Method for adjusting volume and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a volume adjusting method and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of intelligent cockpits. The method comprises the following steps: in response to a volume adjusting instruction, obtaining a current volume value and a target volume value indicated by the volume adjusting instruction; in the case that a variation range between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds a preset variation range, obtaining an upper limit value of an auditory perception step, the upper limit value of the auditory perception step being used for indicating a single maximum variation range in which an ear of a human being cannot perceive a volume mutation; generating an intermediate volume sequence based on the current volume value, the target volume value and the upper limit value of the auditory perception step; and adjusting the current volume value in sequence according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached. The technical problem of insufficient noise suppression effect of a vehicle-mounted full-scene volume mutation in the related art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of smart cockpit technology, and more particularly to a method for adjusting volume and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread adoption of in-vehicle smart cockpits, in-vehicle audio playback has become a core function during driving. Users frequently perform operations such as volume adjustment, interrupting music playback, unmuting, and switching audio routes when using the in-vehicle system for music playback and navigation voice prompts. In-vehicle audio volume control is typically implemented through an interface configuring the audio codec or digital signal processor's registers. When the volume value jumps instantaneously from the current value to the target value, the digital-to-analog converter output signal will produce a step response. This sudden change in signal level triggers a popping noise, which can severely impact the driving experience and even distract the driver, posing a driving safety hazard.

[0003] The predetermined adjustment value used in the relevant technology is an empirical fixed physical step size. The selection of this step size is not based on the objective perception characteristics of human ears to sudden changes in volume. The number of interpolations is passively determined by the fixed step size. It is impossible to achieve the fastest response speed while ensuring the complete elimination of pop sounds. In other words, it is impossible to simultaneously meet the contradictory requirements of "imperceptible sudden changes" and "optimal response speed".

[0004] In summary, the relevant technologies suffer from insufficient noise suppression for sudden volume changes in all vehicle scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a method and vehicle for adjusting volume to improve the suppression effect of sudden volume noise in all vehicle scenarios. The technical solution is as follows: A method for adjusting volume, the method comprising: In response to a volume adjustment command, the current volume value and the target volume value indicated by the volume adjustment command are obtained; If the change between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds a preset change range, an upper limit value for auditory perception step size is obtained. The upper limit value for auditory perception step size is used to indicate the maximum single change range of volume change that the human ear cannot perceive. Based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, an intermediate volume sequence is generated; The current volume value is adjusted sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached.

[0006] In this way, by introducing an upper limit value for auditory perception step size, an objective constraint based on the physiological characteristics of the human ear, it is ensured that the volume change amplitude of each gradation step is within the range that the human ear cannot perceive, thereby eliminating pop sounds at the source. At the same time, since this upper limit value for auditory perception step size is an objectively determined maximum allowable step size, the intermediate volume sequence generated based on this can use as few gradation steps as possible while satisfying the constraint of imperceptible abrupt changes, thereby achieving the theoretically fastest response speed and resolving the contradiction between "eliminating pop sounds" and "fast response" in related schemes.

[0007] Optionally, in response to a volume adjustment command, the current volume value and the target volume value indicated by the volume adjustment command are obtained; If the change between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds a preset change range, an upper limit value for auditory perception step size is obtained. The upper limit value for auditory perception step size is used to indicate the maximum single change range of volume change that the human ear cannot perceive. Based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, an intermediate volume sequence is generated; The current volume value is adjusted sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached.

[0008] In this way, by breaking down the generation process of the intermediate volume sequence into three progressive steps—determining the total change in perceived auditory intensity, determining the minimum number of gradation steps, and generating the sequence—the minimum number of gradation steps is calculated based on the total change in perceived auditory intensity. This ensures that the determination of the number of gradation steps is based on the characteristics of human hearing rather than simply the physical volume difference, thus ensuring that the perceived change amplitude of each gradation step is within a reasonable range. This provides a foundation for generating an intermediate volume sequence that meets the requirements of auditory comfort.

[0009] Optionally, generating the intermediate volume sequence based on the minimum number of gradation steps includes: The total change in auditory perception intensity is divided into the minimum number of perception intensity steps, and each perception intensity step is less than or equal to the preset upper limit of auditory perception step size. Each perceived intensity step is sequentially converted into a corresponding volume step to generate the intermediate volume sequence.

[0010] In this way, by dividing the total change in auditory perceived intensity into a perceptual intensity step size that is consistent with the minimum number of gradual steps, and ensuring that each perceptual intensity step size does not exceed the upper limit of the auditory perceived step size, the perceptual intensity step size is converted into a volume step size to generate an intermediate volume sequence. This ensures that the single-step change amplitude of the intermediate volume sequence meets the requirement that the human ear does not perceive sudden changes in volume, thus avoiding abnormal noise caused by volume steps in the sequence generation process.

[0011] Optionally, determining the total change in auditory perceived intensity required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value based on the current volume value and the target volume value includes: Convert the current volume value into a current perceived intensity value, and convert the target volume value into a target perceived intensity value; The difference between the target perceived intensity value and the current perceived intensity value is determined as the total amount of auditory perceived intensity change required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value.

[0012] In this way, by converting the current volume value and the target volume value into corresponding perceived intensity values, and then calculating the difference between the two to obtain the total change in perceived auditory intensity, a quantitative conversion from objective physical volume parameters to subjective auditory perception parameters is achieved. This makes the calculation result of the total volume change closely match the actual perception of sound intensity by the human ear, providing basic data that conforms to auditory characteristics for the subsequent determination of gradual parameters.

[0013] Optionally, adjusting the current volume value sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached includes: Get the volume fade-in duration; Based on the volume gradient duration and the intermediate volume sequence, the time interval between two adjacent adjustments is determined; The current volume value is adjusted sequentially according to the time interval and the intermediate volume sequence until the current volume value reaches the target volume value.

[0014] In this way, by first obtaining the volume gradation duration, then determining the time interval between two adjacent adjustments based on the volume gradation duration and the intermediate volume sequence, and finally adjusting the volume sequentially according to the time interval and the intermediate volume sequence, the volume adjustment process has a stable and uniform execution rhythm, ensuring the time continuity of volume changes and improving the smoothness of the volume gradation process.

[0015] Optionally, the preset duration configuration parameters include a preset baseline value, an adjustment coefficient, an upper limit constraint value, and a lower limit constraint value. The method for determining the volume gradation duration includes: The initial gradation duration is determined based on the minimum number of gradation steps, the preset baseline value in the preset duration configuration parameters, and the adjustment coefficient. The preset duration configuration parameters are used to indicate the preset baseline and constraint parameters required to calculate the volume gradation duration. If the initial fading duration is lower than the lower limit constraint value, the volume fading duration is determined as the lower limit constraint value; If the initial fading duration is higher than the upper limit constraint value, the volume fading duration is determined to be the upper limit constraint value; If the initial fading duration is within the range of the upper limit constraint value and the lower limit constraint value, the initial fading duration is determined as the volume fading duration.

[0016] In this way, the initial gradation duration is calculated using preset duration configuration parameters that include preset reference values, adjustment coefficients, upper limit constraint values, and lower limit constraint values. The final volume gradation duration is determined based on the matching relationship between the initial gradation duration and the upper and lower limit constraint values. This avoids situations where the gradation duration is too short to eliminate noise or too long to affect the adjustment response, thus keeping the volume gradation duration within a reasonable range.

[0017] Optionally, after determining the volume transition duration, the method further includes: Obtain the current driving scenario information of the vehicle, wherein the current driving scenario information is used to indicate the current driving environment of the vehicle; Based on the driving scenario information, adjust the number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perception intensity.

[0018] In this way, by obtaining the current driving scenario information of the vehicle after determining the volume gradation duration, and adjusting the volume gradation duration or the number of equal parts of the total change in auditory perception intensity based on the driving scenario information, the volume adjustment method can be adapted to the actual driving environment of the vehicle, thus improving the scenario adaptability of volume adjustment.

