Active fire safety joint control system of electric bicycle charging pile

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electric bicycle charging safety and fire control, and discloses an active fire safety control system for electric bicycle charging piles, comprising a charging pile body, a plurality of charging interfaces, a charging parameter acquisition assembly, an environment detection assembly, an image acquisition assembly, a power supply control assembly, a fire execution assembly and a controller. The controller identifies real-time charging deviation based on the initial reference data set for this charging, and through target risk area consistency gating and load reduction, suspension output, low power recovery verification action, it refutes the abnormal source. When determining battery thermal runaway, external fire source or adjacent diffusion risk, the candidate diffusion area and diffusion priority are determined, the linkage disposal sequence is generated, and the alternative action is called according to the disposal feedback, and the lock reset control is executed after disposal. The system can improve the early identification accuracy, linkage disposal accuracy and recurrence prevention and control ability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric bicycle charging safety and fire protection joint control technology, and discloses an active fire safety joint control system for electric bicycle charging piles. In particular, it relates to a fire safety joint control system that actively judges and coordinates the sources of abnormalities, the risk of spread, and the handling actions during the charging process of electric bicycles by collecting charging parameters, environmental detection, image recognition, power supply control, and fire protection execution feedback. Background Technology

[0002] Electric bicycles are widely used in residential communities, industrial parks, schools, shopping malls, and public parking areas due to their convenience and flexible parking. To reduce safety hazards caused by unauthorized wiring, indoor charging, and disorderly parking, more and more places are installing electric bicycle charging stations or centralized charging facilities. Existing electric bicycle charging stations typically have functions such as charging metering, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, leakage protection, power-off when fully charged, and abnormal alarms. Some charging locations are also equipped with temperature sensors, smoke sensors, flame detectors, video surveillance devices, sprinkler systems, fire extinguishing devices, and remote monitoring platforms to trigger alarms, power outages, or fire-fighting responses in case of overheating, smoke, open flames, or electrical abnormalities.

[0003] However, fire risks in centralized charging scenarios for electric bicycles do not always manifest as a single sensor reading exceeding limits. In actual use, there are significant differences between different vehicles, battery aging levels, charger output characteristics, plug contact conditions, and ambient temperatures. A fixed threshold cannot accurately reflect the true anomalies of each charging process. Furthermore, in scenarios where multiple electric bicycles are parked adjacently and charging simultaneously at multiple ports, if a temperature rise, smoke, or image anomaly occurs at a certain location, the anomaly may originate from poor contact at the target charging port, or from thermal runaway within the vehicle's battery, charger malfunction, intrusion of an external fire source, or the spread of fire from adjacent vehicles. Existing systems typically focus more on "whether an anomaly is detected" and "whether power is cut off, alarms are triggered, or fires are extinguished after an anomaly," easily overlooking the correspondence between the anomaly signal and the specific charging port, specific vehicle, nature of the heat source, direction of spread, and fire-fighting resources. This makes it difficult for the system to promptly determine whether the anomaly should be considered a common electrical fault, a precursor to thermal runaway, an external fire source, or a risk of fire propagation from adjacent vehicles.

[0004] Therefore, even with multiple detection devices and fire-fighting linkage devices, existing technologies may still encounter problems such as false alarms, false power outages, false sprinklers, insufficient response, or delayed response due to unclear attribution of the anomaly source, reliance on fixed thresholds for judgment, and mechanical execution of response actions according to preset levels. For example, if a localized overheating caused by poor plug contact is directly triggered to extinguish a large-scale fire, it will cause unnecessary equipment damage and downtime; if a battery experiences internal thermal runaway, simply cutting off the power to the port without recognizing the characteristic of continued temperature rise after power cut-off may miss the opportunity for early suppression; if a fire spreads to adjacent vehicles, shed structures, or cable-laying areas, simply executing fixed fire-fighting actions at the alarm point will make it difficult to promptly stop the chain reaction; and if there is a lack of continuous assessment of residual heat, gas resurgence, and hot spot migration after fire extinguishing, reignition or false power restoration may occur. Therefore, how to identify relative anomalies based on the characteristics of each charging behavior during the charging process of electric bicycles, and further confirm the source of the anomaly, determine the nature of the heat source, predict the propagation trend, dynamically schedule fire-fighting actions, and provide feedback correction and re-ignition interlock after the action has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the joint control of fire safety of electric bicycle charging piles.

[0005] To address these issues, we propose an active fire safety control system for electric bicycle charging stations.

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of existing electric bicycle charging station fire safety control systems, which mainly rely on fixed threshold alarms, single sensor triggers, and fixed linkage responses. These systems struggle to promptly distinguish between interface contact abnormalities, charger malfunctions, battery thermal runaway abnormalities, external fire source abnormalities, and adjacent area diffusion abnormalities. Furthermore, during fire response, issues such as accidental power outages, accidental spraying, delayed response, chain reactions involving adjacent vehicles, and accidental re-ignition after response can easily occur. This invention provides an active fire safety control system for electric bicycle charging stations.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An active fire safety control system for electric bicycle charging stations includes a charging station body, multiple charging interfaces, a charging parameter acquisition component, an environmental detection component, an image acquisition component, a power supply control component, a fire execution component, and a controller.

[0008] In this invention, the charging pile body includes a pile shell, an interface mounting part, a control cavity, and an electrical mounting cavity. The interface mounting part is located on the side of the pile shell facing the parking area, and multiple charging interfaces are located in the interface mounting part. The control cavity is used to install a controller, and the electrical mounting cavity is used to install a power supply control component and a charging parameter acquisition component. Each charging interface corresponds to a parking area and is configured with an interface number. The interface number establishes a correspondence with the parking area number, power supply branch number, environmental detection area number, image acquisition area number, fire-fighting execution component number, adjacent parking area number, adjacent charging interface number on the same power supply branch, and callable fire-fighting execution component number, enabling the controller to determine the corresponding parking area, corresponding power supply branch, corresponding detection area, adjacent parking area, adjacent charging interface on the same power supply branch, and corresponding fire-fighting execution target based on the target charging interface.

[0009] Specifically, the charging parameter acquisition component includes multiple components such as a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a power metering circuit, a current ripple sampling circuit, a power factor acquisition circuit, and an interface temperature detection device. The voltage sampling circuit is connected to the output terminal of each charging interface to output the corresponding output voltage signal. The current sampling circuit is connected in series or coupled to the output circuit of each charging interface to output the corresponding output current signal. The power metering circuit is connected to both the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit to output the corresponding output power signal. The current ripple sampling circuit is connected to the output circuit of the charging interface to output the current ripple signal. The power factor acquisition circuit is located on the input or output side of the charging interface to output the power factor signal. The interface temperature detection device is located near the plug-in terminal, the inner side of the socket housing, or the conductive connection part of the interface of the charging interface to output the temperature signal of the interface plug-in part. After the above signals are sent to the controller, they form the basis for judging the electrical state and interface heating state during the charging process, and are used to collect the current recovery, ripple change, power factor change, and interface plug-in part temperature rise of the target charging interface before and after the verification action is executed, so that the controller can make a counter-evidence judgment on the source of the anomaly.

[0010] Furthermore, the environmental detection component includes at least one of a zone temperature detector, a flue gas detector, and a combustible gas detector; the zone temperature detector is located above the parking area, to the side of the parking area, or on the side of the charging pile body near the parking area, and is used to output a parking area temperature signal; the flue gas detector is located above the parking area, at the airflow convergence point inside the canopy, or on the side of the charging pile body near the parking area, and is used to output a flue gas concentration signal; the combustible gas detector is located above the parking area, at the airflow convergence point inside the canopy, or on the side of the charging pile body near the parking area, and is used to output a combustible gas concentration signal; the environmental detection component sends the parking area temperature signal, flue gas concentration signal, and combustible gas concentration signal to the controller, so that the controller can determine whether there is a temperature rise, flue gas release, or combustible gas release state in the parking area, and provide the controller with the starting area of ​​abnormal environmental parameters during the consistency judgment process of the target risk area.

[0011] Furthermore, the image acquisition component includes at least one of a visible light camera, an infrared thermal imager, and an image processing module. The visible light camera is positioned to cover multiple parking areas and is used to acquire vehicle images, smoke images, or open flame images. The infrared thermal imager is positioned to cover multiple parking areas and is used to acquire hot spot images of the parking areas. The image processing module is connected to the visible light camera or the infrared thermal imager and is used to establish a correspondence between the image acquisition area and the parking area number, and output at least one image recognition signal from vehicle contour information, hot spot position, hot spot area, hot spot movement direction, smoke movement direction, and open flame identification result. The image acquisition component sends the image recognition signal to the controller so that the controller can confirm the abnormal starting position, hot spot changes, smoke diffusion direction, and the identification area of ​​the image anomaly.

