High-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep water exploration and its transmitting and receiving method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of underwater acoustic transducers, in particular to a high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep water detection and a transmitting and receiving method thereof. The transducer greatly enhances the deep-sea environmental adaptability and structural safety. The pressure-bearing cabin comprises a pressure-bearing inner container and a sleeved pressure-bearing outer shell. A power supply module and a detection module are arranged in the pressure-bearing inner container. A water inlet cabin is arranged on one side of the pressure-bearing cabin. A sealing cover is arranged between the pressure-bearing cabin and the water inlet cabin. A piezoelectric ceramic stack group is arranged on the sealing cover. A sealed sound transmission cabin is arranged outside the piezoelectric ceramic stack group. The piezoelectric ceramic stack group significantly increases the effective electromechanical conversion area, improves the conversion efficiency of sound energy and electric energy, improves the emission sound source level and the receiving sensitivity through vibration energy, enhances the system detection distance and the weak signal capturing capacity, flexibly adjusts the equivalent capacitance and impedance through series and parallel connection, better matches the emission power amplifier and the preamplifier, reduces the driving loss, improves the working stability, disperses the stress, and improves the vibration uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater acoustic transducer technology, specifically to a high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration and its transceiver method. Background Technology

[0002] Underwater acoustic transducers are key technical equipment for marine exploration and marine engineering. Their performance directly determines the quality of underwater acoustic detection. With the advancement and development of underwater acoustic technology and the increasing demands from both civilian and military fields, the performance requirements for underwater acoustic transducers are becoming increasingly stringent.

[0003] During deep-sea exploration, long distances are required, necessitating the use of low-frequency transducers. This is because seawater has low absorption of low-frequency bands. However, low-frequency transducers are large in size and weight, and deep-sea equipment has limited space, requiring multi-element arrays. This results in extremely high manufacturing and usage costs, making it impossible to achieve the transfer and conversion of high-energy.

[0004] Submerged underwater acoustic transducers in highly corrosive deep water environments for extended periods, subjected to deep-water pressure cycles, cause component deformation and failure, resulting in performance degradation, poor impedance matching, and low efficiency.

[0005] Deep-sea exploration mostly uses surface power supply. During long-distance transmission, various uncontrollable factors can occur in the power cable. The influence of ocean currents at the bottom of the sea or the migration and swimming of marine life can cause the cable to deviate from its trajectory and float, causing the underwater acoustic transducer to deviate from its detection position, making it impossible to control the detection trajectory of the underwater acoustic transducer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-energy underwater acoustic transducer and its transceiver method for deep-water exploration, addressing the problems mentioned in the background art. This invention utilizes multiple piezoelectric ceramic crystal stacks to form a stack group, significantly increasing the effective electromechanical conversion area and improving the conversion efficiency between acoustic and electrical energy. The synergistic vibration of the multi-crystal stack enhances the transmitting sound source level and receiving sensitivity, increasing the system's detection range and weak signal acquisition capability. Simultaneously, by flexibly adjusting the equivalent capacitance and impedance through series and parallel connections, it better matches the transmitting power amplifier and preamplifier, reducing drive losses and improving operational stability. The multi-crystal stack structure also disperses stress and improves vibration uniformity. The localized power supply module and front-end signal acquisition significantly shorten signal transmission distance, reducing noise and interference introduced by long-distance transmission and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal. Independent power supply ensures stable transducer operation, unaffected by remote power fluctuations. Real-time acquisition of operating environment and status parameters (pressure, temperature, conductivity) through detection modules for piezoelectric characteristic compensation, sound velocity correction, and fault monitoring improves system measurement accuracy, reliability, and environmental adaptability, while also enhancing the transducer's integration and independent operating capability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration, comprising a sealed pressure chamber, the pressure chamber including a pressure-bearing inner liner and a pressure-bearing outer shell, a power supply module and a detection module being provided in the pressure-bearing inner liner, a water inlet chamber being provided on one side of the pressure chamber, a sealing cover being provided between the pressure chamber and the water inlet chamber, a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly being installed on the sealing cover, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly extending axially into the water inlet chamber, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly being pressed between the sealing cover and the bottom surface of the water inlet chamber, and a sealed acoustically transparent chamber being provided outside the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack consists of several piezoelectric ceramic crystal stacks arranged in parallel and in the same direction. Each piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack includes a metal fixing post, an insulating sleeve is fitted on the metal fixing post, and piezoelectric ceramic sheets are sequentially stacked and passed through the metal fixing post along the axial direction. An intermediate electrode sheet is provided between every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets. A negative electrode sheet is provided at the lower end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet group, and a horn head connected to the metal fixing post is provided at the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet group.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate electrode sheet is connected to the positive electrode lead, and several positive electrode leads are connected in series to form a positive electrode bundle, and the end of the positive electrode bundle is provided with a watertight connector.

