Civil air defense engineering wind well structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering, belonging to the field of civil defense engineering technology. It includes a ground surface, a ventilation shaft body on the ground, an enclosure connected to the upper side of the ventilation shaft body, and a ventilation structure rotatably connected to the enclosure; an opening / closing structure rotatably connected inside the enclosure and connected to the ventilation structure; a water collection structure mounted on the upper end of the opening / closing structure; and a wind-powered structure rotatably mounted on the upper end of the opening / closing structure. This invention relies on the water collection structure to drive the opening / closing structure using the gravity of rainwater and the wind-powered structure to drive the opening / closing structure using natural wind force. It can adaptively open and close or finely adjust the opening and closing blades according to rainfall and wind conditions. In rainy weather, it automatically closes the opening to prevent rainwater backflow and leakage; after rain, it automatically opens the windows for ventilation after the accumulated water is drained; and in windy weather, it automatically narrows the vents to prevent wind and dust and avoid abnormal internal wind pressure. A matching guide structure improves the stability of the transmission operation, achieving fully automatic adaptation of the ventilation shaft to various operating conditions. It has waterproof and windproof performance and high stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil defense engineering technology, specifically to a ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of the ventilation system in civil defense basements and wartime ventilation systems, ventilation shafts in civil defense projects play a core role in ventilation and air exchange in underground garages during peacetime and in cleaning, ventilation, and filtration of toxic gases during wartime. Current civil defense standards require that the structure of ventilation shafts must meet the needs of daily use and protection.

[0003] Currently, most ventilation shafts in civil defense projects are fixed ventilation opening structures, which can only achieve basic shielding and protection. They cannot automatically adjust the opening and closing of the ventilation openings according to rainfall and wind conditions. They have poor water seepage prevention in rainy weather and insufficient wind and dust suppression capabilities in windy weather. They are difficult to adapt to complex and ever-changing outdoor environments and cannot meet the requirements of stable ventilation, waterproofing, and windproofing in all weather conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation shaft structure for civil defense projects to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the inability of ventilation openings in civil defense engineering shafts to adaptively adjust, easy water seepage in rainy weather, and poor wind and dust protection in windy weather. This invention provides a civil defense engineering ventilation shaft structure that can adaptively open and close and finely adjust ventilation openings according to rainfall and wind conditions, achieving all-weather waterproof, windproof, and stable ventilation effects.

[0005] This invention provides a ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering, including a ground surface, a ventilation shaft body disposed on the ground surface, a fence connected to the upper side of the ventilation shaft body, and a ventilation structure rotatably connected to the fence, and further including:

[0006] The opening and closing structure is rotatably connected inside the enclosure and linked to the ventilation structure.

[0007] The upper end of the opening and closing structure is equipped with a water collection structure. The water collection structure can collect rainwater and use the gravity of the accumulated water to drive the opening and closing structure to operate, thereby driving the ventilation structure to rotate inside the enclosure and realizing the automatic closing of the ventilation structure.