[0012] Preferably, the power supply control component includes at least a variety of port switches, branch switches, switch status feedback components, and residual current protection components. The port switches are located in the output circuit of each charging interface and are used to control the on / off or output status of a single charging interface according to the controller's port power-off command, port current-limiting command, or port pause command. The branch switches are located in a power supply branch shared by multiple charging interfaces and are used to control the on / off of the power supply branch according to the controller's branch power-off command. The switch status feedback component is connected to the port switches or branch switches and is used to provide feedback to the controller on the actual on / off status of the port switches or branch switches. The residual current protection component is located in the charging interface output circuit or power supply branch and is used to output a residual current abnormality signal. Through the above structure, the controller can perform single-interface power-off, power supply branch power-off, current limiting, output pause, and power-off feedback confirmation.

[0013] Furthermore, the fire-fighting execution components include at least several of the following: cooling nozzles, fire extinguishing medium release nozzles, solenoid valves, medium pipelines, pressure storage containers, smoke exhaust fans, smoke exhaust valves, and audible and visual alarms. Cooling nozzles and fire extinguishing medium release nozzles are arranged corresponding to different parking areas. Cooling nozzles release cooling media to the target risk area or adjacent parking areas, while fire extinguishing medium release nozzles release fire extinguishing media to the target risk area or adjacent parking areas. Solenoid valves are installed on the medium pipelines and connected to the controller, used to control the release of cooling or fire extinguishing media according to the controller's cooling or fire extinguishing commands. Pressure storage containers are connected to the cooling nozzles or fire extinguishing medium release nozzles via medium pipelines, used to provide cooling or fire extinguishing media. Smoke exhaust fans or smoke exhaust valves are installed above the charging area or at the smoke exhaust duct of the shed, used to change the direction or intensity of smoke exhaust according to the controller's smoke exhaust adjustment commands. The audible and visual alarm is installed near the charging pile or parking area and is used to output audible and visual alarm signals according to the alarm command of the controller. The fire-fighting execution component feeds back at least one execution feedback signal to the controller, which is the solenoid valve opening and closing status, medium pressure status, smoke exhaust execution status and alarm execution status, so that the controller can determine whether the cooling, fire extinguishing medium release, smoke exhaust and alarm actions have been successfully executed.

[0014] During operation, the controller connects to the charging parameter acquisition component, environmental detection component, image acquisition component, power supply control component, and fire protection execution component. After the target charging interface switches from standby to charging output state, the controller records the output start time of the target charging interface and removes transient output start data such as relay closing, voltage rise, current surge, and charger handshake during the initial time period after the output start time. Subsequently, during the relatively stable output phase, the controller collects multiple data from current change data, power change data, current ripple data, power factor data, interface connection temperature rise data, and ambient temperature data to form the initial reference data set for this charging.

[0015] Furthermore, after the output of the target charging interface is started, the controller divides the initial time period into a start-up rejection phase and a stable sampling phase. In the start-up rejection phase, the controller excludes sampling points corresponding to the instant the relay closes, the voltage ramp-up phase, the current surge phase, and the charger handshake phase.

[0016] During the stable sampling phase, the controller continuously collects the voltage sequence, current sequence, power sequence, power factor sequence, current ripple sequence, interface connector temperature sequence, and ambient temperature sequence of the target charging interface. When the voltage change amplitude, current change amplitude, and power change amplitude during the stable sampling phase are all less than the corresponding stability judgment threshold, the controller confirms that the stable sampling phase meets the stable sampling conditions. After meeting the stable sampling conditions, the controller generates a compensated temperature rise sequence based on the difference between the interface connector temperature sequence and the ambient temperature sequence, and extracts the current fluctuation amplitude and current change slope from the current sequence, the power fluctuation amplitude from the power sequence, the power factor change from the power factor sequence, the ripple amplitude and ripple frequency from the current ripple sequence, and the interface connector temperature rise slope and interface connector temperature rise hysteresis from the compensated temperature rise sequence.

[0017] The controller forms baseline feature data based on the concentrated values ​​of the extracted features, and forms an allowable deviation range based on the fluctuation range of the extracted features during the stable sampling phase. The baseline feature data and the allowable deviation range together constitute the initial baseline data set for this charging.

[0018] Furthermore, in the subsequent stages of this charging process, the controller acquires real-time charging characteristic data of the target charging interface using the same data extraction method as that used to form the initial reference data set for this charging, and compares the real-time charging characteristic data with the initial reference data set for this charging. When the deviation magnitude and duration of the real-time charging characteristic data relative to the initial reference data set for this charging meet the suspected abnormality conditions, the controller triggers baseline deviation gating. Thus, this invention does not directly rely on a uniform fixed threshold for fire alarm triggering, but rather identifies relative anomalies based on the initial reference data of each charging process itself.

[0019] After triggering baseline deviation gating, the controller determines the target risk area based on the preset correspondence between the target charging interface, the corresponding parking area, the power supply branch, the environmental detection area, the image acquisition area, and the fire-fighting execution components. The controller further determines whether the abnormal charging parameters, abnormal interface temperature rise, abnormal environmental parameters, and abnormal images satisfy the time progression relationship, spatial correspondence relationship, and abnormal change sequence relationship based on the occurrence time of the abnormal charging parameters, the starting position of the abnormal interface temperature rise, the starting area of ​​the abnormal environmental parameters, and the identification area of ​​the abnormal images. When the time progression relationship, spatial correspondence relationship, and abnormal change sequence relationship are satisfied, the controller triggers the target risk area consistency gating. When the starting position of the abnormal temperature rise of the interface connector, the abnormal environmental parameters, or the abnormal image is inconsistent with the parking area corresponding to the target charging interface, the controller re-determines the target risk area based on the starting position of the hot spot, the starting position of the smoke, or the parking area corresponding to the identification area of ​​the abnormal image.

[0020] Preferably, after triggering the consistency gating of the target risk area, when the suspected anomaly is in an early state where no open flame has been confirmed, no rapid spread of smoke has occurred, no spread to adjacent areas has occurred, and no emergency temperature rise conditions have been reached, the controller performs at least two verification actions on the target charging interface, including load reduction, output suspension, and low power recovery, and collects the current recovery status, interface connection temperature rise changes, vehicle area temperature rise changes, smoke parameter changes, or combustible gas parameter changes before and after the verification actions; when an open flame, rapid smoke spread, rapid temperature rise, or adjacent area spread trend occurs during any verification action, the controller stops subsequent verification actions and directly generates a linkage response sequence.

[0021] Furthermore, the controller performs a counter-evidence judgment on the source of the anomaly based on the response results before and after the verification action; among them, when the temperature rise slope of the interface connector decreases after load reduction or output suspension, the temperature rise slope of the vehicle area does not continue to rise, and the flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters do not continue to rise, the controller judges the source of the anomaly to be an interface contact anomaly; when current recovery overshoot, current ripple enhancement, or abnormal increase in power factor occurs after low power recovery, and the temperature rise slope of the vehicle area does not continue to rise, the controller judges the source of the anomaly to be a charger anomaly; After the output is paused, the current at the target charging interface has returned to zero, but the temperature rise slope in the vehicle area continues to increase, and the flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters continue to rise. If the charging parameters do not show a deviation corresponding to the thermal anomaly, but hot spots, flue gas, or open flame anomalies first appear in the image acquisition area or environmental detection area, the controller determines that the source of the anomaly is an external fire source anomaly. If, after power outages, cooling, or fire suppression actions have been performed on the target risk area, the temperature rise, flue gas parameters, combustible gas parameters, or hot spot area in adjacent parking areas still show an upward trend, the controller determines that the source of the anomaly is an abnormal diffusion from the adjacent area. When multiple anomaly source criteria are met simultaneously, the controller determines the final anomaly source in the following priority order: battery thermal runaway anomaly, open flame or external fire source anomaly, adjacent area diffusion anomaly, charger anomaly, and interface contact anomaly.

[0022] Furthermore, when the source of the anomaly is a battery thermal runaway anomaly, an external fire source anomaly, or an anomaly in the adjacent area, the controller takes the target risk area as the center and identifies the adjacent parking areas, charging interfaces on the same power supply branch, cable or socket routing paths, adjacent areas of the canopy structure, and fire protection blind spots around the target risk area as candidate diffusion areas. For each candidate diffusion area, the controller obtains the parking distance between it and the target risk area, the vehicle parking offset, the matching degree of hot spot movement direction, the matching degree of smoke movement direction, the charging power of adjacent charging interfaces, the canopy obstruction status, the correlation degree of cable or socket routing, the coverage status of fire protection actuators, and the remaining status of fire protection media. Based on the above information, the controller determines the diffusion priority of the candidate diffusion area. The controller sorts the candidate diffusion areas from high to low according to the diffusion priority and determines the priority power-off area, priority current-limiting area, priority cooling area, priority fire extinguishing area, and smoke exhaust adjustment area based on the ranking of the candidate diffusion areas.

