Construction method for removing and transporting large existing equipment in a continuation project refrigeration plant room

Abstract

The application discloses a construction method for removing and transporting large existing equipment in a refrigeration machine room of a continuation project, which comprises two major procedures of equipment removal and equipment transportation. The removal procedure establishes a three-level decision mechanism of "overall transportation priority-structure reinforcement supplement-function section disintegration bottom-up", and sequentially completes pipeline separation, function section disintegration, protection and lifting point setting. The transportation procedure uses the existing basement ramp, adopts a combined system of winch+diversion pulley+ground tank to complete ramp traction, and finally realizes ground transfer and external transportation. The application does not need to add lifting holes and will not damage the sealed main structure. Through four quantitative calculations of structural bearing capacity, weld strength, traction force and steel wire rope stress, the whole process safety control is realized. The function section disintegration does not damage the core components of the equipment, maximizes the recycling value of the old equipment, adapts to the closed operation scene of the basement of the continuation project, and has strong operability and wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical and electrical equipment dismantling technology in building continuation projects, and in particular to a construction method for dismantling and transporting large old equipment in a refrigeration room of a building continuation project. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of urban renewal initiatives, the revitalization and renovation of existing ongoing projects has become an important direction for industry development. These projects often have completed main structures, and large old mechanical and electrical equipment in the basement refrigeration room often face challenges such as limited operating space, largely closed existing vertical hoisting channels, and the inability to add new hoisting openings.

[0003] Existing conventional demolition methods, such as breaking down the structure to create new hoisting openings, can cause irreversible damage to the main structure of the project, resulting in high construction costs and long cycles. On-site dismantling and cutting methods can easily damage core functional sections of the equipment, significantly reducing the recycling value of the old equipment, and lack standardized operating procedures, making it difficult to balance construction safety and equipment integrity. Currently, there is no method for dismantling and transporting large-scale old equipment systems in the context of enclosed basements in projects undergoing renovation that balances structural safety, equipment recycling value, and operability.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a construction method for dismantling and transporting large old equipment from the refrigeration room of a continued construction project to address the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a construction method for dismantling and transporting large existing equipment in the refrigeration room of a continued construction project. This method solves the problems of difficult transportation of large equipment, easy damage to the main structure, and loss of equipment recycling value in the closed scenario of the basement hoisting passage of a continued construction project, thereby achieving safe, efficient, and high-value equipment dismantling and transportation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for dismantling and transporting large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project includes an equipment dismantling process and an equipment transfer process; the equipment dismantling process includes the following steps: S1. Determination of dismantling plan: The overall equipment transfer plan shall be given priority. The structural bearing capacity of the transfer path shall be verified in advance. If the structural bearing capacity does not meet the overall transfer load requirements, the corresponding structural section shall be reinforced. If structural reinforcement cannot be implemented or the equipment dimensions conflict with the main structure channel, the dismantling plan shall be adopted by functional section dismantling. S2. Functional section dismantling operation: The equipment is divided into multiple independent functional sections by separating the pipelines in stages and cutting the connecting parts. Only the connecting pipes and connecting steel plates between each functional section are cut off, while the main structure of each functional section is kept intact. S3. Post-disassembly protection and pre-hoisting treatment: Seal the cut ends of the pipes in each functional section, remove the precision instruments on the surface of the equipment and seal the corresponding sampling ports, and weld hoisting points on the top of functional sections without original hoisting holes. The equipment transfer process includes the following steps: S4. Pre-treatment of transfer path: Clear obstacles and debris from the existing ramp in the basement, level the ramp surface, and control the fluctuation range of the rolling friction coefficient between the ground tank and the ramp. S5. Ramp Traction Transfer: A combined traction system of winch, steering pulley and ground tank is used to pull equipment or functional sections from the basement to the ground floor along the existing ramp. During the traction process, the angle of the traction wire rope is adjusted to match the slope of the ramp. S6. Ground relocation and off-site transport: After the equipment is transported to the ground, it is hoisted onto the transport vehicle using lifting equipment to complete the off-site transport of the old equipment.