[0019] Optionally, adjusting the number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perception intensity based on the driving scenario information includes: Determine the weight of each scenario factor in the driving scenario information; Based on the weights and various scenario factors, comprehensive environmental interference data is determined. This comprehensive environmental interference data is used to indicate the overall impact of the current driving environment on the sensitivity to sudden volume noise. Based on the comprehensive environmental interference data, the adjustment coefficients are determined; Based on the adjustment coefficient, adjust the number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perception intensity.

[0020] In this way, by determining the weight of each scene factor in the driving scene information, and combining the weight with the scene factor, we can obtain comprehensive environmental interference data that reflects the sensitivity of the environment to sudden noise changes in volume. Then, based on this data, we can determine the adjustment coefficient to adjust the volume change duration or the number of equal parts. This can quantify the interference effect of the driving environment and make the volume adjustment method more in line with the actual perception of the environment.

[0021] Optionally, after determining the volume transition duration, the method further includes: When the driving scenario information changes, if the current volume value is being adjusted to the target volume value, the remaining number of equal parts or the volume transition duration required for volume adjustment is re-determined based on the new driving scenario information. Starting from the currently adjusted volume value, the volume is adjusted again according to the re-determined number of equal parts or the volume transition duration.

[0022] In this way, when the driving scenario information changes and volume adjustment is currently being performed, the remaining number of equal parts or the volume gradient duration required for adjustment is re-determined based on the new driving scenario information, and the adjustment continues from the currently adjusted volume value. This can adapt to the dynamic changes in the driving scenario and ensure that the volume adjustment process continuously fits the current driving environment without interruption.

[0023] Optionally, after determining the volume transition duration, the method further includes: Determine the instantaneous energy of the audio based on the time-domain signal of the currently playing audio; If the instantaneous audio energy is less than the preset mute energy threshold, the volume gradient duration is adjusted according to a preset ratio.

[0024] In this way, after determining the volume transition duration, the instantaneous energy of the audio is determined based on the time domain signal of the currently playing audio. When the instantaneous energy of the audio is less than the preset mute energy threshold, the volume transition duration is adjusted according to the preset ratio. This can optimize the transition duration in combination with the audio playback status and improve the response speed of volume adjustment when the audio is in a mute or low energy state.

[0025] A volume control device, the device comprising: The first acquisition module is used to acquire the current volume value and the target volume value indicated by the volume adjustment command in response to the volume adjustment command; The second acquisition module is used to acquire an upper limit value of auditory perception step size when the change between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds a preset change range. The upper limit value of auditory perception step size is used to indicate the maximum single change range of volume change that the human ear cannot perceive. The generation module is used to generate an intermediate volume sequence based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size. The adjustment module is used to adjust the current volume value sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached.

[0026] Optionally, the generation module is also used for: Based on the current volume value and the target volume value, determine the total change in auditory perceived intensity required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value; Based on the total change in auditory perception intensity and the upper limit of auditory perception step size, determine the minimum number of gradual steps; The intermediate volume sequence is generated based on the minimum number of gradation steps.

[0027] Optionally, the generation module is also used for: The total change in auditory perception intensity is divided into the minimum number of perception intensity steps, and each perception intensity step is less than or equal to the preset upper limit of auditory perception step size. Each perceived intensity step is sequentially converted into a corresponding volume step to generate the intermediate volume sequence.

[0028] Optionally, the generation module is also used for: Convert the current volume value into a current perceived intensity value, and convert the target volume value into a target perceived intensity value; The difference between the target perceived intensity value and the current perceived intensity value is determined as the total amount of auditory perceived intensity change required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value.

[0029] Optionally, the adjustment module is also used for: Get the volume fade-in duration; Based on the volume gradient duration and the intermediate volume sequence, the time interval between two adjacent adjustments is determined; The current volume value is adjusted sequentially according to the time interval and the intermediate volume sequence until the current volume value reaches the target volume value.

[0030] Optionally, the preset duration configuration parameters include a preset baseline value, an adjustment coefficient, an upper limit constraint value, and a lower limit constraint value. The volume adjustment device also includes a determination module. The determination module is used to determine the initial gradation duration based on the minimum number of gradation steps, the preset reference value in the preset duration configuration parameters, and the adjustment coefficient. The preset duration configuration parameters are used to indicate the preset reference and constraint parameters required to calculate the volume gradation duration. If the initial fading duration is lower than the lower limit constraint value, the volume fading duration is determined as the lower limit constraint value; If the initial fading duration is higher than the upper limit constraint value, the volume fading duration is determined to be the upper limit constraint value; If the initial fading duration is within the range of the upper limit constraint value and the lower limit constraint value, the initial fading duration is determined as the volume fading duration.

[0031] Optionally, after determining the volume transition duration, the volume adjustment device may further include a first adjustment module: The first adjustment module is used to obtain the current driving scenario information of the vehicle, and the current driving scenario information is used to indicate the current driving environment of the vehicle; Based on the driving scenario information, adjust the equal number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perception intensity.

[0032] Optionally, the first adjustment module is also used for: Determine the weight of each scenario factor in the driving scenario information; Based on the weights and various scenario factors, comprehensive environmental interference data is determined. This comprehensive environmental interference data is used to indicate the overall impact of the current driving environment on the sensitivity to sudden volume noise. Based on the comprehensive environmental interference data, the adjustment coefficients are determined; Based on the adjustment coefficient, adjust the number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perception intensity.

[0033] Optionally, after determining the volume transition duration, the volume adjustment device further includes a first determining module: The first determining module is used to, when the driving scenario information changes, if the current volume value is being adjusted from the current volume value to the target volume value, redetermine the remaining number of equal parts or the volume gradient duration required for adjusting the volume based on the new driving scenario information, and continue to adjust the volume according to the redetermined number of equal parts or the volume gradient duration, starting from the currently adjusted volume value.

[0034] Optionally, after determining the volume transition duration, the volume adjustment device may also include a second adjustment module: The second adjustment module is used to determine the instantaneous energy of the audio based on the time-domain signal of the currently playing audio. If the instantaneous audio energy is less than the preset mute energy threshold, the volume gradient duration is adjusted according to a preset ratio.

[0035] A vehicle includes an onboard controller, the onboard controller including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements any of the optional volume adjustment methods described above.

[0036] By employing the above technical solution, this application provides a volume adjustment method that obtains the current volume value and the target volume value in response to a volume adjustment command, providing necessary basic parameters for subsequent volume adjustment processes. When the change range between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds a preset change range, an upper limit value of the auditory perception step size, which represents the maximum single change range of volume change imperceptible to the human ear, is introduced as a core constraint. An intermediate volume sequence is generated based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and this constraint, breaking down the potentially abrupt large volume jumps into multiple consecutive small adjustment steps. Finally, the current volume value is adjusted sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached, ensuring that each volume change is within the range of imperceptible changes to the human ear. This effectively avoids instantaneous level changes in the audio signal caused by directly writing the target volume value into the audio hardware, reduces the generation of popping sounds, and improves the auditory comfort of the volume adjustment process.

[0037] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This illustration shows one of the flowcharts of a volume adjustment method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a second schematic flowchart of the volume adjustment method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 The third schematic flowchart of the volume adjustment method provided in this application embodiment is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a volume adjustment device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0040] To address the technical problem of insufficient noise suppression for sudden volume changes in vehicle-mounted systems across all scenarios in related technologies, this application provides a volume adjustment method, such as... Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a volume adjustment method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes: S11. In response to a volume adjustment command, obtain the current volume value and the target volume value indicated by the volume adjustment command.

[0041] Among them, the volume adjustment command is the control signal that triggers volume adjustment in the vehicle audio system, including various volume adjustment signals triggered by user operation and system function; the current volume value is the physical volume parameter corresponding to the current output audio of the audio system, in decibels (dB); the target volume value is the physical volume parameter that the audio system is required to achieve by the volume adjustment command.

[0042] Specifically, the system continuously monitors all event signals in the vehicle audio system that can trigger volume adjustment, and captures volume adjustment commands in real time. After capturing the volume adjustment command, it obtains two types of core parameters through the communication link between the vehicle's main control unit and the audio hardware. The current volume value can be read from the control register of the audio codec or digital signal processor (DSP). The reading method uses a common vehicle communication interface to ensure the stability of data reading. The target volume value can be parsed and extracted from the signal message or control code of the volume adjustment command. The parsing process matches the command protocol specification of the vehicle audio system.