[0023] After generating diffusion priority information, the controller establishes a set of candidate actions, which includes power off the target charging interface, power off the target power supply branch, power off the target charging zone, current limiting of adjacent charging interfaces, suspension of adjacent charging interfaces, cooling of the target risk area, release of fire extinguishing medium in the target risk area, pre-cooling of adjacent parking areas, release of fire extinguishing medium in adjacent parking areas, smoke exhaust adjustment, and alarm. The controller determines the coverage area, impact area, execution intensity, expected risk reduction result, execution order constraints, and alternative actions for each candidate action in the candidate action set. Based on the anomaly source and diffusion priority information, it selects a combination of candidate action combinations from the candidate action set that can cover the target risk area and high-priority candidate diffusion area, and have minimal impact on non-risk charging interfaces, non-risk parking areas, and non-risk power supply branches, and generates a linkage action sequence. When the diffusion priority information shows that the direction of smoke movement passes through a high-priority candidate diffusion area, the controller will adjust the smoke exhaust to be performed before or simultaneously with the release of the extinguishing medium.

[0024] Furthermore, the controller controls the power supply control component and the fire-fighting execution component to execute corresponding actions according to the linkage response sequence. After the linkage response sequence is executed, the controller determines the actual risk reduction result based on power failure feedback, temperature changes, flue gas parameter changes, combustible gas parameter changes, hot spot location changes, and feedback from the fire-fighting execution component. The controller then compares the actual risk reduction result with the expected risk reduction result of the corresponding candidate action. When the actual risk reduction result does not reach the expected risk reduction result, the controller redetermines the target risk area and diffusion priority information, and generates a subsequent linkage action sequence based on the alternative actions corresponding to the candidate disposal actions, thereby forming a closed-loop control process of anomaly identification, gating triggering, risk area confirmation, input disturbance counter-evidence, diffusion priority determination, linkage action, feedback comparison and alternative action invocation.

[0025] After fire suppression, the controller maintains the lock on the target charging interface, corresponding power supply branch, or corresponding charging zone based on residual temperature rise, residual smoke, residual combustible gas, hot spot rebound, and changes in adjacent parking areas. During the rapid temperature drop confirmation phase, the controller determines whether the fire suppression has achieved an initial suppression effect based on the temperature drop trend, smoke parameter drop trend, combustible gas parameter drop trend, and hot spot area change in the target risk area. During the residual heat release confirmation phase, the controller determines whether there is a risk of residual heat release based on residual temperature rise, hot spot residue, residual smoke, residual combustible gas, and changes in adjacent parking areas. During the reignition rebound confirmation phase, the controller determines whether there is a temperature rebound, flue gas rebound, combustible gas parameter rebound, hot spot expansion, or open flame reappearance. When the temperature of the target risk area is below the safety recovery threshold, the temperature drop trend is stable, the flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters drop and remain stable, the image acquisition component does not identify an open flame or hot spot expansion, there is no diffusion trend in adjacent parking areas, the target charging interface and the target power supply branch remain disconnected, and the fire-fighting execution component has reported that the handling has been completed, the controller allows manual reset. If not all of the above conditions are met, the controller remains locked and adjusts the lockout range between the target charging zone, the target power supply branch, and the target charging interface based on the residual risk status. If a temperature rebound, flue gas rebound, combustible gas parameter rebound, hot spot expansion, or open flame recurrence is detected during the lockout period, the controller re-enters the target risk area determination, diffusion priority determination, and linkage response sequence generation process.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention sets up a charging parameter acquisition component, an environmental detection component, an image acquisition component, a power supply control component, and a fire-fighting execution component, and clarifies the component composition, installation position, connection relationship, and output signal of each component, so that the charging pile can simultaneously obtain the charging electrical status, the temperature rise status of the interface plug, the environmental status of the parking area, the hot spot status of the image, and the fire-fighting execution status, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent active fire-fighting joint control.

[0027] 2. This invention forms an initial reference data set for each charge after the start of each charge and compares the subsequent real-time charging feature data with the initial reference data set. This enables the identification of abnormal changes in the state of the device relative to the current charging process, avoiding false alarms or missed alarms caused by using a uniform fixed threshold under different vehicle, battery, charger and environmental conditions.

[0028] 3. By establishing the correspondence between the target charging interface, parking area, power supply branch, environmental detection area, image acquisition area, and fire-fighting execution components, this invention can identify the target risk area after a suspected anomaly is detected, and determine whether abnormal charging parameters, abnormal interface temperature rise, abnormal environmental parameters, and abnormal images originate from the same area, thereby reducing the risk of accidental power outages, accidental sprinklers, or incorrect handling caused by unclear anomaly attribution.

[0029] 4. In the early stages without open flame, rapid smoke diffusion, diffusion in adjacent areas, or emergency temperature rise, this invention uses verification actions such as load reduction, output suspension, and low-power recovery, combined with current recovery, interface temperature rise, vehicle area temperature rise, changes in smoke parameters and combustible gas parameters, to distinguish between interface contact abnormalities, charger abnormalities, battery thermal runaway abnormalities, external fire source abnormalities, and diffusion abnormalities in adjacent areas, thereby achieving differentiated handling of different abnormal sources.

[0030] 5. Based on the location of hot spots, the direction of hot spot movement, the direction of smoke movement, the distance between adjacent parking areas, the charging status of adjacent charging interfaces, the obstruction status of the canopy, the relationship of power supply branches, and the coverage of fire-fighting execution components, this invention determines the diffusion priority information and generates a linkage response sequence accordingly. It can proactively cut off power, limit current, cool, extinguish fires, or exhaust smoke in high-diffusion-risk areas, reducing the risk of chain combustion of adjacent vehicles.

[0031] 6. After the coordinated response, the present invention judges whether the risk has decreased as expected based on feedback from power failure, temperature changes, flue gas parameter changes, combustible gas parameter changes, hot spot location changes, and feedback from fire-fighting execution components. If the risk has not decreased, the target risk area, diffusion priority information, and subsequent coordinated response sequence are redefined. The invention can correct subsequent actions based on the response results, avoiding delays in response when the fixed coordinated response strategy changes.

[0032] 7. After fire suppression, this invention maintains the interlock based on residual temperature rise, residual smoke, residual combustible gas, hot spot rebound, and changes in adjacent parking areas, and allows manual reset after the reset conditions are met. This can reduce the risk of reignition and accidental reset, while adjusting the interlock range according to the residual risk status to reduce the long-term shutdown of non-risk areas. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall system structure and corresponding parking areas; Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the component connections and signal flow. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of forming the initial reference data set for this charging operation. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-gating trigger and anomaly source reversal judgment process; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing candidate diffusion areas, diffusion priorities, and coordinated response sequences; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feedback correction and post-processing lockout process. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments to the specific structure and control parameters according to the actual charging site scale, number of parking areas, fire-fighting equipment layout, sensor type and communication method. Example 1

[0035] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides an active fire safety control system for electric bicycle charging stations, including a charging station body, multiple charging interfaces, a charging parameter acquisition component, an environmental detection component, an image acquisition component, a power supply control component, a fire execution component, and a controller.

[0036] The charging pile body includes a pile shell, an interface mounting section, a control cavity, and an electrical mounting cavity. The interface mounting section is located on the side of the pile shell facing the parking area, and multiple charging interfaces are sequentially arranged in the interface mounting section. The control cavity is used to install the controller, power management module, communication module, and storage module; the electrical mounting cavity is used to install the power supply control components and charging parameter acquisition components. Each charging interface corresponds to a different parking area; for example, charging interface 1 corresponds to parking area 1, charging interface 2 corresponds to parking area 2, and so on.

[0037] Each charging interface is assigned an interface number, and the controller stores an interface area mapping table. This table includes the charging interface number, parking area number, power supply branch number, environmental monitoring area number, image acquisition area number, fire-fighting actuator number, adjacent parking area numbers, adjacent charging interface numbers on the same power supply branch, and the number of available fire-fighting actuators. Using this mapping table, the controller can determine the corresponding target parking area, power supply branch, environmental monitoring area, image acquisition area, adjacent parking areas, adjacent charging interfaces on the same power supply branch, and available cooling, fire extinguishing, smoke extraction, and alarm actuators when a target charging interface malfunctions.