[0007] Step S1, which involves structural bearing capacity verification and reinforcement determination, specifically includes load calculation steps. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0008] In the formula Let S be the equivalent uniformly distributed load of the equipment acting on the structural surface, k be the dynamic impact coefficient, G be the total weight of the equipment, and S be the total contact area between the equipment and the structure; when the structure is designed to bear... When the overall transfer requirements are met, it is determined that the transfer is successful; when When necessary, the structure should be reinforced by bonding steel plates and adding supports to ensure that the reinforced structure meets the required load-bearing capacity. .

[0009] In step S2, the disassembly sequence of the functional sections of the steam lithium bromide absorption chiller unit is as follows: first disassemble the condenser component, then disassemble the generator component, and finally disassemble the evaporator-absorber component; the pipeline separation operation is performed in the following order: remove the unit connection pipelines and interfering pipelines and supports on the transport path → remove the signal lines and power lines of the sensors and control cabinets of each component → cut the connecting pipes and steel plates at the connection points between each functional section to complete the separation of each functional section.

[0010] In step S3, before the welding hoisting points are reached, a weld strength verification step is performed. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula Let F be the shear stress of the weld, and F be the maximum tensile force that a single lifting point can withstand. This refers to the fillet weld leg size. The calculated length for a single weld seam. The design value for the shear strength of the fillet welds of the corresponding steel is used; the thickness of the steel plate at the hoisting point is consistent with the thickness of the steel section of the equipment base, and double-sided fillet welds are used. The location and number of hoisting points are implemented after confirmation by the equipment manufacturer.

[0011] In step S3, the pipe cut surface is sealed using a membrane sealing method; the dismantled precision instruments are stored in a designated protective environment as required by the equipment manufacturer, and the sampling port is sealed with a sealing plug of appropriate size.

[0012] Step S5, which involves winch selection and traction control, includes a traction force calculation step. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula The minimum traction force required for ramp traction. Let G be the coefficient of rolling friction between the tank and the ramp surface, and G be the total weight of the transport unit. The slope angle; the rated traction force of the winch is greater than or equal to Multiply by a safety factor, and adjust the installation height of the winch and steering pulley during traction to ensure that the angle between the traction wire rope and the horizontal plane equals the slope angle. This ensures that the direction of the traction force is collinear with the direction of the rolling friction force.

[0013] In step S5, at the knot between the winch wire rope and the equipment binding wire rope, a wire rope stress calculation is performed. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula This represents the working tension of a single binding wire rope, where n is the number of binding wire ropes. The angle between the two binding steel wire ropes. K represents the minimum breaking tensile force of the wire rope, and K is the safety factor of the wire rope; the included angle of the binding wire rope is controlled. The angle should not exceed 120°, and a safety bend in the wire rope should be reserved at the knot point.

[0014] In step S5, the steering pulleys are arranged in sections along the transport path. During the traction process, they move forward with the transport unit, are dismantled in sections, and are reinstalled. Before the traction operation, the angle of the traction rope is simulated in advance. During the operation, a dedicated person is assigned to monitor the operation and real-time communication equipment is provided to control abnormal working conditions.

[0015] After the ramp is cleaned in step S4, there are no protruding debris or construction waste on the ramp surface. The fluctuation range of the rolling friction coefficient is controlled within ±0.02 to ensure a smooth traction process.

[0016] After the equipment or functional section is transported out of the basement ramp in step S6, a truck crane is used to lift it onto a ground freight vehicle. The lifting process uses the same lifting points and protective measures as the dismantling stage to complete the equipment transportation.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes existing ramps for transportation throughout the entire process, without the need for additional hoisting openings, and will not damage the already capped main structure, thus meeting the construction requirements for urban renewal and renovation of existing structures.

[0018] 2. Maximize the recycling value of equipment: The three-level decision-making mechanism prioritizes the integrity of the equipment. Functional sections are disassembled by cutting only the connecting parts without damaging the core functional sections, which greatly improves the recycling and reuse value of old equipment.

[0019] 3. Four quantitative calculation formulas cover the entire process of stress control for structure, lifting points, traction, and wire ropes, replacing experience-based operations and effectively reducing construction risks.