[0043] In this embodiment, it can respond to various volume adjustment trigger signals of the vehicle audio system in real time, quickly lock the starting parameters and target parameters of volume adjustment, provide an accurate data basis for whether to trigger smooth gradation and calculate gradation parameters, and at the same time ensure the response efficiency of volume adjustment commands, adapt to the real-time requirements of audio control in vehicle scenarios, and avoid subsequent adjustment abnormalities due to parameter acquisition delays or deviations.

[0044] S12. If the change between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds the preset change range, obtain the upper limit value of the auditory perception step size.

[0045] Among them, the upper limit of auditory perception step size is used to indicate the maximum single change in volume that the human ear cannot perceive.

[0046] Among them, the upper limit of auditory perception step size refers to the maximum auditory perception change that the human ear cannot detect during a single volume adjustment and is unlikely to trigger a perceptible popping sound. It is the safe threshold for single-step adjustment. The human ear cannot perceive a sudden change in volume, which means that the single-step change in volume is small, and the driver and passengers will not feel a sudden jump in volume, nor will it trigger a popping sound caused by a sudden change in audio level.

[0047] Specifically, the upper limit of the auditory perception step size is a fixed parameter pre-calibrated by the vehicle audio system. The numerical calibration is completed by the R&D personnel based on human auditory perception experiments, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size is loaded into the vehicle's parameter storage area. When this step is executed, the preset value is directly retrieved from the parameter storage area without real-time calculation, and the upper limit parameter used to constrain the single-step perception change range can be quickly obtained.

[0048] In one specific embodiment, conventional volume gradation schemes use a fixed upper limit for the auditory perception step size, without adapting it to the spectral energy and dynamic range characteristics of the currently playing audio. In scenarios where the low-frequency energy of the audio is strong and the masking effect is significant, a fixed small step size increases the gradation time and reduces the adjustment response speed. In scenarios where the low-frequency energy of the audio is weak, the masking effect is insufficient, or the audio dynamic range is large, a fixed large step size easily causes sudden volume noise, making it impossible to achieve dynamic matching between the auditory perception step size and the audio content. In this embodiment, by analyzing the spectral characteristics and dynamic range parameters of the currently playing audio in real time, the upper limit of the auditory perception step size is dynamically adjusted, forming an adaptive adjustment mechanism where a large step size corresponds to a high masking effect, a small step size corresponds to a low masking effect, and an even smaller step size corresponds to a large dynamic range. This optimizes the response efficiency and auditory adaptability of volume gradation while ensuring noise suppression.

[0049] Specifically, a sliding window is used to perform frequency domain conversion on the time-domain signal of the currently playing audio, and the full-band audio energy distribution is calculated in real time to extract the energy values ​​of each frequency band. The mid-low frequency band is identified as the core frequency band where sudden volume changes are prone to noise, and the energy characteristics of this frequency band are analyzed. If there are strong energy components in the mid-low frequency band, it is determined that the current audio has a strong masking effect and the human ear is less sensitive to sudden volume changes, so the upper limit of the auditory perception step size is increased by a preset ratio. If the energy in the mid-low frequency band is weak, it is determined that the current audio has a weak masking effect and the human ear is more sensitive to sudden volume changes, so the upper limit of the auditory perception step size is decreased by a preset ratio. At the same time, the dynamic range parameter of the current audio is detected. If the audio dynamic range is large, it indicates that the audio signal is more sensitive to sudden volume changes, so the upper limit of the auditory perception step size is further decreased based on the masking effect adjustment. If the audio dynamic range is small, the upper limit of the step size corresponding to the masking effect is maintained. The adjusted upper limit of the auditory perception step size is substituted into the calculation process of the minimum gradation step and the intermediate volume sequence to complete the adaptive gradation parameter update.

[0050] In this embodiment, by obtaining the threshold of the maximum single change amplitude that the human ear is unaware of sudden volume changes, a core constraint basis can be provided for the subsequent calculation of the number of gradual adjustment steps. This avoids noise caused by volume changes exceeding the human ear's perception threshold from the source of single-step adjustment. At the same time, a unified standard is set for the smoothness of volume gradual changes to ensure the auditory comfort of subsequent step-by-step adjustments.

[0051] S13. Generate an intermediate volume sequence based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size.

[0052] Specifically, the absolute value of the difference between the current volume value and the target volume value is calculated to obtain the actual volume change amplitude. This actual volume change amplitude is then compared with the preset change amplitude. When the actual volume change amplitude is greater than the preset change amplitude, it indicates that the physical span of the current volume adjustment has exceeded the allowable range for a direct, noise-free jump in the in-vehicle audio system. If the target volume is directly written into the audio codec or digital signal processor register, the digital-to-analog converter output signal will produce a step response, which will trigger a level-change-like popping sound. Therefore, it is necessary to start the calculation process of the perception parameters and the gradual change duration to achieve a smooth volume transition through a gradual change. Based on this, a human auditory perception model can be used to pre-construct a standardized mapping relationship between physical volume values ​​and auditory perception intensity values. The current physical volume value and the target physical volume value are substituted into this mapping relationship to complete the conversion from objective physical volume parameters to subjective auditory perception parameters, obtaining the current auditory perception intensity value that matches the current physical volume and the target auditory perception intensity value that matches the target physical volume, thus realizing the quantitative conversion from physical volume to auditory perception dimension.

[0053] Specifically, the current volume value and the target volume value are converted into corresponding auditory perception intensity values, and the absolute value of the difference between the two is calculated to obtain the total change in auditory perception intensity. Then, the total change in auditory perception intensity is divided by the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, and the calculation result is rounded up to obtain the minimum number of gradual steps that satisfy the requirement that the single-step perception change does not exceed the threshold. The total change in auditory perception intensity is divided into equal perceptual intensity step sizes, with the same number of perceptual intensity step sizes as the minimum number of gradual steps, ensuring that each step size does not exceed the upper limit of the auditory perception step size. Through the same bidirectional mapping model, each perceptual intensity step size is converted inversely into the corresponding physical volume step size. Finally, starting from the current volume value, each physical volume step size is accumulated sequentially according to the adjustment order, and the intermediate physical volume value corresponding to each adjustment is calculated successively. Arranging all the intermediate physical volume values ​​in order generates a complete intermediate volume sequence.

[0054] Specifically, a pre-built bidirectional mapping model between physical volume values ​​and auditory perception intensity is invoked to convert each perception intensity step into its corresponding physical volume step. During the reverse conversion, each perception intensity step is substituted into the inverse operation formula from perception intensity to physical volume in the model, and the corresponding relationship built into the model is used to calculate one by one to obtain the physical volume step that matches each perception step. After the conversion is completed, the initial current physical volume value read from the audio codec or digital signal processor register is used as the starting point. According to the adjustment order of the perception step, the first physical volume step is added to the initial value to obtain the first step intermediate physical volume value, and then the second physical volume step is added to the first step intermediate value to obtain the second step intermediate physical volume value. The accumulation calculation of all steps is completed according to this rule. Finally, all intermediate physical volume values ​​are arranged in the order of adjustment to form a continuous intermediate volume sequence. After arrangement, the difference between two adjacent intermediate volume values ​​is checked to ensure that the difference does not exceed the system's preset volume change threshold, thus meeting the hardware execution requirements for noiseless adjustment. Here, the volume step refers to the physical volume change value corresponding to each step of adjustment; the intermediate volume sequence refers to the set of physical volume parameters executed sequentially during the step-by-step adjustment process.

[0055] The perceptual step size is converted inversely into a physical volume step size that can be recognized by audio hardware, generating a continuous adjustment sequence. This transforms perceptual changes that conform to human hearing into executable physical adjustment commands, ensuring that volume changes can be implemented smoothly and without abrupt changes throughout.