[0010] The negative electrode sheet is connected to a negative electrode lead, and several negative electrode leads are connected in series to form a negative electrode bundle. The end of the negative electrode bundle is provided with a watertight connector, which is sealed and installed on a sealing cover. The sealing cover is provided with a connector mounting hole, and a sealing mounting ring is provided between the watertight connector and the connector mounting hole.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the water inlet chamber is a cylindrical cover with a bottom surface. The cylindrical cover has a water inlet hole on its wall for water to flow freely in and out. The bottom plate of the cylindrical cover has a positioning hole for the horn head, and a sealing insulating gasket is provided between the positioning hole and the horn head.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the sealed acoustic chamber includes a sealed acoustic cylinder, and a sealed cavity is formed between the sealed acoustic cylinder, the cylindrical cover bottom plate, and the sealing cover, and the sealed cavity is filled with sonar oil.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the pressure-bearing inner liner and the pressure-bearing outer shell, as well as the pressure-bearing inner liner, are filled with sonar oil. The detection module includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a conductivity sensor, the main body of which is disposed inside the pressure-bearing inner liner. The probe of the conductivity sensor extends to the outside of the sealed acoustic chamber through a sealing cover, and the probes of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor extend to the inside of the sealed acoustic chamber through a sealing cover. The probes are sealed with epoxy potting through the through holes on the sealing cover.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the power supply module includes a lithium battery pack and an electroacoustic conversion interface circuit, the electroacoustic conversion interface circuit including a preamplifier and a transmitting power amplifier; The electroacoustic conversion interface circuit is electrically connected to the positive and negative electrode harnesses via a conversion switch. The lithium battery pack is also electrically connected to the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and conductivity sensor.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a method for transmitting and receiving a high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration includes the following steps: Step 1: Seawater enters the water intake chamber and comes into direct contact with the outer surface of the sealed acoustic chamber. The seawater pressure and environmental noise act on the acoustic interface to generate target echo sound waves. Step 2: The target echo sound wave passes through the sealed acoustic barrier and enters the sealed acoustic barrier filled with sonar oil, where it is coupled through the sonar oil and transmitted into the interior without loss. Step 3: The target echo sound wave reaches the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack through the sonar oil, exciting the crystal stack to produce mechanical vibration, and converting the sound energy into an alternating electrical signal using the positive piezoelectric effect; Step 4: The weak electrical signals output by the coordinated vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack are superimposed and sent to the preamplifier in the pressure chamber for amplification and conditioning via the positive and negative leads; Step 5: Temperature and pressure sensors monitor the working temperature and internal oil pressure of the sealed acoustic chamber in real time to provide data for system compensation; Step 6: The conductivity sensor is installed in the water inlet chamber or on the outside of the underwater acoustic transducer, in direct contact with seawater, to measure the conductivity of seawater in real time and correct the sound velocity of seawater. Step 7: The power supply and connection circuit provides power to the preamplifier, transmitter amplifier, and sensor module, and switches between transmit drive and signal reception via the transceiver switch.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention includes a sealed pressure chamber, which has waterproof, dustproof and impact-resistant properties, greatly enhancing the deep-sea environment adaptability and structural safety of the transducer.

[0017] The pressure chamber includes a pressure-bearing inner liner and a pressure-bearing outer shell. The pressure-bearing inner liner is equipped with a power supply module and a detection module, completely isolating it from seawater to avoid corrosion, short circuits and leakage, thus improving long-term operational reliability.