[0020] 4. It can be used for the overall transportation of equipment or for the transportation of disassembled components, adapting to ongoing projects with different spatial conditions and structural load-bearing capacities. The construction process is standardized and easy to promote and apply. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the equipment dismantling and removal construction method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the component numbers of the steam lithium bromide absorption chiller unit of the present invention; Figures 3 to 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ramp transportation system of the present invention; Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ramp transportation of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the wire rope knot of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the figure, this embodiment introduces a construction method for dismantling and transporting large old equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project, including equipment dismantling procedures and equipment transfer procedures; the equipment dismantling procedure includes the following steps: S1. Determination of dismantling plan: The overall equipment transfer plan shall be given priority. The structural bearing capacity of the transfer path shall be verified in advance. If the structural bearing capacity does not meet the overall transfer load requirements, the corresponding structural section shall be reinforced. If structural reinforcement cannot be implemented or the equipment dimensions conflict with the main structure channel, the dismantling plan shall be adopted by functional section dismantling. S2. Functional section dismantling operation: The equipment is divided into multiple independent functional sections by separating the pipelines in stages and cutting the connecting parts. Only the connecting pipes and connecting steel plates between each functional section are cut off, while the main structure of each functional section is kept intact. S3. Post-disassembly protection and pre-hoisting treatment: Seal the cut ends of the pipes in each functional section, remove the precision instruments on the surface of the equipment and seal the corresponding sampling ports, and weld hoisting points on the top of functional sections without original hoisting holes. The equipment transfer process includes the following steps: S4. Pre-treatment of transfer path: Clear obstacles and debris from the existing ramp in the basement, level the ramp surface, and control the fluctuation range of the rolling friction coefficient between the ground tank and the ramp. S5. Ramp Traction Transfer: A combined traction system of winch, steering pulley and ground tank is used to pull equipment or functional sections from the basement to the ground floor along the existing ramp. During the traction process, the angle of the traction wire rope is adjusted to match the slope of the ramp. S6. Ground relocation and off-site transport: After the equipment is transported to the ground, it is hoisted onto the transport vehicle using lifting equipment to complete the off-site transport of the old equipment.

[0024] Step S1, which involves structural bearing capacity verification and reinforcement determination, specifically includes load calculation steps. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0025] In the formula Let S be the equivalent uniformly distributed load of the equipment acting on the structural surface, k be the dynamic impact coefficient, G be the total weight of the equipment, and S be the total contact area between the equipment and the structure; when the structure is designed to bear... When the overall transfer requirements are met, it is determined that the transfer is successful; when When necessary, the structure should be reinforced by bonding steel plates and adding supports to ensure that the reinforced structure meets the required load-bearing capacity. .

[0026] In step S2, the disassembly sequence of the functional sections of the steam lithium bromide absorption chiller unit is as follows: first disassemble the condenser component, then disassemble the generator component, and finally disassemble the evaporator-absorber component; the pipeline separation operation is performed in the following order: remove the unit connection pipelines and interfering pipelines and supports on the transport path → remove the signal lines and power lines of the sensors and control cabinets of each component → cut the connecting pipes and steel plates at the connection points between each functional section to complete the separation of each functional section.

[0027] In step S3, before the welding hoisting points are reached, a weld strength verification step is performed. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula Let F be the shear stress of the weld, and F be the maximum tensile force that a single lifting point can withstand. This refers to the fillet weld leg size. The calculated length for a single weld seam. The design value for the shear strength of the fillet welds of the corresponding steel is used; the thickness of the steel plate at the hoisting point is consistent with the thickness of the steel section of the equipment base, and double-sided fillet welds are used. The location and number of hoisting points are implemented after confirmation by the equipment manufacturer.

[0028] In step S3, the pipe cut surface is sealed using a membrane sealing method; the dismantled precision instruments are stored in a designated protective environment as required by the equipment manufacturer, and the sampling port is sealed with a sealing plug of appropriate size.

[0029] Step S5, which involves winch selection and traction control, includes a traction force calculation step. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula The minimum traction force required for ramp traction. Let G be the coefficient of rolling friction between the tank and the ramp surface, and G be the total weight of the transport unit. The slope angle; the rated traction force of the winch is greater than or equal to Multiply by a safety factor, and adjust the installation height of the winch and steering pulley during traction to ensure that the angle between the traction wire rope and the horizontal plane equals the slope angle. This ensures that the direction of the traction force is collinear with the direction of the rolling friction force.