[0008] The upper end of the opening and closing structure is also rotatably equipped with a wind-powered structure. The wind-powered structure can drive the opening and closing structure to operate by relying on wind power, thereby driving the ventilation structure to rotate inside the enclosure, realizing the automatic opening and closing adjustment of the ventilation structure.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation structure includes: a central cylinder connected to the inner wall of the ventilation shaft body via a support frame; a rotating rod, one end of which is rotatably connected to the enclosure, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the central cylinder; and an opening and closing flap connected to the rotating rod, with sealing strips connected to both sides of the opening and closing flap, and the two sets of opening and closing flaps connected by the sealing strips.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the opening and closing structure includes: a rotating ring rotatably connected inside the central cylinder, with a first bevel gear connected to the lower end of the rotating ring, and an arc-shaped groove formed on the inner wall of the rotating ring; a second bevel gear fixed to the end of the rotating rod near the central cylinder, with the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear meshing together; a piston component slidably connected inside the central cylinder; a lifting rod slidably connected inside the rotating ring, with its upper end fixedly connected to the piston component and its lower end connected to the inner wall of the central cylinder via a compression spring; and a sliding column fixed to the outer surface of the lifting rod, with its end slidably connected inside the arc-shaped groove.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water collection structure includes: a conical frame fixed to the upper end of the central cylinder; drainage holes circumferentially distributed on the piston; a drainage groove opened axially inside the lifting rod and communicating with the drainage holes; and a drainage pipe detachably connected to the end of the drainage groove.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the enclosure is provided with several sets of drainage ditches, the bottom of which is lower than the lower edge of the hinged flap in its closed state.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the rotating ring is provided with a guide structure, which is used to guide and limit the rotating ring. The guide structure includes: a guide groove formed on the inner wall of the rotating ring; and a guide frame fixed to the outer surface of the lifting rod, with its end slidably fitted inside the guide groove.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wind-powered structure includes: a U-shaped frame fixed to the upper side of a conical frame, with a rotating shaft rotatably connected internally; a fan blade fixed to the rotating shaft; an extension frame connected to the end of the rotating shaft away from the fan blade, with a sliding member slidably connected to its surface, the sliding member being connected to a piston via a linkage assembly; a rotating frame, one end hinged to the extension frame, the other end fixed with a gravity ball; and a connecting rod, one end hinged to the surface of the sliding member, the other end hinged to the middle of the rotating frame.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linkage component includes: a shaft rotatably connected to the central cylinder, with a cam and a gear fixed on its surface, the end of the cam being slidably connected to the surface of the piston; and a rack fixed to the side of the sliding member and meshing with the gear.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, louvers are provided on both sides of the ventilation shaft body.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention utilizes a water collection structure to drive the opening and closing mechanism using the gravity of rainwater and a wind-driven structure to drive the opening and closing mechanism using natural wind. It can adaptively open and close or finely adjust the opening and closing blades according to rainfall and wind conditions. In rainy weather, it automatically closes the opening to prevent rainwater backflow and leakage. After rain, it automatically opens the windows for ventilation when the accumulated water is drained. In windy weather, it automatically narrows the vent to prevent wind and dust and avoid abnormal internal wind pressure. The matching guide structure improves the stability of the transmission operation. The whole system realizes fully automatic operation of the ventilation shaft and has waterproof and windproof performance.

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a ventilation shaft in a civil defense project, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of the central tube of a ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing structure of a ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the central tube of a ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a linkage component for a ventilation shaft structure in a civil defense project.

[0026] Reference numerals: 1. Ground; 11. Ventilation shaft body; 110. Louver; 12. Enclosure; 120. Drainage ditch; 2. Ventilation structure; 21. Central cylinder; 22. Support frame; 23. Rotating rod; 24. Opening and closing flap; 3. Opening and closing structure; 31. Rotating ring; 32. First bevel gear; 33. Second bevel gear; 34. Lifting rod; 35. Sliding column; 36. Arc groove; 37. Linkage assembly; 371. Shaft; 372. Cam; 373, Gear; 374, Rack; 38, Piston; 39, Compression Spring; 4, Water Collection Structure; 41, Conical Frame; 42, Drain Hole; 43, Drainage Groove; 44, Drainage Pipe; 5, Guide Structure; 51, Guide Groove; 52, Guide Frame; 6, Wind Power Structure; 61, C-shaped Frame; 62, Rotating Shaft; 63, Fan Blade; 64, Extension Frame; 65, Sliding Part; 66, Rotating Frame; 67, Connecting Rod; 68, Gravity Ball. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0029] See Figures 1-6 A ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering includes a ground surface 1, on which a ventilation shaft body 11 is mounted. A fencing 12 is connected to the upper side of the ventilation shaft body 11, and a ventilation structure 2 is rotatably connected to the fencing 12. It also includes an opening and closing structure 3, rotatably connected inside the fencing 12 and connected to the ventilation structure 2. A water collection structure 4 is mounted on the upper end of the opening and closing structure 3. The water collection structure 4 can collect rainwater and use the gravity of the accumulated water to drive the opening and closing structure 3 to rotate, thereby driving the ventilation structure 2 to rotate inside the fencing 12, achieving automatic closing of the ventilation structure 2. A wind-powered structure 6 is also rotatably mounted on the upper end of the opening and closing structure 3. The wind-powered structure 6 can rely on wind power to drive the opening and closing structure 3 to rotate, thereby driving the ventilation structure 2 to rotate inside the fencing 12, achieving automatic opening and closing adjustment of the ventilation structure 2.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ventilation structure 2 includes: a central cylinder 21, which is connected to the inner wall of the ventilation shaft body 11 via a support frame 22; a rotating rod 23, one end of which is rotatably connected to the enclosure 12, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the central cylinder 21; and an opening and closing blade 24, which is connected to the rotating rod 23. Sealing strips are connected to both sides of the opening and closing blade 24, and the two sets of opening and closing blades 24 are connected by the sealing strips.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the opening and closing structure 3 includes: a rotating ring 31, rotatably connected inside the central cylinder 21, with a first bevel gear 32 connected to the lower end of the rotating ring 31, and an arc-shaped groove 36 formed on the inner wall of the rotating ring 31; a second bevel gear 33, fixed to the end of the rotating rod 23 near the central cylinder 21, with the first bevel gear 32 and the second bevel gear 33 meshing together; a piston 38, slidably connected inside the central cylinder 21; a lifting rod 34, slidably connected inside the rotating ring 31, with its upper end fixedly connected to the piston 38 and its lower end connected to the inner wall of the central cylinder 21 via a compression spring 39; and a sliding column 35, fixed to the outer surface of the lifting rod 34, with its end slidably connected inside the arc-shaped groove 36.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the ventilation shaft structure of the civil defense project of this application can realize the opening and closing of the ventilation channel at the top of the enclosure 12 through the opening and closing of the hinged flaps 24. When it rains, rainwater accumulates in the water collection structure 4. The gravity of the accumulated water presses down the piston 38, pushing the lifting rod 34 to move downward against the elastic force of the compression spring 39. The sliding column 35 on the outer side of the lifting rod 34 slides along the arc groove 36 on the inner wall of the rotating ring 31. Using the spiral guide of the arc groove 36, the vertical displacement of the lifting rod 34 is converted into the circumferential rotation of the rotating ring 31. The first bevel gear 32 at the bottom of the rotating ring 31 meshes and drives the second bevel gear 33 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the rotating rod 23 to rotate, causing multiple sets of hinged flaps 24 to fit together and close into a circular whole. With the sealing strip on the side of the hinged flaps 24, the ventilation opening is sealed, preventing rainwater from backflowing and seeping into the civil defense interior along the ventilation shaft body 11.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the water collection structure 4 includes: a conical frame 41, fixed to the upper end of the central cylinder 21; drainage holes 42, circumferentially distributed on the piston 38; a drainage groove 43, opened in the lifting rod 34 along the axial direction and communicating with the drainage holes 42; and a drainage pipe 44, detachably connected to the end of the drainage groove 43.

