A method for designing an adaptive design of a seabed seismograph layout point based on terrain slope

Abstract

The present application relates to marine geophysical exploration and seabed observation equipment laying technical field, specifically relates to a kind of seabed seismograph laying point adaptive design method based on topographic gradient.The method obtains seabed topographic grid data, instrument total quantity and survey line control point, determines the integer laying interval quantity of each survey section under the constraint of laying interval total number and generates theoretical laying point;According to the water depth of each point, determine the topographic evaluation radius, calculate the average slope of evaluation area;For the point exceeding critical slope, candidate point is generated step by step along the positive and negative direction of the survey section according to the associated moving step length, and the nearest qualified candidate point is selected;When there is no qualified point within the maximum allowed moving distance, select the point with the smallest average slope in the region and generate a high-risk identifier.The present application can consider laying interval uniformity, seabed topographic adaptability and survey line geometric structure stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine geophysical exploration and seabed observation equipment deployment technology, specifically to an adaptive design method for the deployment points of seabed seismometers based on topographic slope. Background Technology

[0002] Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) are observation devices deployed on the seabed to receive seismic wave signals generated by natural earthquakes or artificial sources. They are widely used in marine crustal structure detection, oil and gas resource exploration, marine active fault research, and earthquake monitoring. OBS are typically deployed according to pre-planned survey lines and station spacing. The deployment points and actual seabed landing locations directly affect the spatial structure of the observation array, the coupling state between the instrument and the seabed, and the quality of seismic data. During the design process for deploying OBS, theoretical deployment points are usually generated based on the survey line length and the number of instruments, following a fixed or approximately equal station spacing principle. However, when a survey line consists of multiple control points connecting to form several segments of varying lengths, rounding down the allocation for each segment can easily lead to discrepancies between the total number of instruments and the designed number, duplicate counting of shared control points in adjacent segments, or significant differences in station spacing between different segments. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the deployment intervals of each segment while maintaining a fixed total number of instruments to ensure the uniformity of the overall station spacing along the survey line. On the other hand, the seabed is not an ideal plane; some theoretical deployment points may be located on steep seabed slopes, at the edges of valleys, or in areas with significant local topographic relief. After deployment, the actual landing position may deviate from the surface deployment position due to factors such as water currents, sinking distance, and deployment errors. If the instrument lands on a seabed with a large slope or significant undulations, it may tilt, slip, or experience poor coupling, thereby affecting the signal-to-noise ratio and effectiveness of the recorded signal. Therefore, evaluating only the slope of a single grid point where the theoretical deployment coordinates are located is insufficient to fully reflect the topographic risks of the surrounding landing area.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese invention patent application CN103592676A discloses a shot point offset method based on topographic factors. This method calculates the slope based on the digital elevation model of the work area, obtains the slope value of the shot point location through bilinear interpolation, compares this slope value with a set slope limit, and selects a location that meets the slope limit within the longitudinal and lateral offset limits to achieve shot point adjustment under complex surface conditions. While the aforementioned prior art can utilize topographic slope to assist in adjusting seismic acquisition points, it is designed for onshore seismic exploration shot points, primarily evaluating the slope of the shot point location and finding a suitable location within a preset offset range. This technology does not address the potential landing position deviation that may occur during the sinking of the seabed seismograph, nor does it adjust the topographic evaluation range according to water depth changes; for seabed survey lines composed of multiple segments, it also fails to solve the problem of jointly allocating the deployment intervals of each segment under the constraint of the total number of instruments. Therefore, when this method is directly applied to the deployment of seabed seismographs, it is still difficult to simultaneously consider the topographic risks of the survey line array structure and the seabed landing area.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN111352160A discloses an automatic repositioning device and method for a seabed seismograph. This method deploys the seabed seismograph according to designed locations, performs artificial source excitation after the instrument touches the seabed, calculates the time difference using recorded data, establishes a time difference objective function, and obtains the actual position of the seabed seismograph through inversion, thereby correcting the deviation between the deployment location and the actual landing location. This prior art mainly solves the problem of correcting the actual position of the seabed seismograph after deployment, requiring inversion using source excitation information and seismic recording data after the instrument touches the seabed, which is a post-deployment repositioning process. It cannot pre-evaluate the landing risk around the theoretical deployment location based on seabed topography and water depth before deployment, nor can it pre-generate deployment locations with optimal topographic conditions while maintaining the geometry of the survey line. When the instrument has already touched the seabed in an area with a large slope or unstable topography, even if its actual position can be determined, it is difficult to eliminate data quality problems caused by tilting, slippage, or poor seabed coupling.

[0005] Therefore, existing seabed seismograph deployment technology still has the following shortcomings: First, it is difficult to achieve overall coordination of the number of deployment intervals across multiple sections under the condition of a fixed total number of seabed seismographs; second, the commonly used fixed range or single-point slope evaluation method fails to reflect the impact of water depth on the potential landing range of the instrument; third, there is a lack of coordination between point adjustment and survey line geometric constraints, and point movement may damage the original station spacing and array structure; fourth, for situations where there are no suitable points within the maximum allowable movement distance, there is a lack of corresponding risk degradation selection and risk identification mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a seabed seismograph deployment point design scheme that can take into account instrument quantity constraints, survey line geometry, water depth-related topographic risks, and abnormal point adjustments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive design method and system for the deployment points of seabed seismometers based on terrain slope, so as to improve the uniformity of the spacing of the deployment points, terrain adaptability and seabed reliability under the constraints of the total number of seabed seismometers and the geometric structure of the survey line.

[0007] Firstly, in order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] An adaptive design method for the deployment points of seafloor seismometers based on terrain slope includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Obtain the seabed topographic grid data of the target work area, the total number of seabed seismometers, the control points of the survey lines set in the survey line sequence, the critical slope and the maximum allowable movement distance, and connect adjacent control points of the survey lines to form a survey segment.

[0010] S2. Taking the minimum deviation of the actual layout spacing of each measurement segment from the target average spacing as the objective, determine the number of integer layout intervals for each measurement segment and generate theoretical layout points.

[0011] S3. Calculate the slope of the seabed topography grid, determine the corresponding topography evaluation radius based on the water depth of each theoretical layout point, calculate the regional average slope within the corresponding topography evaluation area, and determine the theoretical layout points whose regional average slope exceeds the critical slope as points to be adjusted.

[0012] S4. For the points to be adjusted, candidate deployment points are generated step by step along the direction of the measurement section where they are located, with a movement step size associated with the corresponding terrain evaluation radius. The regional average slope of the candidate deployment points is calculated from near to far according to the movement distance. The final deployment point is determined within the movement distance level where the regional average slope does not exceed the critical slope for the first time.

[0013] S5. If no candidate deployment point with an average regional slope not exceeding the critical slope appears within the maximum allowable movement distance, select the one with the smallest average regional slope from the theoretical deployment point and candidate deployment points as the final deployment point and generate a high-risk identifier. Output the location, water depth, average regional slope and risk level of each final deployment point.

[0014] As a further improvement, in step S1, the seabed topography grid data includes measured multibeam bathymetry data and / or publicly released regional seabed topography data; the seabed topography grid data is subjected to target area clipping, invalid value removal, abnormal elevation processing, and horizontal and vertical benchmark unification, and the processed seabed topography grid data is converted to a projected coordinate system with horizontal coordinate units of meters.

[0015] As a further improvement, in step S4, candidate deployment points with an average regional slope not exceeding the critical slope are determined as qualified candidate deployment points; when the movement distance level of the first qualified candidate deployment point contains only one qualified candidate deployment point, the qualified candidate deployment point is determined as the final deployment point; when the movement distance level contains two qualified candidate deployment points, the qualified candidate deployment point with the smaller average regional slope is determined as the final deployment point; the final deployment point determined by step S4 is marked as a low-risk point, and the final deployment point determined by step S5 is marked as a high-risk point.

[0016] As a further improvement, in step S2, the target average spacing is determined according to the following formula:

[0017] ;

[0018] In the formula, The target average spacing; The number of segments to be measured; For the first The length of each test segment; This represents the total number of submarine seismometers.

[0019] The number of integer intervals for each measurement section is determined according to the following formula:

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula, For the first The number of candidate deployment intervals for each measurement segment; For the first The number of integer deployment intervals determined for each measurement segment; It is a set of positive integers.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, the survey line control points are determined as theoretical layout points, and intermediate survey line control points shared by adjacent survey sections are counted as only one theoretical layout point; in the... Within each measurement segment, according to the length of that measurement segment Its integer deployment interval The ratios are used to generate the remaining theoretical layout points at equal intervals.

[0023] As a further improvement, in step S3, the slope of the seabed topography grid points is determined according to the following formula:

[0024] ;

[0025] In the formula, The slope of the seabed topographic grid points; This refers to the seabed elevation. and These are two horizontal coordinates in the projected coordinate system; and These represent the rates of change of seabed elevation along two horizontal directions; Pi;

[0026] Among them, the The terrain evaluation radius of each theoretical layout point is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, For the first The terrain evaluation radius of each theoretically designed point location; For the first The water depth at each theoretically designed location; This is the water depth conversion factor.