[0056] In this embodiment, the constraints of human auditory perception are transformed into a continuous physical volume adjustment sequence that can be directly executed by audio hardware. The entire process is subject to a hard constraint based on the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, ensuring that each volume change is within the range that the human ear cannot perceive abrupt changes. This eliminates the popping sound caused by volume step jumps from the sequence generation stage. At the same time, it avoids the interpolation logic based on fixed physical step sizes in related technologies, making the generation logic of the intermediate volume sequence conform to the characteristics of human hearing, providing a reliable execution basis for subsequent smooth adjustments, and ensuring the auditory comfort of gradual volume changes.

[0057] S14. Adjust the current volume value sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached.

[0058] Specifically, based on the minimum number of gradation steps and the preset duration configuration parameters determined in step S12, the final volume gradation duration is calculated. Then, the final volume gradation duration is divided by the number of elements in the intermediate volume sequence to obtain the sub-step time interval between two adjacent adjustments. This interval needs to match the register write response speed of the vehicle audio hardware to avoid write failure or timing disorder.

[0059] Before starting the adjustment, the hardware mute signal of the vehicle audio amplifier is kept in a continuously deactivated state via the GPIO interface to avoid secondary level changes caused by frequent switching of the mute signal during the gradual change process. According to the sub-step time interval, each physical volume value in the intermediate volume sequence is written to the volume control register of the audio codec or digital signal processor through the vehicle's general communication interface. Each successful write completes one step of volume adjustment and updates the current real-time volume value synchronously. The adjustment status is monitored throughout the process. When the last value in the intermediate volume sequence is written and matches the target volume value, the adjustment process is terminated. If a new volume adjustment command is received during the adjustment process, the writing operation of the current sequence is stopped immediately, the currently adjusted real-time volume value is retained as the new current volume value, and the process returns to step S11 to re-execute the complete adjustment process.

[0060] In the above scheme, the current volume value and the target volume value are obtained by responding to the volume adjustment command, providing the necessary basic parameters for the subsequent volume adjustment process. When the change between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds the preset change range, the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, which represents the maximum single change range of volume change that the human ear cannot perceive, is introduced as the core constraint. An intermediate volume sequence is generated based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and this constraint, breaking down the potentially abrupt large volume jumps into multiple consecutive small adjustment steps. Finally, the current volume value is adjusted step by step according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached, so that each volume change is within the range of changes that the human ear cannot perceive. This effectively avoids the instantaneous level change of the audio signal caused by directly writing the target volume value into the audio hardware, reduces the generation of popping sounds, and improves the auditory comfort of the volume adjustment process.

[0061] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, an intermediate volume sequence is generated, including: S131. Based on the current volume value and the target volume value, determine the total change in auditory perceived intensity required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value.

[0062] Specifically, the current volume value is converted into the current perceived intensity value, and the target volume value is converted into the target perceived intensity value. A standardized bidirectional mapping model between physical volume values ​​and perceived intensity values ​​is pre-constructed based on the human ear hearing perception model. This human ear hearing perception model is embedded in the algorithm module of the vehicle's audio system. During the conversion, the current physical volume value read from the audio codec or digital signal processor register and the target physical volume value parsed from the volume adjustment command are retrieved first. Then, the two types of physical volume values ​​are substituted into the bidirectional mapping model to complete the numerical conversion. The current perceived intensity value and the target perceived intensity value that match the physical volume are output, thus completing the parameter conversion from the physical dimension to the perception dimension.

[0063] In this embodiment, by converting objective physical volume parameters into subjective perceived intensity parameters that conform to the characteristics of human hearing, it is possible to break away from the limitations of linear changes in physical volume. The volume adjustment range is quantified based on human auditory perception, providing basic data that conforms to human auditory habits for subsequent calculation of the total change in perceived intensity. This makes subsequent volume gradual control more in line with the auditory experience of vehicle occupants, and avoids the abruptness of auditory change caused by direct gradual change in physical volume from the parameter conversion stage.

[0064] Specifically, after converting the current volume value into the current perceived intensity value and the target volume value into the target perceived intensity value, the difference between the target perceived intensity value and the current perceived intensity value is determined as the total change in auditory perceived intensity required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value. That is, the difference between the converted target perceived intensity value and the current perceived intensity value is calculated, and the absolute value of the result is taken. This absolute value is the total change in auditory perceived intensity. This total change in auditory perceived intensity represents the total change in loudness subjectively perceived by the human ear during this volume adjustment process. It is the core basis for subsequent calculation of the minimum gradation steps and the initial gradation duration, and directly determines the number of steps and duration configuration of the volume gradation.

[0065] By calculating the total change in volume in the perception dimension, the total change in loudness perceived by the human ear throughout the volume adjustment process can be quantified. This provides core input parameters for the subsequent calculation of the minimum gradation step and the volume gradation duration, ensuring that subsequent gradation control always revolves around the total change perceived by the human ear, thus guaranteeing the rationality and adaptability of the volume gradation.

[0066] In this embodiment, by converting the physical volume value into a perceived intensity value that conforms to the characteristics of human hearing, and calculating the total change in perceived intensity, the overall change range of volume adjustment can be quantified from the subjective auditory dimension. This abandons the traditional calculation method that relies solely on the physical volume value, and provides core data support that conforms to human auditory perception for determining the subsequent gradation steps and gradation duration. This makes the parameter calculation of volume adjustment more in line with the auditory experience of vehicle occupants, and improves the rationality and adaptability of volume gradation control from the source.

[0067] S132. Determine the minimum number of gradual steps based on the total change in auditory perception intensity and the upper limit of auditory perception step size.

[0068] Among them, the total change in auditory perceived intensity refers to the total loudness change perceived by the human ear during the transition from the current volume value to the target volume value; the minimum number of gradation steps refers to the minimum number of adjustments required to complete the smooth transition of volume, which is the minimum number of steps required to ensure imperceptible gradation; rounding up refers to the numerical processing method of discarding the decimal part of the calculation result and adding 1 to the integer part.

[0069] Specifically, the total determined change in auditory perception intensity is divided by the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, and the result is rounded up. The resulting value is the minimum number of gradual steps. By using the rounding method, it can be ensured that the change in perception intensity in each step does not exceed the upper limit. If the result is an integer, it is used directly. If it is a decimal, it is rounded up to the next integer. This eliminates the possibility of single-step adjustment exceeding the threshold from the perspective of calculation logic.

[0070] In this embodiment, the minimum number of adjustment steps required to complete a smooth volume transition is determined based on the total amount of perceived change and the upper limit of single-step perception. This reduces unnecessary adjustment steps while ensuring that each adjustment step is free of perceived noise, thus balancing the smoothness of volume change with adjustment efficiency and avoiding excessive adjustment time due to too many steps.

[0071] S133. Generate an intermediate volume sequence based on the minimum number of gradation steps.

[0072] Specifically, the total change in auditory perception intensity is divided into a minimum number of perception intensity steps, each of which is less than or equal to a preset upper limit for auditory perception step size.

[0073] Specifically, the total change in auditory perception intensity that has been calculated and the upper limit of the pre-calibrated auditory perception step size are retrieved. The total change in auditory perception intensity is divided equally with the upper limit of the auditory perception step size as a hard constraint. After the division is completed, the value of the perception intensity step size of each part is verified to ensure that all step sizes do not exceed the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, and that the number of parts after division matches the previously determined minimum number of gradual change steps, so that the splitting results can be directly connected to the subsequent gradual change execution process.

[0074] In one specific embodiment, vehicle driving-related data is collected and integrated in real time through three types of data sources: the vehicle CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, vehicle status sensors, and vehicle navigation module, forming complete information on the current driving scenario. From the current driving scenario information, scenario factors such as vehicle speed, gear position, steering wheel angle, navigation operation status, parking status, and reversing signal are extracted. These scenario factors are all key parameters that affect the human ear's perception of sudden changes in volume noise. The current driving scenario can include highway cruising, urban congestion, parking, reversing, and emergency braking.

[0075] The scene factors are assigned corresponding weights based on their influence on noise perception sensitivity. The values ​​of each scene factor are weighted and calculated with their corresponding weights to obtain comprehensive environmental interference data that characterizes the current environment's sensitivity to sudden volume noise. Based on the comprehensive environmental interference data, corresponding adjustment coefficients are matched, and the volume change duration or the number of equal parts is scaled and adjusted using the adjustment coefficients. The stronger the environmental interference, the shorter the change duration and the fewer the equal parts; the weaker the environmental interference, the longer the change duration and the more equal parts.