[0038] The charging parameter acquisition component includes a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a power metering circuit, a current ripple sampling circuit, a power factor acquisition circuit, and an interface temperature sensor. The voltage sampling circuit is connected to the output terminal of each charging interface to acquire the output voltage of the corresponding charging interface and output an output voltage signal to the controller. The current sampling circuit is connected in series or coupled to the output circuit of each charging interface to acquire the output current of the corresponding charging interface and output an output current signal to the controller. The power metering circuit is connected to both the voltage and current sampling circuits to calculate the output power of the corresponding charging interface based on the output voltage and output current signals and output an output power signal to the controller. The current ripple sampling circuit is connected to the output circuit of the charging interface to acquire the ripple component in the output current and output a current ripple signal to the controller. The power factor acquisition circuit is located on the input or output side of the charging interface to output a power factor signal to the controller. The interface temperature sensor is located near the plug terminals, the inside of the socket housing, or the conductive connection part of the interface of the charging interface to acquire the temperature of the interface plug part and output a temperature signal of the interface plug part to the controller.

[0039] The environmental monitoring components include area temperature detectors, flue gas detectors, and combustible gas detectors. The area temperature detectors are positioned above the parking area, to the side of the parking area, or on the side of the charging pile closest to the parking area, and output the parking area temperature signal. The flue gas detectors are positioned above the parking area, at the airflow convergence point inside the enclosure, or on the side of the charging pile closest to the parking area, and output the flue gas concentration signal. The combustible gas detectors are positioned above the parking area, at the airflow convergence point inside the enclosure, or on the side of the charging pile closest to the parking area, and output the combustible gas concentration signal. The environmental monitoring components send the parking area temperature signal, flue gas concentration signal, and combustible gas concentration signal to the controller, enabling the controller to determine whether there is a temperature rise, flue gas release, or combustible gas release in the corresponding parking area, and to provide the starting area for abnormal environmental parameters during subsequent target risk area consistency assessment.

[0040] The image acquisition component includes a visible light camera, an infrared thermal imager, and an image processing module. The visible light camera is positioned to cover multiple parking areas and is used to acquire vehicle images, smoke images, or open flame images. The infrared thermal imager is also positioned to cover multiple parking areas and is used to acquire hot spot images of the parking areas. The image processing module is connected to the visible light camera or the infrared thermal imager and is used to establish a correspondence between the image acquisition area and the parking area number. Based on the acquired images, it outputs at least one image recognition signal from the following: vehicle outline information, hot spot location, hot spot area, hot spot movement direction, smoke movement direction, and open flame identification result. The image acquisition component sends the image recognition signal to the controller, allowing the controller to confirm the abnormal starting location, hot spot changes, smoke diffusion direction, and the identified area of ​​image anomalies.

[0041] The power supply control component includes port switches, branch switches, switch status feedback components, and residual current protection components. Port switches are located in the output circuit of each charging interface and are used to control the on / off state or output status of a single charging interface based on the controller's port power-off command, port current-limiting command, or port pause command. Branch switches are located in the power supply branch shared by multiple charging interfaces and are used to control the on / off state of the power supply branch based on the controller's branch power-off command. The switch status feedback component is connected to the port switches or branch switches and is used to provide feedback to the controller on the actual on / off state of the port switches or branch switches. The residual current protection component is located in the charging interface output circuit or power supply branch and is used to output a residual current abnormality signal to the controller. Through this structure, the controller can perform single-interface power-off, power supply branch power-off, current limiting, output pause, and power-off feedback confirmation.

[0042] The fire suppression system includes cooling sprinklers, fire extinguishing agent release sprinklers, solenoid valves, media pipelines, pressure vessels, smoke exhaust fans, smoke exhaust dampers, and audible and visual alarms. Cooling sprinklers and fire extinguishing agent release sprinklers are arranged to correspond to different parking areas. Cooling sprinklers release cooling media to the target risk area or adjacent parking areas, while fire extinguishing agent release sprinklers release fire extinguishing media to the target risk area or adjacent parking areas. Solenoid valves are located on the media pipelines and connected to the controller, used to control the release of cooling or fire extinguishing media according to the controller's cooling or fire extinguishing commands. Pressure vessels are connected to the cooling sprinklers or fire extinguishing agent release sprinklers via media pipelines to provide cooling or fire extinguishing media. Smoke exhaust fans or smoke exhaust dampers are located above the charging area or at the smoke exhaust duct of the enclosure, used to change the direction or intensity of smoke exhaust according to the controller's smoke exhaust adjustment commands. Audible and visual alarms are located near the charging pile itself or the parking area, used to output audible and visual alarm signals according to the controller's alarm commands. The fire-fighting actuator sends at least one feedback signal to the controller, which indicates the status of the solenoid valve opening / closing, the medium pressure, the smoke exhaust, and the alarm. This enables the controller to determine whether the cooling, fire extinguishing medium release, smoke exhaust, and alarm actions have been successfully executed. Example 2

[0043] Reference Figure 2 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further explains how the initial reference data set for this charging is formed.

[0044] After the target charging interface switches from standby mode to charging output mode, the controller records the output start time of the target charging interface. The output start time can be the moment when the port switch of the target charging interface closes and detects that the output current is greater than the set start current, or it can be the moment when the controller confirms that the target charging interface has entered the continuous output state.

[0045] The controller divides the initial time period after the output start-up time into a start-up rejection phase and a stable sampling phase. The start-up rejection phase is used to exclude sampling points corresponding to the relay closing instant, voltage ramp-up phase, current surge phase, and charger handshake phase. Since these phases are prone to generating transient impact data, directly using them as part of the initial reference data for this charging operation may lead to inaccurate subsequent deviation judgments. Therefore, the controller rejects abrupt change sampling points within the start-up rejection phase and does not use them to form the reference feature data.

[0046] During the stable sampling phase, the controller continuously collects the voltage, current, power, power factor, current ripple, interface connection temperature, and ambient temperature sequences of the target charging interface. When the voltage, current, and power changes during the stable sampling phase are all less than their corresponding stability thresholds, the controller confirms that the stable sampling phase meets the stable sampling conditions.

[0047] After the stable sampling conditions are met, the controller generates a compensated temperature rise sequence based on the difference between the interface connector temperature sequence and the ambient temperature sequence. This compensated temperature rise sequence is used to reduce the influence of ambient temperature on the interface connector temperature rise determination. Subsequently, the controller extracts the current fluctuation amplitude and current change slope from the current sequence, the power fluctuation amplitude from the power sequence, the power factor change from the power factor sequence, the ripple amplitude and ripple frequency from the current ripple sequence, and the interface connector temperature rise slope and interface connector temperature rise hysteresis from the compensated temperature rise sequence.

[0048] The controller generates baseline feature data based on the concentrated values ​​of the extracted features and generates an allowable deviation range based on the fluctuation range of the extracted features during the stable sampling phase. The baseline feature data and the allowable deviation range together constitute the initial baseline data set for this charging. The initial baseline data set for this charging is used to characterize the initial normal state of this charging under the combined effects of the current vehicle, battery, charger, target charging interface contact state, and ambient temperature.

[0049] In the subsequent stages of this charging process, when the real-time charging characteristic data does not trigger the baseline deviation gating, the controller can update the initial reference data set for this charging at a low speed based on the real-time charging characteristic data; when the real-time charging characteristic data triggers the baseline deviation gating, the controller stops using the real-time charging characteristic data of the abnormal period to update the initial reference data set for this charging, so as to prevent the abnormal data from being updated to the normal reference. Example 3

[0050] Reference Figure 3 This embodiment further illustrates the triggering process of baseline deviation gating and target risk area consistency gating, based on the above embodiments.

[0051] In the subsequent stages of this charging process, the controller continuously acquires real-time sampling data of the target charging interface according to a preset sliding window, and extracts real-time feature data from the real-time sampling data. The real-time feature data includes multiple items such as real-time current fluctuation amplitude, real-time current change slope, real-time power fluctuation amplitude, real-time power factor change, real-time ripple amplitude, real-time ripple frequency, real-time interface connector temperature rise slope, and real-time interface connector temperature rise hysteresis.

[0052] The controller compares each real-time feature data with the corresponding baseline feature data and allowable deviation range in the initial baseline data set for this charge. When any real-time feature data exceeds the corresponding allowable deviation range, the controller records the deviation magnitude and duration of the deviation. When the deviation magnitude and duration of multiple real-time feature data together meet the suspected abnormal conditions, the controller triggers baseline deviation gating.