[0030] In step S5, at the knot between the winch wire rope and the equipment binding wire rope, a wire rope stress calculation is performed. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula This represents the working tension of a single binding wire rope, where n is the number of binding wire ropes. The angle between the two binding steel wire ropes. K represents the minimum breaking tensile force of the wire rope, and K is the safety factor of the wire rope; the included angle of the binding wire rope is controlled. The angle should not exceed 120°, and a safety bend in the wire rope should be reserved at the knot point.

[0031] In step S5, the steering pulleys are arranged in sections along the transport path. During the traction process, they move forward with the transport unit, are dismantled in sections, and are reinstalled. Before the traction operation, the angle of the traction rope is simulated in advance. During the operation, a dedicated person is assigned to monitor the operation and real-time communication equipment is provided to control abnormal working conditions.

[0032] After the ramp is cleaned in step S4, there are no protruding debris or construction waste on the ramp surface. The fluctuation range of the rolling friction coefficient is controlled within ±0.02 to ensure a smooth traction process.

[0033] After the equipment or functional section is transported out of the basement ramp in step S6, a truck crane is used to lift it onto a ground freight vehicle. The lifting process uses the same lifting points and protective measures as the dismantling stage to complete the equipment transportation.

[0034] This embodiment focuses on the demolition of a steam lithium bromide absorption chiller unit in the basement refrigeration room of the continued construction project. The unit weighs 28 tons. The main structure of the basement has been completed, and the original hoisting opening has been sealed. The equipment can only be transported out via the existing medium-duty vehicle ramp. The specific construction steps are as follows: I. Equipment dismantling procedure 1. Determination of Demolition Plan First, verify the structural bearing capacity of the ramp and the machine room floor slab, and calculate the equivalent uniformly distributed load using the following formula: ; In this embodiment, the dynamic impact coefficient k is taken as 1.2, and the total weight of the equipment is... Total contact area of ​​equipment base Calculated Upon verification, the load-bearing capacity of the ramp structure met the requirements, but the load-bearing capacity of some floor slabs in the machine room was insufficient. Temporary steel supports were added for reinforcement, and the load-bearing capacity met the load requirements after reinforcement. At the same time, the external dimensions of the equipment were verified, and it was found that the overall width of the unit was greater than the clear width of the ramp entrance, making it impossible for the entire unit to pass through. Therefore, the final dismantling plan was to dismantle the equipment by functional sections.

[0035] 2. Functional segment dismantling operation like Figure 2 As shown, the steam lithium bromide absorption chiller is divided into three core functional sections: component 3 is the condenser, component 1 is the generator, and component 2 is the evaporator-absorber. The disassembly sequence is 3→1→2. The pipeline separation is carried out in three steps: the first step is to remove the inlet and outlet water pipes, steam pipes, and other connecting pipelines, as well as any interfering pipelines and supports in the transport path; the second step is to remove the signal and power lines of the sensors and instruments of each component connected to the control cabinet, and store them separately; the third step is to use plasma cutting equipment to cut the connecting pipes and steel plates between the functional sections, separating only the connecting parts and not cutting the functional section body itself, thus completing the disassembly and separation of the three functional sections.

[0036] 3. Post-disassembly protection and pre-hoisting treatment Pipe break protection: All cut pipe breaks are wrapped and sealed with plastic film to prevent dust and debris from entering the equipment during transportation.

[0037] Precision instrument protection: Remove all pressure sensors, temperature sensors and other instruments from the surface of each functional section, and store them in a dry and dustproof special box as required by the equipment manufacturer. Seal the corresponding sampling ports with rubber plugs of the same size.

[0038] Lifting point setup: Component 2 (evaporator-absorber) has built-in base lifting holes, requiring no additional machining; Components 1 and 3 do not have original lifting holes on top, and lifting points are welded using steel plates of the same thickness as the base steel. Weld strength calculations are performed before welding, using the following formula: ; In this embodiment, the maximum tensile force at a single lifting point solder leg size Calculated length of a single weld The steel is Q235B, and the design value of the shear strength of the fillet weld is... The calculated shear stress met the strength requirements. All lifting points were double-sided welded, with full and defect-free welds. The lifting point locations were confirmed on-site by the equipment manufacturer's technical personnel before implementation.