[0034] In this embodiment, the conical frame 41 has a structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, which can collect rainwater over a large area, allowing the rainwater to quickly converge above the piston 38 and stably form water pressure. This provides a continuous and uniform gravity driving force for the closing action of the opening and closing structure 3, ensuring the stable triggering of the automatic closing function of the ventilation opening at the upper end of the enclosure 12 in rainy weather. Several sets of drainage ditches 120 are provided on the enclosure 12. The bottom of the drainage ditches 120 is lower than the lower edge of the opening and closing leaf 24 in the closed state. Water accumulated on the circular surface formed by the closed opening and closing leaf 24 can be quickly discharged through the multiple sets of drainage ditches 120, effectively preventing rainwater from accumulating and overflowing on the surface of the opening and closing leaf 24, and preventing rainwater from seeping into the interior of the ventilation shaft body 11 from the splicing gaps of the opening and closing leaf 24, thereby improving the overall waterproof and seepage-proof performance of the ventilation shaft body 11.

[0035] After the rainfall ends, the accumulated water above the piston 38 can seep into the drainage groove 43 inside the lifting rod 34 through the drainage holes 42 arranged around the piston 38, and finally be discharged outward at a constant speed through the drainage pipe 44. As the water continues to drain, the gravity of the water above the piston 38 gradually decreases, and the compression spring 39 pulls the lifting rod 34 upward to reset by its own elastic tension. During this process, the sliding column 35 on the outer side of the lifting rod 34 slides in the opposite direction along the arc groove 36 on the inner wall of the rotating ring 31. Through the spiral guide structure of the arc groove 36, the vertical reset displacement of the lifting rod 34 is converted into the reverse circumferential rotation of the rotating ring 31. Then, through the meshing transmission of the first bevel gear 32 and the second bevel gear 33, the rotating rod 23 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction, driving each set of opening and closing blades 24 to open synchronously, reopening the ventilation channel at the top of the enclosure 12, so that the ventilation shaft body 11 returns to normal ventilation, and achieving an adaptive operation effect of closing in rainy weather and automatically opening in sunny weather.