[0027] Preferred, with the first Centered on the theoretically determined points, and with the aforementioned terrain evaluation radius... A circular terrain evaluation zone is established with a radius of 1. The average slope of this terrain evaluation zone is determined by the following formula:

[0028] ;

[0029] In the formula, For the first The average slope of the area at each theoretically determined location; This represents the number of valid seabed topographic grid points within the corresponding topographic evaluation area. For the corresponding terrain evaluation area, the first The slope of each effective seabed topographic grid point.

[0030] As a further improvement, in step S4, the first The step size for moving each point to be adjusted is determined by the following formula: In the formula, For the first The step size of the movement of each point to be adjusted; For the first The terrain evaluation radius corresponding to each point to be adjusted; A step size scaling factor that is greater than 0 and not greater than 1;

[0031] No. Candidate deployment points for each movement distance level are determined according to the following formula: In the formula, and The first The points to be adjusted are in the first Position vectors of candidate deployment points generated along the positive and negative directions of the measurement segment at each movement distance level; For the first The position vectors of the points to be adjusted; For the first The point to be adjusted is located at the [number]th [location]. The unit direction vector of each measurement segment; This represents the movement distance level number, and it must be a positive integer. Do not exceed the maximum allowed movement distance.

[0032] As a further improvement, the step size scaling factor The value is 0.5; for points to be adjusted located inside the survey section, candidate points are generated along the positive and negative directions of the survey section; for points to be adjusted located at intermediate survey line control points, candidate points are generated along the direction of the previous survey section leading to the intermediate survey line control point and its opposite direction; for points to be adjusted located at the starting point or ending point of the survey line, candidate points are generated along the direction of the survey section connected to it toward the interior of the survey line.

[0033] Secondly, the present invention also provides an adaptive design system for the deployment points of submarine seismometers based on terrain slope. This system is used to implement the method, including:

[0034] The data processing module is used to acquire and process the seabed topographic grid data, the total number of seabed seismometers, the control points of the survey lines and the layout constraint parameters of the target work area, and connect adjacent control points of the survey lines to form a survey segment;

[0035] The theoretical point generation module is used to determine the integer number of deployment intervals for each measurement segment and generate theoretical deployment points under the constraint that the sum of the number of deployment intervals for each measurement segment is equal to the total number of seafloor seismometers minus one.

[0036] The topography evaluation module is used to calculate the slope of the seabed topography grid, determine the topography evaluation radius based on the water depth of the theoretical layout points, and calculate the average slope of the area corresponding to the theoretical layout points and candidate layout points.

[0037] The point adjustment module is used to generate candidate points along the measurement section for theoretically laid out points where the average slope of the area exceeds the critical slope, and to determine the final layout points based on the moving distance and the average slope of the area.

[0038] The results output module is used to output the location, water depth, average slope of the area, and risk level of the final deployment points.

[0039] As a further improvement, the theoretical point generation module includes:

[0040] The segment length calculation unit is used to calculate the length of each segment.

[0041] The interval number allocation unit is used to determine the integer number of intervals for each measurement segment, with the objective of minimizing the deviation of the actual interval between each measurement segment from the target average interval, under the condition that the sum of the number of intervals for each measurement segment is fixed.

[0042] The point interpolation unit is used to generate theoretical layout points at equal intervals within the corresponding survey section based on the integer layout interval number of each survey section, and to deduplicate the intermediate survey line control points shared by adjacent survey sections.

[0043] As a further improvement, the point adjustment module includes:

[0044] The candidate point generation unit is used to generate candidate placement points according to the movement distance hierarchy along the measurement section where the point to be adjusted is located, with a movement step size associated with the terrain evaluation radius.

[0045] The hierarchical selection unit is used to evaluate candidate deployment points from near to far according to the movement distance, and to determine the final deployment point within the movement distance level of the candidate deployment point where the average slope of the area does not exceed the critical slope for the first time.

[0046] The risk processing unit is used to select the location with the smallest regional average slope from the theoretical and candidate locations as the final location when there are no candidate locations with an average regional slope not exceeding the critical slope within the maximum allowable movement distance, and to generate a high-risk label.

[0047] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method described above.

[0048] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described thereon.

[0049] This invention achieves a match between the total number of theoretical deployment points and the total number of seabed seismometers by jointly allocating integer deployment intervals across multiple measurement segments, thereby reducing the deviation between the actual deployment intervals and the target average interval. It adaptively determines the terrain evaluation radius based on the water depth of each theoretical deployment point, replacing single-point slope evaluation with the regional average slope, ensuring the evaluation range reflects the terrain conditions of the potential landing area under different water depths. For points with a regional average slope exceeding the critical slope, a step-by-step search is performed along the measurement segment direction using a movement step size associated with the terrain evaluation radius, prioritizing deployment points with shorter movement distances and suitable terrain conditions while maintaining the geometry of the measurement line. When no suitable points exist within the maximum allowable movement distance, the point with the smallest regional average slope is selected and a high-risk marker is generated, providing risk warnings to deployment personnel. Therefore, this invention reduces the probability of seabed seismometers landing on steep slopes or locally undulating areas, reduces the risks of instrument tilting, slippage, and poor seabed coupling, and improves the feasibility of deployment schemes and the reliability of acquired seismic data. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for designing deployment points for the submarine seismograph of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of theoretical and final deployment points of the seabed seismograph in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 A comparison chart of regional slope compliance rate and bottoming stability rate for different embodiments and comparative examples;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of the water depth conversion coefficient on the bottoming stability rate, average movement distance, and station spacing variation coefficient.

[0054] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the minimum adjacent spacing, average adjacent spacing, maximum adjacent spacing, and station spacing coefficient of variation for Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art regarding data format, parameter range, calculation order, or module deployment form without departing from the technical concept of the present invention should all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] I. Terminology Explanation

[0057] 1. Submarine seismograph

[0058] A seabed seismograph (OBS) is an observation device that can be deployed to the seabed to collect seabed vibrations, seismic waves, or artificial seismic source response signals. In this embodiment, each seabed seismograph corresponds to a deployment point. After being deployed from the sea surface, the seabed seismograph sinks and reaches the seabed under the combined effects of gravity, ocean currents, and the device's own attitude.

[0059] 2. Seafloor topographic grid data

[0060] Seabed topographic grid data refers to data recording the seabed elevation or water depth corresponding to each horizontal position in the target work area according to a regular grid. The seabed topographic grid data can be derived from multibeam echo sounding systems, single-beam echo sounding systems, side-scan sonar measurement results, publicly available seabed topographic databases, or a combination of the above.

[0061] When the sea level elevation is set to 0 and the seabed elevation is negative, the water depth at the grid point can be represented as the absolute value of the seabed elevation. In this embodiment, a data representation method with positive water depth and negative elevation is uniformly adopted.

[0062] 3. Control points and survey sections of the survey line

[0063] Control points are nodes used to define the direction of a planned survey line. Connecting two adjacent control points in the order of the survey line's extension forms a survey segment. Multiple interconnected survey segments constitute the planned survey line.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, P0, P1, and P2 are three survey line control points. The first survey section is formed between P0 and P1, and the second survey section is formed between P1 and P2. P1 is an intermediate survey line control point shared by two adjacent survey sections.

[0065] 4. Theoretical Layout Points

[0066] Theoretical deployment points refer to the initial locations generated based on the total number of seafloor seismometers, the length of the measurement section, and the average spacing between targets, without considering the risks of local seafloor topography. Theoretical deployment points are used to maintain the overall geometry of the seafloor seismometer array and the spatial sampling uniformity along the measurement line.

[0067] 5. Terrain evaluation radius

[0068] The terrain evaluation radius is the spatial scale used when establishing a terrain evaluation area centered on the point to be evaluated. This invention does not use the same fixed evaluation radius for all points, but rather adaptively determines the terrain evaluation radius based on the water depth corresponding to the point, so that points with greater water depth and longer subsidence distance correspond to a larger terrain evaluation range.

[0069] 6. Average slope of the region

[0070] The regional average slope is the average slope of all effective seabed topographic grid points within the topographic assessment area. Compared to using only the slope of a single grid point at the center of the location, the regional average slope reflects the overall tilt of the seabed surrounding the actual landing position of the seabed seismometer, which may deviate from the theoretical deployment position.

[0071] 7. Critical slope

[0072] The critical slope is a slope threshold used to assess the risk of deploying submarine seismometers. When the average slope of the area corresponding to a point does not exceed the critical slope, the point is designated as a qualified point; when the average slope of the area exceeds the critical slope, the point is designated as a point to be adjusted.

[0073] In this embodiment, the critical slope is set to 8°. In other work areas, the critical slope can be set to 5° to 12° depending on the type of seafloor seismograph base, the height of the equipment's center of gravity, the type of seabed sediments, and the sea conditions, but the same critical slope is used in the evaluation of the same batch of points.