[0018] A water inlet chamber is located on one side of the pressure chamber. A sealing cover is installed between the pressure chamber and the water inlet chamber. A piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly is mounted on the sealing cover, extending axially into the water inlet chamber. The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly is pressed between the sealing cover and the bottom surface of the water inlet chamber. A sealed sound-permeable chamber is located outside the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly. The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly is in a stable sealed environment, ensuring long-term stability of electrical insulation and electromechanical conversion performance. The sealed oil-filled structure can achieve deep-water pressure balance, offsetting the compressive stress of external high pressure on the ceramic, reducing the risk of cracking failure, and improving structural strength and service life. It also includes the following advantages; A piezoelectric ceramic stack assembly consists of several parallel and unidirectional piezoelectric ceramic stacks. By combining multiple piezoelectric ceramic stacks into a stack assembly, the effective electromechanical conversion area is significantly increased, improving the conversion efficiency of acoustic energy to electrical energy. The synergistic vibration of the multi-crystal stack can enhance the transmitting sound source level and receiving sensitivity, thereby increasing the system's detection distance and ability to capture weak signals. At the same time, by flexibly adjusting the equivalent capacitance and impedance through series and parallel combinations, the transmitting power amplifier and preamplifier can be better matched, reducing drive loss and improving operational stability. The multi-crystal stack structure can also disperse stress and improve vibration uniformity.

[0019] The piezoelectric ceramic stack includes a metal fixing post, an insulating sleeve on the metal fixing post, and piezoelectric ceramic sheets stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the metal fixing post. This effectively blocks the electrical path between the fixing post and the electrodes, preventing short circuits, leakage, and signal shunting between the positive and negative electrodes, ensuring piezoelectric conversion efficiency and output signal integrity. At the same time, it avoids interference from the metal fixing post to the ceramic polarization electric field, maintaining stable electromechanical conversion performance.

[0020] (3) The upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic plate assembly is provided with a horn head connected to a metal fixing post. Multiple horn heads arranged in the same direction increase the vibration radiation area, improve the acoustic impedance matching with seawater, enhance the sound wave emission efficiency and sound source level, and enhance the detection distance; at the same time, they can optimize the sound field directivity, so that the energy is radiated forward more concentratedly.

[0021] (4) The sealed acoustic chamber includes a sealed acoustic tube, which forms a sealed cavity with the cylindrical cover bottom plate and the sealing cover. The sealed cavity is filled with sonar oil. This improves the acoustic impedance matching between the ceramic and the acoustic structure, reduces sound wave reflection and attenuation, and improves the sound energy transmission efficiency and receiving sensitivity.

[0022] (5) The pressure-bearing inner liner and the pressure-bearing outer shell are filled with sonar oil to achieve deep water pressure balance and ensure that the device works stably under high pressure; at the same time, the distance between the circuit and the piezoelectric crystal stack and sensor is shortened, signal loss and electromagnetic interference are reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio and measurement accuracy are improved.

[0023] (6) The power supply module effectively realizes the connection between long-distance power supply cables and pressure-resistant watertight plugs, greatly simplifying the system structure and reducing deployment difficulty and cost; avoiding voltage drop loss, electromagnetic interference and leakage risk caused by cable transmission, improving the reliability and safety of deep-sea operation; independent self-powered power supply makes the transducer smaller and more pressure-resistant, adapting to the complex environment of deep-sea high pressure, while having the advantages of flexible deployment and long-term unattended operation, effectively improving the endurance and environmental adaptability of the underwater detection system.

[0024] (6) The detection module acquires working environment and device status parameters, providing data support for piezoelectric characteristic compensation and sound velocity correction, significantly improving measurement accuracy and detection reliability.