[0053] After baseline deviation gating is triggered, the controller retrieves the interface area mapping table to determine the parking area, power supply branch, environmental detection area, image acquisition area, and fire-fighting execution component corresponding to the target charging interface. The controller further matches the occurrence time of abnormal charging parameters, the starting position of abnormal interface temperature rise, the starting area of ​​abnormal environmental parameters, and the identification area of ​​abnormal images with the parking area, environmental detection area, and image acquisition area corresponding to the target charging interface.

[0054] When abnormal charging parameters, abnormal interface temperature rise, abnormal environmental parameters, and abnormal images satisfy a temporal progression relationship, a spatial correspondence relationship, and a sequential relationship of abnormal changes, the controller triggers the target risk area consistency gating. For example, if the target charging interface first exhibits abnormal current ripple and power factor, followed by an abnormal temperature rise near the plug of the target charging interface, and then an increase in smoke parameters or an expansion of hot spots in the image in the target parking area, the controller determines that the above abnormalities satisfy a temporal progression relationship and a spatial correspondence relationship, and triggers the target risk area consistency gating.

[0055] When the starting location of abnormal interface temperature rise, abnormal environmental parameters, or abnormal image is inconsistent with the parking area corresponding to the target charging interface, the controller does not directly attribute the abnormality to the target charging interface. Instead, it redetermines the target risk area based on the parking area corresponding to the starting location of the hot spot, the starting location of the smoke, or the area identified by the image abnormality. This avoids misjudging fires in adjacent parking areas or external fire sources as abnormalities of the target charging interface itself. Example 4

[0056] Reference Figure 4 This embodiment further illustrates the verification actions and the determination of the source of the anomaly based on the above embodiments.

[0057] After triggering the consistency gating of the target risk area, if the suspected anomaly is in an early stage where no open flame has been confirmed, no rapid smoke diffusion has occurred, no diffusion to adjacent areas has occurred, and no emergency temperature rise conditions have been reached, the controller will perform at least two verification actions on the target charging interface: load reduction, output suspension, and low-power recovery. The purpose of the verification actions is not to delay handling, but to observe whether the interface temperature rise, vehicle area temperature rise, smoke parameters, and combustible gas parameters change with the charging input in an early controllable state, thereby reversely determining the source of the anomaly.

[0058] Load reduction involves lowering the output power of the target charging interface to a preset percentage of its pre-load reduction output power, and collecting data on current recovery, interface connection temperature rise, and vehicle area temperature rise after load reduction. Output suspension involves disconnecting the target charging interface output and collecting data on the target charging interface current returning to zero, interface connection temperature rise, vehicle area temperature rise, flue gas parameters, and combustible gas parameters. Low-power recovery involves restoring the target charging interface output to a power level lower than the pre-load reduction output power, and collecting data on current recovery overshoot, ripple changes, power factor changes, and temperature rise acceleration.

[0059] If an open flame, rapid spread of smoke, rapid temperature rise, or a trend of spread to adjacent areas occurs during any verification action, the controller will stop subsequent verification actions and directly generate a linkage response sequence to avoid delays in response due to continued verification.

[0060] The controller performs a counter-evidence judgment on the source of the anomaly based on the response results before and after the verification action. After load reduction or output suspension, if the temperature rise slope of the interface connector decreases, the temperature rise slope of the vehicle area does not continue to rise, and the flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters do not continue to rise, the controller determines that the source of the anomaly is an interface contact anomaly. After low power recovery, if at least one of the following occurs: current recovery overshoot, current ripple enhancement, or abnormal increase in power factor, and the temperature rise slope of the vehicle area does not continue to rise, the controller determines that the source of the anomaly is a charger anomaly. After output suspension, if the target charging interface current has returned to zero, but the temperature rise slope of the vehicle area continues to rise, and the flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters continue to rise, the controller determines that the source of the anomaly is a battery thermal runaway anomaly. If the charging parameters do not show a deviation corresponding to the thermal anomaly, but hot spots, flue gas, or open flame anomalies first appear in the image acquisition area or environmental detection area, the controller determines that the source of the anomaly is an external fire source anomaly. If, after power outage, cooling, or fire extinguishing actions have been performed in the target risk area, the temperature rise, flue gas parameters, combustible gas parameters, or hot spot area in the adjacent parking area still show an upward trend, the controller determines that the source of the anomaly is an abnormal diffusion from the adjacent area.

[0061] When multiple abnormality conditions are met simultaneously, the controller determines the final abnormality source in the order of priority: battery thermal runaway abnormality, open flame or external fire source abnormality, adjacent area diffusion abnormality, charger abnormality, and interface contact abnormality, so as to ensure that fire safety requirements are met first in uncertain scenarios. Example 5

[0062] Reference Figure 5 This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, further illustrates the formation method of candidate diffusion regions, diffusion priority information, and coordinated treatment sequences.

[0063] When the source of the anomaly is a battery thermal runaway anomaly, an external fire source anomaly, or an anomaly spreading from an adjacent area, the controller takes the target risk area as the center and identifies the adjacent parking areas, charging interfaces of the same power supply branch, cable or socket routing paths, adjacent areas of the canopy structure, and fire protection blind spots around the target risk area as candidate spread areas.

[0064] For each candidate diffusion area, the controller acquires the following information: parking distance from the target risk area, vehicle parking offset, matching degree of hot spot movement direction, matching degree of smoke movement direction, charging power of adjacent charging interfaces, enclosure obstruction status, cable or socket layout correlation, coverage status of fire-fighting actuators, and remaining status of fire-fighting media. Based on this information, the controller determines the diffusion priority of each candidate diffusion area and sorts them from highest to lowest diffusion priority.

[0065] For example, if a hot spot in a target risk area moves to the adjacent parking area on the right, and the smoke also moves through the adjacent parking area on the right, and a vehicle in the adjacent parking area on the right is charging at high power, and the parking area on the right is at the edge of fire protection coverage, the controller will identify the adjacent parking area on the right as a high-priority candidate diffusion area. As another example, if there is a cable or socket routing path near the target risk area, and this path is in the same direction as the hot spot movement, the controller will include the area corresponding to that cable or socket routing path in the high-priority candidate diffusion area.

[0066] The controller determines priority power-off zones, priority current-limiting zones, priority cooling zones, priority fire suppression zones, and smoke extraction adjustment zones based on the ranking of candidate diffusion areas. Priority power-off zones may include target charging interfaces, adjacent charging interfaces on the same power supply branch, or high-priority adjacent charging interfaces. Priority current-limiting zones may include adjacent charging interfaces located in high-risk diffusion directions but without direct fire. Priority cooling zones may include target risk areas and high-priority candidate diffusion areas. Priority fire suppression zones may include parking areas where hotspot expansion, smoke rise, or open flame identification results have occurred. Smoke extraction adjustment zones may include high-priority candidate diffusion areas traversed by the smoke's movement direction.

[0067] After generating diffusion priority information, the controller establishes a set of candidate action actions. The set of candidate action actions includes: power off the target charging interface, power off the target power supply branch, power off the target charging zone, current limiting of adjacent charging interfaces, suspension of adjacent charging interfaces, cooling of the target risk area, release of extinguishing agent in the target risk area, pre-cooling of adjacent parking areas, release of extinguishing agent in adjacent parking areas, smoke exhaust adjustment, and alarm.

[0068] The controller determines the coverage area, impact area, execution intensity, expected risk reduction result, execution sequence constraints, and alternative actions for each candidate action in the candidate action set. The coverage area refers to the parking or power supply area that the candidate action can affect. The impact area refers to the area where the candidate action may cause charging interruption, current restriction, changes in spraying or smoke extraction. Execution intensity can include the power outage range, current restriction ratio, cooling medium release amount, extinguishing medium release amount, or smoke extraction air volume. Expected risk reduction result can include the expected temperature decrease trend, the expected smoke gas concentration decrease trend, the expected combustible gas parameter decrease trend, the expected hot spot area reduction trend, or the expected weakening of the diffusion trend. Alternative actions refer to subsequent actions that can be invoked if the candidate action fails to execute or the expected risk reduction result is not achieved.

[0069] Based on the anomaly source and spread priority information, the controller selects a combination of candidate actions from the candidate action set that can cover the target risk area and high-priority candidate spread areas, and have minimal impact on non-risk charging interfaces, non-risk parking areas, and non-risk power supply branches, thus generating a coordinated response sequence. Therefore, the coordinated response sequence is not a fixed alarm linkage table, but is dynamically determined based on the anomaly source, spread path, and fire resource status.