[0074] 8. Candidate deployment locations and movement distance levels

[0075] Candidate placement points are generated by moving the points to be adjusted along the positive and negative directions of the measurement segment containing those points, using the points to be adjusted as a reference.

[0076] The moving distance level refers to the discrete search distance formed according to a preset moving step size. The first moving distance level corresponds to one moving step size, the second moving distance level corresponds to two moving step sizes, and so on. By evaluating from near to far, the original geometry of the seafloor seismometer array can be preserved first.

[0077] 9. Low-risk and high-risk locations

[0078] Low-risk locations are theoretical or candidate locations where the average slope of the area does not exceed the critical slope.

[0079] High-risk locations are those with the smallest regional average slope selected from theoretical and candidate locations when no candidate locations with an average regional slope not exceeding the critical slope exist within the maximum permissible movement distance. High-risk markings are used to remind operators to conduct supplementary depth measurements, adjust equipment configurations, or perform on-site verification before deployment; they do not indicate that deployment is absolutely prohibited at that location.

[0080] II. System Overall Structure

[0081] The present invention also provides a system for designing deployment points for a submarine seismograph, the system comprising a data processing module, a theoretical point generation module, a terrain evaluation module, a point adjustment module, and a result output module.

[0082] The data processing module is used to acquire the target work area, seabed topographic grid data, total number of seabed seismometers, control points of survey lines, and layout constraint parameters, and to perform cropping, invalid value removal, coordinate unification, and abnormal elevation processing on the seabed topographic grid data.

[0083] The theoretical point generation module is used to connect adjacent control points of the survey line to form a survey segment, calculate the length of each survey segment, determine the integer number of deployment intervals for each survey segment under the condition that the total number of seabed seismometers is fixed, and generate theoretical deployment points.

[0084] The topography evaluation module is used to calculate the slope of the seabed topography grid points, determine the topography evaluation radius based on the water depth of each theoretical layout point, and calculate the regional average slope of the theoretical layout points and candidate layout points.

[0085] The point adjustment module is used to identify points to be adjusted where the average slope of the area exceeds the critical slope, generate candidate points along the measurement section, and evaluate the candidate points step by step from near to far according to the moving distance.

[0086] The results output module is used to output the final deployment point location, water depth, average slope of the area, moving distance relative to the theoretical deployment point, moving direction and risk level, and to generate a point table and deployment point map.

[0087] The aforementioned modules can be deployed on the same computer, or separately on a shipboard data processing terminal, a shore-based server, and a mobile operation terminal. The system can be implemented using Python, C++, Java, or a Geographic Information System (GIS) secondary development environment. Seabed topographic grid data can be stored using GeoTIFF, NetCDF, ASCIIGrid, or database raster fields; survey control points and layout points can be stored using Shapefile, GeoJSON, CSV, or spatial database records.

[0088] III. Specific Technical Route of the Method

[0089] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of the present invention is executed in the following order: setting parameters, processing seabed topographic data, allocating deployment intervals for each measurement segment, generating theoretical deployment points, implementing depth-adaptive topographic evaluation, adjusting stepwise along the measurement segment, and outputting the final deployment results. Specifically, it includes the following steps.

[0090] S1. Acquire data for the target work area and form a measurement segment.

[0091] First, set the target work area, the total number of seabed seismometers, the control points of the seismic lines arranged in the order of the seismic lines, the critical slope, the maximum allowable movement distance, the water depth conversion coefficient, and the step size ratio coefficient.

[0092] exist Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the relative eastward coordinate range of the target work area is -10km to 10km, and the relative northward coordinate range is -6km to 8km. Three control points, P0, P1, and P2, are set and connected in the order of P0, P1, and P2 to form the planned survey line. The total number of seafloor seismometers is set to 13, corresponding to OBS01 to OBS13.

[0093] The data processing module reads the seabed topographic grid data of the target work area and unifies different data sources into the same projected coordinate system. In this embodiment, the horizontal coordinates adopt local projected coordinates with the center of the work area as the origin, and the coordinate units are uniformly converted to meters; the seabed elevation adopts the same vertical datum, and the unit is meters.

[0094] The following preprocessing steps were performed on the seabed topographic grid data:

[0095] First, the original seabed topographic data is cropped according to the boundary of the target work area, and a buffer zone with a maximum allowable movement distance is reserved outside the boundary of the target work area to avoid the lack of topographic data for candidate deployment points near the edge of the work area.

[0096] Second, identify invalid values, null values, and outliers that exceed the reasonable water depth range. For areas with missing data consisting of a small number of missing grids and valid data in their surroundings, fill the missing data area by interpolation with neighboring valid grids; for areas with continuous missing data that are larger than the terrain evaluation area, mark them as unevaluable areas and do not generate final deployment points in these areas.

[0097] Third, the multi-source bathymetry data is resampled to a unified grid. In this embodiment, the unified grid resolution is set to 10m. This grid resolution is smaller than the subsequent terrain evaluation radius, ensuring that each terrain evaluation area has multiple effective grid points.

[0098] Fourth, isolated peaks or pits clearly caused by measurement noise are processed. Specifically, a single grid point can be compared with the median elevation of its eight neighboring grid points. When the elevation difference is greater than 50m and the elevation changes of the eight neighboring grid points are continuous, the isolated outlier is replaced with the median elevation of the eight neighboring grid points. This step is only used to remove measurement anomalies and does not smooth out actual seabed ridges, slopes, or pits.

[0099] After data processing is complete, connect adjacent control points according to the input order of the survey line control points. For the first... The length of each measurement segment is determined according to the following formula:

[0100] ;

[0101] In the formula, For the first The length of each test segment; and The first The horizontal coordinates of each survey line control point; and These are the horizontal coordinates of the control point of the next adjacent survey line.

[0102] Figure 2 In the diagram, P0 to P1 form the first survey section, and P1 to P2 form the second survey section. The solid black line represents the planned survey line consisting of the two survey sections. The control points of the survey line are represented by hollow squares to distinguish them from the subsequent theoretical and final layout points.

[0103] S2. Jointly allocate the integer layout intervals for each measurement segment and generate the theoretical layout points.

[0104] This step aims to make the actual spacing of seabed seismometer segments of different lengths as close as possible to the uniform target average spacing, given a fixed total number of seabed seismometers. This step incorporates the constraints on the number of seabed seismometers, the lengths of multiple segments, and the spatial uniformity of the array into the same integer optimization process, avoiding the problem of exceeding or falling short of the instrument count caused by independently rounding down each segment.

[0105] First, calculate the total length of the planned survey line, and then determine the average target spacing based on the total number of seabed seismometers:

[0106] ;

[0107] In the formula, The target average spacing; The number of segments to be measured; For the first The length of each test segment; This represents the total number of submarine seismometers. This represents the total number of deployment intervals between all adjacent seafloor seismometers.

[0108] Since adjacent sections share the same intermediate control point, the sum of the number of seismograph intervals for all sections should equal the total number of seafloor seismographs minus one. The integer number of seismograph intervals for each section is determined according to the following formula:

[0109] ;

[0110] In the formula, For the first The number of candidate deployment intervals for each measurement segment; For the first The final integer number of deployment intervals for each measurement segment; It is a set of positive integers; For the first The length of each test segment; The target average spacing; The number of segments to be measured; This represents the total number of submarine seismometers.

[0111] In practice, the initial interval number of each survey segment is first calculated according to the proportion of the length of each survey segment to the total length of the planned survey line:

[0112] ;

[0113] In the formula, For the first The number of non-integer initial intervals for each test segment; For the first The length of each test segment; For the first The length of each test segment; The number of segments to be measured; This represents the total number of submarine seismometers.

[0114] After rounding down the initial non-integer interval counts, calculate the number of unallocated intervals. Then, allocate one remaining interval to each measurement segment to determine the reduction in the objective function. Continue allocating the remaining intervals sequentially to the measurement segments that maximize the reduction in the objective function until the sum of the interval counts for all measurement segments equals [the remaining interval count]. When the number of test segments is small, it is also possible to traverse all positive integer allocation combinations that satisfy the total number of intervals constraint and select the combination with the smallest objective function.

[0115] exist Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the total number of seabed seismometers is 13, and the total number of deployment intervals is 12. The first section from P0 to P1 is allocated 5 deployment intervals, and the second section from P1 to P2 is allocated 7 deployment intervals. P0 corresponds to OBS01, P1 corresponds to OBS06, and P2 corresponds to OBS13. Thus, the first section generates OBS01 to OBS06, and the second section generates OBS06 to OBS13; OBS06, serving as an intermediate control point, is counted as only one seabed seismometer deployment point.

[0116] For the The theoretically planned locations in each measurement section are linearly interpolated according to the following formula:

[0117] ;

[0118] In the formula, For the first Within the first test segment The theoretical layout points corresponding to each interpolation position; For the first Position vectors of each survey line control point; This is the position vector of the next control point on the survey line; For the first The number of integer deployment intervals for each measurement segment; From 0 to Integers.