[0025] (7) The method for transmitting and receiving high-energy underwater acoustic transducers used for deep-water exploration involves multiple steps to realize piezoelectric ceramic crystal stacks, which significantly increases the effective electromechanical conversion area and improves the conversion efficiency of acoustic energy to electrical energy; the multi-crystal stack synergistic vibration energy can enhance the transmitting sound source level and receiving sensitivity, and enhance the system's detection distance and weak signal acquisition capability; at the same time, by flexibly adjusting the equivalent capacitance and impedance through series and parallel combination, the transmitting power amplifier and preamplifier can be better matched, reducing drive loss and improving working stability. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water inlet tank assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the detection module structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure-bearing inner liner and internal assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure-bearing outer shell structure of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Pressure chamber, 101-Pressure flange, 102-Pressure outer shell, 103-Supporting vertical block, 104-Pressure inner liner, 2-Sealing cover, 201-Flexible sealing ring, 202-Bolt, 203-Nut, 3-Sealed acoustic chamber, 4-Piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack, 5-Water inlet chamber, 401-Sealing insulating gasket, 402-Sound head, 403-Piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 404-Intermediate electrode sheet, 405-Negative electrode sheet, 5-Water inlet chamber, 6-Pressure sensor, 7-Temperature sensor, 8-Power supply module, 9-Preamplifier, 10-Transmitting power amplifier, 11-Conductivity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0029] A high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration includes a sealed pressure chamber 1, which includes a pressure-bearing inner liner 104 and a pressure-bearing outer shell 102. A ring of evenly distributed support vertical blocks 103 is provided between the pressure-bearing inner liner and the pressure-bearing outer shell. The space between the pressure-bearing inner liner and the pressure-bearing outer shell, as well as the pressure-bearing inner liner, is filled with sonar oil.

[0030] When the pressure-bearing inner liner and the pressure-bearing outer shell are made of titanium alloy, the sonar oil used is methyl silicone oil, which is non-magnetic, corrosion-resistant, has good pressure balance, and stable sound transmission, making it suitable for deep-water detection environments.

[0031] The pressure-bearing inner tank is equipped with a power supply module 8 and a detection module. The power supply module includes a lithium battery pack and an electroacoustic conversion interface circuit. The electroacoustic conversion interface circuit includes a preamplifier 9 and a transmitting power amplifier 10. The electroacoustic conversion interface circuit is electrically connected to the positive and negative electrode harnesses through a conversion switch. The lithium battery pack serves as the core energy source, providing a stable and continuous power supply for the entire transducer system. The electroacoustic conversion interface circuit integrates the preamplifier and the transmitting power amplifier, undertaking the core functions of transmitting and receiving underwater acoustic signals.

[0032] During operation, in the transmission state, the electrical energy output by the lithium battery pack is delivered to the transmission power amplifier through the power supply conditioning circuit. The transmission power amplifier switches to the transmission path through a conversion switch and outputs a high-power drive signal to the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack through the positive electrode harness. At the same time, the negative electrode harness provides a circuit ground, driving the crystal stack to generate mechanical vibration and radiate sound waves outward.

[0033] In receiving mode, the switch selects the receiving path. The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack converts the received acoustic signal into a weak electrical signal, which is then sent to the preamplifier for amplification and conditioning via the positive wire harness. Finally, it is transmitted to the subsequent processing unit through the electroacoustic conversion interface circuit. Throughout the process, the power supply module continuously supplies power to the electroacoustic conversion interface circuit, ensuring stable coordination between the transmission drive and the receiving conditioning. The switch enables time-division switching between the transmission and receiving paths, avoiding signal crosstalk and improving system efficiency and anti-interference capabilities.

[0034] The detection module includes a pressure sensor 5, a temperature sensor 7, and a conductivity sensor 11, all of which are installed inside the pressure-bearing inner liner. The lithium battery pack is also electrically connected to the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and conductivity sensor.

[0035] The probe of the conductivity sensor 11 extends outside the sealed acoustic chamber through the sealing cover, directly contacting the seawater to collect water conductivity data in real time.

[0036] The probes of pressure sensor 5 and temperature sensor 7 extend into the sealed acoustic chamber through a sealing cover, making full contact with the sonar oil filling the chamber to accurately capture the oil pressure and operating temperature parameters. Epoxy potting seals the probes with the through-holes in the sealing cover, creating an independent, closed space within the pressure-bearing liner. The robust installation of the probes also ensures complete isolation between the pressure-bearing liner and the sealed acoustic chamber, as well as the external seawater. This effectively prevents short circuits and corrosion caused by seawater and moisture intrusion, while maintaining a stable internal environment, ensuring reliable operation of the sensors, power supply module, and electroacoustic conversion interface circuitry.

[0037] During operation, each sensor synchronously collects environmental parameters with the support of lithium battery power. After internal signal conditioning, the data is transmitted to the subsequent processing unit to provide real-time data support for characteristic compensation of piezoelectric ceramic stack, sound velocity correction and system fault monitoring.

