plate 721 also decreases, and the flow restrictor 731 begins to reset under the elastic force of the elastic element 734, and the effective flow diameter of the diversion port 712 gradually increases again. This is a dynamic adaptive adjustment process; the system automatically finds an equilibrium point to make the flue gas flow rates at each diversion port 712 tend to be equal.

[0045] Furthermore, to ensure the smoothness and reliability of the flow restrictor 731's movement, such as... Figure 6 As shown, guide grooves 732 are provided on both sides of the inside of the flow restrictor 731. Guide rails 733 are slidably connected inside the guide grooves 732, and the guide rails 733 are fixedly connected to the flow divider 711. The cooperation between the guide grooves 732 and the guide rails 733 is also a sliding cooperation, ensuring that the flow restrictor 731 can only move radially perpendicular to the flue gas flow direction, and will not tilt or get stuck.

[0046] Specifically, an elastic element 734 is also provided inside the guide groove 732. One end of the elastic element 734 is fixedly connected to the guide rail 733, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide groove 732. The function of the elastic element 734 is to provide a restoring force. When the flue gas velocity decreases and the thrust on the dispersion plate 721 decreases, the elastic force of the elastic element 734 pushes the flow limiting plate 731 to move away from the center of the diversion port 712, so that the diversion port 712 restores a larger effective flow diameter. The elastic element 734 can be a spring or the like; this embodiment does not impose a specific limitation, and it can be selected according to actual needs.

[0047] In this embodiment, the cooperation of the guide groove, guide rail and elastic element ensures that the flow limiting plate moves smoothly and resets reliably, improves the stability and response speed of adaptive adjustment, and avoids jamming or failure.

[0048] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the electrostatic dust removal mechanism 400 includes multiple sets of cathode barbed wires 410 and multiple sets of anode dust collection plates 420; the cathode barbed wires 410 and the anode dust collection plates 420 are both installed inside the dust collector body 100, and the anode dust collection plates 420 are located on both sides of the cathode barbed wires 410.

[0049] During operation, the cathode barbed wire 410 is connected to a high-voltage DC power supply, and its tip generates a strong corona discharge, ionizing the surrounding gas to generate a large number of free electrons and ions. When dust-laden flue gas passes through the electric field area, the dust particles collide with the ions and become charged. Under the action of the electric field force, they migrate towards the anode dust collection plate 420 and deposit on its surface, thereby achieving flue gas purification.

[0050] In this embodiment, a structure with multiple sets of cathode barbed wires and anode dust collection plates arranged alternately is adopted to enhance the electric field strength and dust charging efficiency, improve dust removal capacity, and at the same time provide sufficient dust removal conditions for uniformly distributed flue gas.

[0051] For example, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the device also includes a dust hopper mechanism 600; the dust hopper mechanism 600 is located below the electrostatic dust removal mechanism 400 and is used to collect the removed dust, prevent secondary dust generation, facilitate centralized dust treatment, and reduce maintenance difficulty.

[0052] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the working principle of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants provided by this invention is as follows: Dust-laden flue gas first enters the dust collector body 100 through the flue gas inlet 200. Several diversion ports 712 near the flue gas inlet 200 may experience high flue gas velocities due to direct airflow. Under the impetus of the high-speed flue gas, the dispersion plate 721 inside the diversion port 712 moves towards the center of the diversion port 712. Through the connecting steel wire 724, it drives the flow-limiting plate 731 to move closer to the center of the diversion port 712, reducing the effective flow diameter of the diversion port 712, thereby limiting the flue gas flow rate of the diversion port 712.

[0053] Meanwhile, the diversion port 712, located away from the flue gas inlet 200, experiences a lower flue gas velocity, resulting in a smaller thrust on its corresponding dispersion plate 721. The flow-limiting plate 731, under the action of the spring 734, maintains a larger opening, allowing more flue gas to pass through. Thus, through the adjustment of the adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism 700, the flue gas is evenly distributed to each diversion port 712, achieving a uniform distribution of the flue gas before entering the electric field region.

[0054] The uniformly distributed flue gas is further dispersed by the dispersion component 720 and guided by the dispersion holes 722 and guide ring 723 on the dispersion plate 721, allowing the flue gas to enter the electric field region of the electrostatic precipitator 400 more evenly. In the electrostatic precipitator 400, the cathode barbed wire 410 generates corona discharge to charge the dust particles. Under the action of the electric field force, the charged dust particles migrate towards the anode dust collecting plate 420 and deposit, achieving flue gas purification. The purified flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet 300.

[0055] As operating time increases, the dust layer accumulated on the anode dust collection plate 420 and the cathode barbed wire 410 gradually thickens, affecting dust removal efficiency. At this time, the rapping cleaning mechanism 500 is activated, periodically tapping and vibrating the cathode barbed wire 410 and the anode dust collection plate 420. The impact force generated by the rapping causes the accumulated dust to fall off and into the ash hopper mechanism 600 below. The dust collected by the ash hopper mechanism 600 is finally transported to the external ash discharge device, completing the entire collection and ash discharge process.

[0056] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flue gas electrostatic precipitator for collecting dust in thermal power plants, characterized in that, include: The dust collector body is equipped with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. An electrostatic precipitator is installed inside the dust collector body and is used to perform electrostatic precipitator treatment on dust-laden flue gas. A rapping dust removal mechanism is located above the electrostatic dust removal mechanism and is used to remove accumulated dust from the electrodes; An adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism is installed inside the dust collector body and near the flue gas inlet to uniformly distribute the flue gas entering the dust collector body.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive flue gas flow equalization mechanism includes a flow splitting component and several dispersing components; The diversion assembly includes a diversion plate installed inside the dust collector body, and the diversion plate has a plurality of diversion ports; The number of the dispersing components corresponds to the number of the diversion ports, and each of the dispersing components is respectively disposed at the opening of a group of diversion ports corresponding to it, for dispersing and guiding the flue gas passing through the diversion ports.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dispersion component includes a dispersion plate disposed on the side of the diversion port away from the flue gas inlet; The dispersion plate has several dispersion holes inside, which are used to evenly disperse the flue gas flowing through it. Guide posts are installed on both sides of the dispersion plate, and the guide posts pass through the flow divider plate and are slidably connected to the flow divider plate. The guide posts are used to guide the dispersion plate to move along the flue gas flow direction.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, A guide ring is installed at the outer edge of the dispersion plate, which is used to converge the flue gas towards the center of the dispersion plate.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide ring is arranged in a conical structure, and the conical opening of the guide ring points in the direction of flue gas flow.

6. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, Connecting steel wires are provided on both sides of the guide post; One end of the connecting steel wire is fixedly connected to the dispersion plate, and the other end of the connecting steel wire passes through the diversion plate and connects to the flow limiting component.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flow limiting component includes flow limiting plates disposed on the upper and lower sides of the flow diversion port, and the flow limiting plates are fixedly connected to the connecting steel wire.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flow restrictor has guide grooves on both sides inside, and guide rails are slidably connected inside the guide grooves. The guide rail is fixedly connected to the diverter plate, and an elastic element is also provided inside the guide groove.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrostatic dust removal mechanism includes multiple sets of cathode barbed wires and multiple sets of anode dust collection plates; Both the cathode barbed wire and the anode dust collection plate are installed inside the dust collector body, with the anode dust collection plate located on both sides of the cathode barbed wire.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes an ash hopper mechanism; The ash hopper mechanism is located below the electrostatic dust removal mechanism and is used to collect the dust that has been removed.

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