[0119] when At that time, the theoretically set points coincide with the starting point of the current measurement section; when At this time, the theoretical deployment points coincide with the end point of the current measurement segment. Coordinate deduplication is performed on the theoretical deployment points shared by adjacent measurement segments to ensure that the total number of generated theoretical deployment points is equal to the total number of seafloor seismometers.

[0120] like Figure 2 As shown in the hollow circle, the theoretical deployment points are distributed along the planned survey line. This theoretical deployment result first ensures that the number of seafloor seismometers is fixed, control points are retained, and the actual spacing of each survey segment is close to the target average spacing, providing an array geometric reference for subsequent terrain risk adjustments.

[0121] S3. Determine the topographic evaluation radius based on the water depth at the location and calculate the average slope of the area.

[0122] This step is a key technical aspect that distinguishes this invention from methods that use a fixed search range or a single-point slope for site selection.

[0123] Submarine seismometers are typically deployed from the surface and allowed to sink freely to the seabed. The greater the water depth, the longer the seismometer typically takes to sink, and the more pronounced the cumulative effects of ocean currents, equipment attitude deviations, and deployment location errors become. Therefore, the deployment coordinates do not necessarily equal the actual landing coordinates. If only the slope of a single grid point at the theoretical deployment center is calculated, even if the central grid is flat, it does not mean that the surrounding seabed within the deployment error range is suitable for landing.

[0124] This invention determines the topographic evaluation radius based on the water depth at the location, so that the evaluation range is adapted to the possible planar bottom offset range of the seabed seismometer, and calculates the regional average slope within the evaluation area.

[0125] 1. Calculation of seabed topography slope

[0126] The rate of change of elevation along two horizontal directions is calculated for the preprocessed seabed topography grid data. The slope of the seabed topography grid points is determined by the following formula:

[0127] ;

[0128] In the formula, The slope of the seabed topographic grid points, in degrees; This refers to the seabed elevation. and These are two horizontal coordinates in the projected coordinate system; This represents the rate of change of seabed elevation along the first horizontal direction; This represents the rate of change of seabed elevation along the second horizontal direction; Pi is the mathematical constant of a circle.

[0129] For regular grids, the elevation change rate of internal grid points can be calculated using central difference, while the elevation change rate of boundary grid points can be calculated using forward or backward difference. Taking a grid resolution of 10m as an example, the elevation change rate of a grid point along the east direction is obtained by dividing the elevation difference between its eastern and western grid points by 20m; the elevation change rate along the north direction is calculated in the same way.

[0130] When calculating the slope based on seabed elevation, the slope calculation result is not changed even if the elevation is negative. Slope reflects the inclination of the seabed surface, without distinguishing whether the seabed rises or falls in a certain direction.

[0131] 2. Theoretical Layout Point Water Depth Acquisition

[0132] For the For each theoretically determined point, the seabed topography grid is queried based on its horizontal coordinates. When the theoretically determined point coincides with the center of the grid, the water depth of that grid point is directly read; when the theoretically determined point is located between four grid points, bilinear interpolation is used to obtain the seabed elevation of that theoretically determined point.

[0133] Water depth is determined by the following formula: In the formula, For the first The water depth at each theoretically designed location; The seabed elevation is used to determine the locations of the points for this theory. When the seabed elevation is expressed as a negative value below sea level... It is a positive value.

[0134] like Figure 2 As shown, the background color and the color scale on the right indicate the seabed elevation of the target work area. The seabed elevation of the area shown is approximately -2900m to -3600m. Different theoretically determined points correspond to different water depths; therefore, a uniform and fixed topographic evaluation radius is not used.

[0135] 3. Water depth adaptive terrain evaluation radius

[0136] No. The terrain evaluation radius of each theoretical layout point is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, For the first The terrain evaluation radius of each theoretically designed point location; The water depth at which the points were determined according to this theory; This is the water depth conversion factor.

[0137] The water depth conversion factor is used to convert vertical water depth into a horizontal topographic assessment scale. The water depth conversion factor can be calibrated based on ocean current velocity, seabed seismograph descent velocity, deployment control accuracy, and historical bottom migration data.

[0138] In this embodiment, the water depth conversion factor Take 0.01. For example, when the water depth at the point is 3000m, the topographic evaluation radius is 30m; when the water depth at the point is 3500m, the topographic evaluation radius is 35m. For conventional free-diving seabed seismometers, the water depth conversion factor can be set to 0.005 to 0.02; for seabed seismometers with sinking attitude control or acoustic guidance devices, a smaller water depth conversion factor can be used.

[0139] To avoid having too few effective grid points within the terrain evaluation area corresponding to shallow water points, a minimum evaluation radius of 20m can be set; to avoid excessively averaging of local terrain differences due to an excessively large evaluation range for extremely deep water points, a maximum evaluation radius of 100m can be set. In this case, the terrain evaluation radius is adjusted according to the following formula:

[0140] ;

[0141] In the formula, This is the terrain evaluation radius after upper and lower limit corrections; To minimize the evaluation radius, a radius of 20m is chosen in this embodiment; To determine the maximum evaluation radius, we take 100m in this embodiment; The water depth conversion factor is 0.01 in this embodiment; For the first The water depth at each theoretically designed location.

[0142] When no upper or lower limit is set for the evaluation radius, it is directly adopted. Determine the terrain evaluation radius.

[0143] 4. Establishment of Topographic Evaluation Area

[0144] With the first A circular topographic evaluation area is established with the theoretically determined points as the center and their topographic evaluation radius as the radius. The slope values ​​of all valid seabed topographic grid points within the circular topographic evaluation area are then read.

[0145] To determine whether a grid point is within the evaluation area, the planar distance between the center of the grid point and the theoretically positioned points can be calculated. If this planar distance is not greater than the terrain evaluation radius, the grid point is included in the evaluation area.

[0146] If the number of valid grid points within the terrain evaluation area is less than a preset number, the point is marked as a point with insufficient terrain data. In this embodiment, the lower limit for the number of valid grid points is set to 9. When the number of valid grid points is less than 9, grids are supplemented first from higher-precision bathymetry data; if data cannot be supplemented, the point is not directly marked as a low-risk point, but a data verification identifier is output.

[0147] 5. Calculation of regional average slope

[0148] No. The average slope of the area corresponding to each theoretically determined point location is determined by the following formula:

[0149] ;

[0150] In the formula, For the first The average slope of the area at each theoretically determined location; This represents the number of valid seabed topography grid points within the corresponding topographic evaluation area; For the first Within the terrain evaluation area corresponding to the theoretical layout point, the first The slope of each effective grid point.

[0151] The regional average slope reflects the overall tilt of the seabed within the evaluation area. Compared to calculating only the slope at the center point, this indicator can reduce the impact of measurement noise from individual grids or minor topographical changes on the location determination results, while also taking into account the uncertainty of the actual landing position of the seafloor seismometer.

[0152] In practical implementation, the maximum slope, slope standard deviation, and effective grid coverage within the terrain evaluation area can also be calculated simultaneously as auxiliary information in the output results. However, whether a point is a qualified location is still determined by comparing the regional average slope and the critical slope as defined in the claims, to avoid ambiguity in the point selection rules due to the introduction of multiple conflicting judgment indicators.

[0153] 6. Identification of points to be adjusted

[0154] The average slope of the region for each theoretical deployment point is compared with the critical slope. When the average slope of the region does not exceed 8°, the theoretical deployment point is selected as the final deployment point and marked as a low-risk point. When the average slope of the region exceeds 8°, the theoretical deployment point is determined as a point to be adjusted and enters the candidate deployment point search process in S4.

[0155] like Figure 1As shown, "whether the average slope does not exceed the critical slope" constitutes the first branch of the point processing. Theoretical layout points that meet the conditions do not move, thus maintaining the array geometry formed by S2 to the maximum extent; only theoretical layout points that exceed the critical slope are adjusted along the measurement section.

[0156] Figure 2 In the medium- and low-risk scenarios, the final deployment points are represented by green triangles. When the theoretical deployment points do not need to be moved, the green triangles coincide with the hollow circles representing the theoretical deployment points; when the theoretical deployment points need to be adjusted, the green triangles shift relative to the hollow circles along the corresponding measurement section direction. Therefore, Figure 2 It simultaneously expresses the theoretical layout results and the terrain risk adjustment results.

[0157] S4. Generate and evaluate candidate deployment points step by step along the forward and reverse directions of the measurement segment.

[0158] This step is used to adjust theoretically located points with an average regional slope exceeding the critical slope to a gentler seabed area without disrupting the overall orientation of the seabed seismometer array.

[0159] Unlike searching in any direction within a two-dimensional plane, this invention limits candidate placement points to the positive and negative directions of the section where the point to be adjusted is located. This limitation ensures that the adjusted points remain near the planned survey line, reducing the impact of lateral point offset on seismic observation coverage, common center point distribution, and subsequent data processing.