[0036] Furthermore, the drain pipe 44 adopts a detachable structure, specifically a clamp connection, which facilitates the staff to regularly disassemble and inspect the drain pipe 44, unclog the drain channel 43 and drain hole 42, avoid the accumulation of mud and debris causing drainage blockage, ensure the drainage efficiency and overall response accuracy of the water collection structure 4, and effectively improve the long-term stability and service life of the equipment.

[0037] In this embodiment, the surface of the rotating ring 31 is provided with a guide structure 5, which is used to guide and limit the rotating ring 31. The guide structure 5 includes: a guide groove 51, which is formed on the inner wall of the rotating ring 31; and a guide frame 52, which is fixed on the outer surface of the lifting rod 34 and whose end is slidably fitted inside the guide groove 51.

[0038] When the lifting rod 34 drives the rotating ring 31 to rotate inside the central cylinder 21 through the cooperation of the sliding column 35 and the arc groove 36, the rotating ring 31 can synchronously drive the guide frame 52 to slide inside the guide groove 51. The guide groove 51 and the guide frame 52 can guide and limit the rotating ring 31, thereby improving the stability of the rotating ring 31 during rotation.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the wind power structure 6 includes: a U-shaped frame 61, fixed to the upper side of the conical frame 41, with a rotating shaft 62 rotatably connected internally; a fan blade 63, fixed to the rotating shaft 62; an extension frame 64, connected to the end of the rotating shaft 62 away from the fan blade 63, with a sliding member 65 slidably connected to its surface, the sliding member 65 being connected to a piston member 38 via a linkage assembly 37; a rotating frame 66, one end of which is hinged to the extension frame 64, and the other end of which is fixed with a gravity ball 68; and a connecting rod 67, one end of which is hinged to the surface of the sliding member 65, and the other end of which is hinged to the middle of the rotating frame 66.

[0040] In this embodiment, as Figure 6 As shown, the linkage component 37 includes: a shaft 371, rotatably connected to the central cylinder 21, with a cam 372 and a gear 373 fixed on its surface, the end of the cam 372 being slidably connected to the surface of the piston component 38; and a rack 374, fixed to the side of the sliding component 65, meshing with the gear 373.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, before rain, which is usually accompanied by strong winds, the natural airflow impacts the fan blades 63, causing the rotating shaft 62 to rotate inside the U-shaped frame 61. The rotating shaft 62 simultaneously drives the extension frame 64 to swing around the axis. In the absence of wind or in the presence of a light breeze, the gravity ball 68 relies on its own weight to pull the rotating frame 66 downwards naturally.

[0042] As the outdoor wind gradually strengthens, the strong wind drives the fan blade 63 to rotate at high speed. Under the action of centrifugal force, the gravity ball 68 is thrown outward, pulling the rotating frame 66 upward around the hinge end. The rotating frame 66 pulls the sliding member 65 to slide upward along the extension frame 64 via the connecting rod 67. During the sliding process, the sliding member 65 drives the rack 374 fixed on the side to move synchronously. Through the meshing transmission between the rack 374 and the gear 373, the shaft 371 is driven to rotate in a specific direction. The shaft 371 drives the cam 372 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation of cam 372, its convex end gradually pushes piston 38 downward within the central cylinder 21. Simultaneously, piston 38 pushes lifting rod 34 downward against the spring force of compression spring 39. Sliding column 35 on the outer side of lifting rod 34 slides along the arc-shaped groove 36 on the inner wall of rotating ring 31. Utilizing the helical guidance of the arc-shaped groove 36, the vertical displacement of lifting rod 34 is converted into the circumferential rotation of rotating ring 31. The first bevel gear 32 at the bottom of rotating ring 31 meshes with and drives the second bevel gear 33 to rotate, simultaneously driving rotating rod 23 to rotate, causing multiple sets of opening and closing blades 24 to close together as a circular unit. Specifically, the greater the wind force, the greater the amplitude of gravity ball 68's swing, the longer the sliding stroke of sliding member 65, the greater the rotation angle of cam 372, and the corresponding change in the displacement of piston 38, thus achieving adaptive adjustment of the closing degree of opening and closing blades 24 according to wind force.

[0043] When strong winds occur without rain, the wind-driven structure 6 can drive the ventilation structure 2 to close slightly in advance, reducing the ventilation opening diameter of the ventilation shaft and effectively preventing strong winds from directly entering the ventilation shaft body 11. This avoids sudden changes in wind pressure and turbulent airflow inside the civil defense project. At the same time, it can prevent sand and debris from being blown into the ventilation shaft by strong winds, thus achieving a windproof and dustproof protective effect.