[0070] When the diffusion priority information shows that the direction of smoke movement passes through a high-priority candidate diffusion area, the controller will adjust the smoke exhaust to be performed before or simultaneously with the release of the extinguishing medium, in order to reduce the diffusion of smoke to adjacent parking areas or personnel passage areas. Example 6

[0071] Reference Figure 6 This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, further illustrates the feedback correction and alternative action invocation after the linkage processing.

[0072] The controller controls the power supply control components and fire-fighting execution components to execute corresponding actions according to the linkage sequence. After the actions are executed, the controller collects feedback on power failure, temperature changes, flue gas parameter changes, combustible gas parameter changes, hot spot location changes, and feedback from the fire-fighting execution components. Power failure feedback includes the actual on / off status of port switches, the actual on / off status of branch switches, or the target charging interface current returning to zero. Feedback from the fire-fighting execution components includes the solenoid valve opening / closing status, medium pressure status, smoke exhaust execution status, and alarm execution status.

[0073] The controller determines the actual risk reduction result based on the above feedback and compares it with the expected risk reduction result of the corresponding candidate actions. If the actual temperature decrease trend, flue gas parameter decrease trend, combustible gas parameter decrease trend, hot spot area reduction trend, or diffusion trend weakening result reaches the expected risk reduction result, the controller maintains the current linkage action sequence or enters the post-action lockout process. If the actual risk reduction result does not reach the expected risk reduction result, the controller redetermines the target risk area and diffusion priority information, and generates a subsequent linkage action sequence based on the alternative actions corresponding to the candidate actions.

[0074] For example, if the temperature of the target risk area decreases after cooling is performed, but the temperature of the adjacent parking area on the right continues to rise, the controller re-determines the diffusion priority of the adjacent parking area on the right and generates a subsequent linkage sequence for pre-cooling or powering off the adjacent parking area on the right. If the pressure feedback of the extinguishing agent is insufficient after it is released from the target risk area, the controller calls upon the adjacent extinguishing agent release nozzle covering the target risk area as an alternative action. If the smoke movement direction still passes through the high-priority candidate diffusion area after the smoke exhaust valve is activated, the controller readjusts the smoke exhaust valve or increases the intensity of the smoke exhaust fan.

[0075] Through the above-mentioned feedback correction and alternative action invocation, the present invention can form a closed-loop control process of anomaly identification, gating triggering, risk area confirmation, input disturbance counter-evidence, diffusion priority determination, linkage handling, feedback comparison and alternative action invocation. Example 7

[0076] This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, further illustrates the interlocking control and reignition rebound treatment after fire suppression.

[0077] After fire suppression, the controller maintains a lockout on the target charging interface, corresponding power supply branch, or corresponding charging zone based on residual temperature rise, residual smoke, residual combustible gas, hot spot rebound, and changes in adjacent parking areas. Lockout means that the controller prohibits the target charging interface from re-outputting power, or prohibits the corresponding power supply branch from restoring power, or restricts the resumption of use of the corresponding charging zone when the residual risk is high.

[0078] After the fire is extinguished, the controller sequentially enters the rapid fall confirmation stage, the residual heat release confirmation stage, and the reignition rebound confirmation stage.

[0079] During the rapid decline confirmation phase, the controller determines whether the fire suppression measures have achieved an initial suppression effect based on the decreasing trends of temperature, flue gas parameters, combustible gas parameters, and hot spot area in the target risk area. If temperature, flue gas parameters, combustible gas parameters, and hot spot area all show a decreasing trend, the controller considers the fire suppression measures to have achieved an initial suppression effect; if any of these parameters does not decrease or continues to increase, the controller re-enters the diffusion priority determination and linkage response sequence generation process.

[0080] During the residual heat release confirmation phase, the controller determines whether there is a risk of residual heat release based on residual temperature rise, hot spot residue, flue gas residue, combustible gas residue, and changes in adjacent parking areas. If local high-temperature areas, flue gas residue, or combustible gas residue still exist in the target risk area, the controller remains locked and decides whether to continue cooling, smoke extraction, or alarm based on the residual risk status.

[0081] During the reignition rebound confirmation phase, the controller determines whether there is a temperature rebound, flue gas rebound, combustible gas parameter rebound, hot spot expansion, or open flame reappearance. If any of the above situations occur, the controller re-enters the process of determining the target risk area, determining the diffusion priority, and generating the coordinated response sequence.

[0082] The controller allows manual reset when the temperature in the target risk area is below the safety recovery threshold, the temperature decrease trend is stable, flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters drop and remain stable, the image acquisition component does not detect open flames or hot spot expansion, there is no diffusion trend in adjacent parking areas, the target charging interface and target power supply branch remain disconnected, and the fire-fighting execution component has completed feedback processing. If all of the above conditions are not met, the controller remains locked and the locking range is adjusted between the target charging zone, the target power supply branch, and the target charging interface according to the residual risk status.

[0083] For example, when there are still obvious residual hot spots in the target risk area and the temperature rise in adjacent parking areas has not completely subsided, the controller keeps the target charging zone locked; when the residual risk is reduced to the point where only the target power supply branch has a reset risk, the controller narrows the locking range from the target charging zone to the target power supply branch; when only the target charging interface still has a maintenance risk, the controller narrows the locking range to the target charging interface. This allows for the reduction of prolonged shutdowns of non-risk areas while ensuring that the risk of reignition is controllable. Example 8

[0084] This embodiment further illustrates the system operation process under several typical abnormal scenarios.

[0085] The first scenario involves an interface contact anomaly. After the user connects the electric bicycle to the target charging interface, the controller generates an initial reference data set for this charging session. During subsequent charging, if the temperature rise slope and current ripple amplitude of the target charging interface's connector continuously deviate from the initial reference data set, the controller triggers baseline deviation gating. Once the controller confirms that both the abnormal charging parameters and the abnormal interface temperature rise correspond to the target parking area, it triggers target risk area consistency gating. In the early stages, the controller performs load reduction and output suspension. If, after load reduction or output suspension, the temperature rise slope of the connector decreases, the temperature rise slope in the vehicle area does not continue to rise, and the flue gas parameters and combustible gas parameters do not continue to rise, the controller determines that the anomaly originates from an interface contact anomaly. Subsequently, the controller de-energizes the target charging interface and keeps it locked, while simultaneously outputting a manual maintenance prompt and not initiating large-scale fire extinguishing medium release.

[0086] The second scenario involves charger malfunction. During subsequent charging, the target charging port exhibits increased current ripple, abnormal power factor, and output power fluctuations. The controller triggers baseline deviation gating and identifies the target risk area. The controller performs load reduction, pauses output, and performs low-power recovery. After low-power recovery, if current recovery overshoot, increased current ripple, or an abnormally increased power factor occurs, and the vehicle area temperature rise slope does not continue to increase, the controller determines the source of the malfunction is a charger malfunction. The controller then cuts off power to the target charging port and, based on the interface area correspondence table, determines whether current limiting or enhanced monitoring is needed for adjacent charging ports on the same power supply branch.

[0087] The third scenario is battery thermal runaway anomaly. When the real-time charging characteristic data of the target charging interface deviates, the controller triggers baseline deviation gating and target risk area consistency gating. In the early stages, the controller suspends output. After suspending output, if the current of the target charging interface has returned to zero, but the temperature rise slope in the vehicle area continues to increase, and the smoke or combustible gas parameters continue to rise, the controller determines the source of the anomaly to be battery thermal runaway. The controller determines candidate diffusion areas centered on the target risk area and determines diffusion priority based on the hot spot movement direction, smoke movement direction, distance to adjacent parking areas, canopy obstruction status, and fire suppression component coverage status. Subsequently, the controller generates a coordinated response sequence: power off the target charging interface, current limiting or suspension of adjacent high-priority charging interfaces, cooling of the target risk area, release of extinguishing agents in the target risk area, pre-cooling of adjacent parking areas, and alarm activation.

[0088] The fourth scenario is external fire source abnormality. When the charging parameters do not have obvious deviations corresponding to thermal abnormality, and thermal spot, smoke or open flame abnormality appears first in the image acquisition area or environment detection area, the controller determines that the source of the abnormality is external fire source abnormality. At this time, the controller no longer performs the charging input verification action, but determines the diffusion priority information according to the position of the thermal spot, the movement direction of the smoke, the distance between adjacent parking areas and the coverage of fire-fighting execution components, and directly generates a linked disposal sequence.