[0160] 1. Determining the direction of the measurement section

[0161] For points to be adjusted located within the measurement section, the unit direction vector is determined based on the start and end points of the measurement section:

[0162] ;

[0163] In the formula, For the first The unit direction vector of each measurement segment; For the first The position vector of the starting point of each measurement segment; For the first The position vector of the endpoint of each measurement segment; For the first The length of each test segment.

[0164] The direction from the starting point of the measurement segment to the ending point of the measurement segment is defined as the positive direction, and the opposite direction is defined as the negative direction.

[0165] For points to be adjusted located at the start or end of the survey line, candidate points are generated only along the connected survey segments toward the interior of the survey line to prevent candidate points from moving outside the planned survey line area.

[0166] For points to be adjusted located at intermediate control points on a survey line, to avoid significant geometric changes in adjacent survey sections due to control point adjustments, priority can be given to searching along the direction of the preceding survey section leading to the control point and its opposite direction. When the user sets the control point as an immovable control point, no position adjustment will be performed on the control point; instead, a high-risk or verification flag will be output. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, P0, P1, and P2 are control points that must be retained for the survey line, and their positions do not change due to slope evaluation.

[0167] 2. Determining the step size

[0168] The movement step size is related to the terrain evaluation radius of the point to be adjusted, and is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, For the first The step size of the movement of each point to be adjusted; The terrain evaluation radius corresponding to the point to be adjusted; This is the step size scaling factor.

[0169] In this embodiment, the step size ratio coefficient Take 0.5. When the terrain evaluation radius is 30m, the movement step is 15m; when the terrain evaluation radius is 36m, the movement step is 18m.

[0170] The step size ratio can be set from 0.25 to 1.0. If the step size ratio is too small, the number of candidate points increases, resulting in a large computational load; if the step size ratio is too large, it may miss narrow suitable seabed areas. This embodiment uses 0.5, which allows for some overlap in the topographic evaluation areas of adjacent candidate points, enabling continuous evaluation of topographic changes along the measurement segment direction.

[0171] 3. Generate candidate deployment points according to the movement distance level.

[0172] No. Candidate deployment points for each movement distance level are determined according to the following formula:

[0173] ;

[0174] In the formula, For the first The points to be adjusted are in the first Candidate deployment points are generated along the positive direction of the measurement segment at each movement distance level; For the first The points to be adjusted are in the first Candidate deployment points are generated along the opposite direction of the measurement segment at each movement distance level; For the first The position vectors of the points to be adjusted; A positive integer starting from 1; This represents the step size for moving the point to be adjusted. This is the unit direction vector of the measurement segment where the point to be adjusted is located.

[0175] In this embodiment, the maximum allowable movement distance is set to 600m. The maximum movement distance level is determined according to the following formula:

[0176] ;

[0177] In the formula, For the first The maximum movement distance level of each point to be adjusted; In this embodiment, the maximum allowable movement distance is set to 600m. For the first The step size of the movement of each point to be adjusted; This indicates rounding down to the nearest integer.

[0178] For example, when the movement step size is 15m, a maximum of 40 movement distance levels can be formed. Each level should include one candidate point in the forward direction and one candidate point in the reverse direction.

[0179] like Figure 1 As shown, for theoretically designated points where the regional average slope exceeds the critical slope, the points are gradually moved along both sides of the survey line to generate candidate designated points and calculate the regional average slope.

[0180] 4. Validity check of candidate deployment sites

[0181] For each candidate deployment point generated, the system first checks whether the candidate deployment point is within the effective coverage area of ​​the seabed topographic grid data, whether it is within the target work area or the preset work area buffer area, and whether the distance between it and the adjacent final deployment point is positive.

[0182] When a candidate deployment point is located in an area without valid shape data, the candidate deployment point is determined as an invalid candidate point and is not included in the comparison of qualified points.

[0183] To avoid reversing the order of the seabed seismometers after adjustment, candidate deployment points must not cross adjacent theoretical deployment points. In practice, the cumulative mileage of the candidate deployment point on the planned survey line is compared with the cumulative mileage of the previous and next deployment points, and the cumulative mileage of the candidate deployment point should be between the cumulative mileages of adjacent points.

[0184] 5. Slope evaluation of candidate deployment points

[0185] For valid candidate deployment points, their seabed elevation and water depth are read. To ensure the comparability of slope evaluation between theoretical and candidate deployment points, a circular evaluation area is established for each candidate deployment point using the topographic evaluation radius corresponding to the point to be adjusted, and the average slope of the area is calculated using the same method as in S3.

[0186] In other words, for the first All candidate deployment points generated from the points to be adjusted are adopted using the first... The terrain evaluation radius corresponding to each point to be adjusted This avoids changes in evaluation scale due to small variations in local water depth between candidate points, and ensures that the regional average slope of candidate points can be compared on the same spatial scale.

[0187] The average slope of the area for candidate deployment points is determined by the following formula:

[0188] ;

[0189] In the formula, For the first The points to be adjusted are in the first The average regional slope of candidate deployment points generated along the positive or negative direction at each movement distance level; This represents the number of valid grid points within the corresponding terrain evaluation area; The first in this terrain evaluation area The slope of each effective grid point.

[0190] When the average slope of the area of ​​a candidate deployment point does not exceed 8°, it is determined as a qualified candidate deployment point.

[0191] 6. Selection of the first qualified distance level

[0192] Candidate deployment points are evaluated progressively from nearest to farthest in terms of travel distance. The system first evaluates candidate deployment points in both the forward and reverse directions at the first travel distance level; only when there are no qualified candidate deployment points at that level will the system evaluate the second travel distance level.

[0193] Once a qualified candidate deployment point appears for the first time at a certain travel distance level, the generation of candidate deployment points for further travel distance levels is stopped, and the final deployment point is determined within that first qualified travel distance level.

[0194] The reason for adopting this method is that even with a smaller regional average slope, more distant locations will result in greater changes in station spacing. This invention first determines the nearest acceptable movement distance level, and then compares the slope within that level, which can minimize the station movement distance while meeting seabed stability requirements.

[0195] When there is only one qualified candidate deployment point at the first qualified distance level, that candidate deployment point is determined as the final deployment point.

[0196] When both the forward and reverse candidate placement points at the initial qualified distance level are qualified, the one with the smaller regional average slope is selected as the final placement point. When the regional average slopes of the two are equal, the one with the smaller deviation in distance from adjacent placement points can be selected; when the distance deviations are still equal, the forward candidate placement point is selected according to the preset direction priority order to ensure that the calculation results are repeatable.

[0197] The final deployment points determined through the above method are marked as low-risk points, and their direction of movement and distance of movement relative to the theoretical deployment points are recorded.

[0198] S5. When there are no qualified candidate sites, perform risk degradation selection and output the results.

[0199] When the search distance reaches the maximum allowable movement distance and no candidate deployment point with an average slope not exceeding the critical slope is found, the point with the smallest average slope in the area is selected as the final deployment point from the point to be adjusted itself and all valid candidate deployment points within the maximum allowable movement distance.

[0200] The final deployment point is not marked as low-risk, but rather a high-risk marker is generated. A high-risk marker includes at least the point number, final deployment coordinates, average slope of the area, theoretical deployment coordinates, direction of movement, distance of movement, and reason for the risk.

[0201] The selection of high-risk locations does not equate locations that "do not meet the critical slope" with those that do not, but rather provides a degraded result with a relatively small slope when qualified candidate locations are lacking, thus avoiding system exit due to lack of results. Based on the high-risk markers, operators can take measures such as increasing the maximum permissible movement distance, supplementing with high-resolution bathymetry, changing the control points of the survey line, reducing the number of local instruments, or using seabed seismometers with stronger seabed adaptability.

[0202] like Figure 1 As shown, when there are candidate deployment points that meet the conditions within the maximum allowable movement range, the qualified candidate deployment point that is closest to the theoretical deployment point is selected and marked as low risk; when there are no candidate deployment points that meet the conditions, the candidate deployment point with the smallest regional average slope is selected and marked as high risk.

[0203] After evaluating a theoretical deployment point, determine whether all points have been calculated. If not, read the water depth of the next theoretical deployment point and continue with topographic evaluation and candidate search; if all points have been calculated, plot and save the seafloor seismograph deployment point information.

[0204] The results output module numbers the final deployment points according to the survey line direction and outputs at least the following fields: point number; east and north coordinates of the theoretical deployment point; east and north coordinates of the final deployment point; water depth of the theoretical deployment point; water depth of the final deployment point; terrain evaluation radius; average slope of the region; direction of movement; distance of movement; and risk level.

[0205] Simultaneously generate such as Figure 2 The layout point diagram is shown. Figure 2 In this diagram, the background color represents the seabed elevation, the solid black line represents the planned survey line, the hollow squares represent the control points of the survey line, the hollow circles represent the theoretical deployment points, and the green triangles represent the low-risk final deployment points. This diagram allows for simultaneous assessment of the relationship between the deployment points and the planned survey line, the deviation between the theoretical and final deployment points, and the seabed topographic features of the area where the final deployment points are located.