[0076] In one specific embodiment, the system monitors the changes in driving scenario information in real time throughout the process. If the driving scenario changes and volume gradation is in progress, the system immediately reads the currently adjusted real-time volume value as the new adjustment starting point; calculates the remaining perceived change from the current real-time volume to the target volume; and recalculates the number of equal parts or the volume gradation duration of the remaining adjustment portion based on the new driving scenario information. The completed adjustment steps are retained, and the remaining adjustment process is executed only according to the updated parameters without restarting the entire gradation process. Here, the remaining adjustment volume refers to the difference between the currently adjusted volume and the target volume value to be adjusted.

[0077] This embodiment binds the vehicle driving environment with the volume gradation parameters, enabling the gradation strategy to adapt to the environmental noise masking characteristics of different scenarios. It improves the adjustment response speed in high-interference environments and enhances the noise suppression effect in low-interference environments, greatly improving the scenario adaptability of in-vehicle audio adjustment and the driving and riding listening experience.

[0078] In one specific embodiment, a sliding window method is used to acquire the time-domain signal of the currently playing audio. The squares of the sampled signals within the window are summed and averaged to obtain the normalized audio instantaneous energy. The audio instantaneous energy is compared with a preset silence energy threshold. If the audio instantaneous energy is less than the preset silence energy threshold, it is determined to be in a silent or low-energy state, and the volume transition duration is shortened by a preset ratio. If the audio instantaneous energy is greater than the preset silence energy threshold, it is determined to be in a normal playback state, and the original transition duration remains unchanged. Here, the time-domain signal refers to the electrical signal that the audio changes continuously over time; the audio instantaneous energy refers to the energy level of the audio signal at a certain moment; and the silence energy threshold refers to the critical value for determining whether the audio is in a silent or low-energy state.

[0079] This embodiment enables real-time adaptation to scene changes during volume transitions without interrupting the overall adjustment process. It only updates parameters for the remaining adjustment parts, ensuring that volume adjustment remains smooth and fits the latest driving environment, and avoiding adjustment stuttering or noise issues caused by scene switching.

[0080] This embodiment optimizes the gradient duration by combining the real-time audio playback status. When the audio is muted or at low energy, the duration is shortened to improve the response speed, while the duration is maintained during normal audio playback to ensure noise suppression, thus achieving dynamic and coordinated adaptation between audio content and volume gradient.

[0081] In this embodiment, the total perceived change in volume adjustment is equally divided based on the upper limit of the range of sudden changes that the human ear cannot perceive. This prevents volume changes from exceeding the hearing tolerance threshold from the core of single-step adjustment, providing a basic unit that conforms to auditory characteristics for subsequent physical volume conversion and step-by-step execution. This ensures the smoothness of volume changes throughout the process and avoids popping sounds caused by excessive single-step amplitude.

[0082] Specifically, after dividing the total change in auditory perception intensity into the smallest gradual change step of perception intensity step, each perception intensity step is converted into the corresponding volume step to generate an intermediate volume sequence.

[0083] Specifically, a pre-built bidirectional mapping model between physical volume values ​​and auditory perception intensity is invoked to convert each perception intensity step into its corresponding physical volume step. During the reverse conversion, each perception intensity step is substituted into the inverse operation formula from perception intensity to physical volume in the model, and the corresponding relationship built into the model is used to calculate one by one to obtain the physical volume step that matches each perception step. After the conversion is completed, the initial current physical volume value read from the audio codec or digital signal processor register is used as the starting point. According to the adjustment order of the perception step, the first physical volume step is added to the initial value to obtain the first step intermediate physical volume value, and then the second physical volume step is added to the first step intermediate value to obtain the second step intermediate physical volume value. The accumulation calculation of all steps is completed according to this rule. Finally, all intermediate physical volume values ​​are arranged in the order of adjustment to form a continuous intermediate volume sequence. After arrangement, the difference between two adjacent intermediate volume values ​​is checked to ensure that the difference does not exceed the system's preset volume change threshold, thus meeting the hardware execution requirements for noiseless adjustment. Here, the volume step refers to the physical volume change value corresponding to each step of adjustment; the intermediate volume sequence refers to the set of physical volume parameters executed sequentially during the step-by-step adjustment process.

[0084] In this embodiment, the perceptual step size is converted inversely into a physical volume step size that can be recognized by audio hardware, generating a continuous adjustment sequence. This transforms the perceptual changes that conform to human hearing into executable physical adjustment commands, ensuring that the volume change can be implemented and remains smooth without abrupt changes throughout.

[0085] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the current volume value is adjusted sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached, including: S141, Get the volume gradient duration.

[0086] Specifically, the volume transition duration can be determined using the following method: Based on the minimum transition steps, the preset baseline value in the preset duration configuration parameters, and the adjustment coefficient, the initial transition duration is determined. The preset duration configuration parameters indicate the preset baseline and constraint parameters required to calculate the volume transition duration. Specifically, the calculation logic is constructed based on the baseline value, adjustment coefficient, upper limit constraint value, and lower limit constraint value in the preset duration configuration parameters. The initial transition duration is calculated using the formula: Initial transition duration = Preset baseline value + Adjustment coefficient × (Total change in perceived auditory intensity / Total maximum change in perceived intensity of the vehicle system). The preset baseline value ensures basic smoothness, the adjustment coefficient controls the impact of the perceived change amplitude on the duration, and the maximum total change in perceived intensity corresponds to the upper limit of the perceived volume change across the entire range of the vehicle audio system.

[0087] The preset duration configuration parameter is used to indicate the preset reference and constraint parameters required to calculate the volume transition duration, including the preset reference value, adjustment coefficient, upper limit constraint value, and lower limit constraint value. The preset reference value refers to the minimum transition duration base to ensure the basic smoothness of the volume. The adjustment coefficient is used to control the degree of influence of the minimum transition step number on the initial transition duration. The upper limit constraint value refers to the maximum allowable duration to avoid the transition being too long and affecting the response. The lower limit constraint value refers to the minimum allowable duration to ensure that the transition is noise-free.

[0088] The calculated initial fading duration is matched with the constraint value within an interval: if the initial fading duration is less than the lower limit constraint value, it means that the currently calculated fading duration is too short and cannot provide enough time window for a smooth transition in volume perception. Executing according to this initial fading duration will cause the single-step perception intensity adjustment to exceed the threshold of human hearing, which is prone to causing sudden changes in volume and producing popping sounds. Therefore, the lower limit constraint value is determined as the final volume fading duration to ensure that the volume fading has a basic smoothness and can suppress the noise generated by sudden changes in volume.

[0089] If the initial fading duration exceeds the upper limit constraint value, it means that the currently calculated initial fading duration is too long, which will cause the overall volume adjustment time to exceed the acceptable response range in the vehicle scenario. This will cause the volume adjustment to lag behind the user operation or system command, reducing the real-time performance and user experience of the volume adjustment. Therefore, the upper limit constraint value is determined as the final volume fading duration to control the total volume fading time and ensure the response speed of the volume adjustment.

[0090] If the initial fading duration is between the lower and upper limits of the constraint, it means that the calculated initial fading duration provides sufficient time for a smooth transition and meets the requirements for noise suppression, while also avoiding affecting the adjustment response speed due to excessive duration. It is perfectly suited to the volume adjustment range, perception requirements, and in-vehicle usage scenario. Therefore, this initial fading duration is directly adopted, resulting in a final volume fading duration that balances noise suppression and volume adjustment response speed.

[0091] Among them, the change amplitude refers to the absolute value of the difference between the current volume value and the target volume value, reflecting the physical span of the volume adjustment; the preset change amplitude is the volume threshold for determining whether to trigger a smooth transition, and the adjustment can be directly jumped if it is below the threshold; the total change in auditory perceived intensity is the total change in loudness subjectively felt by the human ear during the volume transition; the volume transition duration is the total time taken for the volume to transition from the current value to the target value.