[0038] A water inlet chamber 5 is provided on one side of the pressure chamber. A pressure-bearing flange 101 is provided on the pressure chamber. A flexible sealing ring 201 is provided between the pressure-bearing flange and the sealing cover. Bolt holes are evenly distributed around the pressure-bearing flange and the sealing cover, and are fastened and locked by bolts 202 and nuts 203.

[0039] The water inlet chamber 5 is a cylindrical cover with a bottom surface. The cylindrical cover has water inlet holes on its cylindrical wall for water to flow freely in and out. The bottom plate of the cylindrical cover has positioning holes for the horn head 402. A sealing insulating gasket 401 is provided between the positioning holes and the horn head.

[0040] A sealing cover 2 is provided between the pressure chamber and the water inlet chamber. A piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 4 is installed on the sealing cover and extends axially into the water inlet chamber. The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 4 is pressed between the sealing cover and the bottom surface of the water inlet chamber. A sealed acoustic chamber is provided outside the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 4. The sealed acoustic chamber includes a sealed acoustic cylinder, and a sealed cavity is formed between the sealed acoustic cylinder, the cylindrical cover bottom plate, and the sealing cover. The sealed cavity is filled with sonar oil. The sealed acoustic chamber is made of polyurethane, and the sonar oil filled in the sealed cavity is methyl silicone oil, achieving sound transmission, sealing, and pressure balance in one integrated system, which is suitable for the layout of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack and various probes.

[0041] The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack group consists of five piezoelectric ceramic crystal stacks arranged in parallel and in the same direction, one of which is located on the central axis, and the other four piezoelectric ceramic crystal stacks are evenly distributed around the central axis.

[0042] The piezoelectric ceramic stack includes a metal fixing post, which is a threaded post. An insulating sleeve is fitted on the metal fixing post. Piezoelectric ceramic sheets 403 are stacked and passed through the metal fixing post in sequence along the axial direction. After the lower end of the metal fixing post is screwed into the sealing cap, it is encapsulated with epoxy.

[0043] An intermediate electrode plate 404 is provided between every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic plates. The intermediate electrode plate is connected to the positive electrode lead. Several positive electrode leads are connected in series to form a positive electrode bundle. The end of the positive electrode bundle is provided with a watertight connector.

[0044] The lower end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet assembly is provided with a negative electrode sheet 405. The negative electrode sheet is connected to a negative electrode lead. Several negative electrode leads are connected in series to form a negative electrode bundle. The end of the negative electrode bundle is provided with a watertight connector. The watertight connector is sealed and installed on a sealing cover. The sealing cover is provided with a connector mounting hole. A sealing mounting ring is provided between the watertight connector and the connector mounting hole.

[0045] The upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic plate assembly is provided with a horn head 402 connected to a metal fixing post. An insulating buffer layer is provided between the piezoelectric ceramic plate assembly and the horn head 402. The buffer pool realizes surface contact force transmission, avoids vibration distortion caused by point or line contact, and provides insulation without blocking the transmission of sound vibration. Example 2

[0046] The method for transmitting and receiving high-energy underwater acoustic transducers used for deep-water exploration includes the following steps: Step 1: Seawater enters the water intake chamber 5 and comes into direct contact with the outer surface of the sealed acoustic chamber 3. The seawater pressure and environmental noise act on the acoustic interface to generate target echo sound waves. Seawater flows in naturally through the preset channel of the water intake chamber and forms a full-fit contact with the outer surface of the sealed acoustic chamber. The static pressure of the seawater itself acts evenly on the acoustic interface, while interference signals such as water flow noise and biological noise in the marine environment, together with the target reflection signal, act on this interface. The target echo sound wave forms a stable acoustic excitation at the acoustically transparent interface, laying the foundation for subsequent signal transmission, while the seawater static pressure is transmitted to the internal sonar oil through the acoustically transparent bulkhead, initially establishing a pressure balance.

[0047] Step 2: The target echo sound wave passes through the sealed acoustic wall 1 and enters the sealed acoustic chamber 3 filled with sonar oil. It is coupled by the sonar oil and transmitted into the interior without loss. The methyl silicone oil filled in the cavity serves as the acoustic coupling medium. The acoustic impedance of the methyl silicone oil is highly matched with that of seawater, minimizing the reflection and attenuation of the sound wave at the medium interface. Sound waves propagate losslessly in the form of longitudinal waves in sonar oil. At the same time, the fluidity of the sonar oil allows the sound wave energy to be evenly diffused, avoiding transmission distortion caused by local energy concentration, and the sound wave signal is completely transmitted to the core conversion component.