[0039] II. Equipment Transfer Procedure 1. Transit route preprocessing Personnel were assigned to thoroughly clean the basement ramp, removing construction waste, residual materials, and protruding debris, and leveling the ramp surface to ensure that the rolling friction coefficient between the ground tank and the ramp was controlled within ±0.02, thus guaranteeing a smooth transportation process.

[0040] 2. Ramp traction and transfer like Figures 3-6 As shown, a combination of a winch, a steering pulley, and a ground tank is used for ramp transport. First, the winch's traction force is calculated using the following formula: In this embodiment, the maximum weight of a single functional segment is 12t, and the rolling friction coefficient is... Take 0.05, ramp inclination angle The calculated minimum traction force is approximately 20.7 kN. A winch with a rated traction force of 50 kN is selected to meet the safety factor requirements. The winch and steering pulley are installed, and the height of the pulley and winch is adjusted by adding shims to ensure that the angle between the traction wire rope and the horizontal plane equals the slope angle, guaranteeing that the direction of the tension force is collinear with the rolling friction force. The disassembled functional sections are placed on the ground tank and secured with binding wire ropes. The stress on the wire rope at the tie points is verified using the following formula: ; like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, two steel wire ropes are used for binding, with an included angle of... The angle is controlled at 120°, with a safety factor K of 6. After verification, a steel wire rope with a breaking tensile strength of not less than 120kN is selected, and a safety bend is reserved at the knot point. During the traction process, the guide pulley is dismantled and reinstalled in sections as the equipment moves forward. The angle of the traction rope is simulated in advance before the operation. During the process, a dedicated person is assigned to a safe position to monitor the situation and is equipped with a walkie-talkie for real-time communication. The machine is stopped immediately if any abnormality occurs.

[0041] 3. Ground relocation and off-site transportation After each functional section is transported to the ground along the ramp, a 25t truck crane is used to lift the equipment onto a freight vehicle using the same lifting points as in the dismantling stage. After securing and fixing, the equipment is transported out.

[0042] Example 2: Overall Transfer and Construction of Water-Cooled Screw Chiller Unit This embodiment focuses on the dismantling of a water-cooled screw chiller unit in the refrigeration room on the second basement floor of the continued construction project. The unit weighs 18 tons. The main structure of the basement has been completed, and the original vertical hoisting opening has been sealed. The equipment can only be transported out via the existing small car ramp with an inclination angle of 8°. The specific construction steps are as follows: I. Equipment dismantling procedure The demolition plan determination first requires verifying the structural bearing capacity of the ramp and machine room floor slab, and then calculating the equivalent uniformly distributed load according to the formula: ; In this embodiment, the dynamic impact coefficient k is taken as 1.2, and the total weight of the equipment is... Total contact area of ​​equipment base Calculated Upon verification, the ramp structure's design bearing capacity met the load requirements. However, the design bearing capacity of a local floor slab within the machine room was only 22 kN / m², which did not meet the overall transfer requirements. Therefore, steel plates were preferentially used to reinforce this section of the floor slab. After reinforcement, the structural bearing capacity increased to 30 kN / m², meeting the requirements. The requirements were met; at the same time, the external dimensions of the equipment were verified. The overall width and height of the unit were smaller than the clearance dimensions of the ramp entrance, and there was no conflict in the passage. Therefore, the dismantling plan of overall transportation was finally adopted, without the need for functional section dismantling.

[0043] Overall equipment protection and pre-hoisting pipeline separation: First, remove all connecting pipelines such as the unit's inlet and outlet water pipes and cooling water pipes, and simultaneously clear any interfering pipelines and supports along the transport path; then, remove the signal and power lines of the unit's sensors and control panels, organize and number them, and store them separately in a dustproof environment. Equipment protection: All pipe cut ends are wrapped and sealed with plastic film to prevent debris from entering the equipment cavity; remove precision instruments such as pressure transmitters and temperature sensors from the unit's surface, store them in a dry and dustproof special box, and seal the corresponding sampling ports with appropriately sized rubber plugs. Lifting point verification: The unit comes with original factory lifting points. The equipment manufacturer confirmed that the load-bearing capacity of the lifting points meets the requirements, and the strength calculation of the lifting point welds was completed. The results meet the strength standards, and no additional welding of lifting points is required.