[0089] The fifth scenario is adjacent area diffusion abnormality. When the target risk area has performed power-off, cooling or fire-extinguishing actions, and the temperature rise, smoke parameter, combustible gas parameter or thermal spot area of the adjacent parking area still shows an upward trend, the controller determines that there is an adjacent area diffusion abnormality. The controller re-determines the target risk area and candidate diffusion areas, lists the adjacent parking areas with higher diffusion risk as high-priority candidate diffusion areas, and generates a subsequent linked disposal sequence for pre-cooling, fire extinguishing medium release, smoke exhaust adjustment or power-off of corresponding charging interfaces for such adjacent parking areas.

[0090] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention does not simply add temperature sensors, smoke sensors and fire extinguishing devices to an electric bicycle charging pile, but forms a complete closed-loop active fire safety joint control through the initial reference data group of current charging, baseline deviation gating, target risk area consistency gating, input disturbance disproval, candidate diffusion area sorting, candidate disposal action selection, expected risk reduction result comparison, alternative action calling and post-disposal latch control.

[0091] The above description is only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent replacement or modification made by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active fire safety control system for electric bicycle charging stations, characterized in that, It includes the charging pile body, multiple charging interfaces, charging parameter acquisition components, environmental detection components, image acquisition components, power supply control components, fire protection execution components, and controller; The multiple charging ports are located on the charging pile body and correspond to different parking areas respectively; The charging parameter acquisition component is connected to each charging interface and is used to acquire the charging parameters of each charging interface. The charging parameters include multiple items such as output voltage, output current, output power, current ripple, power factor, and interface connection temperature. The environmental detection component is installed in the parking area and is used to collect at least one of the ambient temperature, flue gas parameters and combustible gas parameters of the parking area. The image acquisition component is used to acquire vehicle images, hot spot images, smoke images, or open flame images in the parking area; The power supply control component is used to control the on / off state of the charging interface and / or power supply branch, and to feed back the on / off state to the controller. The fire-fighting actuator is used to perform at least two of the following actions: cooling, releasing fire extinguishing media, smoke exhaust, and alarm, and to report the execution status to the controller. The controller is connected to the charging parameter acquisition component, the environmental detection component, the image acquisition component, the power supply control component, and the fire protection execution component, respectively. After the target charging interface switches from standby state to charging output state, the controller removes the output start-up transient data and forms the initial reference data set for this charging based on multiple charging parameters and ambient temperature data collected during the relatively stable output phase. In the later stages of this charging process, the controller compares the real-time charging characteristic data of the target charging interface with the initial reference data set of this charging, and determines whether there is a suspected abnormality in the target charging interface based on the deviation magnitude and deviation duration. After determining that there is a suspected anomaly, the controller determines the target risk area based on the preset correspondence between the target charging interface, the corresponding parking area, the power supply branch, the environmental detection area, the image acquisition area and the fire-fighting execution component, and determines whether the abnormal charging parameters, abnormal interface temperature rise, abnormal environmental parameters and abnormal images originate from the same target risk area. When a suspected anomaly is in an early stage where no open flame has been confirmed, no smoke has spread rapidly, no adjacent areas have been affected, and no emergency temperature rise conditions have been met, the controller performs at least two verification actions on the target charging interface, including load reduction, output suspension, and low power recovery. The source of the anomaly is determined based on the current recovery before and after the verification actions, the temperature rise of the interface connection, the temperature rise of the vehicle area, the change in smoke parameters, or the change in combustible gas parameters. When the source of the anomaly is a battery thermal runaway anomaly, an external fire source anomaly, or an adjacent area diffusion anomaly, the controller determines the diffusion priority information based on the hot spot location, hot spot movement direction, smoke movement direction, distance to adjacent parking areas, charging status of adjacent charging interfaces, canopy obstruction status, and coverage of fire-fighting execution components in the target risk area. The controller generates a linkage response sequence based on the diffusion priority information, and controls the power supply control component and the fire-fighting execution component to perform at least two actions from the linkage response sequence, namely power failure, current limiting, cooling, release of extinguishing medium, smoke exhaust and alarm. After the coordinated response sequence is executed, the controller determines whether the risk has decreased as expected based on feedback from power failure, temperature changes, flue gas parameter changes, combustible gas parameter changes, hot spot location changes, and feedback from fire-fighting execution components. When the risk does not decrease as expected, the controller redetermines the target risk area, the diffusion priority information, and the subsequent linkage and response sequence. After the fire is extinguished, the controller will keep the target charging interface, the corresponding power supply branch or the corresponding charging zone locked based on the residual temperature rise, residual smoke, residual combustible gas, hot spot rebound and changes in adjacent parking areas, and will allow manual reset after the reset conditions are met.

2. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging pile body includes a pile shell, an interface mounting part, a control cavity, and an electrical mounting cavity; The interface mounting part is located on the side of the pile body shell facing the parking area, and the plurality of charging interfaces are located on the interface mounting part; The control cavity is used to install the controller, and the electrical mounting cavity is used to install the power supply control component and the charging parameter acquisition component. Each charging port is configured with an interface number, and the interface number is associated with the parking area number, power supply branch number, environmental monitoring area number, image acquisition area number, fire-fighting execution component number, and adjacent parking area number. The controller stores an interface area correspondence table, which includes the charging interface number, parking area number, power supply branch number, environmental detection area number, image acquisition area number, fire-fighting execution component number, and adjacent parking area number. The controller determines the target risk area, adjacent parking area, adjacent charging interface on the same power supply branch, and fire-fighting execution components through an interface area mapping table.

3. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging parameter acquisition component includes multiple components such as a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a power metering circuit, a current ripple sampling circuit, a power factor acquisition circuit, and an interface temperature detection device. The voltage sampling circuit is connected to the output terminal of each charging interface and is used to output the corresponding charging interface output voltage signal to the controller. The current sampling circuit is connected in series or coupled to the output circuit of each charging interface, and is used to output the output current signal of the corresponding charging interface to the controller. The power metering circuit is connected to the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit respectively, and is used to output the output power signal of the corresponding charging interface to the controller. The current ripple sampling circuit is connected to the output circuit of the charging interface and is used to output the current ripple signal to the controller. The power factor acquisition circuit is located on the input or output side of the charging interface and is used to output a power factor signal to the controller. The interface temperature detection device is located on the plug terminal of the charging interface, inside the socket housing, or near the conductive connection part of the interface, and is used to output the interface plug temperature signal to the controller.

4. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental detection component includes at least one of a zone temperature detection device, a flue gas detection device, and a combustible gas detection device. The area temperature detection device is located above the parking area, to the side of the parking area, or on the side of the charging pile body close to the parking area, and is used to output the parking area temperature signal to the controller. The flue gas detection device is installed above the parking area, at the airflow convergence point inside the canopy, or on the side of the charging pile body near the parking area, and is used to output a flue gas concentration signal to the controller. The combustible gas detection device is installed above the parking area, at the airflow gathering point inside the canopy, or on the side of the charging pile body near the parking area, and is used to output a combustible gas concentration signal to the controller. The image acquisition component includes at least one of a visible light camera, an infrared thermal imaging device, and an image processing module; The visible light camera is positioned to cover multiple parking areas and is used to capture vehicle images, smoke images, or open flame images. The infrared thermal imaging device is positioned to cover multiple parking areas and is used to collect thermal spot images of the parking areas. The image processing module is connected to a visible light camera or an infrared thermal imager to establish a correspondence between the image acquisition area and the parking area number, and outputs at least one image recognition signal to the controller, including vehicle outline information, hot spot location, hot spot area, hot spot movement direction, smoke movement direction, and open flame recognition result.

5. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply control component includes at least one of the following: port switching components, branch switching components, switch status feedback components, and residual current protection components; The port switch is installed in the output circuit of each charging interface and is used to control the on / off or output state of a single charging interface according to the controller's port power-off command, port current limiting command or port pause command. The branch switch is located on a power supply branch shared by multiple charging interfaces and is used to control the on / off of the power supply branch according to the branch power-off command of the controller. The switch status feedback element is connected to the port switch element or the branch switch element and is used to provide feedback to the controller on the actual on / off status of the port switch element or the branch switch element. The residual current protection device is installed in the charging interface output circuit or power supply branch, and is used to output a residual current abnormal signal to the controller. The fire-fighting actuator includes at least one of the following: cooling nozzles, fire extinguishing medium release nozzles, solenoid valves, medium pipelines, pressure storage containers, smoke exhaust fans, smoke exhaust valves, and audible and visual alarms. The cooling nozzles and fire extinguishing medium release nozzles are arranged for different parking areas. The cooling nozzles are used to release cooling medium to the target risk area or adjacent parking area, and the fire extinguishing medium release nozzles are used to release fire extinguishing medium to the target risk area or adjacent parking area. The solenoid valve is installed on the medium pipeline and connected to the controller, and is used to control the release of cooling medium or fire extinguishing medium according to the controller's cooling command or fire extinguishing command. The pressure storage container is connected to a cooling nozzle or a fire extinguishing medium release nozzle via a medium pipeline, and is used to provide cooling medium or fire extinguishing medium. The exhaust fan or exhaust valve is located above the charging area or at the exhaust channel of the shed, and is used to change the exhaust direction or exhaust intensity according to the exhaust adjustment command of the controller. The audible and visual alarm is installed near the charging pile or parking area and is used to output audible and visual alarm signals according to the alarm command of the controller. The fire-fighting actuator sends at least one of the following execution feedback signals to the controller: solenoid valve opening / closing status, medium pressure status, smoke exhaust execution status, and alarm execution status.

6. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial reference data set for this charging is formed in the following manner: After the output of the target charging interface is started, the controller divides the initial time period into a start-up elimination phase and a stable sampling phase. During the startup rejection phase, the controller excludes sampling points corresponding to the instantaneous relay closing, voltage ramp-up phase, current surge phase, and charger handshake phase. During the stable sampling phase, the controller continuously collects the voltage sequence, current sequence, power sequence, power factor sequence, current ripple sequence, interface connection temperature sequence, and ambient temperature sequence of the target charging interface. When the voltage change, current change, and power change during the stable sampling phase are all less than the corresponding stability judgment threshold, the controller confirms that the stable sampling phase meets the stable sampling conditions. After the stable sampling conditions are met, the controller generates a compensation temperature rise sequence based on the difference between the interface plug-in temperature sequence and the ambient temperature sequence. It also extracts the current fluctuation amplitude and current change slope from the current sequence, the power fluctuation amplitude from the power sequence, the power factor change from the power factor sequence, the ripple amplitude and ripple frequency from the current ripple sequence, and the interface plug-in temperature rise slope and interface plug-in temperature rise hysteresis from the compensation temperature rise sequence. The controller forms baseline feature data based on the concentrated values ​​of the extracted features, and forms an allowable deviation range based on the fluctuation range of the extracted features during the stable sampling phase. The baseline feature data and the allowable deviation range together constitute the initial baseline data set for this charging.

7. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller determines whether the target charging interface is suspected of being abnormal in the following manner: In the subsequent stages of this charging process, the controller continuously acquires real-time sampling data of the target charging interface according to a preset sliding window, and extracts real-time feature data from the real-time sampling data. The real-time feature data includes multiple items from the following: real-time current fluctuation amplitude, real-time current change slope, real-time power fluctuation amplitude, real-time power factor change, real-time ripple amplitude, real-time ripple frequency, real-time interface connector temperature rise slope, and real-time interface connector temperature rise hysteresis. The controller compares each real-time feature data with the corresponding reference feature data and allowable deviation range in the initial reference data set for this charge. When any real-time feature data exceeds the corresponding allowable deviation range, the controller records the deviation magnitude and duration of the deviation. When the deviation magnitude and duration of multiple real-time feature data together meet the suspected anomaly conditions, the controller determines that the target charging interface has a suspected anomaly. Before the target risk area is confirmed and verified, the controller will not directly generate a fire extinguishing medium release command based on a single current threshold, a single temperature threshold, or a single smoke threshold; when open flame, smoke spread rapidly, or emergency temperature rise conditions are met, the controller will skip the verification action and directly enter the linkage response.

8. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The verification actions include at least two of the following: load reduction, output suspension, and low-power recovery; The load reduction involves reducing the output power of the target charging interface to a preset ratio of the output power before load reduction, and collecting data on current recovery, temperature rise changes at the interface connector, and temperature rise changes in the vehicle area after load reduction. The pause output is the output that disconnects the target charging interface, and the target charging interface current returns to zero, the temperature rise of the interface connector, the temperature rise of the vehicle area, the flue gas parameters, and the combustible gas parameters are collected. The low-power recovery refers to restoring the target charging interface output to a power level lower than the output power before load reduction, and collecting data on current recovery overshoot, ripple changes, power factor changes, and temperature rise acceleration. When an open flame, rapid spread of smoke, rapid temperature rise, or spread trend to adjacent areas occurs during any verification action, the controller stops the subsequent verification actions and directly generates a linkage response sequence. The controller determines the source of the anomaly in the following manner: When the temperature rise slope of the interface connector decreases after load reduction or output suspension, the temperature rise slope of the vehicle area does not continue to rise, and the flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters do not continue to rise, the source of the abnormality is determined to be an interface contact abnormality. When low power recovery occurs and at least one of the following occurs: current recovery overshoot, enhanced current ripple, or abnormal increase in power factor, and the temperature rise slope in the vehicle area does not continue to increase, the abnormality is determined to be caused by a charger malfunction. When the current at the target charging interface has returned to zero after the output is paused, but the temperature rise slope in the vehicle area continues to increase, and the flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters continue to rise, the abnormal source is determined to be an abnormal battery thermal runaway. When the charging parameters do not deviate from the thermal anomaly, but hot spots, smoke or open flame anomalies first appear in the image acquisition area or environmental detection area, the source of the anomaly is determined to be an external fire source anomaly. If, after power outages, cooling, or fire extinguishing actions have been taken in the target risk area, the temperature rise, flue gas parameters, combustible gas parameters, or hot spot area in the adjacent parking area still show an upward trend, the source of the anomaly is determined to be an abnormal diffusion from the adjacent area.

9. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diffusion priority information is determined in the following manner: The controller takes the target risk area as the center and identifies the adjacent parking areas, charging interfaces of the same power supply branch, cable or socket routing paths, adjacent areas of the canopy structure, and fire protection blind spots around the target risk area as candidate diffusion areas. For each candidate diffusion area, the controller obtains the parking distance between it and the target risk area, the vehicle parking offset, the matching degree of hot spot movement direction, the matching degree of smoke movement direction, the charging power of adjacent charging interfaces, the enclosure obstruction status, the correlation degree of cable or socket layout, the coverage status of fire-fighting execution components, and the remaining status of fire-fighting media. The controller determines the diffusion priority of each candidate diffusion area based on the above information, and determines the priority power-off area, priority current-limiting area, priority cooling area, priority fire extinguishing area and smoke exhaust adjustment area according to the diffusion priority; The coordinated response sequence is generated as follows: The controller establishes a set of candidate actions, which includes power off the target charging interface, power off the target power supply branch, power off the target charging zone, current limiting of adjacent charging interfaces, suspension of adjacent charging interfaces, cooling of the target risk area, release of fire extinguishing medium in the target risk area, pre-cooling of adjacent parking areas, release of fire extinguishing medium in adjacent parking areas, smoke exhaust adjustment, and alarm. For each candidate action, the controller determines its coverage area, impact area, execution intensity, expected risk reduction result, execution order constraints, and alternative actions; Based on the anomaly source, anomaly development stage, and diffusion priority information, the controller selects a combination of candidate action actions from the candidate action action set that can cover the target risk area and high-priority candidate diffusion areas, as a coordinated action sequence. When any candidate action fails to be executed, or the response does not achieve the expected risk reduction, the controller generates an updated sequence of actions based on alternative actions.

10. The active fire safety control system for an electric bicycle charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the fire is extinguished, the controller sequentially enters the rapid fall confirmation stage, the residual heat release confirmation stage, and the reignition rebound confirmation stage. During the rapid decline confirmation phase, the initial suppression effect of fire fighting is determined based on the temperature decline trend, flue gas parameter decline trend, combustible gas parameter decline trend and hot spot area change in the target risk area. During the residual heat release confirmation phase, the presence of residual heat release risk is determined based on residual temperature rise, hot spot residue, flue gas residue, combustible gas residue, and changes in adjacent parking areas. During the reignition rebound confirmation stage, it is determined whether there is a temperature rebound, flue gas rebound, combustible gas parameter rebound, hot spot expansion, or open flame reappearance. When the temperature of the target risk area is below the safety recovery threshold, the temperature drop trend is stable, the flue gas parameters or combustible gas parameters drop and remain stable, the image acquisition component does not identify open flames or hot spot expansion, the adjacent parking area does not show a diffusion trend, the target charging interface and the target power supply branch remain disconnected, and the fire-fighting execution component has completed the feedback and handling, the controller allows manual reset. Otherwise, the controller remains locked and adjusts the lockout range between the target charging zone, the target power supply branch, and the target charging interface based on the residual risk status. When a temperature rebound, flue gas rebound, combustible gas parameter rebound, hot spot expansion, or open flame reappearance is detected during the interlocking period, the controller re-determines the abnormal development stage, diffusion priority information, and linkage response sequence.

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