[0206] IV. Specific Implementation Examples and Comparative Examples

[0207] (I) Experimental Objective

[0208] This experiment is used to verify the following technical effects:

[0209] 1. Can the joint allocation of integer intervals for multiple measurement segments maintain uniform station spacing across each segment while keeping the total number of submarine seismographs fixed?

[0210] 2. Determining the topographic evaluation radius based on water depth, compared to single-point slope evaluation and fixed radius evaluation, can improve the stability of the actual landing position?

[0211] 3. Can candidate placement points be generated step by step along the forward and reverse directions of the survey section while meeting the slope requirements, and maintaining the geometric structure of the planned survey line?

[0212] 4. When there are no qualified locations within the maximum allowable movement distance, can output a high-risk label to avoid misjudging locations that do not meet the slope requirements as low-risk locations?

[0213] (II) Laboratory Offline Computing Experiment Platform

[0214] The deployment point generation and landing verification were completed using an offline laboratory computing server. The server was configured with an 8-core processor, 32GB of RAM, and a 1TB solid-state drive, running a 64-bit operating system. The deployment point design algorithm was implemented using Python, the seabed topographic mesh data was stored in GeoTIFF format, and the deployment point coordinates and processing results were stored in CSV format.

[0215] The experiment adopted and Figure 2A consistent target work area. The target work area has a relative eastward coordinate range of -10km to 10km, a relative northward coordinate range of -6km to 8km, and a seabed elevation range of approximately -2900m to -3600m. The seabed topographic grid resolution is 10m.

[0216] Before formally importing the algorithm, the following processing was performed on the seabed topographic grid: unifying the horizontal coordinate system and elevation datum; eliminating invalid elevation values; identifying isolated abnormal elevations using the eight-neighbor median method; performing bilinear interpolation on local missing measurement areas with fewer than 5 continuous grids; and preserving the true structure of seabed ridges, trenches, and steep slopes.

[0217] Input three control points P0, P1, and P2. Connect P0 and P1 to form the first section, and connect P1 and P2 to form the second section. Set up a total of 13 seabed seismometers, numbered OBS01 to OBS13.

[0218] The critical slope is set to 8°, the maximum allowable movement distance is set to 600m, the minimum terrain evaluation radius is set to 20m, and the maximum terrain evaluation radius is set to 100m.

[0219] (III) Evaluation Indicators

[0220] 1. Regional slope compliance rate

[0221] The regional slope compliance rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0222] ;

[0223] In the formula, The regional slope compliance rate; The final number of deployment points is set up when the average slope of the area does not exceed 8°. This represents the total number of seabed seismometers; in this experiment, it was 13.

[0224] 2. Average distance traveled

[0225] The average distance traveled is calculated using the following formula:

[0226] ;

[0227] In the formula, This represents the average moving distance of all final deployment points. This represents the total number of submarine seismometers. For the first The distance moved by each final deployment point relative to its theoretical deployment point; the corresponding distance of each point that did not move. It is 0.

[0228] 3. Coefficient of variation of station spacing

[0229] The station spacing variation coefficient is used to evaluate the spatial uniformity of the adjusted array and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0230] ;

[0231] In the formula, The station spacing variation coefficient; This represents the total number of submarine seismometers. For the first The final deployment point and the first The distance between the final deployment points along the planned survey line; This represents the average distance between all adjacent final deployment points. The smaller the coefficient of variation of the station spacing, the more uniform the deployment points are.

[0232] 4. Average lateral deviation distance

[0233] The average lateral deviation distance is used to evaluate the degree to which the final layout points deviate from the planned survey line, and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0234] ;

[0235] In the formula, This represents the average lateral deviation distance. This represents the total number of submarine seismometers. For the first The shortest planar distance from the final deployment point to the planned survey line. This invention limits the candidate deployment points to the corresponding survey section direction, theoretically with an average lateral deviation of 0; considering coordinate rounding and floating-point calculation errors, the actual output value is less than 0.1m.

[0236] 5. Bottom-landing stability

[0237] To account for the horizontal offset of the seabed seismograph caused by ocean currents and deployment errors after it is deployed from the sea surface, 100 Monte Carlo deployments were performed at each final deployment point, for a total of 1300 deployments.

[0238] No. The eastward and northward landing offsets of each point are generated according to a zero-mean normal distribution, and their standard deviations are determined by the following formula:

[0239] ;

[0240] In the formula, For the first Standard deviation of the bottom offset in a single horizontal direction at each point; For the first The water depth at each final deployment point; The bottom offset coefficient is 0.004 in this experiment.

[0241] When the water depth is 3000m, the standard deviation of the landing offset in a single horizontal direction is 12m; when the water depth is 3500m, the standard deviation of the landing offset in a single horizontal direction is 14m. This parameter ensures that approximately 95% of the two-dimensional landing positions are within a radius of approximately 1% of the water depth, corresponding to the water depth conversion factor of 0.01 in the embodiment.

[0242] A landing position is considered stable if it meets the following conditions:

[0243] The slope of the grid where the landing point is located should not exceed 10°;

[0244] The average slope within a 20m radius of the landing point shall not exceed 8°.

[0245] The landing site is located within the area covered by effective seabed topographic data.

[0246] The landing stability rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0247] ;

[0248] In the formula, To achieve bottom stability; The number of deployments required to meet stable landing conditions; The total number of deployments is 1300 in this experiment.

[0249] (iv) Example 1

[0250] Example 1 uses the method described in this invention, with the following parameter settings: water depth conversion coefficient. It is 0.01; step size ratio coefficient The threshold is 0.5; the critical slope is 8°; the maximum allowable movement distance is 600m; the small terrain evaluation radius is 20m; the maximum terrain evaluation radius is 100m; and the seabed terrain grid resolution is 10m.

[0251] Based on the length of the two sections and the number of 13 seabed seismometers, 5 deployment intervals were allocated to the first section and 7 deployment intervals were allocated to the second section, generating a total of 13 theoretical deployment points from OBS01 to OBS13.

[0252] For each theoretically determined location, the terrain evaluation radius is determined based on its water depth. Since the water depth at each location is approximately 2880m to 3580m, the corresponding terrain evaluation radius is approximately 28.8m to 35.8m, and the moving step is approximately 14.4m to 17.9m.

[0253] The regional average slope of the theoretically deployed points was evaluated. OBS03, OBS04, OBS07, OBS08, and OBS12 had regional average slopes exceeding 8° and were identified as points to be adjusted; the regional average slopes of the remaining theoretically deployed points did not exceed 8° and their theoretical deployment positions remained unchanged.

[0254] For the five points to be adjusted, candidate points were generated step by step along the forward and reverse directions of the section. Within the first moving distance level where a qualified candidate point appeared, the point with the smaller average slope of the area was selected as the final point. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0255] Table 1. Design results for each location in Example 1

[0256]

[0257] As shown in Table 1, the average slope of the 13 final deployment points does not exceed 8°, and the slope compliance rate is 100%. The average moving distance of all points is 17.7m; for the 5 points to be adjusted, the average moving distance is 46.0m.

[0258] like Figure 2 As shown, the adjusted final deployment points are still arranged along the planned survey line P0-P1-P2. Green triangles represent low-risk final deployment points; when the final deployment points coincide with the theoretical deployment points, it means that the theoretical deployment points do not need to be adjusted; when there is a difference in position between the two, it means that the corresponding points have undergone candidate search along the survey section direction.

[0259] Of the 1,300 deployments, 1,236 met the stable landing conditions, resulting in a landing stability rate of 95.1%.

[0260] (V) Example 2

[0261] The control points, seabed topographic data, number of seabed seismometers, critical slope, and maximum allowable movement distance in Example 2 are the same as in Example 1. The difference lies in the water depth conversion factor. Set to 0.008; Step size scaling factor Take 0.5.

[0262] The terrain evaluation radius for each point is approximately 23.0m to 28.6m, and the moving step length is approximately 11.5m to 14.3m.

[0263] In Example 2, OBS03, OBS04, OBS07, OBS08, and OBS12 were identified as locations to be adjusted. Of the 13 final deployment locations, 12 had an average regional slope of no more than 8°. Although OBS08 could be a candidate location with an average regional slope of 7.9° within the maximum allowable movement distance, its surrounding slope varied greatly, resulting in many unstable landing situations during deployment.

[0264] In Example 2, the regional slope compliance rate was 100%, the average moving distance of all points was 14.8m, the coefficient of variation between stations was 4.4%, and the bottom stability rate was 93.5%. These results indicate that a smaller water depth conversion coefficient can reduce the moving distance, but the coverage of seabed topographic changes around the points decreases as the evaluation range is reduced.

[0265] (vi) Example 3

[0266] The other test conditions in Example 3 were the same as in Example 1, except for the water depth conversion coefficient. Set to 0.015; Step size scaling factor The value is set to 0.5. The terrain evaluation radius for each point is approximately 43.2m to 53.7m, and the moving step length is approximately 21.6m to 26.9m.

[0267] Due to the expanded evaluation area, steep slopes surrounding some theoretical deployment points were included in the topographic evaluation region. OBS03, OBS04, OBS07, OBS08, OBS09, and OBS12 were identified as points to be adjusted. After candidate searching, the average slope of the 13 final deployment points did not exceed 8°.