[0044] The pre-treatment of the transfer path involves thoroughly cleaning up construction waste, protruding debris, and residual mortar along the entire basement ramp, smoothing out any protruding parts on the ramp surface, and controlling the fluctuation range of the rolling friction coefficient between the ground tank and the ramp contact surface within ±0.02 to ensure a smooth and uninterrupted traction process.

[0045] ramp traction and transfer A combined system of winch, steering pulley, and ground tank is used for ramp transport. First, the winch traction force is calculated using the following formula: ; In this embodiment, the total weight of the transport unit Rolling friction coefficient Take 0.05, ramp inclination angle The calculated minimum traction force is approximately 33.9 kN. A winch with a rated traction force of 50 kN is selected, and the safety factor meets the specifications. The winch and steering pulley are installed, and the height of the pads is adjusted so that the angle between the traction wire rope and the horizontal plane equals the slope angle of 8°, ensuring that the direction of the traction force is collinear with the direction of the rolling friction force. The entire unit is then stably placed on four load-bearing ground tanks and secured with two binding wire ropes. The stress on the wire ropes at the tie points is verified using the following formula: ; In this embodiment, the number of binding wire ropes n=2, and the included angle between the two wire ropes is... The angle is controlled at 90°, with a safety factor K of 6. After verification, a steel wire rope with a minimum breaking strength of not less than 180kN is selected, and a safety bend in the steel wire rope is reserved at the tie point. During the traction process, three sets of steering pulleys are arranged in sections along the slope, and the steering pulleys are replaced in sections as the group moves forward. Before the traction operation, the angle of the traction rope is simulated in advance. Throughout the operation, two dedicated personnel are assigned to monitor the slope from the top and bottom, respectively, and are equipped with walkie-talkies for real-time communication. If any abnormal conditions occur, the machine is stopped immediately for inspection.

[0046] After the ground-based relocation unit was transported to the ground along the ramp, a 25t truck crane was used to lift the equipment onto the freight vehicle using the original lifting points of the unit. After securing it, the old equipment was transported out.

[0047] Example 3: Construction of a three-stage centrifugal chiller unit through a long ramp for disassembly and transportation. This embodiment focuses on the dismantling of a three-stage centrifugal chiller unit located in the underground chiller room on the third floor of the continued construction project. The unit weighs 36 tons. The main structure of the basement has been completed, and the original hoisting openings are permanently closed. Transportation to the outside can only be achieved via an existing long ramp, 42 meters long with a 6° inclination. A secondary structural beam exists at the machine room exit, but its clearance is less than the overall height of the unit. Furthermore, this beam is a main load-bearing beam and cannot be altered. Therefore, a functional section dismantling scheme is adopted. The specific construction steps are as follows: I. Equipment dismantling procedure The demolition plan determination first requires verifying the structural bearing capacity of the transportation route, and then calculating the equivalent uniformly distributed load using the formula: ; In this embodiment, the dynamic impact coefficient k is taken as 1.2, and the total weight of the equipment is... Total contact area of ​​equipment base The overall equivalent uniformly distributed load is calculated. Upon verification, the load-bearing capacity of the ramp and the machine room floor slab met the overall load requirements. However, the clearance under the secondary beam at the machine room exit was insufficient, preventing the equipment from passing through. Furthermore, the main beam could not be altered. Therefore, the fallback solution of the three-level decision-making mechanism was triggered, and the demolition method of dismantling the equipment by functional segment was adopted.

[0048] The functional section disassembly operation divided the centrifugal chiller unit into four independent functional sections. The disassembly sequence was as follows: first, disassemble the oil separator component; then, disassemble the condenser component; then, disassemble the evaporator component; and finally, disassemble the compressor main unit. The pipeline separation operation was carried out in three steps: First, all connecting pipelines, including refrigerant pipes, water pipes, and oil pipes, as well as interfering pipelines and supports along the transport path, were removed; second, the signal and power lines of sensors, actuators, and control cabinets in each functional section were removed, categorized, numbered, and stored separately; third, plasma cutting equipment was used to cut only the connecting pipes, flanges, and steel plates between the functional sections, preserving the structural integrity of each functional section without damaging core components. This completed the disassembly and separation of the four functional sections, with a maximum weight of 11 tons for a single section.