[0048] Step 3: The target echo sound wave reaches the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 4 through the sonar oil, exciting the crystal stack to produce mechanical vibration. The sound energy is converted into an alternating electrical signal using the positive piezoelectric effect. The mechanical vibration energy of the sound wave excites each piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to produce regular mechanical deformation. Based on the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic, the mechanical deformation of the ceramic crystal stack is converted into an alternating electrical signal. The electrical signals of each crystal stack are in phase and their amplitudes are superimposed to form an initial electrical signal with a certain intensity, thus completing the efficient conversion of sound energy into electrical energy.

[0049] Step 4: The weak electrical signals output by the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 4 through coordinated vibration are superimposed and sent to the preamplifier 9 in the pressure chamber via the positive and negative leads for amplification and conditioning. With the stable power supply of the lithium battery pack, the preamplifier performs low-noise amplification, filtering and impedance matching processing on the superimposed electrical signals, raising the signal amplitude to the volt level, while filtering out environmental electromagnetic interference and circuit noise, and outputting a pure and stable conditioned electrical signal, providing high-quality input for subsequent signal analysis.

[0050] Step 5: Temperature sensor 7 and pressure sensor 5 monitor the working temperature and internal oil pressure of the sealed acoustic chamber in real time, providing data for system compensation; the power supply module continuously supplies power and operates in real time. The temperature sensor probe is immersed in sonar oil to accurately measure the working temperature inside the sealed acoustic chamber and capture the impact of temperature changes on the electromechanical conversion characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic; the pressure sensor probe is also in contact with the sonar oil to monitor changes in the oil pressure inside the chamber. This oil pressure is balanced with the external seawater static pressure, and the detection data reflects the impact of the deep-sea pressure environment on the transducer structure. The parameters collected by the two types of sensors are transmitted to the processing unit in real time for characteristic compensation of the piezoelectric ceramic stack, such as temperature drift compensation and pressure deformation compensation. This provides accurate data support to ensure conversion precision.

[0051] Step 6: The conductivity sensor 11 is installed on the outside of the water inlet chamber or shell of the underwater acoustic transducer, directly in contact with seawater, to measure the conductivity of seawater in real time and correct the sound velocity of seawater; the conductivity sensor body is fixed to the pressure-bearing inner tank, and its probe extends out into the water inlet chamber through the epoxy potting hole of the sealing cover, directly in contact with seawater.

[0052] Powered by a lithium battery pack, the sensor applies a constant AC excitation voltage through the electrode assembly to measure the current response formed between the electrodes by seawater, and calculates the seawater conductivity value based on Ohm's law. The system converts the conductivity data into seawater salinity according to a preset conductivity-salinity conversion model, and then corrects the seawater sound velocity parameters by combining the salinity-sound velocity relationship model. The corrected sound velocity data is used to optimize underwater acoustic ranging and positioning algorithms, significantly improving the transducer's detection accuracy and distance accuracy.

[0053] Step 7: The power supply and connection circuit provides power to the preamplifier 9, the transmitting power amplifier 10, and the sensor module, and switches between transmitting drive and signal receiving via the transceiver switch. The lithium battery pack in the power supply module provides continuous and stable power to the entire system, not only powering the preamplifier and transmitting power amplifier, but also powering the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, conductivity sensor, and transceiver switch, ensuring the coordinated operation of all modules.

[0054] The connection circuit is responsible for signal transmission and power supply link conduction between various components, and at the same time realizes time-division switching of transmission and reception states through transceiver switches.

[0055] In the transmission state, the switch connects the transmission power amplifier and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack, and the power amplifier outputs a high-power drive signal to drive the crystal stack to radiate sound waves.

[0056] In the receiving state, the switch switches to the path of the preamplifier and the crystal stack, ensuring that the received signal is smoothly transmitted to the amplifier; there is no signal crosstalk during the switching process, realizing efficient coordination between transmission drive and signal reception, and improving the system's reliability and response speed.