[0092] In this embodiment, the initial gradation duration is calculated by combining the minimum gradation steps and the preset duration parameter, and then the numerical correction is completed by upper and lower limit constraints. This allows the volume gradation duration to adapt to the number of steps required for this adjustment, while avoiding the problems of the duration being too short to eliminate noise and the duration being too long to affect the adjustment response. Finally, the final duration is obtained, which takes into account both the noise suppression effect and the real-time performance of the in-vehicle audio adjustment.

[0093] S142. Based on the volume gradient duration and the intermediate volume sequence, determine the time interval between two adjacent adjustments.

[0094] Specifically, the total number of milliseconds of the volume gradation duration is divided by the total number of elements in the intermediate volume sequence to obtain the basic time interval between two adjacent adjustments. At the same time, the minimum write cycle of the registers of the vehicle audio hardware (audio codec, digital signal processor) is pre-stored. If the calculated basic time interval is less than the minimum write cycle, the time interval is automatically adjusted to the minimum write cycle supported by the hardware to avoid parameter loss or abnormal adjustment caused by the write speed exceeding the hardware capability.

[0095] In this embodiment, the predetermined total gradation duration is evenly distributed to each adjustment operation to form a stable hardware execution rhythm, which can effectively avoid hardware anomalies such as register write failure and timing misalignment caused by chaotic adjustment intervals; at the same time, it ensures the time uniformity of volume change, and with the intermediate volume sequence that conforms to the characteristics of human hearing, it further improves the smoothness of volume gradation and auditory comfort, and provides an accurate timing reference for subsequent adjustments.

[0096] S143. Adjust the current volume value sequentially according to the time interval and intermediate volume sequence until the current volume value reaches the target volume value.

[0097] Specifically, the final determined volume gradient duration is divided into equal intervals based on the number of elements in the intermediate volume sequence to obtain sub-step time intervals. These sub-step time intervals are matched with the write response speed of the vehicle communication interface. Through the communication interface, the values ​​in the intermediate volume sequence are written into the volume register of the audio codec or digital signal processor (DSP) according to the sub-step time intervals. Each write operation completes one volume adjustment step. The register values ​​are monitored throughout the process until the last value is written and matches the target volume value, thus completing the entire adjustment process.

[0098] In this embodiment, the intermediate volume sequence is written in steps at fixed time intervals, and the volume transition is completed smoothly in conjunction with the timing of the vehicle audio hardware. This ensures that the adjustment rhythm is stable, the parameter writing is accurate, and the target volume is finally reliably reached, thus completely eliminating the popping sound caused by sudden volume changes at the execution level.

[0099] Specifically, the pre-established two-way mapping relationship between physical volume values ​​and auditory perception intensity values ​​is invoked. Each perceived intensity step is substituted into this mapping relationship in reverse, and the physical volume step corresponding to each perceived intensity step is calculated. During the reverse conversion process, linear conversion or logarithmic curve conversion can be selected. Logarithmic curve conversion is more in line with the human ear's hearing characteristic of being more sensitive to low volume. The physical volume step corresponding to the low volume segment is smaller, and the physical volume step corresponding to the high volume segment is larger, further improving auditory smoothness.

[0100] Starting from the current physical volume value, the physical volume step obtained from each reverse conversion is added sequentially to calculate the intermediate physical volume value corresponding to each adjustment step. All intermediate physical volume values ​​are arranged in the order of adjustment to generate a continuous intermediate volume sequence. The difference between adjacent values ​​in this intermediate volume sequence is less than the preset volume change threshold, which can avoid secondary noise caused by volume steps between sub-steps.

[0101] The final determined volume transition duration is divided into multiple sub-step durations with the same duration based on the number of elements in the intermediate volume sequence. The sub-step durations are matched with the register write response speed of the vehicle audio system to ensure stable adjustment timing. According to the time interval of the sub-step durations, each value in the intermediate volume sequence is written to the volume control register of the audio codec or digital signal processor (DSP) through the vehicle's common communication interface to complete the physical volume adjustment at each step until the last value in the sequence is written, so that the current volume value transitions to the target volume value.

[0102] During the adjustment of the intermediate volume sequence, the hardware mute signal of the vehicle audio amplifier is continuously controlled to be in the off state through the GPIO interface. This avoids level changes caused by frequent switching of the hardware mute signal during the gradual change process, avoids secondary popping sounds caused by hardware timing, and ensures that the digital domain volume gradual change is completely coordinated with the hardware working state.

[0103] In one specific embodiment, if a new volume adjustment command is received during the above-mentioned volume gradation process, the currently executing intermediate volume sequence writing process is immediately stopped, the real-time volume value that has been adjusted is retained as the new current volume value, the target volume value in the new command is extracted, and the volume change amplitude determination step is returned to. Based on the latest current volume value and target volume value, the entire process of calculating the sensing parameters, determining the gradation duration, generating the intermediate volume sequence, and executing the gradation is re-executed to avoid volume adjustment chaos caused by the superposition of multiple commands and to ensure that the volume adjustment always follows the latest command.

[0104] In one specific embodiment, in a scenario where multiple audio devices work together, the volume transition state can be synchronized across devices, so that the volume adjustment process can be seamlessly continued when switching devices, ensuring no sudden noise and a consistent listening experience throughout the process.

[0105] Specifically, a communication channel is established between devices based on Bluetooth, WiFi, or USB (Universal Serial Bus) communication protocols. This establishes a stable data transmission channel between the vehicle's head unit and external audio devices such as Bluetooth headsets and other devices, enabling real-time transmission and reception of gradation parameters. When the vehicle's head unit or the currently playing audio device performs a volume gradation, the core gradation parameters are synchronized in real-time to all connected external audio devices. These parameters include the current volume value, target volume value, gradation progress, volume step size, and sub-step time interval. During device switching, when an audio routing switching command is detected, the real-time gradation progress of the original playback device is obtained, and the newly connected target playback device directly continues the volume control from that gradation progress point. The gradual transition process uses synchronized gradual parameters to complete the remaining adjustment steps, achieving a seamless and abrupt volume transition. For devices that do not support gradual transitions, if the target switching device lacks volume gradual transition capabilities, the original device completes the entire volume gradual transition process before audio routing switching. Once the volume stabilizes at the target value, the audio routing switching operation is performed, avoiding sudden noise during the switching process. For scenarios where multiple output devices such as in-car speakers and Bluetooth headsets operate simultaneously, the system controls each device to perform joint volume gradual transitions according to unified gradual parameters and synchronized time intervals, ensuring completely consistent volume adjustment rhythms across multiple devices with no phase difference or adjustment delay.

[0106] In one specific embodiment, conventional volume gradation schemes are passive responses to volume adjustment commands. In scenarios where users continuously and rapidly rotate the volume knob, the system frequently interrupts the current gradation process and recalculates parameters, which can easily lead to problems such as unsmooth volume adjustment, excessive computational overhead, and delayed adjustment response, failing to adapt to users' habit of rapid and continuous adjustment. Based on this, this embodiment constructs a predictive model based on the user's historical volume adjustment behavior, predicts the user's target volume value in advance, and starts the pre-gradation process before the user completes the adjustment operation, achieving zero-delay response for volume adjustment, avoiding adjustment anomalies caused by frequent interruptions and recalculations, and improving smoothness and execution efficiency in continuous adjustment scenarios.

[0107] Specifically, the system continuously collects historical volume adjustment data from users, including behavioral characteristic parameters such as volume knob rotation speed, adjustment direction, single adjustment amplitude, and adjustment frequency distribution. Based on the collected historical data, a user volume adjustment behavior prediction model is established, which can employ linear prediction, Kalman filtering, or a lightweight neural network model. The model is embedded in the vehicle's audio algorithm module. When the rotary encoder detects that the user has started rotating the volume knob, the prediction model is immediately invoked. Combining the current adjustment speed and direction, the target volume value that the user is about to stop adjusting is predicted in real time. Using the predicted target volume value as a temporary target, the volume gradation process is initiated in advance, generating a pre-gradation intermediate volume sequence and performing step-by-step adjustments. After detecting that the user has stopped rotating the volume knob, the actual target volume value is obtained. The current volume value after the pre-gradation is completed is used as a new starting point, and a small fine-tuning is performed on the difference between the predicted value and the actual value to quickly converge to the actual target volume.