[0049] Post-disassembly protection and pre-hoisting treatment: Pipeline break protection: All cut pipe and oil pipe breaks are wrapped and sealed with double-layer plastic film to prevent dust, debris, and residual refrigerant from leaking into the equipment. Precision instrument protection: Pressure sensors, flow sensors, level gauges, and other precision instruments on the surface of each functional section are removed and stored in a temperature-controlled, dust-proof box as required by the manufacturer. All sampling and testing ports are sealed with appropriately sized plugs. Hoisting point setup: The compressor main unit section has built-in hoisting holes, requiring no additional processing; the oil separator, condenser, and evaporator sections do not have built-in hoisting holes at the top, and hoisting points are welded using steel plates of the same thickness as the equipment base steel. Weld strength calculations are performed before welding, using the following formula: In this embodiment, the maximum tensile force that a single lifting point can withstand is... fillet weld leg size Calculated length of a single weld The steel is Q235B, and the design value of the shear strength of the fillet weld is... The calculated shear stress of the weld met the strength requirements. All lifting points were welded with double-sided fillet welds, and the welds were full and defect-free. The location and number of lifting points were confirmed by the equipment manufacturer's technical personnel before implementation.

[0050] II. Equipment Transfer Procedure The entire long ramp from the underground three levels to the ground is cleared during the pre-treatment of the transfer route. Construction waste, water, and protruding debris in the ramp are removed, and local potholes on the ramp surface are repaired. After leveling, the fluctuation range of the rolling friction coefficient between the ground tank and the ramp is controlled within ±0.02 to ensure the stability of long-distance traction.

[0051] The ramp traction and transfer system utilizes a combination of a winch, multiple sets of steering pulleys, and ground tanks to pull the four functional sections to the ground in batches. First, the winch traction force is calculated using the following formula: ; In this embodiment, the maximum total weight of a single transport segment Rolling friction coefficient Take 0.05, ramp inclination angle The calculated minimum traction force is approximately 16.9 kN. A winch with a rated traction force of 30 kN is selected, and the safety factor meets the requirements. Five sets of steering pulleys are arranged in sections along the long slope. By adjusting the installation height of the pulleys, the angle between the traction wire rope and the horizontal plane is always equal to the slope angle of 6°, ensuring that the direction of the traction force is collinear with the direction of the rolling friction force. The functional section is placed on the ground tank and fixed with two binding wire ropes. The stress of the wire rope at the tie point is verified. ; In this embodiment, the number of binding wire ropes n=2, and the included angle... The angle is controlled at 60°, with a safety factor K of 6. After verification, a steel wire rope with a minimum breaking strength of not less than 110kN is selected, and a safety bend is reserved at the knot point. During the traction process, the steering pulleys are switched in sections as the transport unit moves forward. An additional monitor is stationed in the middle of long slopes, and real-time communication equipment is provided throughout the process to monitor abnormal working conditions. The traction speed is controlled within 5m / min to ensure smooth long-distance transport.

[0052] After the functional sections were transported to the ground in sequence, a 50t truck crane was used, with the same lifting points and protective measures as in the dismantling stage, to lift each functional section onto the freight vehicle in sequence, and after binding and fixing, the old equipment was transported out.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment from a refrigeration room in a continued construction project, characterized in that: The process includes equipment dismantling and equipment transfer; the equipment dismantling process includes the following steps: S1. Determination of demolition plan: The overall equipment transfer plan should be given priority. The structural bearing capacity of the transfer path should be verified in advance. If the structural bearing capacity does not meet the overall transfer load requirements, the corresponding structural section should be reinforced. When structural reinforcement is not possible or the equipment dimensions conflict with the main structure's passageway, a dismantling scheme based on functional sections shall be adopted. S2. Functional section dismantling operation: The equipment is divided into multiple independent functional sections by separating the pipelines in stages and cutting the connecting parts. Only the connecting pipes and connecting steel plates between each functional section are cut off, while the main structure of each functional section is kept intact. S3. Post-disassembly protection and pre-hoisting treatment: Seal the cut ends of the pipes in each functional section, remove the precision instruments on the surface of the equipment and seal the corresponding sampling ports, and weld hoisting points on the top of functional sections without original hoisting holes. The equipment transfer process includes the following steps: S4. Pre-treatment of transfer path: Clear obstacles and debris from the existing ramp in the basement, level the ramp surface, and control the fluctuation range of the rolling friction coefficient between the ground tank and the ramp. S5. Ramp Traction Transfer: A combined traction system of winch, steering pulley and ground tank is used to pull equipment or functional sections from the basement to the ground floor along the existing ramp. During the traction process, the angle of the traction wire rope is adjusted to match the slope of the ramp. S6. Ground relocation and off-site transport: After the equipment is transported to the ground, it is hoisted onto the transport vehicle using lifting equipment to complete the off-site transport of the old equipment.