[0268] In Example 3, the regional slope compliance rate was 100%, the average movement distance of all points was 26.8m, the coefficient of variation between stations was 5.3%, and the bottom stability rate was 96.0%. These results indicate that increasing the water depth conversion coefficient is beneficial for improving the bottom stability rate, but it will cause more theoretically planned points to enter the adjustment process, and increase the variation in average movement distance and station spacing.

[0269] (vii) Comparison with Example 1: No terrain risk adjustment will be made.

[0270] Comparative Example 1 generates OBS01 to OBS13 using the same multi-segment integer interval allocation method as Example 1, but does not calculate the regional average slope or adjust the theoretical layout points, and directly uses all theoretical layout points as the final layout points.

[0271] Since the average slope of areas OBS03, OBS04, OBS07, OBS08 and OBS12 exceeds 8°, only 8 points meet the area slope requirements, and the area slope compliance rate is 61.5%.

[0272] The coefficient of variation for the station spacing in Comparative Example 1 was 3.8%, and the average moving distance was 0. However, out of 1,300 deployments, only 1,024 met the stable landing conditions, resulting in a landing stability rate of 78.8%.

[0273] The results show that simply generating points according to the principle of uniform station spacing can produce a relatively regular array, but it cannot avoid local steep slopes and complex terrain areas.

[0274] (viii) Comparative Example 2: Single-point slope evaluation using a central grid

[0275] Comparative Example 2 uses the slope of the central grid where the theoretically deployed points are located as the evaluation value of the points. When the slope of the central grid exceeds 8°, candidate points with a central grid slope not exceeding 8° are searched along the measurement section direction with a fixed step length of 20m.

[0276] Comparative Example 2 did not establish a terrain evaluation area, nor did it calculate the regional average slope. The slope of the central grid of its final points did not exceed 8°. However, when it was re-checked according to the water depth adaptive terrain evaluation method of Example 1, only 11 final points had a regional average slope that did not exceed 8°, and the regional slope qualification rate was 84.6%.

[0277] The average moving distance of all points in Comparative Example 2 was 13.8m, the coefficient of variation of the station spacing was 4.3%, and the landing stability rate was 86.8%.

[0278] This result indicates that a satisfactory slope in the central grid does not necessarily mean that the seabed around the location is generally flat. When the actual landing position of the seafloor seismometer deviates from the central grid, it may still fall into an area with a steeper slope.

[0279] (ix) Comparative Example 3: Evaluation using a fixed radius area

[0280] Comparative Example 3 uses a fixed terrain evaluation radius of 30m to calculate the average slope of the area for all theoretical and candidate layout points. Candidate layout points are generated step-by-step along the measurement section with a fixed step size of 15m, and other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0281] In Comparative Example 3, the average slope of the 13 final deployment points did not exceed 8°, and the slope compliance rate was 100%. The average moving distance of all points was 20.0m, the coefficient of variation between stations was 4.7%, and the bottoming stability rate was 92.7%.

[0282] Further analysis revealed that for OBS12 and OBS13 in shallower waters, a 30m evaluation radius was sufficient to cover the main landing error areas. However, for OBS03 and OBS04 in deeper waters, the 30m evaluation radius was smaller than the evaluation radius determined based on the water depth, failing to completely cover the main distribution areas of the landing positions. Therefore, their landing stability was lower than that of Example 1.

[0283] (x) Comparative Example 4: Searching for candidate points in a two-dimensional plane

[0284] Comparative Example 4 uses the same water depth adaptive terrain evaluation radius and regional average slope evaluation method as Example 1, but the candidate layout points are not limited to the measurement section direction, but are generated at equal angles within a 360° range around the theoretical layout points.

[0285] Comparative Example 4 generates 12 candidate deployment points at 30° directional intervals for each movement distance level, and selects the candidate points that are closest to the theoretical deployment points and whose average regional slope does not exceed 8°.

[0286] The slope compliance rate of Comparative Example 4 was 100%, and the bottom stability rate was 95.5%, slightly higher than that of Example 1; however, the average lateral deviation of the final deployment points from the planned survey line reached 138.6m, and the coefficient of variation of the station spacing was 10.8%. The deviation of some deployment points from the survey line changed the geometric relationship of the original planned array.

[0287] The results demonstrate that while two-dimensional arbitrary-direction searches can discover candidate regions with gentle slopes, this often comes at the cost of sacrificing array geometry. This invention limits the search direction to the corresponding measurement segment direction, thereby minimizing the average lateral deviation distance to approximately zero.

[0288] (xi) Overall results of each embodiment and comparative example

[0289] Table 2 Experimental results of different layout point design methods

[0290]

[0291] The regional slope compliance rate and landing stability rate in Table 2 can be used to draw... Figure 3 .Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the landing stability rates of Examples 1 to 3 are all higher than those of the comparative examples that do not undergo terrain adjustment, use single-point slope evaluation, and use fixed radius evaluation.

[0292] The landing stability rate of Comparative Example 4 is similar to that of Example 1, but the average lateral deviation distance and the coefficient of variation of station spacing are significantly increased. This shows that using only terrain slope as a candidate point for target selection cannot simultaneously guarantee the geometric structure of the observation array.

[0293] (xii) Sensitivity test of water depth conversion coefficient

[0294] To determine a reasonable range for the water depth conversion factor, under the same conditions as in Example 1, the water depth conversion factor was set to 0.005, 0.008, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020, respectively. Twenty drop tests were conducted for each parameter condition, with each test containing 1300 drop attempts. Table 3 shows the average values ​​of the results from the 20 test sets.

[0295] Table 3 Results of the water depth conversion coefficient sensitivity test

[0296]

[0297] It should be noted that when When the value is 0.005, some points are evaluated according to the minimum evaluation radius of 20m. Therefore, the average evaluation radius is not strictly equal to the average water depth multiplied by 0.005.

[0298] like Figure 4 As shown, the bottoming stability gradually improves as the water depth conversion coefficient increases from 0.005 to 0.015; however, when the water depth conversion coefficient continues to increase to 0.020, the bottoming stability does not continue to increase significantly, while the average moving distance and the coefficient of variation of station spacing further increase.

[0299] Therefore, for the type of seafloor seismograph, seafloor topography grid resolution, and bottom migration conditions used in this embodiment, the water depth conversion factor is preferably between 0.008 and 0.015, more preferably 0.01. This value is only the result of parameter selection in this embodiment, and can be recalibrated in practical applications based on the seafloor seismograph descent speed, ocean current conditions, and historical bottom migration records.

[0300] (xiii) Effect of maintaining station spacing

[0301] Based on the distance between adjacent points OBS01 to OBS13 in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, the station spacing deviation was calculated, and Table 4 was obtained.

[0302] Table 4 Statistical results of the distance between adjacent points

[0303]

[0304] Table 4 and Figure 5 As shown. Comparative Example 1 did not adjust any points, so it had the smallest coefficient of variation in station spacing, but its landing stability rate was only 78.8%. Comparative Example 4 allowed candidate points to move in any direction, resulting in the minimum adjacent spacing decreasing to 1.72 km and the maximum adjacent spacing increasing to 2.42 km.

[0305] In Example 1, after terrain risk adjustment, the minimum adjacent spacing was 1.91 km and the maximum adjacent spacing was 2.20 km. The coefficient of variation of station spacing only increased from 3.8% of the theoretical layout result to 4.6%, indicating that the selection of the nearest qualified distance level along the measurement section direction can limit the variation of station spacing.

[0306] (xiv) Validation of risk degradation output

[0307] To verify the processing capability when no qualified candidate points exist within the maximum allowable movement distance, in Figure 2 Based on the work area shown, a continuous steep slope zone of approximately 1.4 km in length and with an average regional slope of 10.2° to 13.6° was constructed, with a theoretical deployment point located in the middle of this steep slope zone. The maximum allowable movement distance was still set at 600 m.

[0308] Under these conditions, the average regional slope of all candidate deployment points generated along both the forward and reverse directions of the measurement section exceeds 8°. This invention does not mistakenly mark any candidate deployment point as low-risk; instead, it selects the point with the smallest average regional slope from both the theoretical deployment points and all candidate deployment points as the final deployment point. The selected point has an average regional slope of 9.1°, a moving distance of 522m, and is marked as high-risk.

[0309] Under the same conditions, if only the point with the smallest slope within the search range is selected without outputting a risk indicator, the operator may mistakenly believe that the point meets the deployment requirements. This invention records the "point selection result" and the "risk assessment result" separately, thus retaining a location for subsequent verification, while clearly indicating that the location has not yet met the critical slope requirement.

[0310] (XV) Analysis of Experimental Results

[0311] Based on the above experimental data, the following results can be obtained:

[0312] First, the joint allocation of multi-segment integer deployment intervals can generate deployment intervals adapted to the segment length when the total number of submarine seismographs is fixed. Figure 2 The 13 points shown are distributed along two measurement sections of different lengths. Adjacent measurement sections share the control point P1, and there is no duplicate counting of the number of instruments.