[0108] In the above scheme, by calculating the volume transition duration based on the total change in perceived auditory intensity combined with upper and lower limit constraints, it is possible to ensure a basic smoothness in the volume transition to suppress popping sounds while controlling the total adjustment time to guarantee response speed. By determining the time interval between adjacent adjustments in conjunction with the minimum write cycle of the vehicle audio hardware register, hardware anomalies such as parameter loss and timing misalignment can be avoided, forming a stable execution rhythm. By sequentially writing the intermediate volume sequence into the audio hardware register according to this time interval, and keeping the power amplifier hardware mute signal in an unactivated state throughout, the popping sounds caused by sudden volume changes and hardware timing issues can be eliminated at the execution level. The system can immediately interrupt the current process and re-execute the adjustment from the real-time volume when a new instruction is received during the gradation process, thus avoiding adjustment chaos caused by multiple instructions overlapping. Through cross-device gradation parameter synchronization, process continuation, and compatibility processing for unsupported devices, it can achieve seamless volume transition between multiple audio devices, ensuring a consistent experience. Based on the user's historical adjustment behavior, a predictive model is built and pre-gradation is started in advance, which can solve the problems of stuttering, high computational overhead, and response lag in continuous and rapid adjustment scenarios, comprehensively improving the smoothness, real-time performance, and auditory comfort of volume adjustment in multiple scenarios, multiple devices, and multiple operation states in the vehicle.

[0109] The volume adjustment method will be further explained below through specific scenario examples.

[0110] Scenario 1: Mute unblocking scenario.

[0111] System Initialization: After the audio system starts, it is in a mute state, and the current volume value is the equivalent volume value of mute. When the user triggers the mute release button, a mute release volume adjustment command is generated. The target volume value corresponding to this command is 30dB, which is the historical volume value stored by the system before mute. System initialization parameters: preset change amplitude is 1dB, basic gradient duration is 20ms, adjustment coefficient is 0.5, maximum system volume span is 60dB, upper limit constraint value for volume gradient duration is 200ms, lower limit constraint value for volume gradient duration is 10ms, sub-step time interval is 5ms, and mute energy threshold is 0.02.

[0112] Upon receiving the volume adjustment command to unmute, the target volume value is parsed to be 30dB. The current volume value is read as 0dB (mute equivalent). The volume change between the current volume value and the target volume value is calculated to be 30dB. Since the volume change of 30dB is greater than the preset change of 1dB, the volume smoothing process is triggered.

[0113] Volume transition duration determination: Based on the basic transition duration, adjustment coefficient and the system's maximum volume span, the initial volume transition duration is calculated to be 20.25ms, which is then corrected to 20ms; the current audio is in a muted state, and the instantaneous audio energy is less than the muted energy threshold, so the volume transition duration is adjusted to 10ms according to the preset ratio.

[0114] Intermediate volume sequence generation: The initial volume gradient duration is divided according to the sub-step time interval. Since the single-step volume change exceeds the preset change range, the gradient step number is readjusted to ensure that the single-step volume change meets the noise-free adjustment requirements. Finally, the total gradient duration is determined to be 150ms. 30 intermediate volume values ​​are generated by logarithmic curve interpolation to obtain a continuous intermediate volume sequence.

[0115] Volume transition execution and hardware coordination: The hardware mute signal of the audio amplifier is deactivated. At a sub-step time interval of 5ms, the volume values ​​in the intermediate volume sequence are written to the audio codec register in sequence, so that the volume smoothly transitions from 0dB to 30dB. The overall transition time is 150ms.

[0116] Scenario 2: Navigation interruption scenario.

[0117] System initialization: The user plays music through the audio system, and the current volume value is 40dB; the navigation application starts and sends a volume adjustment command for navigation volume avoidance. The target volume value corresponding to this command is 20dB, which is 50% of the current volume value. The system parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0118] Volume adjustment command reception and parameter parsing: The system receives the volume adjustment command for navigation volume avoidance, parses it to obtain the target volume value of 20dB, and calculates the volume change range between the current volume value and the target volume value as 20dB.

[0119] Volume change magnitude determination: If the volume change magnitude is 20dB greater than the preset change magnitude of 1dB, the volume smoothing process is triggered.

[0120] Volume transition duration determination: The initial volume transition duration is calculated to be approximately 20.17ms, which is then corrected to 20ms; the music is currently playing normally, and the instantaneous audio energy is greater than or equal to the mute energy threshold, so the volume transition duration is maintained at 20ms.

[0121] Intermediate volume sequence generation: The volume transition duration is divided according to the sub-step time interval, and the number of transition steps is determined to be 4. The intermediate volume sequence is calculated by linear interpolation, which is 35dB, 30dB, 25dB, and 20dB respectively.

[0122] Volume gradual change execution: The hardware mute signal of the synchronous control audio amplifier is released, and the intermediate volume sequence is written sequentially according to the sub-step time interval of 5ms. The volume adjustment from 40dB to 20dB is completed within 20ms, without the generation of sudden volume noise.

[0123] Navigation End Volume Recovery: After the navigation voice broadcast ends, the system receives the volume adjustment command to restore the volume. The target volume value is 40dB, and the volume change range is 20dB. The current audio is in a brief silence state, and the instantaneous audio energy is less than the silence energy threshold. The volume change duration is adjusted to 10ms, and an intermediate volume sequence of 30dB and 40dB is generated. The volume recovery is completed within 10ms.

[0124] Scenario 3: Audio route switching scenario.

[0125] System initialization: The user plays music via Bluetooth device, and the current volume value is 35dB; an audio routing switching operation is triggered, switching the audio playback route from the Bluetooth device to the vehicle's local speaker, with a target volume value of 35dB, consistent with the volume value before the switch, and the system parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.

[0126] Audio route switching detection: The system detects an audio route switching event, waits for the route switching to complete and confirms that the switching status is effective, and then triggers the volume gradation process.

[0127] Volume change amplitude judgment and gradual triggering: The volume change amplitude between the current volume value and the target volume value is 0dB, which is less than or equal to the preset change amplitude of 1dB; in order to eliminate the small volume change noise during the route switching process, a short-duration volume gradual change is forcibly triggered. The volume gradual change duration adopts a lower limit constraint value of 10ms, and the gradual change step is 2.

[0128] Volume transition execution: Write 35dB to the audio codec register twice at 5ms sub-step intervals, synchronously control the release of the hardware mute signal of the audio power amplifier, and ensure the timing coordination between audio routing switching and volume adjustment.

[0129] In addition, such as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a volume adjustment device 400 provided in an embodiment of this application. The volume adjustment device 400 includes: The first acquisition module 401 is used to acquire the current volume value and the target volume value indicated by the volume adjustment command in response to the volume adjustment command; The second acquisition module 402 is used to acquire an upper limit value of auditory perception step size when the change between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds a preset change range. The upper limit value of auditory perception step size is used to indicate the maximum single change range of volume change that the human ear cannot perceive. The generation module 403 is used to generate an intermediate volume sequence based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size. The adjustment module 404 is used to adjust the current volume value sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached.

[0130] In the above scheme, the current volume value and the target volume value are obtained by responding to the volume adjustment command, providing the necessary basic parameters for the subsequent volume adjustment process. When the change between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds the preset change range, the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, which represents the maximum single change range of volume change that the human ear cannot perceive, is introduced as the core constraint. An intermediate volume sequence is generated based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and this constraint, breaking down the potentially abrupt large volume jumps into multiple consecutive small adjustment steps. Finally, the current volume value is adjusted step by step according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached, so that each volume change is within the range of changes that the human ear cannot perceive. This effectively avoids the instantaneous level change of the audio signal caused by directly writing the target volume value into the audio hardware, reduces the generation of popping sounds, and improves the auditory comfort of the volume adjustment process.