[0044] When the wind weakens and the strong winds end, the centrifugal force of the gravity ball 68 disappears, and it returns to its original position and falls under its own weight. This causes the rotating frame 66 and connecting rod 67 to return to their original positions, the sliding part 65 to slide in the opposite direction, the driving cam 372 to rotate and return to its original position, the piston part 38 to release its push limit, and it returns to its original position upward under the action of the compression spring 39. The opening and closing flap 24 reopens, restoring normal ventilation.

[0045] In the civil defense engineering ventilation shaft structure of this application, the opening and closing blade 24 slightly narrows the ventilation opening at the top of the ventilation shaft body 11 when the wind is light, and further narrows the ventilation opening when the wind is strong to prevent sand and debris from entering the ventilation shaft body 11; after the wind force drops to normal, the gravity ball 68 falls back to its original position by its own weight, the entire transmission mechanism returns to its original position in the reverse direction, and the opening and closing blade 24 fully unfolds to restore ventilation.

[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, louvers 110 are provided on both sides of the ventilation shaft body 11. The louvers 110 provided on the side walls of the ventilation shaft body 11 form a supporting auxiliary ventilation structure. When the top opening and closing blades 24 are fully closed, the inclined louvers 110 retain a ventilation passage to prevent the air from accumulating and becoming compressed inside the air-raid shelter. At the same time, the blade tilt angle blocks lateral rain and horizontal wind and sand from entering the shaft. Together with the top adaptive opening and closing ventilation structure 2, they form a double-layer waterproof and windproof protective structure.

[0047] The working principle of this invention is as follows: In a clear and windless environment, the water collection structure 4 has no water accumulation, the wind power structure 6 has no downward pressure load, the compression spring 39 remains in the lifting state, the opening and closing leaf 24 is fully opened, and the air-raid shelter relies on the ventilation channel at the upper end of the enclosure 12 for normal ventilation.

[0048] In a light breeze before rain, the wind turbine blades 63 of the wind turbine structure 6 rotate at low speed, the gravity ball 68 hangs down naturally due to its own weight, the sliding part 65 remains stationary at a low position, the cam 372 has no top pushing action, the piston part 38 is not pressed down by external force, the opening and closing blades 24 remain in a fully open ventilation state, and the ventilation shaft body 11 achieves full-area convection ventilation by relying on the top opening and the side wall louvers 110.

[0049] After rainfall, the conical frame 41 quickly collects rainwater, which accumulates on the upper surface of the piston 38. The weight of the water overcomes the elastic force of the compression spring 39 and presses down on the piston 38. The lifting rod 34 then moves downward, and the sliding column 35 slides spirally along the arc groove 36, driving the rotating ring 31 to rotate circumferentially. Through the meshing transmission of the first bevel gear 32 and the second bevel gear 33, the rotating rods 23 are driven to rotate. All the opening and closing leaves 24 close and the sealing strips press against each other to seal the top ventilation opening. The rainwater accumulated on the top of the enclosure 12 is discharged outward along the annular drainage ditch 120, preventing water from seeping into the ventilation shaft body 11.

[0050] If rainfall is accompanied by strong winds, the wind-powered structure 6 will take effect simultaneously. The strong winds will drive the wind turbine 63 to rotate at high speed. The gravity ball 68 will be lifted by centrifugal force, raising the rotating frame 66. The sliding part 65 will be pulled upward by the connecting rod 67. The rack 374 will be linked to the gear 373 and the cam 372 to press the piston 38. The combined effect of the gravity of the accumulated water and the driving force of the wind will accelerate the sealing of the opening and closing blades 24, further strengthening the top sealing, waterproofing and windproofing effect. The stability is high, and the stronger the wind, the higher the degree of sealing of the opening and closing blades.