[0313] Second, determining the topographic evaluation radius based on water depth allows the evaluation range to match the bottom offset range. Compared to Comparative Example 3, which uses a fixed evaluation radius of 30m, the bottom stability rate of Example 1 increased from 92.7% to 95.1%.

[0314] Third, using the regional average slope can reduce misjudgments caused by insufficient representativeness of a single grid point. Although Comparative Example 2 ensured that the slope of the central grid of all final points did not exceed 8°, when re-checking according to the regional average slope, the regional slope compliance rate was only 84.6%, and the bottoming stability rate was 86.8%.

[0315] Fourth, searching along the measurement section direction can suppress the influence of point adjustment on the array geometry. In Example 1, the average lateral deviation distance was 0 and the coefficient of variation between stations was 4.6%. Although Comparative Example 4, which allows two-dimensional arbitrary direction search, achieved a bottoming stability rate of 95.5%, the average lateral deviation distance reached 138.6m and the coefficient of variation between stations increased to 10.8%.

[0316] Fifth, the moving distance is evaluated step by step from near to far, and the selection is made within the distance level where the first qualified candidate point appears, so that in Example 1, the average moving distance of all points is controlled to 17.7m when the regional slope qualification rate reaches 100%.

[0317] Sixth, when there are no qualified candidate points, select the point with the smallest average slope in the area and generate a high-risk label. This can prevent the algorithm from exiting without results and also prevent points that still exceed the critical slope from being mistakenly marked as low-risk points.

[0318] The foregoing description of embodiments of the present invention, through which those skilled in the art are able to implement or use the present invention, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelty disclosed herein.

[0319] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0320] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0321] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0322] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0323] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0324] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0325] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

Claims

1. An adaptive design method for the deployment points of seafloor seismometers based on terrain slope, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the seabed topographic grid data of the target work area, the total number of seabed seismometers, the control points of the survey lines set in the survey line sequence, the critical slope and the maximum allowable movement distance, and connect adjacent control points of the survey lines to form a survey segment. S2. Taking the minimum deviation of the actual layout spacing of each measurement segment from the target average spacing as the objective, determine the number of integer layout intervals for each measurement segment and generate theoretical layout points. S3. Calculate the slope of the seabed topography grid, determine the corresponding topography evaluation radius based on the water depth of each theoretical layout point, calculate the regional average slope within the corresponding topography evaluation area, and determine the theoretical layout points whose regional average slope exceeds the critical slope as points to be adjusted. S4. For the points to be adjusted, candidate deployment points are generated step by step along the direction of the measurement section where they are located, with a movement step size associated with the corresponding terrain evaluation radius. The regional average slope of the candidate deployment points is calculated from near to far according to the movement distance. The final deployment point is determined within the movement distance level where the regional average slope does not exceed the critical slope for the first time. S5. If no candidate deployment point with an average regional slope not exceeding the critical slope appears within the maximum allowable movement distance, select the one with the smallest average regional slope from the theoretical deployment point and candidate deployment point as the final deployment point and generate a high-risk marker, and output the location, water depth, average regional slope and risk level of each final deployment point. In step S2, the average target spacing is determined according to the following formula: ； In the formula, D is the average distance between targets; K is the number of measurement segments; The length of the j-th measurement segment; M is the total number of seabed seismometers; The number of integer intervals for each measurement section is determined according to the following formula: ； In the formula, The number of candidate deployment intervals for the j-th measurement segment; The number of integer intervals determined for the j-th measurement segment; It is a set of positive integers; Furthermore, in step S2, the survey line control points are determined as theoretical layout points, and intermediate survey line control points shared by adjacent survey sections are counted as only one theoretical layout point; within the j-th survey section, according to the length of the survey section... Its integer deployment interval The ratio of the points is used to generate the remaining theoretical layout points at equal intervals; In step S3, the slope of the seabed topography grid points is determined according to the following formula: ； In the formula, is the slope of the seabed topographic grid points; z is the seabed elevation; x and y are two horizontal coordinates in the projected coordinate system; and These represent the rates of change of seabed elevation along two horizontal directions; Pi; Among them, the The terrain evaluation radius of each theoretical layout point is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, The terrain evaluation radius for the i-th theoretically designed point location; Let be the water depth at the i-th theoretical deployment point; k is the water depth conversion coefficient. With the first Centered on the theoretically determined points, and with the aforementioned terrain evaluation radius... A circular terrain evaluation zone is established with a radius of 1. The average slope of this terrain evaluation zone is determined by the following formula: ； In the formula, For the first The average slope of the area at each theoretically determined location; This represents the number of valid seabed topographic grid points within the corresponding topographic evaluation area. This represents the slope of the m-th effective seabed topography grid point within the corresponding topography evaluation area; In step S4, the first The step size for moving each point to be adjusted is determined by the following formula: In the formula, Let be the step size for moving the i-th point to be adjusted; Let be the terrain evaluation radius corresponding to the i-th point to be adjusted; A step size scaling factor that is greater than 0 and not greater than 1; No. Candidate deployment points for each movement distance level are determined according to the following formula: In the formula, and The first The points to be adjusted are in the first Position vectors of candidate deployment points generated along the positive and negative directions of the measurement segment at each movement distance level; Let i be the position vector of the i-th point to be adjusted; Let be the unit direction vector of the i-th point to be adjusted in the j-th measurement segment; This represents the movement distance level number, and it must be a positive integer. Do not exceed the maximum allowed movement distance.

2. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the seabed topography grid data includes measured multibeam bathymetry data and / or publicly released regional seabed topography data; the seabed topography grid data is subjected to target area clipping, invalid value removal, abnormal elevation processing, and horizontal and vertical benchmark unification, and the processed seabed topography grid data is converted to a projected coordinate system with horizontal coordinate units of meters.

3. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, candidate deployment points with an average regional slope not exceeding the critical slope are identified as qualified candidate deployment points. When the first qualified candidate deployment point appears in a movement distance level containing only one qualified candidate deployment point, that qualified candidate deployment point is identified as the final deployment point. When the movement distance level contains two qualified candidate deployment points, the qualified candidate deployment point with the smaller average regional slope is identified as the final deployment point. The final deployment points determined in step S4 are marked as low-risk points, and the final deployment points determined in step S5 are marked as high-risk points.

4. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step size ratio coefficient The value is 0.5; for points to be adjusted located inside the survey section, candidate points are generated along the positive and negative directions of the survey section; for points to be adjusted located at intermediate survey line control points, candidate points are generated along the direction of the previous survey section leading to the intermediate survey line control point and its opposite direction; for points to be adjusted located at the starting point or ending point of the survey line, candidate points are generated along the direction of the survey section connected to it toward the interior of the survey line.

5. An adaptive design system for the deployment points of submarine seismographs based on terrain slope, characterized in that, The system is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising: The data processing module is used to acquire and process the seabed topographic grid data, the total number of seabed seismometers, the control points of the survey lines and the layout constraint parameters of the target work area, and connect adjacent control points of the survey lines to form a survey segment; The theoretical point generation module is used to determine the integer number of deployment intervals for each measurement segment and generate theoretical deployment points under the constraint that the sum of the number of deployment intervals for each measurement segment is equal to the total number of seafloor seismometers minus one. The topography evaluation module is used to calculate the slope of the seabed topography grid, determine the topography evaluation radius based on the water depth of the theoretical layout points, and calculate the average slope of the area corresponding to the theoretical layout points and candidate layout points. The point adjustment module is used to generate candidate points along the measurement section for theoretically laid out points where the average slope of the area exceeds the critical slope, and to determine the final layout points based on the moving distance and the average slope of the area. The results output module is used to output the location, water depth, average slope of the area, and risk level of the final deployment points.

6. The design system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The theoretical point generation module includes: The segment length calculation unit is used to calculate the length of each segment. The interval quantity allocation unit is used to determine the integer number of intervals for each measurement segment, with the objective of minimizing the deviation of the actual spacing of each measurement segment from the target average spacing, under the condition that the sum of the number of intervals for each measurement segment is fixed. The point interpolation unit is used to generate theoretical layout points at equal intervals within the corresponding measurement segment based on the integer layout interval number of each measurement segment, and to deduplicate the intermediate measurement line control points shared by adjacent measurement segments. And / or, the point adjustment module includes: The candidate point generation unit is used to generate candidate placement points according to the movement distance hierarchy along the measurement section where the point to be adjusted is located, with a movement step size associated with the terrain evaluation radius. The hierarchical selection unit is used to evaluate candidate deployment points from near to far according to the movement distance, and to determine the final deployment point within the movement distance level of the candidate deployment point where the average slope of the area does not exceed the critical slope for the first time. The risk processing unit is used to select the location with the smallest regional average slope from the theoretical and candidate locations as the final location when there are no candidate locations with an average regional slope not exceeding the critical slope within the maximum allowable movement distance, and to generate a high-risk label.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The method includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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