[0057] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0058] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration, characterized in that: The pressure chamber includes a sealed pressure chamber (1), which includes a pressure-bearing inner liner (104) and a pressure-bearing outer shell (102). The pressure-bearing inner liner is equipped with a power supply module (8) and a detection module. A water inlet chamber (5) is provided on one side of the pressure chamber. A sealing cover (2) is provided between the pressure chamber and the water inlet chamber. A piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly (4) is installed on the sealing cover. The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly extends into the water inlet chamber along the axial direction. The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly is pressed between the sealing cover and the bottom surface of the water inlet chamber. A sealed sound-permeable chamber (3) is provided outside the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack assembly.

2. The high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack group (4) consists of several piezoelectric ceramic crystal stacks arranged in parallel and in the same direction. Each piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack includes a metal fixing post, an insulating sleeve on the metal fixing post, and piezoelectric ceramic sheets (403) stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the metal fixing post. An intermediate electrode sheet (404) is provided between every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets. A negative electrode sheet (405) is provided at the lower end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet group, and a horn head (402) connected to the metal fixing post is provided at the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet group.

3. The high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intermediate electrode sheet (404) is connected to the positive electrode lead, and several positive electrode leads are connected in series to form a positive electrode bundle. The positive electrode bundle is provided with a watertight connector at the end. The negative electrode sheet (405) is connected to a negative electrode lead wire. Several negative electrode leads wires are connected in series to form a negative electrode wire bundle. The end of the negative electrode wire bundle is provided with a watertight connector. The watertight connector is sealed and installed on a sealing cover. The sealing cover is provided with a connector mounting hole. A sealing mounting ring is provided between the watertight connector and the connector mounting hole.

4. The high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water inlet chamber (5) is a cylindrical cover with a bottom surface. The cylindrical cover has an inlet hole for water to flow freely in and out. The bottom plate of the cylindrical cover has a positioning hole for the horn head (402). A sealing and insulating gasket is provided between the positioning hole and the horn head.

5. The high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed acoustic chamber (3) includes a sealed acoustic tube, and a sealed cavity is formed between the sealed acoustic tube, the cylindrical cover bottom plate, and the sealing cover. The sealed cavity is filled with sonar oil.

6. The high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure-bearing inner liner (104) and the pressure-bearing outer shell (102) are filled with sonar oil. The detection module includes a pressure sensor (6), a temperature sensor (7), and a conductivity sensor (11) installed in the pressure-bearing inner liner. The probe of the conductivity sensor extends to the outside of the sealed acoustic chamber through the sealing cover. The probes of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor extend to the inside of the sealed acoustic chamber through the sealing cover. The probes are sealed with epoxy potting through the through holes on the sealing cover.

7. The high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module (8) includes a lithium battery pack and an electro-acoustic conversion interface circuit, which includes a preamplifier (9) and a transmitting power amplifier (10). The electroacoustic conversion interface circuit is electrically connected to the positive and negative electrode wire harnesses via a conversion switch. The lithium battery pack is also electrically connected to the pressure sensor (6), temperature sensor (7), and conductivity sensor (11).

8. A method for transmitting and receiving a high-energy underwater acoustic transducer for deep-water exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Seawater enters the water intake chamber and comes into direct contact with the outer surface of the sealed acoustic chamber. The seawater pressure and environmental noise act on the acoustic interface to generate target echo sound waves. Step 2: The target echo sound wave passes through the sealed acoustic barrier and enters the sealed acoustic barrier filled with sonar oil, where it is coupled through the sonar oil and transmitted into the interior without loss. Step 3: The target echo sound wave reaches the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack through the sonar oil, exciting the crystal stack to produce mechanical vibration, and converting the sound energy into an alternating electrical signal using the positive piezoelectric effect; Step 4: The weak electrical signals output by the coordinated vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack are superimposed and sent to the preamplifier in the pressure chamber for amplification and conditioning via the positive and negative leads; Step 5: Temperature and pressure sensors monitor the working temperature and internal oil pressure of the sealed acoustic chamber in real time to provide data for system compensation; Step 6: The conductivity sensor is installed in the water inlet chamber or on the outside of the underwater acoustic transducer, in direct contact with seawater, to measure the conductivity of seawater in real time and correct the sound velocity of seawater. Step 7: The power supply and connection circuit provides power to the preamplifier, transmitter amplifier, and sensor module, and switches between transmit drive and signal reception via the transceiver switch.

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