2. The construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structural bearing capacity verification and reinforcement determination in step S1 specifically includes a load calculation step, and the calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula Let S be the equivalent uniformly distributed load of the equipment acting on the structural surface, k be the dynamic impact coefficient, G be the total weight of the equipment, and S be the total contact area between the equipment and the structure; when the structure is designed to bear... When the overall transfer requirements are met, it is determined that the transfer is successful; when When necessary, the structure should be reinforced by bonding steel plates and adding supports to ensure that the reinforced structure meets the required load-bearing capacity. .

3. The construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the disassembly sequence of the functional sections of the steam lithium bromide absorption chiller unit is as follows: first, disassemble the condenser component, then the generator component, and finally the evaporator-absorber component; the pipeline separation operation is performed in sequence: remove the unit's connecting pipelines and interfering pipelines and supports on the transport path → remove the signal lines and power lines of the sensors and control cabinets of each component → cut the connecting pipes and steel plates at the connection points between each functional section to complete the separation of each functional section.

4. The construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, before the welding hoisting points are lifted, a weld strength verification step is performed. The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula Let F be the shear stress of the weld, and F be the maximum tensile force that a single lifting point can withstand. This refers to the fillet weld leg size. The calculated length for a single weld seam. The design value for the shear strength of the fillet welds of the corresponding steel is used; the thickness of the steel plate at the hoisting point is consistent with the thickness of the steel section of the equipment base, and double-sided fillet welds are used. The location and number of hoisting points are implemented after confirmation by the equipment manufacturer.

5. A construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the pipe cut surface is sealed using a membrane sealing method; the dismantled precision instruments are stored in a designated protective environment according to the equipment manufacturer's requirements, and the sampling port is sealed with a sealing plug of appropriate size.

6. A construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: Step S5, which involves winch selection and traction control, includes a traction force calculation step. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula The minimum traction force required for ramp traction. Let G be the coefficient of rolling friction between the tank and the ramp surface, and G be the total weight of the transport unit. The slope angle; the rated traction force of the winch is greater than or equal to Multiply by a safety factor, and adjust the installation height of the winch and steering pulley during traction to ensure that the angle between the traction wire rope and the horizontal plane equals the slope angle. This ensures that the direction of the traction force is collinear with the direction of the rolling friction force.

7. A construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, at the knot between the winch wire rope and the equipment binding wire rope, a wire rope stress calculation is performed. The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula This represents the working tension of a single binding wire rope, where n is the number of binding wire ropes. The angle between the two binding steel wire ropes. K represents the minimum breaking tensile force of the wire rope, and K is the safety factor of the wire rope; the included angle of the binding wire rope is controlled. The angle should not exceed 120°, and a safety bend in the wire rope should be reserved at the knot point.

8. A construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the steering pulleys are arranged in sections along the transport path. During the traction process, they move forward with the transport unit, are dismantled in sections, and are reinstalled. Before the traction operation, the angle of the traction rope is simulated in advance. During the operation, a dedicated person is assigned to monitor the operation and real-time communication equipment is provided to control abnormal working conditions.

9. A construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... After the ramp is cleaned in step S4, there are no protruding debris or construction waste on the ramp surface. The fluctuation range of the rolling friction coefficient is controlled within ±0.02 to ensure a smooth traction process.

10. A construction method for dismantling and removing large existing equipment in a refrigeration room of a continued construction project, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, after the equipment or functional section is transported out of the basement ramp, a truck crane is used to lift it onto a ground freight vehicle. The lifting process uses the same lifting points and protective measures as the dismantling stage to complete the equipment transportation.

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