[0131] In one specific embodiment, the generation module 403 is further configured to: Based on the current volume value and the target volume value, determine the total change in auditory perceived intensity required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value; The minimum number of gradual steps is determined based on the total change in auditory perception intensity and the upper limit of auditory perception step size. Generate intermediate volume sequences based on the minimum number of gradation steps.

[0132] In one specific embodiment, the generation module 403 is further configured to: The total change in auditory perception intensity is divided into a minimum number of perception intensity steps, and each perception intensity step is less than or equal to the preset upper limit of auditory perception step size. Each perceived intensity step is sequentially converted into a corresponding volume step to generate an intermediate volume sequence.

[0133] In one specific embodiment, the generation module 403 is further configured to: Convert the current volume value to the current perceived intensity value, and convert the target volume value to the target perceived intensity value; The difference between the target perceived intensity value and the current perceived intensity value is determined as the total amount of auditory perceived intensity change required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value.

[0134] In one specific embodiment, the adjustment module 404 is further configured to: Get the volume fade-in duration; The time interval between two adjacent adjustments is determined based on the volume gradient duration and the intermediate volume sequence. Adjust the current volume value sequentially according to the time interval and intermediate volume sequence until the current volume value reaches the target volume value.

[0135] In one specific embodiment, the preset duration configuration parameters include a preset baseline value, an adjustment coefficient, an upper limit constraint value, and a lower limit constraint value. The volume adjustment device 400 also includes a determination module. The determination module is used to determine the initial gradation duration based on the minimum number of gradation steps, the preset benchmark value in the preset duration configuration parameters, and the adjustment coefficient. The preset duration configuration parameters are used to indicate the preset benchmark and constraint parameters required to calculate the volume gradation duration. If the initial fading duration is lower than the lower limit constraint value, the volume fading duration will be set as the lower limit constraint value. If the initial fading duration is higher than the upper limit constraint value, the volume fading duration will be set as the upper limit constraint value. If the initial fading duration is within the range of the upper and lower limit constraints, the initial fading duration will be determined as the volume fading duration.

[0136] In one specific embodiment, after determining the volume gradation duration, the volume adjustment device 500 further includes a first adjustment module: The first adjustment module is used to obtain the current driving scenario information of the vehicle, which is used to indicate the current driving environment of the vehicle. Based on driving scenario information, adjust the number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perceived intensity.

[0137] In one specific embodiment, the first adjustment module is further configured to: Determine the weights of each scenario factor in the driving scenario information; Based on weights and various scenario factors, comprehensive environmental interference data is determined. This comprehensive environmental interference data is used to indicate the overall impact of the current driving environment on the perception sensitivity to sudden changes in volume noise. Based on comprehensive environmental interference data, the adjustment coefficients are determined; Based on the adjustment coefficient, adjust the number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perceived intensity.

[0138] In one specific embodiment, after determining the volume gradation duration, the volume adjustment device further includes a first determining module: The first determining module is used to, when the driving scenario information changes, if the current volume value is being adjusted to the target volume value, redetermine the number of equal parts or the volume gradient duration required for the remaining volume adjustment based on the new driving scenario information, and continue to adjust the volume according to the redetermined number of equal parts or the volume gradient duration, starting from the currently adjusted volume value.

[0139] In one specific embodiment, after determining the volume gradation duration, the volume adjustment device further includes a second adjustment module: The second adjustment module is used to determine the instantaneous energy of the audio based on the time-domain signal of the currently playing audio. If the instantaneous audio energy is less than the preset mute energy threshold, the volume gradient duration will be adjusted according to the preset ratio.

[0140] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each unit performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0141] This embodiment also provides a vehicle, including an on-board controller. The on-board controller includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements any of the optional volume adjustment methods described above, thus achieving the same effect as the above implementation method.

[0142] The beneficial effects of the above embodiments can be referred to the beneficial effects of the corresponding methods provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0143] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0144] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0145] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left" and "right" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the position or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0146] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0147] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting volume, characterized in that, The method includes: In response to a volume adjustment command, the current volume value and the target volume value indicated by the volume adjustment command are obtained; If the change between the current volume value and the target volume value exceeds a preset change range, an upper limit value for auditory perception step size is obtained. The upper limit value for auditory perception step size is used to indicate the maximum single change range of volume change that the human ear cannot perceive. Based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size, an intermediate volume sequence is generated; The current volume value is adjusted sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached.

2. The adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating an intermediate volume sequence based on the current volume value, the target volume value, and the upper limit of the auditory perception step size includes: Based on the current volume value and the target volume value, determine the total change in auditory perceived intensity required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value; Based on the total change in auditory perception intensity and the upper limit of auditory perception step size, determine the minimum number of gradual steps; The intermediate volume sequence is generated based on the minimum number of gradation steps.

3. The adjustment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of generating the intermediate volume sequence based on the minimum number of gradation steps includes: The total change in auditory perception intensity is divided into the minimum number of perception intensity steps, and each perception intensity step is less than or equal to the preset upper limit of auditory perception step size. Each perceived intensity step is sequentially converted into a corresponding volume step to generate the intermediate volume sequence.

4. The adjustment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the total change in auditory perceived intensity required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value based on the current volume value and the target volume value includes: Convert the current volume value into a current perceived intensity value, and convert the target volume value into a target perceived intensity value; The difference between the target perceived intensity value and the current perceived intensity value is determined as the total amount of auditory perceived intensity change required to transition from the current volume value to the target volume value.

5. The adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the current volume value sequentially according to the intermediate volume sequence until the target volume value is reached includes: Get the volume fade-in duration; Based on the volume gradient duration and the intermediate volume sequence, the time interval between two adjacent adjustments is determined; The current volume value is adjusted sequentially according to the time interval and the intermediate volume sequence until the current volume value reaches the target volume value.

6. The adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset duration configuration parameters include a preset baseline value, an adjustment coefficient, an upper limit constraint value, and a lower limit constraint value. The method for determining the volume gradation duration includes: The initial gradation duration is determined based on the minimum number of gradation steps, the preset baseline value in the preset duration configuration parameters, and the adjustment coefficient. The preset duration configuration parameters are used to indicate the preset baseline and constraint parameters required to calculate the volume gradation duration. If the initial fading duration is lower than the lower limit constraint value, the volume fading duration is determined as the lower limit constraint value; If the initial fading duration is higher than the upper limit constraint value, the volume fading duration is determined to be the upper limit constraint value; If the initial fading duration is within the range of the upper limit constraint value and the lower limit constraint value, the initial fading duration is determined as the volume fading duration.

7. The adjustment method according to claim 6, characterized in that, After determining the volume transition duration, the method further includes: Obtain the current driving scenario information of the vehicle, wherein the current driving scenario information is used to indicate the current driving environment of the vehicle; Based on the driving scenario information, adjust the number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perception intensity.

8. The adjustment method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the volume gradient duration or the number of equal parts of the total change in auditory perception intensity based on the driving scenario information includes: Determine the weight of each scenario factor in the driving scenario information; Based on the weights and various scenario factors, comprehensive environmental interference data is determined. This comprehensive environmental interference data is used to indicate the overall impact of the current driving environment on the sensitivity to sudden volume noise. Based on the comprehensive environmental interference data, the adjustment coefficients are determined; Based on the adjustment coefficient, adjust the number of equal parts of the volume gradation duration or the total change in auditory perception intensity.

9. The adjustment method according to claim 7, characterized in that, After determining the volume transition duration, the method further includes: When the driving scenario information changes, if the current volume value is being adjusted to the target volume value, the remaining number of equal parts or the volume transition duration required for volume adjustment is re-determined based on the new driving scenario information. Starting from the currently adjusted volume value, the volume is adjusted again according to the re-determined number of equal parts or the volume transition duration.

10. The adjustment method according to claim 6, characterized in that, After determining the volume transition duration, the method further includes: Determine the instantaneous energy of the audio based on the time-domain signal of the currently playing audio; If the instantaneous audio energy is less than the preset mute energy threshold, the volume gradient duration is adjusted according to a preset ratio.

11. A vehicle, comprising an on-board controller, the on-board controller including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the volume adjustment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

Images