[0051] After the rain stops, the water accumulated above the piston 38 flows into the drainage groove 43 inside the lifting rod 34 through the drainage hole 42, and is eventually discharged at a constant speed from the drainage pipe 44. As the water load gradually disappears, the compression spring 39 rebounds and pulls the lifting rod 34 to reset upward. The sliding column 35 slides in the opposite direction along the arc groove 36, causing the rotating ring 31 to reverse. The opening and closing leaf 24 then opens layer by layer, and the top ventilation channel reopens.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows for communication; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering, comprising a ground surface (1), wherein a ventilation shaft body (11) is provided on the ground surface (1), characterized in that, The upper side of the ventilation shaft body (11) is connected to a fence (12), and a ventilation structure (2) is rotatably connected to the fence (12), and also includes: The opening and closing structure (3) is rotatably connected inside the enclosure (12) and connected to the ventilation structure (2); The upper end of the opening and closing structure (3) is equipped with a water collection structure (4). The water collection structure (4) can collect rainwater and use the gravity of the accumulated water to drive the opening and closing structure (3) to operate, thereby driving the ventilation structure (2) to rotate inside the enclosure (12) and realize the automatic closing of the ventilation structure (2). The upper end of the opening and closing structure (3) is also rotatably equipped with a wind-powered structure (6). The wind-powered structure (6) can drive the opening and closing structure (3) to operate by relying on wind power, thereby driving the ventilation structure (2) to rotate inside the enclosure (12) and realizing the automatic opening and closing adjustment of the ventilation structure (2).

2. The ventilation shaft structure for civil defense projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation structure (2) includes: The central cylinder (21) is connected to the inner wall of the ventilation shaft body (11) via a support frame (22); The rotating rod (23) is rotatably connected at one end to the enclosure (12) and at the other end to the central cylinder (21); The hinge (24) is connected to the rotating rod (23). The two sides of the hinge (24) are connected with sealing strips, and the two sets of hinges (24) are connected by sealing strips.

3. The ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The opening and closing structure (3) includes: A rotating ring (31) is rotatably connected inside the central cylinder (21). The lower end of the rotating ring (31) is connected to a first bevel gear (32). An arc groove (36) is provided on the inner wall of the rotating ring (31). The second bevel gear (33) is fixed at the end of the rotating rod (23) near the central cylinder (21), and the first bevel gear (32) and the second bevel gear (33) are meshed together. The piston component (38) is sealed and slidably connected inside the central cylinder (21); The lifting rod (34) is slidably connected inside the rotating ring (31), with its upper end fixedly connected to the piston (38) and its lower end connected to the inner wall of the central cylinder (21) via a compression spring (39). The sliding column (35) is fixed on the outer surface of the lifting rod (34), and its end is slidably connected inside the arc groove (36).

4. The ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water collection structure (4) includes: A conical frame (41) is fixed to the upper end of the central cylinder (21); Drainage holes (42) are circumferentially distributed on the piston part (38); A drainage groove (43) is formed inside the lifting rod (34) along the axial direction and is connected to the drainage hole (42); The drain pipe (44) is detachably connected to the end of the drain trough (43).

5. The ventilation shaft structure for civil defense projects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The enclosure (12) is provided with several sets of drainage ditches (120), the bottom of which is lower than the lower edge of the hinge (24) in the closed state.

6. The ventilation shaft structure for civil defense projects according to claim 5, characterized in that, The surface of the rotating ring (31) is provided with a guide structure (5), which is used to guide and limit the rotating ring (31). The guide structure (5) includes: a guide groove (51) opened on the inner wall of the rotating ring (31); and a guide frame (52) fixed on the outer surface of the lifting rod (34) with its end slidingly fitted inside the guide groove (51).

7. The ventilation shaft structure for civil defense engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, The wind-powered structure (6) includes: The U-shaped frame (61) is fixed on the upper side of the conical frame (41), and a rotating shaft (62) is rotatably connected inside; The fan blade (63) is fixed on the rotating shaft (62); An extension frame (64) is connected to the end of the rotating shaft (62) away from the fan blade (63), and a sliding member (65) is slidably connected to its surface. The sliding member (65) is connected to the piston member (38) through a linkage assembly (37). The rotating frame (66) is hinged at one end to the extension frame (64), and a gravity ball (68) is fixed at the other end; The connecting rod (67) is hinged at one end to the surface of the sliding member (65) and at the other end to the middle of the rotating frame (66).

8. The ventilation shaft structure for civil defense projects according to claim 7, characterized in that, The linkage component (37) includes: The shaft (371) is rotatably connected to the central cylinder (21), and a cam (372) and a gear (373) are fixed on its surface. The end of the cam (372) is slidably connected to the surface of the piston (38). The rack (374) is fixed to the side of the slider (65) and meshes with the gear (373).

9. The ventilation shaft structure for civil defense projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation shaft body (11) is provided with louvers (110) on both sides.

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